future of science

2.  Introduction
 History
 Laws of robotics
 Robotics technology
 Types of robots
 purpose of using
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 what is robot?
In our imagination, robot is a machine
that looks and acts like a human being.
A robot is an automatic device that
performs function normally ascribed by
humans or a machine in the form of
human.

4.  what is robotics ?
Robotics is the branch of science that
deals with the design, construction,
operation and application of robots
and computes systems for their
control, sensory, feedback and
information processing.

5. History
 The word robot comes from the word “Robota”
which means “forced labor or serf”.
 the word robotics was first used in “Runaround” a
short story by Isaac Asimov.

6. J.F.Engel bergeris is known as father
of robotics.
 He introduced first robot named
“UNIMATE”.

7. Laws of robotics :-
Law 1 :-
A robot may not injure a human being through inaction.
 law 2 :-
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings.
 law 3 :-
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with first law.

8. Robotic technology
Most industrial robots have at least following parts :-
 Manipulator
 End effectors
 Actuators
 Sensors
Controller
 Processor
 Softwares

9. 1. Manipulator or rover:-
This is the main body of
robot i.e. is links, joints,
other structural element
of robot.
2. End effectors ;-
It is the device at the
end of a robotic arm
designed to interact
with environment.

10. 3. Actuators
These are the muscles of manipulators consists of
servomotor, stepper motor, pneumatic and hydraulic
cylinder.
4. sensors
It is the core of robot
It alerts the robot

11. 5. Controller
It controls and co-ordinates the motion of the
actuators.
6. processor
It calculate the motion and velocity of the robot’s
joints, etc.
7. software
It is the operating software that controls the robot.

12. Types of robots :-
The following types of robots are used in day to day
life.
1. Mobile robots
2. Stationary robots
3. Autonomous robots
4. Remote control robots
5. Virtual robots
6. Military robots
7. Medical robots

13. Mobile robot
These robots are able to move, usually the
perform task such as to search different areas.
A prime example is the mars explorer which is
designed to roam on the mars surface.
These are a great help to search collapse
buildings for survivors, where people cant go.
There are two types of mobile robots :-
A. Rolling robots
B. Walking robots

14. Rolling robot
These robots have wheels to move around.
These are the types of robots that can quickly and easily search
different hazardous areas where human beings cant go.
These are only useful in flat areas and cannot be used in rocky
and hill area.

15. Walking robot
These types of robots have legs to move around
These types of robots could travel easily to rocky and
terrain places where the rolling robots cant go.
They usually have 4 to 6 legs or even more .

16. Example of walking robot :-
Robug III
Robug III is designed to operate in radioactive areas like
the core of a nuclear reactor.
It has eight legs with vacuum gripper
Robug III can walk over obstacles and even climb walls.
Strong for its small size which can drag loads of over 220
pounds .

17. Stationary robots
Stationary robots perform repeating tasks without ever
moving an inch.
These are helpful in industry sector and also known as
industrial robots.
Especially dull and repeating tasks are suitable for
these robots.

18. Autonomous robot
These are self supporting or in other words self contained
robots.
Autonomous robots run a program that depend upon their
surroundings at that time in their brain.
Autonomous robots can learn to walk without wheels and
avoid obstacles finding in their way.

19. Remote control robots
These robots are also called as “Telerobots” because these
are controlled by remotes.
The memory and brain capacity is usually limited in
autonomous robots as compared to remote control robots.
Hence all complicated tasks are performed by remote
control robots.

20. Virtual robots
These robots don't exist in real life.
Virtual robots are just program building blocks
of software inside a computer.
A virtual robot can stimulate a real robot.
Search engines use this types of robots. They
search the world wide web and send the
information to the search engines.

21. Military robots
Military robots are autonomous robot or
remote-controlled devices designed for
military applications. Some robots can be
used to save some soldiers or save hurt
civilians.
Examples of military robots :-
 Daksh
 Goal keeper

22. DAKSH
It is one of the most recent military robot.
It is electrically powered and remote controlled used
to locate and destroy risky objects like diffusing
bombs.

23. GOAL KEEPER
This military robot is a Dutch close in weapon system
that helps to defend ships from incoming missiles as
well as ballistic shells.
This system generally comprises of auto cannon and
advanced radar that tracks in incoming fire.

24. Medical robots
There are some robots which are also used in medical
fields. For example :-
1. Surgical robots
2. Rehabilitational robots
3. Biorobots

25. Surgical robots
A surgical robot is a robot that allows
surgeons greater access to areas under
operation using more precise and less invasive
methods.

26. Rehabilitational robot
The field of rehabilitation robotic develops robotic
system that assist persons who have a disability with
necessary activities or that provide therapy for
persons seeking to improve physical or cognitive
function.

27. Biorobots
Biorobotics is the use of biological characteristics in living
organisms as the knowledge base for developing
new robot designs.
The term can also refer to the use of biological specimens as
functional robot components.

28. Purpose of using robots
 perform repetitive and boring tasks.
 perform hazardous tasks
 increases the production capacity in
industries.
 exploring space
 exploring volcanoes
 exploring underwater

29. Disadvantages
1) People can lose jobs in factories
2) It needs a supply of power
3) It needs maintenance to keep it
running
4) It costs money to make or buy a robot

30. CONCLUSION
Today we find most robots working for people
in industries, factories, warehouses, and
laboratories. Robots are useful in many ways.
Finally, as the technology improves, there will
be new ways to use robots which will bring new
hopes and new potentials.