role of agriculture in our life

1. Agriculture: How much Important??Agriculture: How much Important??
(for National Development)(for National Development)

2. AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
IMPORTANCE IN EPICSIMPORTANCE IN EPICS
INCREASE IN GRAIN PRODUCTIONINCREASE IN GRAIN PRODUCTION
FROM 50MILL TONS TO 200MILLTONSFROM 50MILL TONS TO 200MILLTONS
VARIATION IN AGRI GROWTH INVARIATION IN AGRI GROWTH IN
DIFFERENT PARTS OF COUNTRYDIFFERENT PARTS OF COUNTRY
TARGET GROWTH RATE OF 4%TARGET GROWTH RATE OF 4%

3. Its’ importance…….Its’ importance…….
 PROVIDES RAW MATERIAL FORPROVIDES RAW MATERIAL FOR
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.
 IMPORTANCE IN CULTURES,IMPORTANCE IN CULTURES,
TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS.TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS.
 PROVIDES LIVELIHOOD TO 70% OFPROVIDES LIVELIHOOD TO 70% OF
LABOR FORCE.LABOR FORCE.
 IMPORTANCE IN INTERNATIONALIMPORTANCE IN INTERNATIONAL
TRADE.TRADE.

4. FOREIGN TRADEFOREIGN TRADE
(In US $(In US $
billion)billion)
2000-012000-01 2001-022001-02 2002-032002-03
EXPORTEXPORT 44.144.1 43.843.8 51.751.7
IMPORTIMPORT 50.050.0 50.750.7 59.459.4
BALANCEBALANCE -5.90-5.90 -6.9-6.9 -7.7-7.7

5. DATAS (DATAS (in croresin crores))
1970-711970-71 1980-811980-81 1990-911990-91 1995-961995-96 1998-991998-99
GDPGDP 3970839708 122427122427 477814477814 10062861006286 16123831612383
GDP INGDP IN
AGRIAGRI
1682116821 4246642466 135162135162 255613255613 428680428680
TOTALTOTAL
EXPORTEXPORT
SS
15351535 67116711 3255832558 106353106353 141604141604
AGRIAGRI
EXPORTEXPORT
SS
487487 20572057 60196019 2034420344 2522525225

6.  INDIA ATTAINED SELF-SUFFICIENCYINDIA ATTAINED SELF-SUFFICIENCY
IN FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION IN 1998.IN FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION IN 1998.
 FOOD PRODUCTION IN 2003-04 ISFOOD PRODUCTION IN 2003-04 IS
210.8 MILLION TONS.210.8 MILLION TONS.
 GROWTH RATE WAS HIGHER IN 1996-GROWTH RATE WAS HIGHER IN 1996-
97…..i.e, 9.6%97…..i.e, 9.6%
 AGRICULTURE GROWTH HAS GOTAGRICULTURE GROWTH HAS GOT
MULTIPLIER EFFECT IN ECONOMYMULTIPLIER EFFECT IN ECONOMY..

7.  INDIA HAS GOT 130 MILL HA OFINDIA HAS GOT 130 MILL HA OF
CULTIVABLE LANDCULTIVABLE LAND
 12.9% OF POPULATION OWNS 65% OF12.9% OF POPULATION OWNS 65% OF
THE CULTIVATED AREA.THE CULTIVATED AREA.
 AGRICULTURE IS THE MAJORAGRICULTURE IS THE MAJOR
SOURCE OF INCOME FOR TWO-SOURCE OF INCOME FOR TWO-
THIRDS OF THE POPULATIONTHIRDS OF THE POPULATION
 3% GROWTH IN AGRI LEAD TO 2.6%3% GROWTH IN AGRI LEAD TO 2.6%
GROWTH OF INDUSTRY.GROWTH OF INDUSTRY.

8. NET CAPITA AVAILABILITY OFNET CAPITA AVAILABILITY OF
FOOD GRAINSFOOD GRAINS
 NET AVAILABILITY OF FOOD GRAINS=NET AVAILABILITY OF FOOD GRAINS=
GROSS PRODUCTION-SEED-FEED-GROSS PRODUCTION-SEED-FEED-
WASTAGE-EXPORTS+IMPORTS-----(1)WASTAGE-EXPORTS+IMPORTS-----(1)
(1)/POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR A YR(1)/POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR A YR
1951 – 394.9gm1951 – 394.9gm
2002 – 491.2gm2002 – 491.2gm

9. Geographic area= 328.73 m haGeographic area= 328.73 m ha
Net area sown = 141.23Net area sown = 141.23
Total cropped area = 189.74Total cropped area = 189.74
Area sown more than once = 48.51Area sown more than once = 48.51
m ham ha
Cropping intensity = 134.3 m haCropping intensity = 134.3 m ha
Gross irrigated area = 76.34 mhaGross irrigated area = 76.34 mha
Net irrigated area = 57.24 mhaNet irrigated area = 57.24 mha

10. PRODUCTION OF CROPSPRODUCTION OF CROPS
(2002-03)(2002-03)
 RICE- 75.72 MILLION TONNESRICE- 75.72 MILLION TONNES
----W. BENGAL IS THE MAJOR----W. BENGAL IS THE MAJOR
PRODUCER—16.39%PRODUCER—16.39%
 WHEAT-69.32 MILLION TONESWHEAT-69.32 MILLION TONES
---- U.P IS THE MAJOR PRODUCER—---- U.P IS THE MAJOR PRODUCER—
34.84%34.84%
FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION = 182.57FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION = 182.57
MILL TONNESMILL TONNES

11. Minimum support pricesMinimum support prices
 Paddy = 5.50/- per KgPaddy = 5.50/- per Kg
 Maize = 5.05/- Per kgMaize = 5.05/- Per kg
 Cotton = 13.60 /- per baleCotton = 13.60 /- per bale

12. POPULATION OFPOPULATION OF
AGRICULTURAL WORKERSAGRICULTURAL WORKERS
YRYR TOTALTOTAL
POPULATIPOPULATI
ON(million)ON(million)
AGRICULTAGRICULT
UREURE
LABOURELABOURE
RSRS
CULTIVATCULTIVAT
ORSORS
(million)(million)
19511951 361.1361.1 27.327.3
(19.5%)(19.5%)
69.969.9
(49.9%)(49.9%)
20012001 10271027 107.5107.5
(million)(million)
127.6127.6

13. SHARE OF PUBLIC SECTORSHARE OF PUBLIC SECTOR
OUTLAY & EXPENDITUREOUTLAY & EXPENDITURE
PLANPLAN PLANPLAN
OUTLAYOUTLAY
(CRORES)(CRORES)
% SHARE TO% SHARE TO
TOTALTOTAL
OUTLAYOUTLAY
NINTH PLANNINTH PLAN 42,46242,462 4.9%4.9%
TENTH PLANTENTH PLAN 20,66820,668 5.2%5.2%

14. DARKER SIDE OFDARKER SIDE OF
AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
 CAPITAL INADEQUACYCAPITAL INADEQUACY
 LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURELACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE
 CONSTRAINTS IN DEMAND SIDECONSTRAINTS IN DEMAND SIDE
 INSUFFICIENCY IN INPUT SUBSIDIESINSUFFICIENCY IN INPUT SUBSIDIES
IN AGRI EXPENDITURE.IN AGRI EXPENDITURE.

15. Problems in Indian AgricultureProblems in Indian Agriculture
1.Inherent Problem of irrigation:1.Inherent Problem of irrigation:
 63% of arable land is rainfed.63% of arable land is rainfed.
 Only 35 % of production come from that.Only 35 % of production come from that.
2.Fragmented land holdings:2.Fragmented land holdings:
 Average size of land holdings declining.Average size of land holdings declining.
 59% of operational land is marginal59% of operational land is marginal
holdings i.e.less than 1 hectare.holdings i.e.less than 1 hectare.

16. 3.Indiscriminate use of HYVs and3.Indiscriminate use of HYVs and
declining productivity.declining productivity.
Use of more inputs like fertilizers andUse of more inputs like fertilizers and
pesticides.pesticides.
Reduction in soil fertility.Reduction in soil fertility.
Crop failures and suicides.Crop failures and suicides.
4.Structural problems.4.Structural problems.
Limited liberalization in Agriculture.Limited liberalization in Agriculture.
Dangerous shift towards cash crops.Dangerous shift towards cash crops.
Need for sustainable growth.Need for sustainable growth.

17. Problems continued……..Problems continued……..
5.Lack of proper agricultural policies:5.Lack of proper agricultural policies:
 Reform in agriculture sector.Reform in agriculture sector.
 Open trade policies.Open trade policies.
 Weak agricultural research base.Weak agricultural research base.
6.Lack of Integrated approach towards6.Lack of Integrated approach towards
Wasteland developmentWasteland development
 175 mha of land under some degradation.175 mha of land under some degradation.
 Overgrazing and overexploitation of land.Overgrazing and overexploitation of land.
 Long term investment required.Long term investment required.

18. Suggestions:Suggestions:
 Proper post harvest technologies.Proper post harvest technologies.
 Training centers for farmers.Training centers for farmers.
 National centre for crop forecastingNational centre for crop forecasting
 Integrated crop insurance schemes.Integrated crop insurance schemes.
 Regeneration of wastelands at communityRegeneration of wastelands at community
level.level.
 Increase in plan allocation of Agriculture.Increase in plan allocation of Agriculture.
 Bring more area under irrigation through fiveBring more area under irrigation through five
year plans.year plans.