Improving sanitation with peri urban and squatter populations for css 5-5-09 (pp tminimizer)
1. Improved Sanitation with Peri-Urban
and Squatter Populations as part of
the SSK
with Equity on Gender and for
the Poor
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Jakarta, May 2009
2. INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Overview of presentation:
1. Issue : Growing peri-urban& squatter populations without
proper sanitation
2. Location: Informal settlements in the peri-urban zones
3. Challenge: High environmental and health risks
4. City Sanitation Strategy: Options for squatters?
5. The Option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats”
6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban community?
7. The Option: Community Led Urban Sanitation (CLUS)
8. Some Lessons learned: Ten golden CLUS rules
3. 1. The issue: Growing peri-urban& squatter
populations
• Many Indonesian cities face growing streams of migrants
from rural areas into their city boundaries
• Most migrants are attracted by the opportunities for work
and better incomes
• Others have come after a natural disaster, such as an
earthquake, volcano eruption or drought
• Virtually all such migrants are poor. They live in temporary
housing without drinking water supply and toilets
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
4. 2. The location: Informal settlements in peri-urban
zones
• Migrants often settle on
waste lands near river
banks and/or city edge
• Settlement is usually not
legal, but accepted by the
city as it needs cheap
labour for its budding
industry
• Houses are temporary,
made from free & lowest
cost local material and have
no toilet or water supply
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
5. 3. The challenge: high environmental and health
risks
• Migrants often settle on
waste land on the edge of
the city
• Preference of locations:
1) Near water for washing,
bathing & cleaning after
excreta disposal
2) Near work
3) Availability of land for housing
small livestock, food gardens
• Settlement is usually illegal,
but accepted as city needs
cheap labour for its budding
industry
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
6. • Labour migrants must live close to their places of work
• Travel to work costs too much time and money
• They and their family also need surface water & land near
water for their primary needs
• Relocation further away therefore often not an option
• At the same time, their sanitation habits pollute water and
land, e.g. the city waterpark and recreation area in Blitar.
• Cities do not want to expand water supply and sanitation
to squatters, as they don’t want permanent settlement
• Squatters reject investments without land security
What can be done?
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
4. SSK : Options for squatters?
7. 5. The option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats”
• A suitable technology choice for
non-permanent populations is the
sanitary platform (‘sanplat’)
• Sanplats are ferro-cement 40-45
mm thick slabs over a shallow pit
with a key-hole & cover
• Their construction requires 1/3 bag
of cement, coarse river sand, iron
reinforcement
• When pit is full, shift slab by
corners over new pit by 4 strong
men, cover old pit, plant trees
when sludge has manured
• Shelter: 4 poles + plastic
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
8. Source: COSI, Sri
Lanka
Sanplat over pit
lined with green
bamboo I in
unstable soil
Cover over hole excludes
flies
Shift over new pit when old is
full
9. Casting the sanplat with
keyhole-shaped squatting hole:
• One small plastic bucket
• Two bricks, sideways, V-
shape
• One bottle
Source: Jo Smet,
IRC
10. • Households have enough space to build off-site toilets
• Local low-cost and no-cost materials are available
• Households cannot afford to invest much money
• They are able to upgrade toilets over time
• They form a cohesive community with potential for gotong-
royong
• Households have a demand for toilets:
– Women want privacy and safety
– Men want increased house value, safety for wives &
daughters
– Both want status and convenience of toilet & better
health and saving s on expenditures from diseases
What can be done? Option 1, 2 ….
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban
communities?
11. 7. The option: Community-Led Urban Sanitation
(CLUS)
• With help of trained Puskes Mas or PKK
promoter, c’ty assesses local sanitation
situation (‘map’)
• It visits the open defecation sites
(‘transect walk’)
• It calculates the excreta weight
• C’ty decides to stop open defecation
(‘OD free’ pledge)
• C’ty & Puskes Mas/PKK promote lowest
cost models with local materials
(meetings, home visits)
• C’ty promotes till ODF & monitors
upkeep ODF (Case: Payakumbuh)
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Peta Sanitasi
Transect Walk
12. 1. Involve couples (husbands and wives together )
2. Review together who needs special help
(labour, materials, design information)
3. Plan c’ty help for poorest in cash/kind
4. Agree on minimum quality standards
5. Share knowledge e.g. open day visits
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Women review
toilet models
Planned to upgrade :
comlete floor, then walls,
roof, door
8. Some Lessons Learned (Ten golden CLUS
rules):
13. Some Lessons Learned (10 golden CLUS rules) :
6. Women make excellent toilet
masons – promoting & casting
slabs and pans (Case:
Payakumbuh)
7. School children can effectively
promote sanitation to parents
8. C’ties need to monitor if 100%
sanitized situation is sustained
9. Monitor hygiene & handwashing
e.g. 3 visits by Posyandu/C’ty
cadre: on completion, after one
month & three months
10. Cadres need training as CLUS
facilitators
INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
