JSS 1 FIRST TERM HISTORY SLIDES.pptx

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL
FIRST TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES
JS 1 (BASIC 7)
SUBJECT: HISTORY
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK / TOPIC
1. Meaning of History (a) Definition of History
(b) Reasons for studying History in schools.
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2. Meaning of History: (a) Importance (b)
Differences between history and story telling.
3. Sources of History: (a) Meaning of sources of
history (b) Sources of History – primary,
secondary and tertiary sources (a) Primary
Sources of History (i) Oral tradition.
4. Sources of History: (a) Primary Sources of
History (ii) Artifacts (iii) Legends.

5. Sources of History: (a) Primary source of
History (iv) Folklores (v) Archival materials
(vi) Importance of primary sources of History.
6. Sources of History: (b) secondary sources of
history (i) Biography (ii) Autobiography (iii)
Textbooks, journals and government
publications (iv) Importance of secondary
sources of history.
7. MID – TERM BREAK

8. Sources of History: (C) Tertiary Sources of
History (i) Students’ Projects (ii) bulletins (iii)
Memoranda (iv) Importance of Tertiary Sources
of History.
9. Importance of History: (a) Importance of
History to Individuals (b) Importance of history
to society (c) Importance of History to the
Nation.

10. How to Access the Sources of History:
(a) Excursion to Historical Sites (b) museum
(c) library (d) cultural festivals (e) exhibition.
11-13. Revision and Examination.

• WEEK 1
• TOPIC: MEANING OF HISTORY
• CONTENT:
(i) Definition of History
(ii) Reasons for studying History in schools
Definition of History:
• History can be defined as a subject which
studies past events and human affairs in a
society.

• It can also be defined as man’s attempt to
describe and interpret the past.
• History is therefore a dialogue between the
present and the past, explains the emphasis of
different historians over the ages.
REASONS FOR STUDYING HISTORY IN
SCHOOLS
• We study history for the following
reasons:

i. To remind the new generation of their heroes
and heroines.
ii.To enable people to amend their past
mistakes.
iii.To help trace individuals to their roots.
iv.To serve as a control measure for individual or
groups to avoid past mistakes.
v. To give people positive thinking on how to
deal with conflict among nations and
individual.

vi. To provide us valuable insight for a better
future generation.
vii. To instill strong ideas and give room for
positive thinking.
• ASSIGNMENT
1. Explain the meaning of history.
2. State five reasons for studying history.

• READING ASSIGNMENT:
Read about the importance of history.
CLASSWORK
1.History is a __________ between the present
and the past. (a) relationship (b) negotiation
(c) dialogue (d) mediation.
2. The act of narrating events which could be
real or imagined for the purpose of moral
lessons or entertainment is (a) history (b)
storytelling (c) drama (d) music.

3. __________ is a universal discipline which
document past event in a society and the world
(a) Biography (b) Civic Education
(c) Entertainment (d) History.

• WEEK 2
• TOPIC: MEANING OF HISTORY
• CONTENT:
a) Importance of History.
b) Difference between History and Story telling.
• Importance of History
The study of history is important because:
i) History gives a good understanding of nation’s
history.

ii) It helps people to know more about
themselves by having understanding of their
past, in terms of internal and external
relationships.
iii) It enables us to know the truth about the
past through available myth, legend and tales.
iv) History satisfies man’s curiosity about past
development in all aspect of life.

v) It makes people aware of the character of
their own time by providing information about
the past.
vi) History serves as a source of hope for better
future over present predicament.
vii) History also promotes the habit of serious
and critical examination of situation.

Story telling
Story telling refer to the act of narrating events
which could be real or imagined for the purpose
of moral lessons or entertainment. E.g. story of
tortoise and elephant, moon light stories etc.
However story telling is different from history in
the following ways:

Differences between History and Story telling
History Story telling
History is based on
facts and evidence
Story telling is based on
myths, legend or rumour.
History documents
biographies, events
and written records
Story telling is based on
imagination or fiction
which narrates how
something or event
happened.

History is studied for
educational purposes
or research.
Story telling involves
imaginary people and event
for the purpose of
entertainment.
History deals with
written and
documented facts.
Story telling deals with
narratives from literature or
history.
History is a universal
discipline which
document past event in
a society and the world
Story telling is basically an
essential part of the culture
of a nation and its people.

• ASSIGNMENT
1. State five importance of history.
2. Mention five differences between history and
storytelling.
Read about the sources of history.

• CLASS WORK
1. Without___________, the study of history
will be impossible because these sources form
the foundation for interpretation. (a)
information (b) textbook (c) primary (d) sources
of history.
2. The original sources from where history is
derived or other sources of information that are
available at the time of writing history is known
as ----- (a) primary source (b) secondary
source(c) tertiary (d) oral tradition.

3. There are __________ sources of historical
studies (a) four (b) five (c) three (d) seven
4. Which of the following is close to rumour? (a)
Books (b) Journals (c) Artifacts (d) Story telling
5. ---------- refer to the act of narrating events
which could be real or imagined for the purpose
of moral lessons or entertainment (a) Story
telling (b) History (c) Legends (d) Statue.

• WEEK 3
• TOPIC: SOURCES OF HISTORY
• CONTENT:
• (a) Meaning of Sources of History
• (b) Sources of History – primary, secondary
and tertiary sources
• Meaning of sources of History
Sources of history can be defined as persons,

documents and working materials or evidence
which provides information about the study of
history in a society.
Without sources of history, the study of history
will be impossible because these sources form
the foundation for interpretation.
• The sources are:
a) Primary sources of history: These refer to the
original sources from where history is derived

or other sources of information that are
available at the time of writing history.
b) Secondary sources of history: These are
sources of history used or cited when recording
historical events, that were produced after the
events or issues have passed.
c) Tertiary Sources: These are combination of
primary and secondary sources of history which
summarize topics and contents of historical
studies.

• Primary Sources of History
* Oral Tradition: This can be defined as a form
of human communication where knowledge,
art, idea, and cultural material is received and
transmitted by word of mouth from one
generation to another. It can be in form of
speeches, songs, and oral story telling in the
form of epics, fables, folktales, etc.

• Advantages of Oral Traditions:
i) It teaches important lesson about the past,
culture and life of the people in a given society.
ii) Oral tradition can be rendered by an
informant without much difficulties.
iii) It is an economic source of history compared
with written documents such as textbooks.
iv) They are stored in human memory from one
generation to another with ease.

v) Oral traditions are used to preserve the
history of a society, people and events in the
absence of written documents.
• Disadvantages of Oral Traditions
i) Oral tradition can be manipulated with some
bias by historical narratives.
ii) Some vital information can be distorted or
forgotten due to inadequacy in human memory.

iii) The death of an informant greatly affects the
transmission of oral traditions from one
generation to another, e.g. palace recorders,
praise singers.
iv) Some aspects of oral traditions can be
exaggerated.
v) Many elements of oral traditions cannot be
easily verified in written sources. E.g. chants,
folktales, etc.

• ASSIGNMENT
1.Write short notes on the following:
i. Primary source of history
ii.Secondary source of history
iii.Tertiary source of history
2. State three advantages of oral tradition.
• Read about more primary sources of history.

• CLASS WORK
1. A form of human communication where
knowledge, art, idea, and cultural material is
received and transmitted by word of mouth
from one generation to another is (a) oral
tradition (b) artifacts (c) communication (d)
legend.
2. One of the disadvantages of oral tradition is
that some aspect can be (a) transformed (b)
exaggerated (c) fabricated (d) written.

3. Some vital information in oral tradition can be
distorted or forgotten due to inadequacy in
(a) material (b) storage facility (c) printed
material (d) human memory.

WEEK 4
TOPIC: SOURCES OF HISTORY
CONTENT:
- Primary Sources of History: Artifacts and
Legends
Primary Sources of History
* Artifacts
An artifact is an object or a monument that is

made by a person as a result of his historical
and cultural interest. Artifact constitutes a
significant aspect of primary source of history.
E.g. Benin warlords – Asoro the Great, Opa-
Oranmiyan (staff of Oranmiyan), statute of
Queen of Zaria (Queen Amina), Igbo –ukwu
pottery, etc.

Asoro the Great
Asoro the Great

Advantages of Artifact as a Source of History
1. Artifacts are used by artists or sculptors to
represent important persons, events and
development of the past.
2. They are used to represent historical
memories of the past in a society.
3. They serve as evidences of past historical
events and exploits of warriors and leaders.
4. Artifacts are used to beatify our
environments and settlements.

Disadvantages of artifact as a source of History
1. Artifacts are costly to make by professionals
and renowned artists or sculptors.
2. They are expensive to maintain due to tear
and wear of the climatic conditions in the
environment, e.g. rain, snow, etc.
3. Some can be vandalized by protesters and
hoodlums during riots.
4. They can be used to represent deities, gods
and other elements that are religiously
criticized by people in the society. E.g. statues
of Sango.

Legends
This can be defined as a traditional story or
group of stories told about a particular person
or place. It also refers to stories from ancient
times, about people and events which may be
true or not. It is otherwise called myth.
Advantages of Legends
1. The narrative content of legend is in realistic
mode, not imaginary like folktales.
2. Legend is like a historical folktale.

3. Legends are stories that are set in historical
contexts that contains supernatural or fantastic
elements.
4. Legends can be transmitted orally, e.g. person
to person.
Disadvantages of Legends
1. Short term legends are not persistent, they
vanish after a period of time.
2. Some persistent legends are longstanding
rumours in a society.

3. When a legend is narrated as a fiction, its
authenticity fades away.
4. Legends comprise imaginary events which
may not be real.
ASSIGNMENT
1.Give three examples of artifacts.
2.Enumerate three advantages of legends.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Read about folklores and archival materials.

CLASS WORK
1. Artifact constitutes a significant aspect of
_________ source of history (a) primary (b)
secondary (c) tertiary (d) modern
2. A traditional story or group of stories told
about a particular person or place is (a)
folklore (b) tale (c) legend (d) fable
3. Legend is more reliable as a source of history
in that the narrative content of legend is in

(a) realistic mode (b) imaginary mode (c)
written form (d) form of entertainment
4. Opa-Oranmiyan (staff of Oranmiyan) is an
example of -------- (a) legend (b) story (c) oral
tradition (d) artifact
5. One of the disadvantages of legend is that (a)
everything about it is somehow permanent
(b)its authenticity can fade away (c) it is not
always written boldly (d) there’s no iota of truth
in it.

• WEEK 5
TOPIC: SOURCES OF HISTORY
CONTENT:
1.Primary Sources of History:
(iv) Folklores (v) Archival materials
2. Importance of primary sources of History
Primary Sources of History:

• Folklores
These refer to the traditional beliefs, customs
and stories of a community passed to different
generations by words of mouth. It is a form of
oral history preserved by the people, which
consists of the cultural attributes and traditions
of specific cultures. It include folk stories, fairy
tales.

• Advantages of folklores
1.Folklores are integral part of all cultures.
2.Folklores are significant component of oral
tradition. E.g. the use of animals as
characters.
3.Folklore inspires simple and logical reasoning
in people.
4. Folklore combines the customs and traditions
of the people in its narratives. E.g. songs,
dances, etc.

Disadvantages of folklores
1. The characters often mentioned in
folklores are not real.
2. Some folklores contain elements of
violence and fears, which may not be
suitable for children.
3. Folklores are meant for entertainment,
not for historical documentation and
study.

4. Folklores are dominated by fairy tales, fables
and legends.
Archival Materials
These can be defined as information objects
that serve as evidence of the past events.
Archival materials records information about
the past historical events and activity. They act
as memory aids.

Archives refer to collection of historical
records and documents. They contain
primary and secondary source documents
of history.
Advantages of Archival Materials
1.Ready made data materials are collected,
stored and assembled for the use of
researchers.
2.The materials stored in archives are in
public domains without restrictions.

3. The state (government) is the owner of all
archival materials.
4. Archival materials are used to generate
income for the government.
Disadvantages of Archival Materials
1. Archival materials may not include
information about the variable of interest.
E.g. family size in a population data.

2. The quality and content of some archival
materials are badly affected with time and
lifespan, e.g. photographs.
3. Archival materials are not subjected to
institutional review.
4. Cost is attached to the use, acquisition from
the archives.

IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY SOURCES OF
HISTORY
1.Through primary sources of history students
relate in a personal way to events of the past.
2.Primary sources of history promote a deeper
understanding of history as a series of human
events.
3.It makes history interesting to students
because they are real and personal.

4. With the use of primary sources of history,
students know about the life of the people,
about whom history is written.
5. Primary sources of history are the original
sources of information created at the time
under study.
6. Primary sources of history are reliable.

ASSIGNMENT
1.Explain the following:
i. Folklore
ii.Archival materials
READING ASSIGNMENT:
• Read about secondary sources of history.
CLASS WORK
1. Archival materials records information about
the________ historical events and activity (a)
past (b) future (c) present (d) early

2. -------can be defined as information objects
that serve as evidence of the past events. (a)
Folklore (b) Archival materials (c) Legends (d)
journals
3. Which of the following is not a primary
source of history? (a) Biography (b) Archival
materials (c) Legends (d) Folklores
4. The quality and content of some archival
materials are badly affected with ----- and
lifespan. (a) time (b) colour (c) length (d) age

5. Which of the following sources of history is most
reliable? (a) Primary (b) Secondary (c) Tertiary (d)
Second tier
• WEEK 6
• CONTENT:
1. Secondary sources of history (i) Biography (ii)
Autobiography (iii) Textbooks, journals and
government publications
2.Importance of secondary sources of history

• SECONDARY SOURCES OF HISTORY
• Biography
Biography refers the story of a person’s life
written by someone else. E.g. Merchant Prince
of Niger-Delta by Obaro Ikime, Julius Caesar by
W. Shakespeare.
Advantages of Biography
1. Biographies help in the enrichment of the
historical studies by placing emphasis on
personalities in historical events.

2. Biographies provide vital materials useful as
historical sources and data for study of history.
3. Biographies enable us to know and study the
nature of man and personalities in history.
4. Biographies bring insights into the writing of
history by authors, journalists and individuals
who may not be professional historians.

Disadvantages of Biography
1. Biographies can distort the truth according to the
authors’ motives for writing the piece of work.
2. It can cause controversy in history, as the
biographer may exaggerate some facts that are
hard to be objective and believable.
3. Biographies may be biased because the author
may place too much emphasis on their subjects.
E.g. the view of the biographer can influence his
choice of words.

4. Biographies are selective through necessity,
as no biography can ever be a full story of a life.
Autobiography
This can be defined as the history of a person’s
life written by the person himself. Books that
describe such stories are called
autobiographies.

E.g. Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson
Mandela (1994), Dreams from My Father by
Barrack Obama (1995).
Advantages of Autobiography
1. It gives a vivid and comprehensive analysis of
events that happened in the author’s lifetime
2. It is used to personalize historical events.
3. Autobiography helps to popularize history
and lifetime of celebrities, politicians,
historical figures and the elites in the society.

4. Autobiographies are written by people who
feel that their life stories have relevance and
interest to the reading public, scholars and
philosophers.
Disadvantages of Autobiography
1. Some critical issues and times in the life of
the author may be concealed.
2. Some authors may misrepresent facts in their
autobiographies because the events occurred
many years ago.

3. The public may feel that autobiographies are
written to persuade or even lie rather than to
inform the reading public.
4. Autobiographies are subject to critical
evaluation by readers, scholars and researchers.
Other secondary sources of history include:
textbooks, journals, articles and government
publications.

Importance of Secondary Sources of History
1. Secondary sources of history are created by
scholars through research or historical
investigations.
2. Secondary sources of history are used to validate
other sources of history.
3. Secondary sources of history interpret and explain
primary sources of history based on evidence.
4. They are reliable sources of history produced
sometimes through an eye witness account.

5. Secondary sources of history are cited after
being modified by other historians to sooth
their purpose.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Define the following:
i. Biography
ii. Autobiography
2. Identify three importance of secondary
sources of history.

• Read about tertiary source of history.
• CLASSWORK
1.Books that describe such stories of an
individual written by himself or herself are
called (a) biographies (b) autobiographies (c)
essays (d) documentaries
2.Long Walk to Freedom written by Nelson
Mandela is an example of (a) autobiography
(b) biography (c) documentary (d) epistle

3. Which of the following is not a primary source
of historical writings? (a) legend (b) artifact
(c) memoranda (d) folklore
4. Legend is otherwise known as (a) folklore
(b) folktale (c) artifact (d) myth
WEEK 7
MID TERM BREAK

• WEEK 8
SUB-TOPIC: Tertiary sources of history
CONTENT:
(i) Students’ Projects
(ii) Bulletins
(iii) Memoranda
(iv) Importance of Tertiary Sources of History

• Students’ Projects
These refer to a style of active learning and
inquiry based learning which is centered on the
students. It involves a dynamic classroom
approach where students acquire a deeper
knowledge through active participation of real-
world challenges/problems.
• Importance of Project Work to Students
1. It gives students opportunity to learn new
things.

2. It promotes creative ability in students.
3. It helps students to apply learning
experiences into real life situation.
• Bulletins
This can be defined as brief public notice used
by an authority which specifies a brief news
item, meant for immediate publication or
broadcast.

• Importance of Bulletins
1. Bulletins can be displayed on a bulletin board
to display information.
2. Important historical events and pictures can
be displayed on bulletin
3. Bulletins can be used to pass historical and
other valuable information to students and
the public.
4. Bulletins are used to beautify classrooms and
arouse student’s interest in new topics.

5. They are powerful teaching tools for modern
teachers and instructors.
6. They are used to display students’ artworks,
creativity and marks.
• Memoranda (Memos):
Memoranda or memos refer to short notes
meant for some things to be remembered,
especially something vital to be done or acted
upon in the future.

Memo is a short official notes that is sent by
one person to another within the same
organization or institution.
Importance of Memoranda
1. Memos persuade the reader to take actions.
2. They bring attention to problems, e.g. causes
of an event.
3. Memos can be used to find solution to a
problem.

4. It can be used in a business organization to
make an announcement. E.g. business memos.
• Importance of Tertiary Sources of History
1. They are historical sources that organize,
compile or digest other sources of history.
2. Tertiary source of history exists in the form of
textbooks which summarize or simplify
repackaged ideas or other information.

3. Tertiary sources of history are not credited to
a particular author, they exist independently.
4. They are sources that identify and locate
primary and secondary sources of history.
5. Textbooks intended for primary and
secondary schools are significant tertiary
sources.

Assignment
1. Differentiate between bulletin and
memoranda.
2. State three importance of tertiary sources of
history.
• Reading Assignment
Read about the importance of history to
i. Individuals
ii. The society
iii. The nation

• Classwork
1. Sources of history are ____________ from
historical facts can be obtained (a) evidence
(b) information (c) foundation (d) document
2. The most reliable source of history is (a)
secondary source (b) primary source (c)
tertiary source (d) autobiography.

• WEEK 9
• TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
• CONTENT:
1. Importance of History to Individuals
2. Importance of History to Society
3. Importance of History to the Nation

• IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY TO INDIVIDUALS
1. Training of historians: History is relevant in
the training of future historian, for continuity
and relevance of the discipline to flourish in
the society.
2. Career Opportunity: History is a career and
discipline suitable for study, in order to gain
employment in the following areas – authors,
journalists, politicians, academics, etc.

3. Knowledge of the Past: History is important
to the individual because it helps in the area of
understanding past events and issues in order
to predict the future.
4. Cultural heritage: History helps the individual
to understand his or her culture and norms in
the society.
5. Knowledge of Challenges: History helps the
individual to understand challenges that took
place in the society in the past till date.

6. Good citizenship: History create awareness
and consciousness in an individual to become
good citizen who can contribute, defend and
promote the aspirations of the nation.
7. Entertainment: History helps and encourages
individuals to learn about local, national and
world events.

• Importance of History to Society
1. Interrelations: History promotes intergroup
relationship in a society.
2. Knowledge of culture and values: History
documents the rich cultures of the people and
values in a society, the knowledge of which helps
the new generation.
3. Knowledge of government and developments:
History provides detailed information about how
government, society, people, and technology
worked in the past and how they can be improved
upon.

4. Comparative approach: History is relevant in
shaping the society and lifestyle through
comparison with the past.
5. Leadership Achievements/Accountability:
History enables us to know the contributions of
our leaders to the growth and the development
of the society.
6. Patriotism: History is important to the society
because it helps in inducing love for a nation or
society in the youth.

• Importance of History to the Nation
1. Service to the Nation: History creates the
national interest of citizens and patriotism in
nation building.
2. Avoiding the Mistakes of the past: History is
important because it helps a nation to avoid the
mistakes of the past in order to move forward.
3. Solution to Crises: With the knowledge of events
in the past and causes of conflicts and their effects
on the people, nations can avoid crises with the
knowledge of history.

4. Friendly relations: History enables nations to
know the interrelations which existed among
their people and neighbours in the past and
ways of maintaining friendly ties should
continue instead of being brought to an abrupt
end.
5. Strategic planning: History guides the
national plan of a country. It guides a nation to
plan ahead in order to avoid wastage in the
management of the nation’s resources.

6. History enables a nation to know the
contributions of their leaders, heroes and
heroines in nation building and also appreciate
their contributions.
ASSIGNMENT
1. State three importance of history to
i. Individuals
ii. The society
iii. The nation

• CLASSWORK
1. History is important to individual for the
following reasons except for ----- (a) career
opportunity (b) having knowledge of the past
(c) teaching bad behaviours (d) cultural
heritage.
2. History is important to Nigeria as a nation for
the following reasons except---------- (a)
Interrelationship (b) knowledge of culture and
values (c) knowledge of government and
developments (d) interrogative approach.

3. History is an important subject to the
following categories except ---------- (a) prisoners
(b) individuals (c) nations (d) society

• WEEK 10.
TOPIC: How to Access the Sources of History
CONTENT:
- Excursion to Historical Sites
1. Excursion to historical sites
• Excursion can be defined as traveling to
experience places, artifacts, sites and
activities that authentically represents the
sources of history.

(a) MUSEUM: This refers to a building in which
objects of historical, artistic, scientific and
cultural interests are kept and exhibited or
displayed. E.g. National Museum, King square,
Benin City in Edo state; National War
Museum, Umudike, Abia state.
(b) LIBRARY: This can be defined as a collection
of sources of information and similar resources
made available to a defined community or
institution for reference or borrowing purposes.

E.g. University of Benin Library; Novena
University Library, Amai, Delta state; Edo State
Government library, Benin City, Edo State.
(c) CULTURAL FESTIVALS: This refers to
allocation for celebration or feasting, especially
a day or time of religious significance in a
community. Examples of cultural festival in
Nigeria are:
i. Eyo festival, Lagos, Lagos state.
ii.Osun Osogbo festival, Osogbo, Osun state.

iii. Calabar Carnival, Cross River State.
iv. New yam festival, Ode Iyansan, Ondo state.
v. Argungun fishing festival, Kebbi state.
vi. Ojude Oba festival, Ijebu Ode, Ogun state,
etc.

(d) EXHIBITION: This refers to an organized
presentation and display of a selection of items
and works of arts. It can take place within
museums, galleries, exhibition halls and world
fairs.

• 11 – 13: Revision and Examination

JSS 1 FIRST TERM HISTORY SLIDES.pptx

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