Ivf Failure Research Paper

Ivf Failure Research Paper
Explaining and Overcoming Causes of IVF Failure
For women going through in vitro fertilization, IVF, there is nothing more disheartening than experiencing IVF failure. There are many things that can
cause IVF failure, ranging from problems with fertilization to issues with implantation.
Ovation Fertilityв„ў doctors and fertility specialists understand the causes of IVF failure. Even more importantly, they know ways to control them, so
you have the best chance of experiencing a healthy and successful pregnancy.
IVF failure can be caused by a number of things, including fertilization failure, genetic issues with the embryo and failed implantation
The first step in dealing with IVF failure is to understand what is needed for a successful IVF ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As it turns out, there isn't just one cause. There are several. Here are some of the most common causes of IVF failure:
1.Genetically abnormal eggs often cause IVF failure. Eggs with genetic abnormalities are more common in older women of reproductive age, and they
result in genetically abnormal embryos that cannot grow into healthy babies.
2.Fertilization failure, a less common cause of IVF failure, occurs when the sperm is unable to penetrate and fertilize the egg.
3.Failed implantation can cause IVF failure, even with a genetically normal embryo. It's important that the endometrial lining of the uterus is in sync
with when eggs are released. If a woman experiences premature ovulation, her eggs are released when her uterus isn't ready for them, causing IVF
failure.
4.The skill of fertility doctors and embryologists can impact the success of an IVF cycle. An IVF cycle can still fail under the supervision of even
the most skilled doctors and embryologists. However, an IVF cycle is more likely to be successful under the supervisor of fertility doctors who are
highly skilled with egg retrieval and embryo transfer as well as fertility specialists who understand embryo selection. How Ovation Fertilityв„ў
Manages IVF
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Louisiana Fertility Centers Case Study
Meta DescriptionOur Louisiana fertility centers offer andrology services to diagnose the complex causes of male infertility. Diagnosis is the first step
towards treatment.
CommentsDoes Fertility Answers perform semen culture?
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Semen Analysis
Our Louisiana fertility centers offer a full–service andrology lab to perform semen analysis
The fertility specialists at Fertility Answers share the insight that female infertility isn't always the cause of a couple's infertility. In fact, male infertility
contributes to 40% of infertility cases. For this reason, our Louisiana fertility centers have a full–service andrology lab, which can perform male fertility
testing such as semen analysis.
The initial screening for male infertility involves taking a medical history and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Volume, how much semen you ejaculate.
If your medical history or semen analysis reveal abnormalities, your physician may recommend fertility treatment
Depending on what your semen analysis reveals, the physicians at our Louisiana fertility centers may recommend IUI or IVF with ICSI,
intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Your physician may also recommend additional tests to pinpoint the exact cause of your male infertility.
Antisperm antibody testing looks for antibodies that bind to sperm and reduce fertility.
Biochemical analysis of semen measures chemicals in the semen such as fructose.
Peroxidase staining is used to distinguish immature sperm from white blood cells which may indicate infection.
Semen culture screens for bacteria responsible for genital infections.
Semen fructose checks for the presence of fructose in the semen. If there is an absence of fructose, then the vas deferens are blocked or the seminal

vesicles are missing.
Vital staining of sperm determines the number of living and dead sperm in a

Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Blessing
As science and technology advance, new ways of life become easier and can be found at any individual's fingertips. Reproductive technology is a
broad topic, which can be broken down into using any type of technology to treat infertility. Couples who are, in fact, unable to have children turn to
the form of technology to assist in producing offspring. There are many procedures that can be done to treat and give women a chance to conceive a
child. Women seekingpregnancy use, according to Reproductive Technology and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Blessing? Curse? Both? : In
Vitro Fertilization (IVF), In Vitro Maturation (IVM), Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), Intracytoplasmic Sperm
Injection (ICSI), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a variety of issues with the process of artificially creating a fetus. The most popular procedure, IVF, is a process where sperm and egg are
fertilized outside of the body and then injected back into the woman. At the beginning of the IVF process, there is precautionary medicine which needs
to be taken to balance the hormone levels needed to conceive a child. "There are other health concerns as well. According to Our Bodies Ourselves,
one quarter of women who inject fertility drugs – a necessary part of ART treatment– experience Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome which causes
the ovaries to temporarily swell and become painful" (Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Blessing? Curse? Both?). Although this is a temporary
syndrome, researchers are still unsure of the long–term health effects that can arise from ART processes. For example, the article Assisted
Reproductive Technologies: Blessing? Curse? Both? represents how reproductive technologies are having favorable and inauspicious effects on
women's/fetus health, as well as explains that couples that use ICSI technology seem to put the fetus at a very high risk of developing autism and
delayed developmental function in multiple cases. There is no guarantee in a fully healthy baby, so why risk using hazardous scientific

Klinefelter Syndrome Analysis
After karyotyping through amniocentesis, our team of obstetricians and cytogeneticists have identified a non–disjunction. This was done through
taking a sample of amniotic fluid containing fetal skin cells and placing it in a laboratory dish with chemicals and hormones to allow the cells to
divide rapidly. After a week, we applied colcemid, a drug that stops mitosis at the metaphase stage. Various other chemicals were then applied to
swell the cells at the metaphase stage of mitosis and the cell was placed in a microscope slide to dry. Gimesya dye was then applied to identify the
different chromosomes in the cell and a picture of the stained chromosomes was taken. The chromosomes were arranged by size, which were then
analyzed. After analysis, it appears that the unborn child is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These treatments are more effective if the symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome are diagnosed early. Testosterone therapy is available in patches, gels, and
injections to deepen the voice, improve muscle mass, and improve the growth of facial and pubic hair of individuals with Klinefelter syndrome. To
counter infertility in individuals with the condition, in vitro fertilization methods such as testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm
injection is available. During this procedure, a surgeon would take sperm from the individual's testes and places a sperm in an egg on a laboratory
dish. Depending on the individual, a doctor may recommend mastectomy, a procedure to reduce or remove enlarged breasts of Klinefelter syndrome
patients. In addition, physiotherapists can help patients with Klinefelter syndrome improve muscle tone, strengthen bones, and improve their motor
and coordination skills. An individualized education plan (IEP) can also be created in elementary and secondary schools to define and help students
with Klinefelter syndrome reach academic and social goals at

Vitro Fertilization ( Ivf ) Essay
Have you ever heard of an "in vitro fertilization (IVF)"? Well, the term "in vitro" is Latin for "in glass" .With IVF treatment, the egg is fertilized
with sperm in a petri dish. Typically, many eggs are retrieved from the biological mother (who may or may not be the intended parent), as not every
egg will fertilize, and not every fertilized egg will become a viable embryo. A few days after fertilization, the best embryo or embryos are
transferred to the mothers or surrogate's uterus via a catheter through cervix. Any extra embryos may be cryopreserved (cooling them below the
freezing point of water) for future cycles. This method was pioneered by Robert G. Edwards, a retired Professor of Human Reproduction at
Cambridge University, was heralded as the Creator of Modern Reproductive Medicine. He paired with Patrick Steptoe, a practicing Gynecologist at
Oldam General Hospital who pioneered the use of laparoscopy (a surgical procedure in which a fiber–optic instrument is inserted through the
abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure) in gynecology. Their collaboration started in 1968 when Edwards
attended a lecture that Steptoe gave on laparoscopy at the Royal Society of Medicine in London. Both achieved gracefully in fertilization and cell
division of eggs in vitro in a petri dish with freshly extracted semen, but were unable to successfully implant the fertilized egg into the female uterus
until 1978. They manipulated hormone levels in

Functions Of A Cilia Of Cilia And Contractile And Motor...
The various known functions of a cilia are to circulate fluids, move eggs into the oviduct, line air passages to sweep out mucus that contain bacteria,
and many more (Erster Lecture 6). Cilia are about 2–20 um long, and they are extensions of cells that perform in locomotion (Campbell pg. 12). They
can be found in multiple eukaryotes such as Paramecium (which are found in pond water) to humans. In the single–celled organism, Paramecium, the
cilia helps propel it through the water. As for humans, the cells in the our windpipes are lined up with cilia and they prevent the lungs from bacteria
by sweeping a film of debris–trapping mucus upward (Campbell pg. 12). Various proteins within the body has they own function, and the contractile
and motor proteins are responsible for the movements of cilia and flagella (Campbell pg. 76). CIlia must be motile in order for them to perform their
functions, thus when the cilia are immotile, a syndrome known as Kartagener 's develops through the rare genetic disorder of the immotile cilia. Since
cilia deals with motion, when males are afflicted with Kartagener's syndrome they become sterile from the immotile sperm, and they often also suffer
from lung infections (Campbell pg. 118). However, this syndrome can also affect females. It can lead to infections at the nasal sinuses and bronchi for
both genders. An interesting effect of Kartagener 's is situs inversus, which is the "reversal of the normal left–right asymmetry of the organs in the

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Klinefelter Syndrome
My brother Jett Balanay was diagnosed with Klinefelter Syndrome. Klinefelter Syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra
X chromosome. Instead of the normal forty–six X,Y chromosome of a male, Jett has forty–seven chromosomes which are X,X and Y. In my previous
research I provided information about Klinefelter Syndrome, the signs and symptoms, the history of Klinefelter Syndrome, and a list of health care
providers that are available to help treat males with Klinefelter Syndrome. This paper will provide detailed information about the three major facets
when addressing treatment for males with Klinefelter Syndrome. The three major facets are hypogonadism "diminished hormonal or reproductive
functioning in the testes or the ovaries," gynecomastia "abnormal enlargement of the breast in a male," and psychosocial problems "of or relating to the
interaction between social and psychological factors" (Dictionary, 2015) One of the symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome is infertility. Infertility is "The
persistent inability to achieve conception and produce an offspring" (Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002). There are many options when it comes to
treating infertility or hypogonadism, one of the options for treating hypogonadism is seeking treatment from a reproductive endocrinologist and
infertility physician. Research states that males with Klinefelter Syndrome were considered infertile until the year 1996. Fifty percent of males with
Klinefelter Syndrome

Infertility Treatment Essay
4 Types Of Infertility Treatment
Diagnosis is the first step in the road to infertility treatment. Both parties have to be examined physically and tested to pinpoint why they are unable to
conceive. Once the cause(s) of the infertility has been identified, there are 4 typical infertility treatments which include, structural treatment, hormone
therapy, technologies for artiп¬Ѓcial reproduction and possibly alternative therapies.
Structural Treatments
These are often the simplest to resolve. The treatment for structural infertility often requires some kind of surgery to fix any blockages or irregularities
in the reproductive system of either partner.
Hormone Therapy
There are two objectives in hormone therapy. Objective number one is to stimulate ovulation or production ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The technologies have a number of differences. With artiп¬Ѓcial insemination, the man's or a donor's sperm could be used. Invitro fertilization might
use the woman's egg along with man's sperm, or possibly one or two donors. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may consist of biopsy at a cellular level
or genetic analysis which could be augmented by assisted hatching.
These terms might not be familiar and the procedures are complex. When using ART for infertility treatment, there are a number of options.
ART is usually the most controversial of the infertility treatments and each procedure faces moral and ethical issues. Coples will have to deal with
these issues and figure out if it is the right approach for them. There is often no single "right" solution.
Alternative Therapies
Alternative therapies are becoming increasingly popular in the fertility treatment sector. Even naysayers are believing that fertility can be improved
with the use of yoga, acupuncture and massage. A number of fertility clinics include massage and acupuncture in their infertility

Fertility Treatment Research Paper
Using Fertility Treatments as a Solution to Infertility Making big choices in life can be difficult, especially if that big choice is having children. There
are many men and women who are infertile that still want to have children. Most decide to adopt other children who do not have families or their
families do not want them. But when adoption is not an option, there is now a way where those men and women can have their own children together
through fertility treatments. Fertility treatments could be a good thing:being able to freeze egg and sperm, they can help infertile couples, and avoiding
transmitted diseases would be easier.
Egg Freezing The more popular and developing method of treatment is egg freezing. During this procedure they take an embryo and freeze it for a
month before they place it in a uterus to be later fertilized (Maher). This method was first used for cancer patients. Cancer treatments, like
chemotherapy, can damage the ovaries and make it almost impossible for chemo patients to reproduce. Doctors do this procedure by taking an ovary,
from the patient before they start their cancer treatments, and slicing it into strips before they freeze it (Though Experimental, Ovarian Tissue
Transplants Can Help Some Women Have Children)(see figure 1).
Dr. Claus Yding Andersen, an ovarian... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Embryonic tissue that was removed is first tested for genetic abnormalities. This is done so that the healthiest embryos are frozen and implanted. Dr.
Timothy Yeko, a medical director of theassisted reproductive technology program at the Reproductive Medicine Group in Tampa, talked about the
genetic testing, " Most of our patients now choose to have this genetic testing, which has come into widespread use in the past year or so. By doing
this , the miscarriage rate has dropped by 50 percent because the genetically abnormal embryos are the ones that end in miscarriage."

Is Ivf A Process? Ivf? Vitro Fertilization? ( Vitro Ivf...
By Kobe Montgomery Introduction Do when finished the rest IVF What is IVF? (In vitro fertilization) In vitro fertilization means fertilization
outside of the body. IVF is often used for many different reasons normally because a couple are unable to conceive naturally. IVF is a process where
doctors give a woman medication so that she will produce multiple eggs and once those eggs have matured they are then remove from the woman's
uterus to then be fertilized in a lab where they inject the eggs with sperm and 3–5 days later they are implanted back as embryos. History of IVF The
procedure Step 1 – Egg collection The First step in the IVF process is to obtain the eggs from the ovaries of the woman. They do this by giving the
woman injections of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone), this sets off several follicles (sacs that contain eggs in the ovaries) in to development. On
average there is around five to ten sacs but this can vary quite a bit Once enough if the follicles have developed they remove the eggs from the
ovaries by passing a needle through and into the fluid filled sacs that contain the eggs (follicles). This procedure is performed by a doctor while patient
is under light anaesthetic Step 2 – sperm preparation While the eggs are being collected the semen sample is being prepared there are different
preparation methods this is decided by the quality of the semen sample. The most common method is called a "density gradient preparation".

Genetic Engineering and Infertility
Children are the brightness of life. Children are what make many sad people happy. Children are the future. This world is full of these tiny,
energetic, innocent creatures. Most of the people have the chance to be a parent and have a child, but there are many that couldn't. These people
have problems. They are infertile people. These people wish to have kids. These people try so hard to fix their problems." One of four couples is
infertile or dealing with infertility problems in developing countries, and one third to one half of these cases result from male infertility"( Ethics for
gene therapy). Blood test is what is used for measuring several factors that affect infertility (Salk Study). The question becomes can theses infertile
people be parents? Based on many studies infertility can now be cured by gene therapy.
There are many causes for male and female to be infertile. Infertility in men is when they are unable to produce sperm." The key that tells this man
is infertile is changing in hair growth." ( Web Med) "For male infertility there are many causes. There are three factors: genetic defects, hormonal
imbalances, and anatomical problems. 90% of male infertility cases are due to low sperm count and poor sperm quality or both. Men who live a
healthy life style are more likely to produce a healthy sperm. Smoking, alcohol, tight underwear, and stress are causes of infertility too. There is a
small percentage of male infertility cause by hormonal problems. There also can

Male Infertility: Austin Fertility Center
Page TitleMale Infertility
Meta DescriptionInfertility isn't just a woman's problem. The team at our Austin fertility center explains the basics of male infertility.
Meta TitleMale Infertility – Austin Fertility Center
CommentsRewrite of http://txfertility.com/male–infertility/
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Male Infertility
Learn the basics of male infertility
Millions of couples face fertility struggles, and contrary to popular belief, it isn't just a woman's problem. Male infertility is a factor in approximately
40% of cases. The team at our Austin fertility center realizes that this may be surprising. We also know how devastating a diagnosis of male infertility
can seem to hopeful parents. However, the reproductive endocrinologists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The treatment your physician recommends will depend on the cause of your azoospermia.
If your azoospermia is caused by an obstruction, an experienced urologist can remove it. The more recent your blockage, the more likely that surgery
will successfully treat it. For example, if you've had a blockage for less than three years, the chance of restoring your sperm flow is 97%.
Other options for men who do not have a blockage, but have been diagnosed with azoospermia include micro surgical epididymal aspiration (MESA)
and testicular epididymal sperm extraction (TESE).
During these procedures our Austin male fertility experts obtain sperm by making an incision in the scrotum and aspirating fluid from the tubules that
come off the testicles or directly from the testicles. The sperm that your physician obtains from these procedures can be used in conjunction with in
vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to achieve pregnancy.
If no sperm is obtained from these procedures, donor sperm provides another way for hopeful parents to welcome a baby into their

The Human Genome Project : Hiv Cocktails, Stem Cell...
The 21st century is said to be the best time to be human and to be alive compared to our history as people. We have seen the remarkable happen in
the past 10 years within medical advances such as the discoveries of the Human Genome Project, HIV Cocktails, Stem Cell Research, Cancer
Therapies and the list goes on. These medical advances have changed the face of humanity in all the right ways and our future generations have a
fighting chance to proceed and enjoy the lives that we have provided for them. One of the greatest medical advances which help thousands of families
every year is In–Vitro Fertilization or commonly known as IVF. IVF in itself is the procedure of fertilization where an egg and sperm is combined in
a laboratory by a doctor then is proceeded to be transferred into a woman's uterus. In the cycle of pregnancy, the male normally ejaculates into a woman
which then leads to the male's sperm enter the woman's egg then it would then become fertilized. An issue that many women face is becoming
pregnant naturally due to complications in the body or something as simple as age. According to the ARM (American for Reproductive Medicine),
about 1% of infants across the U.S. have been conceived through the help of IVF.
The concept of IVF was brought to light in the late 1970's by Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe. The first test–tube baby was born on July 25th, 1978
and her named was Louise Brown. Her parents tried for almost 9 years to have a baby before

In Vitro Fertilization Thesis
Imagine having the one thing you want, taken away from you. This is the reality for 7 million women. These women who may want to carry a
child of their own, are infertile. No matter what they do, they cannot seem to conceive a child. Until these women discover the magic of in vitro
fertilization. IVF is a reproductive technology that is designed to aid women and couples with the conception of a baby. This technology is great,
and simple to grasp, "[d]uring in vitro fertilization (IVF), eggs and sperm are brought together in a laboratory glass dish to allow the sperm to
fertilize an egg." (WebMD) Couples who originally could not, but wanted to give the gift of life, now can. However, with all of the great IVF can
produce, people still disagree... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, obviously this does not apply to every case, but in terms of personal feminine care, it does. The government needs to stay out of abortion, in vitro
fertilization, birth control and anything else that has to do with the reproductive system of a female. It is a violation of basic human rights. When
speaking about why the government should stay out of IVF in specific, it is a great time to bring up doctor–patient privileges. A patient always has the
right to his/her privacy, and this is stated in the law. Physician–patient privilege is a short term to describe the confidentiality that a patient has when
speaking to their doctor (What is Physician–Patient Privilege and Why is it Important). This is highly important, because with the government
uninvolved in a person's own anatomy, they seem to feel more comfortable. Weird. This law is important and, "the reasoning behind the rule is to
ensure that a patient feels comfortable," (What is Physician–Patient Privilege and Why is it Important). This is highly important when speaking about
keeping the government out of the doctors office, because when a patient feels like they have the government looking down their back they are not
prone to do what is right for

Advantages And Disadvantages For Ivf
IVF
1INTRODUCTORY
2PROCESS OF IVF
There are actually different treatments for IVF and in this part, we will focus on Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
For Women
1.Take fertility drugs to stimulate ovaries to produce more eggs
2.Collect eggs
3.Inject each egg with a single sperm from your partner or donor
4.Apply single embryo transfer
For Men
1.Collect sperm
2.Examine sperm to see whether ICSI would increase of chance of pregnancy
3.A) If the sperm can increase the chance of pregnancy, fresh sperm will be collected on the same day as the egg.
B) If the male's sperm cannot increase the chance a) Collect sperm from epididymis, known as 'percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration' or PESA.
b) Collect sperm from testicles, known as 'testicular sperm aspiration' or TESA. c) Take a small quantities of testicular tissue from sperm which can
be collected, known as 'testicular sperm extraction' or TESE d) If the male has stored sperm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chances of having multiple birth will increase from the fertility drugs, it also increase the risk of having premature babies or babies with low birth
weight etc. IVF treatment can also be expensive, it is around USD$13000 per treatment. Women need to take medication and blood test before the
treatment, they often has to take more than 1 cycle of IVF treatment, which sometimes women thinks it is highly emotive and stressful for their family
finance and they end up in emotional/psychological toll. As women age, the success rate of pregnancy and birth decreases, from 46.7 and 40.7 at the
age lower than 35, to 8.6 and 3.9 at the age higher than

Klinefelter Syndrome Research Paper
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome is a
common genetic condition affecting only males. It mostly affects testicular growth, and this can result in smaller than normal testicles. This can lead to
lower production of the sex hormone testosterone. Klinefelter syndrome may also cause reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and
enlarged breast tissue. The effects of Klinefelter syndrome affect every person differently, and not everyone with it develops the same signs and
symptoms. Klinefelter syndrome often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. Most men with Klinefelter syndrome produce little or no sperm. But assisted
reproductive procedures... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Starting at the time of the usual onset of puberty, testosterone replacement can help treat or prevent a number of problems. Testosterone may be
given as an injection or with a gel or patch on the skin. The therapy allows a boy to undergo the body changes that normally occur at puberty, such
as developing a deeper voice, growing facial and body hair, and increasing muscle mass and penis size. It can also improve bone density and reduce
the risk of fractures. It will not result in testicle enlargement or improve infertility. Breast tissue removal in males who develop enlarged breasts
(gynecomastia), excess breast tissue can be removed by a plastic surgeon, leaving a more normal–looking chest. Speech and physical therapy treatments
can help boys with Klinefelter syndrome overcome problems with speech, language and muscle weakness. Educational support is very important with
boys who have Klinefelter syndrome. They usually have trouble learning and can benefit from extra assistance. Parents should talk to their child's
teacher, school counselor or school nurse about what kind of support might help. Most men with Klinefelter syndrome are unable to father children,
because no sperm are produced in the testicles. Some men with Klinefelter syndrome may have some minimal sperm production. One option that may
benefit men with

Risks Involved With Vitro Fertilisation Essay
Focus questions;
What are some disadvantages or risks involved with in–vitro fertilisation?вЂЁUnfortunately with the procedure of In–Vitro fertilisation success is not
guaranteed, in fact less than 50% of procedures ultimately result in pregnancies. Obviously because it is an operative procedure there is always the
risk of infection and/or haemorrhage. Another risk associated with IVF is OHHS or Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome: This is when the ovaries
are stimulated through the use of medications to make multiple eggs in which your ovaries can become swollen and painful. The use of frozen
embryos during IVF, however, may slightly increase the risk of miscarriage. About 2 to 5 percent of women who use IVF may experience an ectopic
pregnancy; This is when the fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. The fertilised egg can't survive outside the uterus, and
there 's no way to continue the pregnancy. Although not considered a risk the use of IVF can be financially, physically and emotionally draining. The
emotional stress will negatively effect your physical health, and cause strains on your relationships.
Why isn 't IVF available to everyone? What are the costs involved?вЂЁThe following fees are associated with fertility treatment:
Consultations with your fertility specialist (including initial and follow up)
Any investigations or tests you may require (e.g. semen analysis or AMH testing)
Fertility treatment, and the medications involved

Infertility And The Fertility Related Issues
For couples unable to conceive naturally who decide that adoption is not an option for them at this time or alternatively for their particular situation,
the first step in the process to treat infertility is attempting to diagnosis the source of the infertility. In order to do this, both partners undergo a series of
preliminary diagnostic tests and procedures to determine if either the male or female have any of the fertility related issues. Infertility by definition is
not being able to conceive after one year of trying with unprotected sex. Trying to conceive not only affects the women but also the man can have
some type of issues that can affect the couple ability to become pregnant. Infertility has become a growing issues for couples. According to CDC
About 6% of married women 15–44 years of age in the United States are unable to get pregnant after one year of unprotected sex (infertility). Also,
about 12% of women 15–44 years of age in the United States have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term, regardless of marital
status called impaired fecundity. (http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility)
In order for a couple to become pregnant she must release an egg from one of her ovaries and a male sperm must join the egg. After the two meet the
fertilized egg must travel through a fallopian tube and attach itself to a women uterus. When this process does not happen the infertility doctor will
begin to proceed with a semen analysis on the male

Stages of In Vitro Ferlization Essay
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a procedure in which an egg (oocyte) from a woman's ovaries is removed and separately fertilized with male sperm in a
laboratory before being implanted into the woman's fallopian tubes. 1 2 The first stage of IVF is called superovulation. Follicles are structures within
which the oocyte develops, in order to retrieve multiple follicles several hormone and drug combinations are administered. Consequently, the ovary
stops function and allows the follicles to ripen at the same time when stimulated therefore providing an increased number of eggs to harvest. Follicles
are considered mature after 8 to 9 days and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is administered which enables the final maturation of the oocytes.3...
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9 The risk of birth effects of single born IVF children are relatively small as it is 1–2% greater than naturally conceived single born children. 6 IVF
technologies have allowed screening of the embryo for genetic diseases and gender before implantation. Subsequently, couples have undergone IVF to
specifically choose the preferred gender, and only have said embryos implanted. This is considered morally inappropriate if the gender selection is for
non–medical reasons, such as a gender which is not susceptible to a particular genetic disease. Sex selection could result in further distortion of the
male to female ratio where there is substantial preference over a gender. Currently, the male to female ratio in China, and some parts of India, is 1:2.
10 Controversy over the use of IVF is prevalent, particularly within the Roman Catholic Church who opposes IVF, egg donation and surrogacy as
they view it as unnatural. 11 Discussion The IVF procedure is advantageous to the user as it allows them to conceive a child. This allows couples who
are infertile, have fertility problems or unable to conceive naturally to have a child with their genetic make–up or from donor eggs.

Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects male's physical and cognitive development. Males with Klinefelter syndrome don't
know they have it, so they lead normal lives. Klinefelter syndrome occurs in about 1 to 1000 males. The cause of Klinefelter syndrome is the presence
of an extra X chromosome in males often occurs when the genetic material in the egg splits unevenly, but it also can happen when the genetic material
in the sperm splits unevenly. Men with Klinefelter syndrome don't have obvious symptoms. Others may have sparse body hair, enlarged breast, and
wide hips. Almost all men their testicles remain small. Their voices may not be as deep and they cannot father children. The main tests used to
diagnose Klinefelter

Infertility: Fertility In The United States
Approximately 7.3 million Americans are infertile during their reproductive years. That number places about one out of ten American couples
diagnosed with fertility problems. Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after regular unprotected sex or a female who cannot carry a pregnancy
full term. Numerous risk factors are contributed to infertility. The most common factor we think of when it comes to infertility is hormonal imbalance.
Hormonal imbalance is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles or short, long, or heavy periods. The lack of ovulation, the releasing of eggs from
an ovary, is a factor in hormonal imbalance. Another common health factor that can affectfertility is being overweight or being underweight. Body fat
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On average the cost of artificial insemination is about $865. While being the most commonly used method, the success rate depends purely on the
woman's age and the quality of the man's sperm. Generally, the chance of conception per cycle is 15–20%, with a 60–70% chance of pregnancy after six
cycles. Due to so many fertility drugs, there is a very wide cost depending on whether the drug is a pill or an injectable. The cost can vary between $60
to $6,000 per cycle. The success rate of the pill is 40–45% while the injectable is 50%. Although the success rate of the in vitro fertilisation varies on
the age of the woman, the cost on average per cycle is $8,000. The price of IVF alone does not include the additional prices of medication that are
suggested to take during the cycle. While the chances of fertility choosing the zygote intrafallopian transfer method are again depending on age and
health, 36% of couples become pregnant with only 29% going on to deliver. The cost of the ZIFT for one cycle is anywhere between $8,000 and

The And Of Vitro Fertilization
People all around the world are different and unique in many different ways. Some people are blessed with blue eyes or brown eyes, some people
are tall, and some are short. Everyone is clearly different in their own way. Just as some people are born differently than others. More and more people
everyday are becoming pregnant through the process of in–vitro fertilization. What is in–vitro fertilization? In–vitro fertilization is a complex series of
procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. In–vitro fertilization is slowly yet surely becoming a
more and more popular way of conceiving a child; however, it is not always easily available to potential parents. Many people have become ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By this Davis means that they have gone further in their studies than ever before and are learning more and more about this fertilization process in
order to perfect the procedure. As they continue to make more discoveries in human science, the studies of in–vitro fertilization will become even more
advanced. Not only making this treatment extremely safe for all patients but as well as extremely successful. New studies on in–vitro fertilization will
begin making the process even more safe and successful for all potential clients.
In order to express how new this treatment truly is here is a little history on in–vitro fertilization. The first successful in–vitro fertilized baby was born
at Oldham General Hospital in 1978. That was only thirty eight years ago today. Louis Brown, the first, "IVF baby" was born to Lesley and John
Brown on July 25, 1978. Louis Brown grew up as a normal child and has now grown to be a healthy 38 year old woman living a perfectly normal life.
This just signifies the fact that although in–vitro fertilization is a fairly new discovery it in fact has been successful and safe. Hence the fact that the
first in–vitro fertilized baby is still alive and healthy today, growing a happy and healthy family of her own.
In order to better understand how in–vitro fertilization works here are a few steps that were put in the New York Times paper after interviewing
doctors' and

The Effects Of Hormones On The Body
Especially in this present time and an increase in technology, people are unknowingly exposing themselves to harmful mutagens and agents that can
cause a variety of health problems. This has become an increasing problem regarding reproductive health in men and women. Xenoestrogens are
synthetic chemicals that mimic estrogen in the body. (Fertility–Health.com, 2008–2015). What is interesting about estrogen in the body is that it is
present in the male and female body, but usually only associated with female hormones. Xenoestrogens disrupt hormone regulation causing a variety of
health problems. It is even starting to be found in babies at birth, proving that there are outside sources of this agent getting into our bodies and causing
harm (Fertility–Health.com, 2008–2015). In men, an overload of estrogen, produced in excess because of the presence of xenoestrogens, can cause
infertility by a low sperm count and erectile dysfunction. Not only can it cause infertility, but it can also cause an enlargement of the prostate and even
prostate cancer. The extra hormone production can also cause female–like breast growth (Fertility–Health.com, 2008–2015). Xenoestrogens are
especially dangerous for men because it is not expected and causes completely unnatural effects, but that also makes for easier detection. In women,
xenoestrogen causes "ovulation disorders, ovarian cysts, breast cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis" (Fertility–Health.com,
2008–2015). Breast

WhatВґs Xyy Syndrome?
XYY Syndrome XYY Syndrome is a condition where a male has an extra Y chromosome in his genes. This can be known as "Jacob's Syndrome,
XYY Karyotype or YY Syndrome". Having this condition does not mean that an individual life would have a massive impact although there are
some factors that may cause issue such as being taller than an average height person of the specific age, learning difficulties, speech problems, minor
physical differences such as weaker muscles and bones. The condition can cause delayed puberty, which is why when a male is older he could fact
fertility issues, and complications related to low testosterone levels. Saying this, XYY Syndrome does generally distinctive physical features or
complications and have a normal sexual

Meta Review Papers
Meta DescriptionDr. Mitchel Schiewe, Ovation Fertilityв„ў Newport Beach laboratory director, reviews the development of assisted reproductive
technologies in his latest paper.
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Ovation Fertilityв„ў Newport Beach laboratory director discusses development of assisted reproductive technologies in latest paper
Mitchel C. Schiewe, PhD, Ovation Fertilityв„ў Newport Beach Laboratory Director, has recently published a review paper about the development of
various assisted reproductive technologies, or ART. Specifically, Dr. Schiewe reviews four technologies.
(1)Genetic testing of preimplantation embryos
(2)Vitrification
(3)Lasers in ART
(4)Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
According to Dr. Schiewe, "The purpose of this review paper is to discuss four key scientific breakthrough technologies occurring between 1985 and
1995, which ultimately ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dr. Schiewe hopes that his paper demonstrates "the value of understanding scientific discovery timetables" and the importance of "creative vision,
determination and dedicated efforts of scientists with a passion to ask questions, take chances and learn through experimentation."
If you'd like to read the entirety of Dr. Schiewe's review paper, you can find it published in Journal of Fertilization: In Vitro– IVF–Worldwide,
Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology.
About Dr. Mitchel Schiewe
Dr. Schiewe is the high complexity lab director at Ovagen Fertility Newport Beach and the scientific laboratory director at California Cryobank. Over
the last three decades, he has helped IVF labs worldwide protect and transfer embryos in the blastocyst stage and improve pregnancy rates. Dr.

Schiewe has published over 35 peer–reviewed papers and 70 abstracts. He also serves as a journal reviewer for Fertility and Sterility and
Theriogenology. For more information about Dr. Schiewe and his work, please visit

Infertility Stigma
Gush out infertility stigma and meet us to fulfill your cradle dream Female Infertility is a condition where a woman is not able to become pregnant.
Continuous miscarriages are also called infertility. This condition becomes a social stigma. There are number of causes for female infertility such as
Endometriosis Uterine fibroids Malnutrition Excessive exercising Pelvic inflammatory diseases Tumor in ovary Hormonal Imbalance Issues in the
cervix Failing in the implantation embryo in the uterine cavity Production of delicate eggs Unexplained infertility (no exact cause is found in such
cases) Here below is given the core female infertility treatments: "Female Evaluation" is the method of knowing a woman's following details:

In Vitro Fertilization
Topic: In Vitro fertilization
General purpose: To inform
Specific purpose: To inform the audience about the process of in vitro fertilization and its benefits.
Thesis statement: In Vitro fertilization is a method whereby people experiencing fertility issues and trouble conceiving children the conventional way
may become parents.
Organizational pattern: Chronological
Introduction: Many people take pregnancy for granted. Most couples assume that when they begin trying to start a family, success is guaranteed. Of
course this is true for many couples, but did you know that according to the Center for Disease Control, 15 percent of American couples will fail to
conceive after one year of trying? There are many medical issues ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During recovery egg count and further instructions are given.
B. Eggs are placed in incubator for several hours to rest.
C. Secure the sperm. During egg retrieval your donor/husband will provide a sperm sample.
1. Manually extracted through masturbation into a specimen cup.
2. Mechanically extracted by an urologist through testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) done by putting a needle in the testicle and removing sperm cells
(nisl.com)
D. Sperm is washed, examined and good separated from bad.
IV. Fertilization
A. Normally, a petri dish is used and the eggs and sperm are combined together in the laboratory and provided with the appropriate environment for
fertilization.
B. When sperm count is low, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is used. ICSI is the process by which a single sperm is manually inserted into an egg
using a pipette and a needle. ICSI has been available since 1993. (Stanfordivf.org, 2012)

C. The day after fertilization, the IVF clinic calls with the report of how many eggs fertilized normally. The more eggs that fertilize, the better your
chances of pregnancy are.
D. Once fertilization is successful the egg becomes an embryo and begins to divide. 1. The embryo divides into two cells, then into four which
generally takes 36–48 hours. (Stanfordivf.org, 2013) 2. If all goes well, embryo(s) that have continued to divide will form into a blastocyst which is the
stage right before implantation would occur in the uterus.
E. On

Sex Preselection Essay
Sex Preselection
For many years, mankind has wondered how to choose the sex of a child before its birth for which countless myths, folk remedies, and magic potions
have been offered as a solution. None of these methods were based on scientific evidence. However, in recent years gender selection has been made
possible through advances such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis using biopsy methods combined with in vitro fertilization and sperm separation
using flow cytometry techniques (Reubinoff, 1996, p. 344). These methods can increase the likelihood of producing a child of the desired sex,
although none can guarantee success. The fact that the procedure can be fairly simple and inexpensive may cause medical practices to notice ... Show
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Although it has been argued that the FISH technique is acceptable when the embryo is homogenous, but remains questionable when it is heterogenous
(Coonen, 1996, p.134).
Another technique used in sex preselection is called MicroSort. "Utilizing new flow cytometric separation technology, the X or Y chromosome
–bearing sperm can be sorted and the enriched fraction of sorted sperm can be used for medical insemination (intrauterine insemination), in vitro
fertilization, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection." (Genetics & IVF Institute, 1998) Normally, semen specimens contain an equal amount of X– and
Y–bearing sperm. If either of the two can be increased, so can the chances of conceiving a child of that sex. This method is currently somewhat
more successful for parents choosing to have a girl. It is expected to be five to six times more likely to have a female child, while on the other hand,
the chances of a boy are only increased to 2: 1. Obviously, this does not result in the complete elimination of either X or Y chromosome–bearing
sperm in the final sperm preparation. This sorting technique has resulted in over four hundred offspring of various species as well as the recent births
in humans. (Genetics & IVF Institute, 1998). The first people to use this technique were looking to avoid a deadly disease called hydrocephalus,
which almost always effects boys. A healthy baby girl was born to the couple in August of

Assisted Reproduction Technologies Pros And Cons
As the years, have progressed, the sensation for science has increased, as well as the aspiration for technology. Because of this, many new ideas and
innovation have been brought to us, such as the development of ART, Assisted Reproductive Technology. The use of Assisted Reproductive
Technologies has been brought to allow pregnancies to be effectuated when the natural way is not option. The interest for unnaturalpregnancy began in
the early 1800s when John Hunter, a Scottish surgeon inseminated a woman with her husband's sperm. Due to this incidence, later in the late 1800s,
the idea for sperm donation sprouted. From there on, the curiosity for other ways to succeed in unnatural pregnancies devolved rapidly. One of these
ways was the In Vitro ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Frank H. Pierek 340). During the research, it was concluded that over 1500 of the interfiled men had become accessible to a form of Assisted
Reproductive Technologies. In addition, over 60% of them, their problem of their infertility was revealed, and better treatment which was focused on
their own specific situation specifically was given. Additionally, for the other percentage of men, a "rational andrological treatment" was given. Over
all, the data was able to prove that different types of Assisted Reproductive Technologies can allow for people to have a better understanding of what
is occurring in their bodies before going through a procedure, rather than only believing that ART could just be

Meta Description Observation Ivf
Meta DescriptionOvation Fertilityв„ў partner physicians offer intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI, to treat male infertility caused by little or no
sperm in the semen.
CommentsThe highlighted link will go the Ovation Fertility page about IVF.
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI, offers treatment for male infertility
If you are struggling to get pregnant due to male infertility, then your physician might recommend ICSI. Ovation Fertilityв„ў partner physicians often
use this assisted reproductive technology to treat severe male infertility, such as when there is little to no sperm present in the ejaculated semen.
ICSI is used as a part of in vitro fertilization, IVF, to enhance the fertilization phase
During ICSI, an embryologist will inject a single sperm into an egg obtained through IVF. The hope is that the sperm will then fertilize the egg and
the fertilized egg will then be able to be placed into a woman's uterus. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in some cases, the sperm must be surgically removed from a man's testicle. This becomes necessary when a man has a problem with sperm
development or when he has a blockage that prevent sperm ejaculation.
If a man has little or no sperm in his sperm, and the problem is not caused by a blockage, a physician will often recommend genetic screening before
starting ICSI. This screening is to rule out any genetic problems that could be passed onto future children.
ICSI is a delicate process that involves 5 steps to help the sperm fertilize an egg
1.The embryologist hold the egg in place using a

Case Study About Texas Fertility Center
INSIDE A: 157 About Texas Fertility Center– Parenthood is Possible At TFC, we believe that most issues with infertility can be solved with today's
treatment options. The Texas Fertility Center family of physicians, nurses and embryologists welcomes you to our practice, and we are devoted to
your successful outcome. Our confidence is rooted in experience. Texas Fertility Center doctors have treated individuals and couples in Central
Texas since 1981. With over 100 years of combined experience, our fertility specialists have helped bring over 16,000 babies into the world. For over
30 years, TFC has stood for excellence in reproductive medicine The foundation of our practice is built on patient– centric care, innovative and

Infertility Lab Report
Overview–
Infertility showing a rising trend and it can be due to multiple factors(Male/female/combined) and in some cases its unexplained.Based on the etiology
varies the kind of treatment recommended to the couple.What we follow in our clinical practice is the individualized evidence based treatment
approach which follows a hierarchy of treatment supported by clinical, biochemical and sonological parameters.
In this chapter we will discuss different clinical conditions and how to approach and individualise treatment accordingly with supporting references.
Introduction–
пѓ Etiology of infertility varies from region to region and from one population to another and even from one locality to another within the same
population. Childlessness has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There has been a sea change in technique both in the clinic and the laboratory and an improvement in drug quality and mode of administration. Despite
these changes there is still an immense physical and emotional burden attached to treatment. The treatment involves daily injections, frequent
ultrasounds and blood tests and anaesthesia general or local, for oocyte retrieval. Among the complications the most terrifying one is OHSS which can
be life threatening.
пѓ Mild stimulation protocols resulted from a desire to make the procedure more safe and simple. The fact that there has been an immense
improvement in the IVF laboratory gave courage to the physician to aim for fewer eggs reducing the dose of gonadotrophins required and consequently
the cost and complications. Unfortunately the change was not universally accepted because the per cycle pregnancy rates are lower and the CPR
though projected to be similar takes many more cycles of stimulation since there are less embryos available for cryopreservation. The cost too though,
low per cycle ultimately levels out.
пѓ The social scenario is also changing with more and more older women coming for IVF.
Basics–
Lets talk basics first.Treatment offered to a couple in ART(assisted reproductive technique) can be–
Timed intercourse with Ovulation Induction(Fertile window utilization)
Intrauterine insemination(IUI)
Invitrofertilization(IVF)
Intracytoplasmic sperm

Klinefelter's Syndrome Research Paper
Klinefelter's syndrome is the most common genetic disorder found in men, an additional X chromosome giving the man a sex chromosomal pattern
XXY, is the main cause of this disorder. The most common characteristics that are present in the men diagnosed with Klinefelter's syndrome include,
"gynocomastia, small testes, and azoospermia" or infertility (Mailburg, 2012, p 253). Although infertility is the most common diagnosis for this
disorder, many of the men are not diagnosed until later in life, after they have failed to conceive, but with the help of intracytoplasmic sperm
injections (ICSI) men are able to conceive their own biological children. Intracytoplasmic sperm injections are used in addition with in vitro
fertilization, where a single sperm taken from the man is injected directly in the egg. There has been extensive research done on the best time to
retrieve the sperm from those with Klinefelter's syndrome and the possible problematic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common karyotype is the paternal 47,XXY which account for over three fourths of those with Klinefelter's syndrome, but there are a small
number of cases (10–20%) that have a "mosaic karyotype, 46,XY, 48,XXY or 48,XXYY." (Maiburg, 2012). It is believed that Klinefelter's syndrome
develops after sister chromatids fail to separate correctly or separate early during meiosis I, and this is thought to be the main cause of infertility
(Maiburg, 2012, pg 254). Males can inherit this from either their mother or their father, although the nondisjunction happens at different stages of
meiosis, if inherited from the mother it could have happened during meiosis I or II, whereas in the father it has to happen during meiosis I (Maiburg,
2012, p 254). Just like with other genetic disorder's age of the parents, particularly the mother, also play a sizeable role, in the development of
Klinefelter's

Brief Description Of Technology And Assisted Reproductive...
Brief description of technology
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to the technology used to assist human reproduction for individuals who are infertile (inability to
conceive after trying for at least 12 months). Assisted Reproductive Technologies are categorized as HardwareThere are a variety of assisted
reproductive technologies that are used to help couples reproduce:
In vitro fertilization (IVF) – this is fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most effective and the most common form of ART.
Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT) or tubal embryo transfer – this is similar to IVF. Fertilization occurs in the laboratory. The embryo is then
transferred to the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
Gamete intra ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Australia, approximately 3.1% of births are a result of Assisted Reproductive Technology. ARTs have evolved over the last three decades into a suite
of mainstream medical interventions that have resulted in the birth of more than 4.3 million children worldwide (2010). Scientific advancements
continue to emerge in the field of ART technologies, clinical practice and patient characteristics. ART has changed over the last three decades with the
development of technology such as complex ovarian hyper stimulation protocols and numerous variations to the typical IVF treatment cycle
Reproductive technology was developed in the biology and genetics of the embryo as it is now possible to test for chromosome and gene defects in the
embryo, prior to implantation. This technique is called preimplantation genetic testing or preimplantation genetic diagnosis and is when one or more
cells are removed from the embryo and analysed for chromosomal disorders or genetic diseases before embryo transfer. Therefore, assisted
reproductive technologies (ART) not only assist in conception but can also avoid the birth of a child with a disability or hereditary disease. While new
technologies continue to extend the available options for infertile couples, they also have the potential to help single women and homosexual couples
to have children. Overall, these technologies have developed from when they were first introduced to now and have

Assisted Reproductive Technology ( Vitro Fertilisation )
A successful fertilisation event refers to a sperm and an oocyte meet at a right place and a right time. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
includes IVF (in vitro fertilisation) or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) treatments have helped xxx of women got pregnant and deliver around
xx of newborns to couples in the UK every year. However, the overall pregnancy rate is remain low. Only a minority (15–30%) of embryos implanted in
the uterus result in a successful pregnancy. It is approximately xx%, it means xx of embryos fail to develop, implant or form a baby. The first
selection point in the clinic is xx hours post IVF/ICSI. Embryologists examine and select the "normal" zygotes that indicate two pronuclei (one
derived from the mother: female pronucleus; and the other derived from the father: male pronucleus). Unfortunately, not every single oocyte can be
"normal fertilised." Based on the literature, it ranges from 2.7 to 17% of ICSI or IVF procedures produce zygote with only one pronucleus in the
clinics worldwide, but the causes remain elusive. We have very recently reported molecules named Hira and H3.3 involving the central role for a
successful fertilisation event. Lack of Hira/H3.3 molecule in mouse results in abnormal "one pronucleus" zygotes which provides a link to the cause
and effect of one pronucleus phenotype in human IVF clinic.
In this study, we would like to investigate the occasion and dissect the mechanisms based on our previous animal model as

Ivf Research Paper
How Much Cost IVF:
An in–vitro fertilization, also called an IVF, is when a man's sperm and a woman's egg is taken and combined in a laboratory. Once fertilization
occurs, the egg is implanted into the woman's womb where it develops naturally. In the United States, the average cost of in–vitro fertilization is around
$12,500 per cycle. Many patients require more than one cycle to achieve pregnancy. Thankfully, most IVF Doctors give a considerable discount for
multiple cycle IVF. In the United States of America the cost of IVF can be as low as $5000 to as high as $30,000 depending on how many cycles
are needed and if a donor is needed for the egg or the sperm. The cost of IVF varies on locale, Doctor and what is included. Most IVF costs include
pre blood tests, ultrasounds and retrieval cycle monitoring, and egg retrieval and embryo transfer. Most IVF costs do not include prescription
medications, pre–testing and diagnoses of patient's partner, anaesthesia and medical care needed due to the IVF procedure. In addition, IVF costs do
not typically include extra tests and procedures such as Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Assisted zona hatching, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis,
gender ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typically States with lots of Fertility Clinics cost less than States with minimal Fertility Clinic do. Low cost IVF States are Illinois with the average
IVF cost of around $10,500 per cycle, and Washington DC has an average price of $9500 per cycle. The most expensive States are Colorado with an
average cost of $17,000 per in–vitro fertilization cycle and Texas with with an average of $15,000 per cycle. One of the cheapest Infertility clinics in
the United States is ARC Fertility. ARC Fertility has clinics in 33 out of the 50 States, and offers affordable financing plans. For those who cannot
afford in–vitro fertilization procedures in the United State, may find travelling to a different country for a low cost IVF

Ivf Research Paper
Meta DescriptionIVF is a highly–successful fertility treatment that is used by Ovation Fertilityв„ў partner physicians to treat many complex causes of
infertility.
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Ovation Fertilityв„ў partner physicians are to answer all of your questions about in vitro fertilization, IVF
IVF started out as a treatment for women suffering from fallopian tube disease, but it has since become the treatment of choice for many causes of
infertility. In fact, Ovation Fertilityв„ў partner physicians use to IVF to treat male factor infertility, unexplained infertility and infertility caused by
endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS.
IVF is the most successful treatment that allows a patients to use her eggs and her partner's sperm
There are five steps in the IVF process.
1.Ovulation induction is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Embryo transfer is the fourth step.
Embryos transfer is much like a pelvic exam. The fertility doctor will place a flexible catheter into your cervix. When it is positioned about 1–2cm
from the top of the uterus, the embryos are released. Then, a serum pregnancy test will be performed two weeks after egg retrieval.
5.Hormonal support during the luteal phase with progesterone is the fifth and final step.
Studies have shown that pregnancy and delivery rates are higher when women receive luteal phase support with progesterone after embryo transfer.
Progesterone is a hormone that is produced by the ovaries to prepare the uterine lining for implantation.

Progesterone can be administered intramuscularly or by using a vaginal progesterone product called Crinone. Whichever method is selected, your
physician will administer progesterone starting 2 days after egg retrieval until you take a pregnancy test. Depending on your serum progesterone levels,
the progesterone may be continued after you get pregnant.
Curious to learn more about IVF or any other assisted reproductive technology? Please contact an Ovation Fertilityв„ў partner physician

Infertility Research Paper
Infertility
Infertility happens more than people are aware of, and is an emotional rollercoaster for the couple going through the stressful situation. Many couples
seek counseling because of the spiritual crisis they endure, and the questioning of life's purpose (Romeiro, J. et.al, 2017). Six percent of couples
trying to conceive for a year, without success, have to seek a reproductive endocrinologist, a specialist who manages infertility patients (Center for
Disease Control, 2018). If the woman is 35years old, she should only wait six months, before seeing an infertility specialist (Center for Disease
Control, 2018). Also, if a women has two, or more spontaneous miscarriages, reproductive endocrinology specialist, should be sought (Center for
Disease Control, 2018). These are not the only reasons for assisted reproductive technologies. In this day and age, there could be other reasons for
seeking infertility technologies, such as being a single parent wanting a child, or being an LGBT couple, wanting to have a family.
When infertility becomes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Testing can include, blood work, ultrasounds, semen analysis, patency of the fallopian tubes, and vaginal swabs for any sexually transmitted diseases.
Since infertility can be costly, the treatment starts with the most minimal and works up to the most costly. Ovulation induction (OI) with clomid, an
oral medication, is where most treatment begins, then works its way to injectable medications such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (Brezina,
2016). These medications are used along with intrauterine insemination (IUI) (Brezina, 2016). IUI is the placement of a man's sperm into a woman's
uterus. When these therapies don't work, then there may be a need for a more invasive, but most effective and successful type of assisted reproductive
techniques (ARTs), such as in–vitro fertilization (IVF). The steps included in IVF

Ivf Research Paper
The topic of whether couples should undergo the usage of various reproductive technologies, especially IVF, for purposes such as selecting the gender
of their unborn baby, is an intense ongoing debate. In–vitro fertilisation or for short IVF, was made available in the late 1970's, in order to assist
women who encountered certain forms of infertility that prevented them to give birth and bear children (George, 2005). There are currently various
arguments for the use of IVF in choosing the sex of an unborn baby, which include the practical and biological reasons whereas arguments against the
usage of IVF involve social and ethical reasons.
In–vitro fertilisation is a procedure used to overcome a range of fertility issues and helps conceive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Australian Health Ethics Community (AHEC) states, "Admission to life should not be conditioned upon a child being of a particular sex"
(Nhmrc.gov.au, 2004). Although this can seem unfair, The AHEC believes that selecting the sex of your child can be a contributing cause of an
expression of sexual and social prejudice. Is conceiving a daughter more beneficial than conceiving a son or the other way around? Will choosing
the sex of your child improve the family than a child who you had no idea their gender would be? Dr. Tom Shakespeare, a lecturer from the
University of Cambridge and author of a gender study regarding IVF, commented, "I fear children could be turning into consumer items and that
sex selection could potentially lead to choosing babies on the basis of hair or eye colour" (News.bbc.co.uk, 2005). This comment discloses how
children can soon start to turn into products that parents can choose and produce depending on what they want. Correlating with this information,
Tereza Hendl, a health science researcher from the University of Sydney, says, "Gender selection is an expression of sexism as it reinforces a
binary view of children." The life of a person should not depend on their gender, as your gender should not define you as a person or the traits you
develop. It discards the fact that conceiving a child is meant to be all–natural. Unless couples are unable to reproduce on their own due to genetic
disorders or infertility, IVF can be an option couples may choose to use in order to conceive a child of their

Ivf Failure Research Paper

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