Social Inquiry And A Natural Human Activity

Social Inquiry And A Natural Human Activity
Human beings seek a general understanding of their environment or the world around them. This is
what is known as inquiry and it is a natural human activity. People recognize that present
circumstances usually affect the future and as such, they need to make decisions regarding their
present situation to have a better future compared to the present circumstance. Such needs push
them to inquire about both the present and the future situations to develop and give them a better
chance of having a comfortable life. Through social inquiry, people ask questions, they gather the
information and examine the background to most of the important societal events and ideas (Pollner,
2010).
There exist differences and similarities between social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social inquiry is a systematically way of thinking. It is a way that the mind revels if a circumstance
or situation is true or false even when other things point to the same outcome.
Social inquiry is where the situations are broken down and looking at it to determine why such
occurrences happened or took place. Assumptions is what we humans do on a daily basis, not
following it up or trying to understand the circumstance behind it (Greene, 2007). Everyday
assumptions are made mainly because we as individuals have been brought up to believe that
situation or circumstance to be true. Most of the situations are what human beings have been
brought up understanding it that way. Everyday assumptions are made from what human beings
learn on a daily basis. They are based on who people interact with such as environment. As such, the
difference in regard to social inquiry arises. Where everyday assumption depends on what human
beings learn and their interaction to different phenomena, social inquiry tries to understand better
through different methods of research. Another difference between the two is the people understand.
Everyday assumption changes over time. In a certain period, the assumption may mean something,
however, in another period it changes meaning to mean a totally different thing. Social inquiry
however rests its case when a conclusion is reached about the situation or circumstance. The matter
can only be revisited if it is felt that the investigation or
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The Nature Of Human Behavior
By nature, we are all amateur psychologists, constantly trying to, through the informal study of
ourselves and others, make inferences and predictions about other's behaviour. This in turn has led
to the creation of many "common sense" notions, or cultural beliefs about the nature of human
behaviour that, while often espoused as factual and true, tend to hold up poorly when faced with
legitimate scientific scrutiny, with an example being the belief that individuals always work harder
in a group than on their own. Since, while it is undeniable that, by nature, we are social rather than
solitary animals and that working in groups has had many advantages to the evolution of our species
by allowing us to, for example, increase our safety in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Likewise, they tend to end up taking credit for the other's work, thus creating tension that negatively
affects the group as a whole (Tomson & Pieterse, 2010, p. 2).
Moreover, outside of social loafing, group performance can also be negatively impacted by
groupthink. Concerning group performance as a whole, groupthink is defined in Psychology:
Evaluating connections, as a phenomenon that happens when "the thinking of the group takes over,
so much so that group members forgo logic or critical analysis in the service of reaching a decision"
(Fiest et al., 2016, p. 536– 537). Likewise, it is discussed by Irving Janis (1971) in Groupthink, an
article published in Psychology Today magazine, who was the first to propose its existence as a
phenomena. Basing his theory on the thorough analysis of historical examples of poor decision such
as the Bay of Pigs invasion, Janis concluded that groupthink arises when "the members of decision–
making groups become motivated to avoid being too harsh in their judgments of their leaders' or
their colleagues' ideas" and avoid being critical of either their own or other's thinking (Janis, 1971,
p. 84). This in turn leads to negative consequences for the group, such as the failure to consider
other, more viable

Characteristics Of Life Span Development
o What is Life Span development? Life span development is the continuous growth and change of
humans throughout a lifespan. The study of Life Span development seeks to understand growth
patterns, and the change or stability of behavior through the lens of several key characteristics, such
as nature vs. nurture (Feldman, 2017). o What are the Characteristics of Development?
Psychodynamic perspectives determine and predicts behavior based on subconscious influences
particularly focused on unresolved conflict from the past. Behavioral perspectives instead observe
external influences from the environment and how those influences effect behavior. Cognitive
focuses on patterns in intellectual development. The humanistic perspective is based in free will and
that people naturally have the ability and want to improve. Contextual perspectives focus on the
context of an individual's life and how that shapes them. Evolutionary perspective describes
behavior due to genetic inheritance. Physical development is what bodily changes humans
experience over the lifespan. Social and emotional perspectives are personalities based on a
response to environmental influences (Feldman, 2017). o Why is there diversity in Development?
There are several main sources of diversity in development. Genetic inheritance is responsible for
distinctions in bodily maturation due to general genetic variations. Culture also has key impact
because different cultures have different timeline expectations, an

Experimentation Essay
Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 2: Simulated Facilitated
Diffusion Lab Report Pre–lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions
correctly. 1. Molecules need a carrier protein to help them move across a membrane because You
correctly answered: d. they are lipid insoluble or they are too large. 2. Which of the following is true
of facilitated diffusion? You correctly answered: c. Movement is passive and down a concentration
gradient. 3. Examples of solutes that might require facilitated diffusion include You correctly
answered: d. all of the above. 4. Which of the following would not affect the rate of facilitated
diffusion? You correctly answered: a. the amount of intracellular ATP ... Show more content on
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You correctly answered: d. both a and b 2. For facilitated diffusion, increasing the concentration of
glucose on one side of the membrane is the same as You correctly answered: b. making the
concentration gradient steeper 3. When all of the membrane carriers are engaged, or busy, we say
they are You correctly answered: a. saturated. 4. Na+ Cl– had no effect on glucose transport because
You correctly answered: b. sodium is not required for glucose transport in the simulation.
08/30/12
page 3
Review Sheet Results 1. Explain one way in which facilitated diffusion is the same as simple
diffusion and one way in which it is different from simple diffusion. Your answer: Simple diffussion
moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower without an input of energy.
facilitated follows the same rule but uses protein carrier molecules to allow substance that are fat
solubles to diffuse through the cell membrane. 2. The larger value obtained when more glucose
carriers were present corresponds to an increase in the rate of glucose transport. Explain why the
rate increased. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: My prediction
was wrong the glucose transport rate would increase 3. Explain your prediction for the effect Na+
Cl– might have on glucose transport. In other words, explain why you picked the choice that you
did. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your

Atmospheric System Essay
'Low pressure atmospheric systems have more of a short term impact than high pressure systems.'
Discuss. Low pressure atmospheric systems are also known as depressions or cyclones and they
form in mid– and high–latitudes. They are formed by the mixing of cold and warm air, the warm air
is lighter, so it rises above the denser, cold air and forms a centre of low pressure. High pressure
atmospheric systems are also known as anticyclones and have very different characteristics to
depressions. Anticyclones are large masses of subsiding air, which produces high pressure at the
surface. There are a variety of difference between anticyclones and depressions, including the
weather conditions, the length of time they last and the impact they ... Show more content on
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The impacts of anticyclones and depressions vary, as does the period they remain and the effect they
have. The North American blizzard of 2003 lasted for five days throughout February and occurred
on the East Coast of the USA and Canada. It was a record–breaking blizzard, which caused 27
deaths and over $14 million worth of damage. The cities in America were bought to a standstill, as
there was a range of 38–76cm of snow covering the ground. The cause for such an unusually
extreme blizzard was the fact that the conditions were favourable, with moisture from the Atlantic
Ocean enhancing precipitation and a high pressure system over Canada, allowing cold air to be
brought down coastal areas. This meant that the precipitation was mainly snow, hence the record–
breaking statistics. The effects this storm had were mainly short–term, but the roof of the historic
Railroad Museum collapsed and 27 people lost their lives. Additionally, transport infrastructure was
brought to a halt, and three major airports were also closed.
So, the impacts of depressions are mainly short–term, although the destruction can be horrendous,
whereas, anticyclones usually cause long–term impacts on a country such as the Drought in Britain
and Europe in 2003. This drought effected many locations, but the main focus was on the UK,
France and Portugal. Not all impacts are negative, as the heat wave did boost the tourist industry in
most countries and sales for summer items such as

Abstract:. Diffusion Occurs As Passive Transport In Cells
Abstract: Diffusion occurs as passive transport in cells through a selectively permeable membrane.
In this experiment, the membrane that was used was dialysis tubing. The questions this experiment
modeled were, which solutions would diffuse and what molecules were small enough to diffuse
through the selected membranes. When the experiment concluded, the data supported which
solutions diffused and at what rate they diffused. It is discussed that the permeability of a solute
across a membrane is affected differently from method to method. Each process has comparable
variables that will affect the rate or ability to diffuse, but some require more work, energy, or other
substances needed to allow diffusion to occur.
Introduction:
Diffusion is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Will increasing the concentration of the same solution influence the rate of diffusion, was asked and
hypothesized that the rate of diffusion will increase at higher concentrations. However, it is not
believed that the higher concentrations will influence diffusion in a membrane that a solution can
not fit through.
Materials and methods:
The materials used in this lab were, two glass beakers, four dialysis membranes: 20 (MWCO), 50
(MWCO), 100 (MWCO), and 200 (MWCO), a membrane holder, a membrane barrier, four solutes:
NaCl, Urea, Albumin, and Glucose, a solution dispenser, deionized water, a timer, and a beaker
flush. The four dialysis membranes are placed between the beakers and during each trial, certain
concentrations are increased by adding one of the four solutes in the left beaker. Deionized water is
added to the right beaker and replaced before the next test. A timer is adjusted to 60 minutes and the
barrier between the beaker descends, allowing the solutions in each beaker to have access to the
dialysis membrane separating them. The concentration is checked at the end of the 60–minute period
indicating diffusing from the left to right or vice versa. If diffusion occurs in the experiment, repeat
with the same membrane and change the concentrations. If no diffusion occurred, continue to the
next sized membrane.

Diffusion Of Osmosis And Diffusion
Osmosis and diffusion are two important processes in the human body that help in the functioning of
cells and homeostasis, or maintaining balance within the body. Osmosis is the movement of water
from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and its purpose is to maintain stability
between a solvent (water) and a solute. Diffusion is the movement of solutes down their
concentration gradient, toward a lesser concentration of solutes, in order to pass a membrane, such
as the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane (Tortora and Derrickson 2012). Diffusion requires no
energy and is affected by many different aspects including heat, causing the reaction to occur at a
more rapid rate, the size of the particle, and the amount of space in which the diffusion must cover
(Tortora and Derrickson 2012). Osmosis is a form of diffusion that is more so for water, and both
require no energy. The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is a protective barrier against
foreign materials that could harm the cell. The membrane is what is defined as selectively permeable
(Tortora and Derrickson 2012) because it only allows certain materials get into it, while keeping
others from moving out. The bilayer of the membrane has hydrophilic heads, which work well with
water, and hydrophobic tails, which repel water. This difference in the head and tails is what causes
only certain materials to be able to enter the membrane without help. Materials that can get in are
small, gaseous, and

Diffusion And Osmosis Lab Report
The hypothesis states that if the solution is hypotonic the results will decrease, if the solution is
hypertonic the results will increase and if the solution is isotonic the solution will vary and or
remain constant. In order to test the predictions of the hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic
hypothesis for the solution made during the study, four samples of sucrose were taken and placed
into two different beakers each containing a different concentration. Then dialysis tubing A was
placed into beaker 1 with B, C, and D placed into beaker 2 for 45 minutes and weighted at 15
minute intervals. My finding in the study was that each of the four samples changed from their
initial weight and for the most part accurately proved the hypothesis. ... Show more content on
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The difference is that along with large molecules, living cells prevent molecules with positive
charges and solubility. This is not representing in dialysis tubing, and is only found in living cells
because the tubing is only based on molecular size (98). When referring the rate of diffusion, the
concentration gradient influences the diffusion rate, based on the factors of temperature. The ability
for molecules diffuse from high to low concentrations primarily depends on the concentration
gradient between the two areas.(96–99). My hypothesis for the study is that in the hypotonic,
hypertonic, and isotonic solutions, the direction and rate of osmosis will determine based on the
concentration inside the dialysis tubing. My prediction is that if the solution is hypotonic the results
will decrease, if the solution is hypertonic the results will increase and if the solution is isotonic the
solution will vary and or remain constant.
Materials and Methods
In order to test the predictions of the hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic hypothesis for the solution
made during the study, four samples of sucrose were taken and placed into two different beakers
each containing a different concentration. Beaker 1 is 250– mL and contained 150–mL of 10%
sucrose with dialysis tubing A, while beaker 2 (a large bowl) contained 1% sucrose, with dialysis
tubing B, C, and D. Tubing A contained 10–mL with 1% sucrose. Tubing B

Examples Of Fallacy
Pseudo–reasoning A fallacy is a misleading or unsound argument based on a false or invalid
reasoning and is used as a premise to support a conclusion. Fallacies can be persuasive and be made
both accidentally and deliberately to delude others from the truth. Fallacies can be difficult to avoid
if one does not have the mind of a critical thinker. When utilizing the mechanisms of critical
thinking one is able to see through the misrepresentations of fallacies and to draw a valid, logical
conclusion. This essay aims to discuss how and why formal fallacies and substantive fallacies are
used. Since a great variety of formal and substantial fallacies exist, this essay will limit to show
examples of the formal fallacy affirming the consequent and the substantial inversion of cause and
effect. A formal fallacy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Affirming the consequent can be derived in the form of if P then Q where P is the antecedent and the
consequent of the conditional is Q. To illustrate this, a quote from Donald Trump, candidate for
President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election, on the recent terror attack in Paris is
presented: "When you look at Paris, you know, the toughest gun laws in the World, Paris, nobody
had guns but the bad guys, nobody had guns. They were just shooting them one–by–one... And I'll
tell you what, you can say what you want, but if they had guns, if they were allowed to carry guns, it
would have been a much much different situation " By reconstructing this example as an argument
with premises and conclusion it would look like this: P1) If the victims were allowed to carry guns
(P), then the situation would have been much different (Q). P2) The victims might have survived
(Q). C) Therefore France should allow their citizens to carry guns

Critical Reflection Of An Organization
Critical reflection Critical reflection should help members of the organization to see changes in a
different way and to uncover the underlying interests that are hidden in obvious management
practices. One should understand that these practices are social constructs and become aware of the
role one plays in the production and reproduction of these practices (Darwin et al., 2002). Critical
reflection does not come easily, but develops from resistance against social restrictions. In this
sense, soft management techniques have the paradoxical effect to weaken the capacity of staff to
reflect critically on labor situations (Alvesson & Willmott, 1992). Hence the skeptical view that
critical theorists have on management phenomena such as empowerment and teamwork (Hardy &
Leiba–O'Sullivan, 1998; Boje & Rosile, 2001; Sewell, 2001; Lincoln et al., 2002) In what follows,
we explain how critical reflection leads to insights about the power relations in change. Adepts of
the critical discourse are convinced that strategic change has everything to do with influence, power
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While these views describe the requirements to build effective structures, critical discourse will
point out the irrationality of these beliefs by revealing how the yet overpowering efficiency and
effectiveness is sacrificed to safeguard the privileges of the powerful. According to critical discourse
there are fundamental structural differences in terms of access to power in which politics is an
inevitable reaction to the unfair distribution of resources in organizations. Organizational politics is
not just a matter of self–interest, but also a struggle between opposing class interests in existing
elitist power structures. Critical discourse examines the ways in which specific groups strive to
make social constructions that operate in their own interests appear natural and so uncontestable
(Davey,

Critical Thinking : A Critical Thinker
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing certain problematic phenomena or ideas, along with its
complex dynamics, in order to theorize healthier and more productive solutions. Critical thinking
juxtaposes its noun form by describing the critical thinker, in which society is constantly and
heedlessly creating. This is the direct result of the systematic nourishment of societal prejudices,
misogyny, and inequality, which only contrives devastating and life changing events in its victims '
lives. These types of analytical philosophers may also evaluate benign events that results in
benevolent effects in order to solve how and why they occur to thus reciprocate this pattern to
directly produce more of these effective, influential occurrences, while also improving those that
detrimentally poison humanity 's advancement. Carole R. McCann and Seung–kyung Kim, editors
of Feminist Theory Reader, refers to this process as utilizing 'tools' provided by theorists and asking
questions to, "examine the injustices they confront and build arguments to support their particular
demands for change." As a women studies and ethnic studies major, I have trained myself to
constantly practice this skill and habitually and consciously analyze stimulating catalysts for
reactions, never believing a situation lacks historical and dynamic aspectual influences.
Homogeneity was produced and historically reciprocated as a normative standard for societal
inhabitants because it requires very little

Experiment on Diffusion Potassium Permanganate and...
Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology
College of Science and Mathematics
Department of Biological Sciences
In partial fulfillment of :
BIOLOGY 101.1
(Scientific Paper on Diffusion)
Submitted by :
Diate, Kim P. (B.S.E Gen.Sci.1)
Submitted to :
Olive S. Anies, Ph.D
ABSTRACT
This scientific paper investigates my hypothesis that "Higher molecular weight produce faster
diffusion". Diffusion is a process of equalization which involves movement of molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Biology 101.1). As Thomas Graham
(1831–1833) found out on his study that gases of different nature diffuse with each other, it is a
challenge as to how true it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In performing the proper experimentation, we poured some of the methylene blue substrate in a
piece of paper, for ease transport towards the agar plates. We performed it cautiously by not inhaling
it, for it is a form of powder. We carefully place the substrate at the center of the agar plates, to
ensure that is that there is enough space for diffusion to take place. After the moment we placed the
substrate, we carefully placed a transparent ruler under the plate to measure the diameter of the
substrate in 0 minutes. We carefully note the time, having a 15–minute interval and record the
changes in the diameter of the substrate. We continued it, until we have an hour observation.
After gathering all the data, we solved for the rate of diffusion of each using the formula.
Rate= Final diameter–Initial diameter Time
After finishing the Methylene blue experiment, we followed the same procedure to Potassium
Permanganate.
Each group presented the result to the white board, so that we can compare the results. We kept a
record of the results and have a short conversation with our group mates in interpreting the results of
the conducted experiment.

Towards the end, we throw the agar gel to the trash can, clean the petri dish, tighten the bottles and
clean the tables where we performed the experiment.
RESULT (Group)
Table 1.1
Tabular presentation on the Result of the Diffusion rate of Methylene Blue and Potassium

Excessive Amount Of Asphaltene Deposition Essay
An excessive amount of asphaltene deposition may result in a severe formation damage and
sometimes blocking the flow path as seen in Figure 6c. Therefore, the injected solvent cannot further
diffuse deep into the matrix (due severe to asphaltene deposition) and eventually causes injectivity
problem. In this study, C5 injection resulted in the high amount of asphaltene deposition in porous
media (11.4 % per Figure 7) and it could block the main flow path, the fracture (as seen in Figure
6c). The pressure profiles of C5 injection shown in Figure 8 can also explain the formation damage
caused by severe asphaltene deposition. At early time–stage of solvent injection, solvent mainly
diffuses into the oil within the fracture path (while diffusing into the matrix as well) and recovered
most of the oil in this area (up to 80 minutes in Figure 8). Thereafter, the solvent is occupied the
whole fracture and due to the concentration gradient between the solvent and matrix's oil, the
solvent diffused into the matrix, dilute the oil by precipitation and deposition of asphaltene.
Continuing solvent injection resulted in more asphaltene deposition in the matrix and especially
fracture–matrix interface (where the highest concentration gradient is) that eventually cause the
formation damage and reduce the injectivity. This can be seen in Figure 7 from time 90 minutes to
280 minutes where the injection pressure increased until the time that was no injection at all (after
about 280 minutes).

DirectFileTopicDownload 3
Lab 1: Introduction to Science
Exercise 1: Data Interpretation
Table 4: Water Quality vs. Fish Population
Dissolved Oxygen (ppm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Number of Fish Observed
0
1
3
10
12
13
15
10
12
13
Questions
1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4?
2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample
and the number of fish observed in the body of water.
3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis?
4. What would be the independent and dependent variables?

5. What would be your control?
6. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why?
7. Graph the data from Table 4: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He tells his son that if he can guess the amount of money he is holding within 5% error he can have
the money. The son guesses that he is holding 81 cents. The dad opens his hand and displays 90
cents. Did the son guess close enough to receive the money from his father?
2. A science teacher tells her class that their final project requires the students to measure a specific
variable and determine the velocity of a car with no more than 2.5% error. Jennifer and Johnny work
hard and decide the velocity of the car is 34.87 m/s. The teacher informs them that the actual
velocity is 34.15 m/s. Will Jennifer and Johnny pass their final project?
3. A locomotive train is on its way from Chicago, IL to Madison, WI. The trip is said to last 3.15
hours. When the train arrives in Madison the conductor notices it actually took them 3.26 hours. The
train company prides itself on always having its trains to the station within a 3% error of the
expected time. Will the train company live up to its reputation on this trip?
4. A coach tells his little league players that hitting a .275 batting average, within 7% percentage
error, means that they had a really great season. Seven year old Tommy ended the season hitting a
.258 batting average. According to his coach, did he have a great season?
Experiment 1: Diffusion through a Liquid
Table 5: Diffusion through Corn Syrup (Data and Rates)
Dye Color
Molecular

Critical Thinking Research Paper
Without critical thinking, humans would be at the state that existed thousands of years ago, where
people believed everything they saw and experienced as magic, not as natural phenomena. Critical
thinking gives us the ability to form clear and rational judgments to separate what is true from what
is imaginary. It takes into account both our own internal experience and the external world. The
critical thinker is consistent, uses logic, connects ideas, judges the relevancy or irrelevancy of ideas,
recognizes and avoids preconceptions and mistakes, analyzes and solves potential problems, forms
sound arguments, and is able to explain and justify his or her own beliefs and conclusions to
others.39 upvotes &bullet; Updated 24w ago &bullet; Asked ... Show more content on
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Thinkers at this stage recognize that they have basic problems in their thinking and make initial
attempts to better understand how they can take charge of and improve it. Based on this initial
understanding, beginning thinkers begin to modify some of their thinking, but have limited insight
into deeper levels of the trouble inherent in their thinking. Most importantly, they lack a systematic
plan for improving their thinking, hence their efforts are hit and miss.
Relevant Intellectual Traits: Naturally inherent in master thinkers are all the essential intellectual
characteristics, deeply integrated. Accomplished thinkers have a high degree of intellectual humility,
intellectual integrity, intellectual perseverance, intellectual courage, intellectual empathy, intellectual
autonomy, intellectual responsibility and fair–mindedness. Egocentric and sociocentric thought is
quite uncommon in the accomplished thinker, especially with respect to matters of importance.
There is a high degree of integration of basic values, beliefs, desires, emotions, and

Factors That Influence Rainfall in the United States
Factors that Influence Rainfall in the United States
A type of precipitation is rainfall and it develops when water vapor condenses into droplets in the
atmosphere thus becoming too heavy to stay suspended in the air so gravity causes them to fall. The
pattern or occurrence of rainfall in the United States or basically anywhere in the world depends on
several factors such as ground elevation, wind directions, location within a continental mass, areas
of low pressure, cool fronts, jet streams and even mountain ranges. For instance mountains have an
influence on wind and wind is an important feature in rainfall, "The windward sides of mountainous
islands in the trade wind regime are among the rainiest places on earth, where rains exceed ... Show
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When the pressure is 'high' it means that the air's pressure is higher than the pressure of the
surrounding air in the area. A 'low' is where it is lower. This means that where the air is slowly
descending the pressure is high and vice versa. So, as air descends, it warms, which inhibits the
formation of clouds. This means that the air that descends in high pressure area has to get to high
altitudes in some way which is why air actually rises in low pressure areas. Winds tend to blow into
low pressure areas because are moves from higher pressure areas into lower pressure areas. When
the wind moves into a low area the air moves up and eventually cools and rainfall comes about. Also
the low pressure that causes the air to rise has to do with the Criolis Effect, which is the force caused
by the Earth's spin that redirects moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in
the Southern Hemisphere. According to meteorologist Tony Pann, who works with Coriolis Effect
stated, "With the Coriolis effect, air circulates in patterns that depend on latitude. At the mid–
latitudes of the USA, most weather systems move from west to east. However, systems tend to move
from east to west near the poles and in the tropic" (Pann). The upslope flow is also related low
pressure areas which is basically the result of air rising and cooling while being forced to ascend to
higher terrain.

The direct deposition of Ti64 onto a 410 grade stainless...
The direct deposition of Ti64 onto a 410 grade stainless steel base plate resulted in a very fine
microstructure which transitions into a coarser one towards the Ti64 layer, as seen in Figure 1. FeTi
intermetallics are commonly form during traditional fusion welding, as well as diffusion bonding of
Ti based and Fe based alloy [1–5]. Microstructure along the interface seen in the current study was
similar to that obtained by diffusion bonding of micro duplex steel to Ti64 alloy by Orhan et al. [30].
A crack is visible in the figure, which is representative of the entire bonded region. We hypothesize
that cracking occurred due to residual stresses brought about by the differences in thermal properties
between the two materials. Similar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bright and dark regions along the NiCr and Ti64 interface observed in the current study were similar
to the interface morphology observed by Kundu et al. Similar unmelted particles in CoCrMo–Ti64
compositionally graded structures were also reported by Balla et al. [16] that was also processed via
LENSTM. However, in the current work, these regions are completely spherical as opposed to the
earlier studies where the regions were elongated or needle like. Such difference is hypothesized due
to availability of time for diffusion. Diffusion bonding is carried out for a longer time and hence
there is more diffusion across the interphase where as the LENSTM based solidification is a rapid
process. The bright regions along the interphase observed are intermetallics of Ti64 and NiCr alloys.
Based on the EDS mapping and published literature data [18, 20, 21], possible intermetallic phases
are Ni3Ti, NiTi, Ti2Ni and β–Ti. Further investigation is needed to confirm different phase
formation in these layers.
EDS analysis of this sample in Figure 5 reveals that these structures contains more diffused Ni into
Ti64 region than Ti in the NiCr region. From the bonding perspective this is good since it prevents
Ti from diffusing towards the Fe rich region and subsequently prevents the formation of Fe–Ti based
intermetallic phase formation that are inherently brittle and mostly responsible for reducing the bond
strength of the joint [2, 3, 5].

Investigating The Rate Of The Red Water
The aim of this experiment is to observe and record the rate of the blue water in the dialysis tube
diffusing into the beaker containing different concentrations of salt over 20 minutes to see what
effect the concentrations of salt has on the rate of diffusion. The hypothesized of this experiment is
that the blue water in dialysis tube 3 will have a faster rate of blue dye diffusing into the salt water in
beaker 3. Beaker 1 will have the slowest rate of blue dye diffusing from the dialysis tube into the
salt water and beaker 2 will result in a colour in–between beaker 1 and 3. This is because the
concentration of salt in the beaker is higher than the water in the dialysis tubes so the salt water will
go into the dialysis tube while the blue water in the dialysis tube will diffusion into the beaker. This
experiment was performed by measuring out the same amount of water into each of the 3 beakers
and adding different amounts of salt to each one to change the concentration. 3 dialysis tubes
containing water and 3 drops of blue dye were tied at one end, then tied at the other using cotton
thread before placing them one each into the different concentrated beaker cotton tied end facing
down. After 20 minutes the results were observed and recorded into the results table. The finishing
results were unexpected and not accurate due to the systematic and random errors, rejecting the
hypothesis. One of the most important Functions in biology (providing structure, keeping the cell

Qrt Floods Essay
The weather of the months leading up to the South–East Queensland floods not only gives an
indication of the weather patterns before the flood, but shows the continuity and change in the
weather, which ended up causing this catastrophic natural disaster. The SE QLD floods was the
result of a continuum of a build–up of conditions, which can be seen in the synoptic charts.
As seen in the Mid September month, there were many high pressure systems of 1025+ hectopascals
affecting australia, in particular the south–west areas of the country. The ridges of the high–pressure
systems impacted the North–east parts of Australia as well, including most of QLD. This caused
clear skies, and dry weather seen in most of QLD, with some areas having their ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the dominant cold front impacting the south and south–east area of the state, more prominent
rainfall was found, in which QLD experienced wet and generally warm days in the north, and wet
and cool days in the south east. On the 25th of the month, North Queensland was impacted from the
low pressure system condition, bringing heavy rain, for example most of the Cairns region recorded
more than 200mm during the week. With a trough extending from Northern Territory to QLD also
brought strengthened conditions to this area of the country. This trough is the beginning of an
easterly dip, which are good sources of flood conditions. This weather in November impacted this
area of QLD greatly, meaning as the disaster unfolded, the conditions of SE QLD aided the disaster
to have an even greater impact.
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/qld/archive/201110.summary.shtml
The November month was the month leading up to the SE Qld floods. From the synoptic charts, the
conditions evident show the ultimate lead up in conditions for the natural disaster. The pressure
systems have moved southerly, in which QLD is not being significantly impacted by many pressure
systems. A High pressure system in the East of Australia of 1023 hectopascals is lightly impacting
the state, bringing warmer temperatures, in which 76% of the state experience

The Membrane And The Cell Membrane
Every living thing is made up of cells. Many cells differ in size or shape and have different functions
that they are required to carry out to sustain life. A structural feature in cells is the plasma
membrane, which surrounds the cell and protects it from anything dangerous around it. The plasma
membrane is able to do this because it is selectively permeable. This means that the plasma
membrane decides what comes in and goes out of the cell. This allows it to keep the important
nutrients it needs as well as allowing those nutrients to enter and at the same time keeping or
discarding anything that could harm the cell (Marieb, Smith 40).
The nucleus carries the DNA and genes of the cell. The DNA basically tells the cell what protein to
make which can affect the type of transport used. DNA is also very important for cell division (when
a cell divides to make cells identical to it). Every cell has organelles. Organelles preside in the
cytoplasm and each have a specific function. For example, the mitochondrion is an organelle where
ATP is produced which is needed for active transport.
There are two different types of processes that are used to allow substances to get through the
plasma membrane. The first type is passive process which is the differences in
concentration/pressure inside and outside of the cell. The two parts of passive processes are
diffusion and filtration. Diffusion also has two different types, simple and facilitated. This is easy to
remember because simple

Quantifiers And Rhetorical Ploys
Politicians often use language as a tool to persuade the general public with their assertion of power.
Politicians use linguistic strategies and rhetorical devices to persuade and to have an effect on its
audience to achieve their political goals. Rhetorical ploys are a way to persuade without making a
real argument while linguistic phenomena makes it hard for the receiver of an argument, to detect
what is actually being argued. This essay aims to analyse how linguistic phenomena and rhetorical
ploys are used to blindfold the intended meaning with examples from political speeches. Since a
great variety of linguistic phenomena and rhetorical ploys exist, this essay will limit to show
examples of the rhetorical ploys smokescreen and compassion and the linguistic phenomena
vagueness and quantifiers. In an article from the economist it is discussed that the use of language
between the Republicans and the Democrats is a war of words. The Republicans and the Democrats
use smokescreen to obfuscate arguments to avoid discussion of an issue by changing the subject. In
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If speakers or writers do not use quantifiers with adequate precision, it can become unclear and lead
to possible misinterpretation and rhetorical abuse . It is crucial to know that using quantifiers in an
argument can sometimes be deliberately on purpose to support and strengthen the argument. The use
of quantifiers in speeches can have bad impact on people and should be used carefully. One of the
best examples is the statement from Brian Kilmeade, Fox News, "Not all Muslims are terrorists, but
all terrorists are Muslims" . This statement generalises all Muslims to be terrorists, which is not true.
It is well known that some terrorist acts have been executed by Muslims, but definitely not all of
them. Anders Breivik who did the massacre on the Norwegian island Utøya is a European example
of

Examples Of Critical Paradigm
Critical Paradigm Hatch (?) claims that the epistemological stance of critical theory is that the
knowledge as subjective and political. Egbert & Sanden (2014) claims that the focus of the critical
paradigm is the oppression and the lived experiences of people in the context. Critical theorist
discuses about the power issues in the society and social justice issues by analyzing the structure of
language. In other words, the critical paradigm uncover the hidden phenomenon we do not utter.
With critical paradigm we explore the how and why that phenomenon occurs, for instance, how and
why society works. At this very moment, Marx and his ideas about society occurs to my mind, his
key words to explain society appeared as a word cloud in front of my ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Until I read Marx in my School Critical Theories in Education course, I had no ideas the ways of
society constructed by the people and Marx uncover this for me. After that everything make sense
for me, while I was thinking that I could change the world with education, I witness that the
education system with a hidden curriculum changes the world. In this sense, I am definite seeing
myself also in the ship of critical paradigm. Perhaps, in future, I can do research regarding the
educational policy of young gifted children and opportunities that offer to them in Turkey, which
unfortunately the gifted programs offer when children get fourth grade. Poststructuralist Paradigm
Hatch (?) defines poststructuralists an anti–paradigm to all paradigms, since it deconstructs the
epistemological and ontological assumptions of the above mentioned paradigms. While
poststructuralist paradigm's epistemological stance is there is no truth, its' ontological assumption is
that reality is created within the individual minds to give meaning a meaningless

Leadership, Social, And Personality Traits For Job...
Synthesis Paper Dynamic leaders in society enact change through organized efforts in the world. In
every institution of society dominant leaders captivate individuals and motivate them to work
together to reach a goal. Leaders and groups can influence employment, housing, education, social
policy, and industry. What traits support the emergence of a person to prominence? Individuals who
emanate strong work ethic, confidence, and critical thinking skills. However, leadership also entails
the ability to manipulate and understand the interdependence of organization function, knowledge,
culture, communication, and technology. Researchers Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield,
K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., & Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012) in their work, Fearless dominance and
the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful
political leadership, review implications of psychopathic personality traits for job performance and
leadership in individuals. Odom, S. F., Boyd, B. L., and Williams, J. (2012) in an Impact of personal
growth projects on leadership identity development explore how interpersonal skills of students
grow as students engage in projects. Lastly, van Eeden, R., Cilliers, F., and van Deventer, V. (2008)
in Leadership styles and associated personality traits: Support for the conceptualization of
transactional and transformational leadership evaluate characteristics of leaders in industry. The
purpose

Drying Is A Mass And Heat Transfer Process Essay
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Drying is a simultaneous mass and heat transfer process that converts a liquid, solid or semi–solid
feedstock into a solid product having lower moisture content. This is usually done by applying heat
to evaporate the liquid into a vapor phase. Sometimes drying takes place below the triple point of
the liquid to be removed and the solid phase is directly converted to vapor phase via sublimation as
in case of freeze drying. [1]
As drying must involve a phase change of the liquid to be removed, it is considered as one of the
most energy–intensive unit operations. This is due to the high latent heat of vaporization, as well as,
the inefficiency of using hot air as the most common drying medium. Hence, the operating cost of
dryers represents their major cost item.
Drying is an important process in many fields such as chemical, agricultural, ceramics and
pharmaceutical industries. It may be done to have free–flowing solids that are easy to handle, to
facilitate the preservation and storage of different materials, to reduce the transportation costs or to
achieve desired quality of products. [2]
Regeneration of adsorptive beds is an important drying application. The operation of such beds
includes three periods. During the first period adsorption takes place till breakthrough. This is
followed by steaming period where live steam is blown through the bed to remove the adsorbate
from the solid desiccant. In the third period; regeneration period, the hot, moist

Physio Ex 9.0
ACTIVITY 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Answers
1. The molecular weight of urea is approximately 60. Which of the membranes can it pass through?
a. 50 MWCO membrane
b. 100 MWCO membrane
c. 200 MWCO membrane
d. Both the 100 and 200 MWCO membranes D. Both the 100 and 200 MWCO membranes
2. True or False: A solution containing glucose will diffuse faster through a 200 MWCO membrane
if it is heated. True
3. The molecular weight of carbon C is 12; the molecular weight of hydrogen (H) is 1; the molecular
weight of oxygen (O) is 16. The chemical formula of glucose is: C6H12O6 . Using some simple
multiplication and addition, determine the molecular weight of one molecule of glucose.
4. Describe two variables ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Why did you pick the choice you did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
ACTIVITY 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure Answers
14. True or False: Osmosis is considered a type of passive transport, i.e. it does not need energy
from ATP. 15. If a cell is placed in a ________ solution of water, there will be no net movement of
water in or out of the cell.
a. hypotonic
b. isotonic
c. hypertonic
16. If you "cut" the concentration of a non–diffusible solute that is on one side of a membrane in
half, the osmotic pressure will
a. double.
b. not change.
c. be half of what it was before.
17. Explain the effect that increasing the Na+Cl– concentration had on osmotic pressure and why it
has this effect.
18. Describe one way in which osmosis is similar to simple diffusion; describe one way in which it
is different.
19. Solutes are sometimes measured in milliosmoles. Explain this statement: "Water chases
milliosmoles."
20. The conditions were 9mM albumin in the left beaker and 10mM glucose in the right beaker with
the 200 MWCO membrane in place. Explain the results.
ACTIVITY 4: Simulating Filtration Answers
21. The filtration rate of Na+Cl– in the simulation was dependent on

a. the pore size of the membrane.
b. the hydrostatic pressure applied to the top beaker.
c. the concentration of the solutes in the lower beaker.
d. both the pore size and the

Essay about The Generalist Practice: A Balance of Art and...
The art of promoting a functional world and society is not as simple as solving a problem, rather it
requires one to study, understand, develop, evaluate, apply, and assess the most suitable methods for
promoting the overall well–being of the individuals, groups, communities, and organizations in the
macro environment. Human beings are the product of our environment, nature, and nurture, thus the
generalist practitioner must strive to understand the interrelationship among such agents of influence
in order to provide effective service to the individuals, families, groups, communities, and systems
he or she serves. The task for the generalist practitioner is to apply skill, knowledge, systematic
methodology, research, and best practice in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientist observes phenomena in the natural world and formulates a hypothesis relating to a
specific feature of the phenomena; likewise, the generalist practitioner must observe the scope of a
problem within the environment it occurs and formulate a plan to address the main component of the
problem. The generalist practitioner will gather information from the client about the nature of the
problem, assess the support and resources available, and apply his or her knowledge of human
behavior and the social environment to develop a plan of specific interventions to address the
problem. The proceeding step is implementation of interventions to address a problem in the social
environment will yield results indicative of improvement or regression in client functioning. The
generalist practitioner can use the information as an evaluative measure to determine if further
intervention or experimentation is necessary. Research is the driving force behind many of the
decision we make in our everyday life, from choosing the car with the best safety rating to selecting
the most cost effective prescription to treat a health condition, we rely on the data research provides
us. The generalist practice is no different, relying on research to inform and guide our professional
practice. Research provides information about the effectiveness of specific interventions to address a
social issue or guide the

Practice Biology Ia: Diffusion
Practice Internal Assessment Report
Christine Zhu
St Pauls Grammar School
00296648
Biology HL
Trial 1 & 2: 8/4/13
Trial 3 & 4: 10/4/13
Photo credits: Smarties by Andrew Dean, copyright Rebecca Douglas, retrieved 9/4/13
http://rebeccadouglas.photoshelter.com/image/I0000WDNZi_s2W4A
Smarties Diffusion Experiment
RESEARCH QUESTION
How does changing the colour of smarties affect the extent of its passive diffusion?
INTRODUCTION
Passive diffusion, also known as simple diffusion, is used to describe the exergonic reaction of a
substance where the substance passes in the direction of the concentration gradient. Most of the
molecules move from the area of high concentration, inside the membrane of a cell, to the outside
where there is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Place one of each coloured smartie halfway (8cm from the centre) across each of the four lines 4.
Repeat steps 1–3 for the second piece of filter paper 5. Number the first piece of paper with the
number 1 and second piece of paper with the number 2 6. Squirt water once from bottle onto each of
the smarties on both pieces of filter paper 7. Wait for approximately 5–10 minutes before measuring
the extent of colour (diffusion) that has spread from the smartie 8. Tabulate results 9. Use Excel to
calculate averages for data analysing. Also, use Excel to calculate the standard deviation to show
variances in data 10. Graph results into a column graph using Excel
Trials 3 & 4 1. Fold the filter paper into quarters lightly, just enough to obtain clean folds 2.
Pick out two of each of the following smarties: red, blue, purple and orange 3. Place one of each
coloured smartie halfway (8cm from the centre) across each of the four folds 4. Fill the pipette to
halfway and squirt once for each smartie, one piece of filter paper should not need any refills 5.
Repeat steps 1–4 for the second piece of filter paper 6. Number the first piece of paper with the
number 3 and second piece of paper with the number 4 7. Wait for approximately 5–10 minutes

before measuring the extent of colour (diffusion) that has spread from the smartie 8. Tabulate results
9.

Katherine Mansfield's Miss Brill Essay example
"The method a writer takes to bring a character to life" is defined as characterization. "Miss Brill"
by Katherine Mansfield displays the character of Miss Brill as the protagonist, confronted with the
reality of her existence. In the short story "Miss Brill," by Katherine Mansfield, an elderly woman
spends a Sunday afternoon visiting a seaside park as part of her weekly ritual. As a developing
character, Miss Brill is forced to face a harsh reality from her routine events. In the short story,
"Miss Brill," Katherine Mansfield effectively uses various literary techniques to characterize Miss
Brill's complex and interesting character. Mansfield illustrates Miss Brill as an elderly woman in
denial from old age and her lack of human ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Miss Brill "sits in other people's lives," as she watches her life fly away (201). Mansfield suggests
that she finds her life empty, and she finds joy in drama of other people's lives. Her loneliness was
like a bare hole in her heart. Miss Brill seeks out excitement to remove her latent thoughts of her
lonely existence. By using the other people at the park, Miss Brill finds a temporary filling for her
need of companionship. When Miss Brill speaks about the people around her being in a theatrical
production, it makes her "role" in life feel important. (202). "Even she had a part and came every
Sunday... she was part of the performance after all" (202). Mansfield acknowledges a method to
cope with the struggle towards Miss Brill's realization that she is not important in society anymore.
The use of emotional appeal emphasizes the lonely existence faced in the vision of Miss Brill.
Another key characteristic of Miss Brill is her critical behavior. Miss Brill is extremely observant of
the people and the environment in the park. Mansfield proposes her critical trait is related to her
complete mental lack of companionship. Miss Brill observes very detailed things about people that
others would not notice at first glance. "Wasn't the conductor wearing a new coat, too? She was sure
it was new" (201). It is obvious to see Miss Brill as a bit delusional about the happenings around her.
With a detailed eye, Miss Brill also describes how the band

Diffusion Lab Report
Purpose
The purpose of performing part I of this lab was to study the relationship between surface
area/volume with regard to rate of diffusion. We used treated agar blocks to model artificial cells
because their surface area and volume could be easily measured, and they visually show the amount
of diffusion. By using blocks of different sizes (and with different SA: V ratios, we can compare the
rate that diffusion occurred for each block.
Background Information
All molecules are constantly in motion and have kinetic energy. When these molecules are clustered
together and have a high concentration in one area, they tend to collide frequently and spread out.
Even though individual molecules may be moving in all directions, the net movement of molecules
will go from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This spreading out of
molecules is called diffusion. Once the molecules have spread out and reached equal concentration
in all areas of the system, there is a dynamic equilibrium where the molecules continue to move but
there is no net movement. Diffusion also occurs because it increases entropy in the system; when the
molecules spread out, they become more disordered, adhering to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
(entropy increases for all spontaneous processes).
The difference in concentration between two areas forms a concentration gradient; molecules will
diffuse down their concentration gradient. This process is a type of passive transport and requires no

The Acquisition Of Child Language
Introduction
The acquisition of child language has become a heated debate in which many discuss how and when
a child is able to learn both their first and even their second language. The critical period hypothesis
is a theory which claims that after a certain age children will no longer be able to achieve a native
level of fluency in any given language. This essay aims to dissect the evidence which supports and
contradicts this, and will draw upon studies and experiments conducted on both human children and
even more broadly in a number of different species. As children approach the age of 17/18 months
their ability to learn language is accelerated and they enter the 'vocabulary spurt' (lasting several
months) during which they can acquire on average 10 new 'naming' words a day (Beverly A.
Goldeld and J. Steven Reznick, 1990, Early lexical acquisition: rate, content, and the vocabulary
spurt, Journal of Child Language). This phenomena appears to be limited to children of this age,
however could this occur in older children or adolescents, who have experienced a lack of exposure
to language or, who are attempting to learn a second language? Is this speed of acquisition solely
restricted to those in this particular ('sensitive') stage of their lives?
The Critical Period Outlined
The concept of a 'critical period' has been defined in many different ways, however, certain criteria
are often seen in most of the definitions discussed over time: the idea that this period is

Designing A 2x2 Factorial Design With 2
Method
Design
The experiment will utilize a 2x2 factorial design with 2 (presentation style: blocked or interleaved)
x 2 (informational content: high or low). Presentation style will be manipulated between subjects
and informational content will be manipulated within subjects.
Participants
Participants will include forty undergraduate students, ranging in age from eighteen to twenty–three
years. These subjects will be drawn from the Villanova University subject pool, and will receive
course credit in exchange for participating in a single thirty minute research session. They will be
randomly enrolled as subject numbers in the experiment; gender will be a factor of random
selection. All subjects will receive a debriefing form at the conclusion of their session. This study
conforms to research ethics and abides by IRB regulations.
Stimuli and apparatus The materials for this study are computer programmed drawings of beetles.
They have been programmed via the language E–Prime. The drawings of the beetles are randomly
generated based on twelve identifiable/critical dimensions. *The numbers 1–7 represent thickness of
the line of the antennae and sets of legs. The specific function for line width/thickness on ePrime is
cnvs.PenWidth which will create a line ranging from 1–7, 1 being the thinnest of lines and 7 being
the thickest of lines.
Figure 1 The Twelve Identifiable/Critical Stimuli Dimensions
Six categories of beetle drawings were generated based on certain

Formulation, Testing of Hypothesis, and Experimental Design
Name: Joie Vincent R. Dagohoy Date performed: 07–01–13
Student Number: 2009–33281 Date submitted: 07–08–13
Exercise 2
Formulation, Testing of Hypothesis, and Experimental Design
I. Objectives:
a. to define diffusion and demonstrate this process in gases b. to cite molecular weight and time as
two factors affecting the rate of diffusion c. to formulate a hypothesis on the relationship of each of
these factors on the rate of diffusion d. to conduct and experiment to determine the effects of the two
factors on the rate of diffusion e. to compute the partial rate and average rate of diffusion f. to
conclude on the relationships of molecular weight and time on the rate of diffusion
II. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As shown in Table 2.2 and Figure 2.1, the substance that diffused most in the agar through time was
KMnO4, followed by K2 Cr2O7, then lastly, the substance that has no visible diffusion, methylene
blue, having the chemical formula C16H13N3SCl. Just as in the first part of the experiment,
molecular weight is one of the factors that affected the rate of the diffusion of the substances.
KMnO4 is the lightest, having a molecular weight of 163.04 g/mol, followed by Cr2O7 having a
molecular weight of 294.2 g/mol, and lastly, the heaviest, C16H13N3SCl or methylene blue, having
a molecular weight of 319.85 g/mol. There are two factors of diffusion noticeable in this
experiment: the molecular weight of the substance, and the time for the diffusion to occur, where the
longer the time for the diffusion is allowed to occur, the greater the diffusion will be until
equilibrium is reached. However, there could be other factors that can affect diffusion. One factor
could be the difference of the concentrations of the two substances. Another factor could be the
distance for the diffusion to occur. Another factor could be the temperature when the diffusion
happened. Temperature is known to affect most chemical reactions. At higher temperatures,
molecules tend to move faster. Therefore, when molecules move faster, the rate of diffusion of
substances could be faster too. In the second part of the experiment, the factor that affects diffusion
that is experimented is the time

Cell Transport Mechanisms And Permeability Lab Report
PhysioEx™ Lab: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Activity 1: Simple Diffusion Chart 1
Dialysis Results (Average Diffusion rate in mM/min) Solute Membrane (MWCO) 20 50 100 200
NaCl (–) 0.0150 0.0150 0.0150 Urea (–) (–) 0.0094 0.0094 Albumin (–) (–) (–) (–) Glucose (–) (–)
(–) 0.0040 1) Which solute(s) were able to diffuse into the right beaker from the left? NaCl, Urea,
Glucose 2) Which solute(s) did not diffuse? Albumin 3) If the solution in the left beaker contained
both urea and albumin, which membrane(s) could you choose to selectively remove the urea from
the solution in the left beaker? How would you carry out this experiment? 16 min 200 = 4.5 in both
beakers 16 min ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The filtration rate increased as the solute number increased 2) Which solute did not appear in the
filtrate using any of the membranes? Powdered Charcoal 3) What would happen if you increased the
driving pressure? Use the simulation to arrive at an answer. The concentration remained the same
but the filtrate rate increased. 4) Explain how you can increase the filtration rate through living
membranes. By increasing pressure which increases filtration rate. 5) By examining the filtration
results, we can predict that the molecular weight of glucose must be greater than 100 but less than
200. Activity 5: Active Transport 1) Watch the solute concentration windows at the side of each
beaker for any changes in Na+ and K– concentrations. The Na+ transport rate stops before transport
has completed. Why do you think that this happens? The Na/K concentrate have equalized. 2) What
would happen if you did not dispense any ATP? No transport will

Interlations And The Impacts Of Wind And Ocean Interactions
2.1 Wind and ocean interactions
When wind is experienced it mainly impacts the surface waters in the ocean, these waters are
subject to movement. Due to the effects of the Coriolis force air movement is deflected to the left in
the southern hemisphere. A phenomenon known as the Ekman spiral is initiated once water at the
surface begins to move. This surface movement initiates the bottom water layers to move as well to
the left of the force that is driving it. In addition, the Ekman spiral movement begins to weaken at
deeper water depths. The Ekman spiral force is directed downwards where it operates at right angles
to the wind, where in the southern hemisphere it operates to the left. Evidently the physical
atmospheric environment, the wind, interacts with the ocean altering ocean current speed and the
way in which water in its various depths are mixed together (Wanninkhof, 1992).
2.2 Circulation of the thermohaline
In addition to circulation driven by the wind in oceans there is circulation that exists due to
convection. These convection differences exist as a result of alterations in water density which
differs according to temperature and salinity adjustments present at the surface of the ocean.
Downward convection, the movement of heat energy, is administered by the size of what is known
as the thermocline which is commonly referred to as a temperature gradient. This temperature
gradient can be seen in figures 1.1 and 1.2 and it distinguishes warmer surface water from

Biology : Cell Membrane Transport
Cell Membrane Transport
Ard Orpilla
Zoology 2011 Section 16
Manisha Rao
October 6, 2014 Introduction
Cells are the basic units of life. Everything alive consists of cells. In order for cells to perform their
basic functions, it has to continuously seek homeostasis. This is done by structures within the cell. A
structure within the cell is the plasma membrane, which regulates what enters and exits the cell. The
cell membrane contains a phospholipid bilayer which causes the cell to have selective permeability;
"allowing transport of some chemicals but not others" ( ). Specifically, the phospholipid bilayer
allows for the movement of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Conversely, it is not permeable to
ions or polar chemicals. The phospholipid bilayer is in possession of hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions, which are the polar heads and tails, respectively. This is important because the head attracts
water while the tail repels water, thus regulating the substances entering and exiting the cell. When
substances pass through the plasma membrane, they use passive or active transport. Whether either
transport type is used is determined by the concentration gradient, which is the difference of
concentration between areas. In an active transport, the cell must use adenosine triphosphate, or
ATP, which is produced by the mitochondria of the cell and is energy used by the body, because the
substance is moving from a lower concentration gradient to a higher

Migration of Atoms: Basics of Diffusion Essay
B1.1 Introduction
In a sample having non–uniform composition of certain kind of atoms, a concentration gradient is
set in, which leads to migration of atoms from region of their higher concentration to the region of
lower concentration. This phenomenon is referred to as Diffusion and continues till atomic
distribution becomes homogeneous throughout.
The diffusion process plays an important role in the field of metallurgy and fabrication of extrinsic
semiconductors. The technology of controlled diffusion plays a sensitive role in accomplishment of
desired devices. The metals, in their pure form, are soft and do not possess large tensile strength.
Their properties can be modified by the process of alloying in a controlled manner. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example diffusion of copper in copper (b) Inter–diffusion in which the solute atoms are different
from the solvent atoms as in the case steel where solvent is iron whereas solute atoms are those of
carbon and many other elements.
The phenomenon of diffusion of solute atoms into the solvent environment may occur through the
following mechanisms:
(a) Vacancy mechanism where the solute atoms lie in the vacancy and moves to other available
vacancy. Atoms can move from one site to another if there are vacancies and the atom has sufficient
energy to overcome a local activation energy barrier. The activation energy for diffusion is the sum
of energy required to form a vacancy and further cause its motion.
(b) Interstitial Mechanism is applicable in case of small atoms like hydrogen, helium, carbon,
nitrogen diffuse through the interstitial spaces in a crystal. The activation energy for diffusion is the
energy required for these atoms to squeeze through the small voids between the host lattice atoms.
B1.3 Macroscopic Model of Diffusion
B1.3.1 Steady State Diffusion: Fick's I Law
The process of diffusion is time dependent which implies that one needs to study the quantity of
solute material that gets transported in solvent is a function of time. This time dependent mass
transfer is often represented by a quantity called diffusion flux (J) which is defined as the solute
mass transferred in unit time through a unit cross–sectional area placed perpendicular to the

Exercise 1
Activity 1:
1. Did any solutes move through the 20 MWCO membrane? Why or Why not?
2. Did Na+Cl– move through the 50 MWCO membrane?
Activity 2:
1. Are the solutes moving with or against their concentration gradient in facilitated diffusion?
2. What happened to the rate of facilitated diffusion when the number of carrier proteins was
increased?
3. In the simulation you added Na+Cl– to test its effect on glucose diffusion. Explain why there was
no effect.
Activity 3:
1. Which membrane resulted in the greatest pressure with Na+Cl– as the solute? Why?
2. Explain what happens to the osmotic pressure with increasing solute concentration.
3. If the solutes are allowed to diffuse, is osmotic pressure generated?
4. If the solute ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Do you think urea will diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? Your answer : c. No, not at all.
Predict Question 2: Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide, albumin is a protein with 607 amino
acids, and the average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. Which of the
following will be able to diffuse through the 200 MWCO membrane? Your answer : c. glucose only
Stop & Think Questions: The reason sodium chloride didn't diffuse left to right is that You
correctly answered: c. the membrane pore size was too small. Glucose is a six–carbon sugar.
Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The average molecular weight of a single amino acid is
135 g/mole. There is no reason to run these solutes at the 20 MWCO because You correctly
answered: d. glucose and albumin are both too large to pass.
The rate of diffusion for urea You correctly answered: b. is slower than that for sodium because urea
is a larger molecule.
Experiment Data: Solute Na+ ClUrea Na+ ClNa+ ClNa+ ClUrea Glucose Albumin MWCO 20 20
50 50 100 100 200 200 Solute Concentration 9.00 9.00 9.00 18.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 Average
Diffusion Rate 0.0000 0.0000 0.0150 0.0300 0.0150 0.0094 0.0040 0.0000
Post–lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. The effect of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from 9 mM to 18 mM in the left
beaker was to You correctly answered: b. increase the rate of diffusion.
2. Describe the difference

Solar Modulation Of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) has been a subject of intense research, especially to
assess the continuously changing behaviour of the sun and its influence on cosmic rays. This
modulation of GCR intensity associated with ~11–year solar activity cycle has been studied from
past several decades (e.g., Forbush, 1954; Burlaga et al., 1985; Venkatesan and Badruddin, 1990;
Storini et al., 1995; Sabbah and Rybansky, 2006; Kudela, 2009; Ahluwalia et al., 2010; Heber, 2013;
Chowdhury, Kudela, and Dwivedi, 2013; and references therein). The long–term GCR modulation
shows ~22–year cycle related to the solar magnetic cycle as the solar polarity reverses near solar
maximum of very activity cycle; the polarity dependant effects on cosmic rays have also been an
area of active research (e.g., Jokipii, Levy, and Hubbard, 1977; Potgieter and Moraal, 1985; Smith
and Thomas, 1986; Cliver and Ling, 2001; Kota 2013; Potgieter, 2014; Laurenza et al., 2014;
Potgieter et al., 2014; Thomas, Owens, and Lockwood, 2014; Thomas et al., 2014; and references
therein).
The ~11/~22 –year GCR intensity modulation in anti–phase with solar activity shows some time lag.
This time lag has been observed to vary from solar cycle–to–cycle (odd/even cycle) and polarity
epoch–to–epoch (positive/negative epoch) (e.g., Mavromichalaki, Belehaki, and Rafois, 1998; Kane,
2003; Badruddin, Singh, and Singh, 2007; Singh, Singh, and Badruddin, 2008; Inceoglu et al., 2014;
Kane 2014). However, a number of

Diffusion Is The Net Movement Essay
NAME: Partrice Davis (Isata Sheriff, Marianne Fafana, Binta Bojang)
TITLE: Dye Diffusion
INTRODUCTION Diffusion is the net movement in which molecules of a substance move from a
various area of high concentration to more substances of lower concentration. Properties of diffusion
is the speed of diffusion is influenced by the size of molecule and temperature. The rate of diffusion
will depend on the ability of the diffusing molecule to dissolve in the lipid bilayer of the membrane.
The rate of diffusion across a membrane is directly proportional to the surface area of the
membrane. Diffusion is often referred to as the net motion of particles from areas of high
concentration to areas of low concentration. The solute is a substance that can be dissolved in a
mixture or solution usually in smaller amounts. Factors that would affect the rate consist of the size
of the gradient, molecule size, electric charge, lipid solubility, temperature, and the presence of
membrane channel proteins. Substances involved in diffusion include gas, small organic ions, and
molecules, and lipid soluble materials. Simple diffusion is the unsupported transport across a plasma
membrane of the lipid soluble. Certain particles like alcohol, fatty acids, and steroids are able to
enter cells easily because they can diffuse through the lipid portion of the membrane. Lipid soluble
drugs such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water may be able to enter and leave the cells by
diffusing through the

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