Virtual Techniques in Textile Applications: VDC-Whitepaper

Whitepaper
Virtual Techniques in Textile Applications
Areas of Application & Chances
© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)
Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph Runde
Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach
Auberlenstr. 13
70736 Fellbach
www.vdc-fellbach.de
Areas of Application & Chances

Physical Simulation MissionOverview Textile Machine Engineering Digital PresentationVirtual Development Summary
Environment Textile Industry
High pressure of competition
Fast product changes
High variety
Emotional consumer products
Spatial separation of design, production
and sales
Numerous manufacturing methods
(weaving, knitting, braiding,…) for the
production of textile surfaces/ semi-
finished products
jeder dieser Prozesse besitzt zahlreiche
Möglichkeiten/Parameter zur Gestaltung/
2
and sales
Complex calculation for simulation and
visualisation
Möglichkeiten/Parameter zur Gestaltung/
Ausführung des Strukturaufbaus
Protracted and costly trial and error
/ŵĂŐĞ͗ ĚĂďĂůĂ ϮϬϬϯ Ğƚ Ăů͘ /ŵĂŐĞ͗ ǁǁǁ͘ĐůŽϯĚ͘ĐŽŵ

Application fields of virtual techniques in the textile industry
Physical simulation
oStructure simulation
oFlow simulation
Textile light effects
oVirtual development
oDigital sketch
Textile machine engineering
oHandling technology
oProcess simulation
oMachine construction
oTraining
Digital presentation of textiles
3
oDigital sketch
oDesign evaluation
Design methods and tools
(CAE-) simulation algorithms
Visualisation algorithms, Computer Generated Images (CGI)
Material scanning, High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) material models
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Relevant technologies
Digital presentation of textiles
oPrint, film, web
oSell in, point of sales
oAugmented Reality, haptic

Physical simulation of textiles: structure simulation (1/2)
Analysis on micro level
Thread, fabric, knitted fabric, braid,…
Use of mechanical analogous model (to
accelerate the calculation)
Image: Peirce
Peirce’s
geometrical fabric
model
Physical Simulation
4
Image: Peirce
Image: Peirce
Detail view of fabric,
corresponding
particle model
Peirce’s
geometrical fabric
model

Physical simulation of textiles: structure simulation (2/2)
Calculation of mechanical
features of textiles
(deformation and load) for
different load types:
Tensile stress
Shearing
Image: ITV Denkendorf
Simulation
of biaxial
tensile stress
(airbag fabric)
Simulation
of the protective
effect of a textile-
based splinter
protection curtain
Image: ITV
Denkendorf
Physical Simulation
5
Shearing
Impact
Drape
Temperature
Drape simulation
of an aramid fabric
Einzelfilamentmodell:
Simulation of yarn
compression with
simultaneous tensile
stress with ITV-hybrid
yarn model
Denkendorf

Simulation flow e.g. through
membranes
Movement of garments in
moving, liquid medium
(„washing machine simulator“)
In this context consideration of rigid
Image: RWTH Aachen AME
Simulation flow through
fabric
Physical simulation of textiles: Flow simulation
Physical Simulation
6
In this context consideration of rigid
geometries in the environment
(washing machine drum etc.)
Furthermore: (non-graphic) simulation
of the washing process itself
Image: Metariver
Image: DEM Solutions
Simulation
of garment movement in
washing machine
Simulation of the
movement of a flexible
garment (green) in a flow
area and in contact with
a solid body

Physical simulation of textiles: Light effects
By using textiles that are effective in terms
of lighting technology and special
backlighting, many 3D-effects can be
generated
Depth effect is significantly greater than
actual depth
LED-light spot rails
create arcs
Physical Simulation
7
actual depth
Large-scale design concepts without usage
restrictions
Market is pushed by the rapid development
of LED technology
High emotional value
Task simulation/ visualisation: result-driven
prototyping of textiles (instead of trial)
Created patterns
using colored LEDs
Installations in the
context of the exhibition:
Denkendorf Creative
Colloquium 2010

Virtual Development: Fashion-Design (1/2)
Process Fashion-Prototyping
Full Body Scan /
Series measurement
Design/ Definition (CAD)
Sewing/ Manufacturing
Garment simulation
Image: Bronzwear
Bronzwear
V-Styler
Virtual Development
8
Garment simulation
Movement definition
(Mocap)
Virtual fashion show
Image: Virtual Fashion
Image: Tuka
Virtual fashion
Basic 1.0
TUKA3D
Image: clo3D
Image: C-DESIGN
C-DESIGN
Fashion
clo3d

Virtual Development: Fashion-Design (2/2)
Design – CAD
Cutting pattern generation
Comparison with digital human
models, which were created on
basis of country-specific series
measurements
Image: Human Solutions
CAD Assyst:
Development of cutting
pattern for dress.
Afterwards takeover of
the cutting data for
visualisation. Changes in
2D are tranferred online
to 3D
Virtual Development
9
measurements
Checking shape, fit, pattern
course, distance to body
Display distance to body
in colors: Fit of the
garment
Scanatare based on series
measurements iSize,
indication of height,
nationality

Virtual development: Design evaluation fashion
3D-Visualisation
Direct transfer of 3D-data out of CAD
Material assignment
Realistic visualisation;
trend photorealism
Drapery
Simulation drapery:
interaction of cutting/fit,
material and body
Virtual Development
10
Drapery
Quality assurance: comparison between
real and digital pattern
First possibilities for staging
Staging of garments:
combination and
background
Quality assurance:
comparison of digital
sketch and real prototype

Virtual Development: Design evaluation fashion - staging
The virtual fashion show offers
different possibilities -
starting from the discussion of the
design up to web marketing
(topic presentation)
The physical stage can be replaced
Virtual Development
11
Image: IRGP der Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen
Virtual
catwalk
Image www.clo3d.com
The physical stage can be replaced
by a virtual one with almost
unlimited possibilities
Virtual
catwalk

Textile machine engineering: Handling technology (1/2)
Investigation of functional mechanisms
as a basis for the development of new,
improved products and processes
Detailed design of fabric manufacturing
process
Display of dynamic load cases
Image: ETH Zürich
Technichal modeling of a
yarn in the process: static
and dynamic load cases
Textile Machine Engineering
12
Display of dynamic load cases
Yarn breakage: stress calculation /
estimation
Simulation of multi-axial
knitting
Simulation
creation of meshes

Textile machine engineering: Handling technology (2/2)
13
Images: ITV Denkendorf
Winding and shrinking
processes
ITV-spool generation
simulation:
Thread layers are initially
described approximately
by a mathematical
function. In the
subsequent shrink
simulation, the thread
layers are placed on top
of each other and press
the sleeve together.

Textile machine engineering: Process simulation (1/2)
Virtual prototyping
Simulation of textile manufacturing
processes:
o Fabric production
o Braiding
o Multi-axial knitting
Image: reden
Simulation
braiding
14
o Multi-axial knitting
o Winding
o Drape
o Infiltration (fiber composite)
o …
Process simulation aramid
fabric made of
multifilament yarn

Textile machine engineering: Process simulation (2/2)
Displayed process simulation: Manufacturing of a gauze. Basis
for even more complex process simulations like multi-axial
weaving technology „Open Reed Weaving“
15
Images: ITV Denkendorf

Textile machine engineering: Machine construction
Review functionality
Digital mock-up
Kinematics
Collisions/ freedom of movement
Physics, control technology
Image: Oerlikon/ESI-IC.IDO
Overview entire plant
in VR; team work
16
Process simulators:
functionality of the tool
Stresses
Serviceability Image: Oerlikon/ESI-IC.IDO
Estimation ratio,
view in all components
Design review in VR

Textile machine engineering: Collaborative Engineering
Virtual Design Review of a textile machine in a team in front of a
Powerwall with Visual Decision Plattform (VDP) by ESI-IC.IDO
17

Textile machine engineering: Ergonomics
18
Image: IRGP der Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen
Ergonomcs analysis at a
circular knitting machine

Textile machine engineering: Training
19
Image: Lightshape
3D-animation for
training purposes:
understanding of
sewing process
and functionality
of a sewing
machine

3D-model for High-End-Renderings: Photorealism
Creation of marketing material already during the
product development process (based on digital
prototypes)
-> reduction of time-to-campaign
Avoidance of expensive photoshoots at distant places
Product changes easy to understand
Image: Wurzel-Medien
Automotive: seat covers,
covers interior, realistic
color and reflective
properties
Digital presentation of textiles: Print (1/2)
Digital Presentation
20
Product changes easy to understand
Reuse 3D-environment data in re-designs
Not only presentation of the design is possible, but
explicitly the technology; exploded views
Difficult camera positions are feasible
Transparency, insights: provide new insights; show the
hidden/ functionalities (such as membrane functions)
Presentation of future/ past, comparison
Easier secrecy of prototypes
Image: VDC
Image: WurzelMedien
Fashion: realistic
presentation of material,
form, deformation
by RTT
Furniture: display
cushion, carpet

Digital presentation of textiles: Print (2/2)
21
Photorealistic interior visualization for
use in print brochures
Image: Lightshape

Digital presentation of textiles: Film
Video extraction out of 3D data
Multimodal (e.g. sound) additional
information applicable
Useable on mobile devices
(tablet PC, smartphone)
Can be operated/ retrieved by
Image: VDC
Automotive: position,
form and color of seams
by RTT
22
Can be operated/ retrieved by
customers themselves (without 3D-
experience)
Animations and dynamic tracking
shots
Image: WurzelMedien
Image: LightShape
Fashion: dynamic
behaviour of clothes
Furniture: Enrichment
of 3D-scenes with textile
elements

Digital presentation of textiles: Web
Information source with low entry inhibition
threshold (anonymous information possible)
Multimodal additional information on new devices
(tablet PC, smartphone)
Can be operated/ retrieved by customers
themselves
Market research: virtual product tests; variant
Image: VDC
Automotive: seat covers,
covers interior:
patterncourse RTT
23
Market research: virtual product tests; variant
comparisons prior to the creation of physical,
haptic prototypes (thinning variants)
Interactive (simple) product configurators
Web configurators: deduction of statistics of most
popular variants
Access restricted for user groups: exclusivity
Integration with order system (delivery capability/
time)
Virtual customer dialogue: recording further wishes
Image: bitmanagement
Image: bitmanagement
Fashion:
web-3D-configurator
Furniture:
web-3D-configurator

Digital presentation of textiles: Film & Web
Animation (offline) of various
superimposed clothing layers
3D-visualisation of structured leather
by RTT
3D-visualisation of jacket
by RTT
24
Image: WurzelMedien Image: VDC Image: VDC

Digital presentation of textiles: Sell-In
Sell-In: marketing to
wholesaler, intermediaries
Staging
Combination to new outfits
Useful if many variants or models
have to be voted with customers or
Image: VDC
3D-visualisation
shoe collection
Adidas by RTT
25
have to be voted with customers or
within the company
Too costly to produce entire
collection as sample parts Image: VDC
Image: VDC
Different
outfit-visualisations
by RTT
3D-presentation
of collection in
shop by RTT

Digital presentation of textiles: POS
Point-of-Sales (POS): shop solutions
Interactive presentation of the product
Secure common understanding
Easy presentation of variants
Presentation of virtual product in
operation
Image: VDC
Sales promotion
demo by RTT
26
operation
Increase information density,
especially understandable presentation,
even of complex relationships
Provide detailed insights
Customer creates individual product:
product configurations by using the
expert version of the configurator
Image: VDC
Image: VDC
Screen presentation
of textiles and leather
goods in shop
or at fair
Multimedia application
in shop context

Digital presentation of textiles: POS & Fairs
Tridelity staged Nike
sportshoe Hypervenom in
Nike Flagship Store (Paris)
autostereoscopic
27
Image: Tridelity

Digital presentation of textiles: Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality: accurate
superimposition real image with
computer graphics
Web or POS
„Magic Mirror“: the customer´s live-cam-
recording is overlaid with 3D-graphics
Image: Westfield
Virtual fitting in web with
Augmented Reality
28
recording is overlaid with 3D-graphics
(garments to be tried on)
Gesture recognition for interaction
(e.g. for choice process)
Individual color pattern design in the case
of sport shoes (black-white markers
enable an accurate referencing)
Image: Adidas
Image: Adidas
Augmented-Reality-
dummy shoe by
Adidas
Magic Mirror
for shoe fitting

Digital presentation of textiles: Augmented Reality
Integration fashion
with AR and social
media: superimposition
of camera image (person)
with digital 3D-dress
29
Image: Zugara.com
Image: Fitnect
Auswahl über Gestenerkennung

Digital presentation of textiles: Haptic presentation
Project HAPTEX:
o numerical simulation textile behaviour
o haptic presentation
Prototypical development algorithmics
Prototypical development output device
Force feedback via articulated arm system (for
Image: Projekt HAPTEX
User, articulated arm and
graphic representation
30
Force feedback via articulated arm system (for
impression of texile overall rigidity)
Tactile output via mechanical pins (for
impression of finger feeling)
Project as a first step; realism expandable
Articulated arm and
graphic representation
Module for tactile
output

Chances of the use of virtual techniques for textile applications (1/2)
Overall process: Advantages
Emphasis on early stages of development
Less iteration loops
Process quality: Integration in
manufacturing process to simulate a
continuous process chain
Time: Advantages
Fast development cycles as an active process
element
Early feedback report
Time savings: fast exchange of real, up-to-
date 3D-data speeds up work steps;
Summary
31
Innovative capability: 3D-product data
affect the entire value chain when
implemented well
Competitive advantage: benefits of a
consistent, PLM-based 3D-process
Better understanding of
phenomenological relationships through
simulation/ calculation
Empowering multi-channel marketing
date 3D-data speeds up work steps;
interruptions for data entry and waiting
times reduced
Workflow automation: when the right data
is available, processes can be automated/
workflows can be initiated automatically:
time savings and transparency.
Parallel processes: digital process chains
enable the overlapping or parallel running of
some individual steps -> time savings
Reduction time-to-campaign

Costs: Advantages
Lower costs for sample parts;
physical pattern models can be
supplemented/ replaced
Limits of the virtual semi-finished product
can be analyzed with regard to its use,
without the previous, expensive and time-
Quality: Advantages
Development of alternative product concepts
Support of the product specification
Better fit: 3D-design incorporates body shape
Higher functionality, e.g. better draping properties
Targeted selection of semi-finished products according
Chances of the use of virtual techniques for textile applications (2/2)
Summary
32
without the previous, expensive and time-
consuming production
Favorable sample test with the simulation of
single parts instead of expensive total part
test
Topicality: joint work on a current data
master; changes in a late process step will
automatically adjust the data. -> lower
communication costs
Less consequential costs due to digital
hedging
Targeted selection of semi-finished products according
to specific component requirements
Targeted examination of individual parameters
Systematic analysis of boundary conditions and material
properties by simulation
Touching quality: environmental influences such as light
and shadow can be added to the visualisation
High reality factor: Evaluation of models in a team –>
easier error detection
Topicality due to up-to-date database: when changes
are made in a later process step, data automatically
adapts -> fewer mistakes due to inconsistent data

Lack of best practices: good references of
the implementation of virtual techniques
are barely public
The application of virtual techniques has
to be separated based on individual work
processes and individual goals
The implementation has to be conducted
Challenges
Summary
33
The implementation has to be conducted
and accompanied professionally
The application of new technologies
means change: new work processes,
tasks, functions, responsibilities, etc.;
other functions may cease (e.g. product
photography); employees have to be
informed and integrated in the course of
a comprehensive change management;
the management has to support the topic
actively
The Virtual Dimension Center has written a
separate whitepaper on "Introducing
Virtual Reality in the Enterprise", which
outlines areas of action, activities and
procedures for implementing virtual
technologies in the corporate context.

Summary
Numerous applications of virtual techniques in textile applications
Textile industry still has a lot of technological potential compared to automotive,
aviation and mechanical engineering
Significant opportunities: many fields are already marketable:
o virtual development
o textile machine engineering
Summary
34
o digital presentation
Use of physical simulation and AR on a project basis with technology providers possible
Haptics and digital fitting (e.g. for online sales) still in research phase; scanner
technologies are developing rapidly
Implementation challenges not trivial:
o comprehensive foresight
o selective start
o process integration and corporate culture (change management) crucial

Abadala, Neeharika, et. al.: Visualization of woven cloth. In: Per
Christensen and Daniel Cohen-Or (Editors): Eurographics Symposium on
Rendering, 2003
Blume, Steffen: Konstruktion eines Gerätes zur Simulation von
Oberflächenstrukturen für den Einsatz in VR-Umgebungen, Studienarbeit ,
Mai 2006
Blume, Steffen: Entwicklung eines Realzeit-Deformationsmodells der
Fingerkuppe zur haptischen Kraftrückkopplung, Diplomarbeit, April 2007
Finckh, Hermann: Prozesssimulation am ITV – Möglichkeiten für
Faserverbundstrukturen, 1. Fachkongress Composite Simulation,
Ludwigsburg, 2012
Literature
Pralle, Daniel: Parallelisierte Berechnung zur Fluiddynamik auf der Cell
B.E. Prozessorarchitektur, Masterarbeit, Juli 2009
Preuin, Sebastian: Ein lernendes System zur taktilen Darstellung von
Textilien, Masterarbeit, August 2007
Salsedo, F.; Fontana, M.; Tarri, F.; et al.: Architectural Design of the
Haptex System. In Proceedings of HAPTEX '05 - Workshop on Haptic
and Tactile Perception of Deformable Objects. Division of Computer
Graphics, University of Hannover, December 2005.
Schulze, Malte: Virtual Reality Methods for Industrial Interior Design in
Automotive Engineering, Dissertation, Volkswagen AG, Virtual Reality
Lab, 2005.Ludwigsburg, 2012
Glöckner, Daniel: Analysis of Coupled Dynamical Systems Exemplified by
an Interactive Real-Time Simulation, Masterarbeit, Juli 2008
Göllner, Olaf: Implementierung und Untersuchung numerischer
Algorithmen zur physikalischen Simulation auf CUDA-fähigen GPUs,
Bachelorarbeit, Mai 2009
Hanel, Michael: Untersuchung und Implementation verschiedener
Kollisionserkennungsalgorithmen für deformierbare Körper, Masterarbeit,
August 2007
Hunold, Jürgen: Automatisches Texturieren von Freiformflächen,
Diplomarbeit, Mai 1999
Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia; Volino, Pascal ; Bonanni, Ugo; Summers, Ian
R.; Bergamasco, Massimo; Salsedo, Fabio; Wolter, Franz-Erich: From
Physics-based Simulation to the Touching of Textiles: The HAPTEX Project.
In The International Journal of Virtual Reality 6 (2007), no. 3, 35-44.
35
Lab, 2005.
Seidl, Alexandra: Zehn Argumente für einen durchgängigen 3D-Prozess
und drei dagegen. In: fashion 03, Assyst GmbH, Aschheim-Dornach,
2012
Vogt, Karsten: Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Realzeit-Simulation
von Textilien unter Verwendung von progressiven Meshs Diplomarbeit,
September 2006
Volino, P.; Davy, P.; Bonanni, U.; Magnenat-Thalmann, N.; Böttcher, G.;
Allerkamp, D.; Wolter, F.-E.: From measured physical parameters to the
haptic feeling of fabric. In Proceedings of HAPTEX '05 - Workshop on
Haptic and Tactile Perception of Deformable Objects. Division of
Computer Graphics, University of Hannover, December 2005.

VDC members and partners in the context of virtual textiles
36

You are interested in this topic and you are looking for contact persons/
implementation partners?
Please contact us.
© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)
Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach
Auberlenstraße 13
70736 Fellbach
www.vdc-fellbach.de

Virtual Techniques in Textile Applications: VDC-Whitepaper

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