Marketing Communications Plan

Marketing Communications Plan
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction and Confirmation of Briefing 3
2.0 Situation Analysis 3
2.1 Market Size and Major Competitors 3
2.2 Trends 4
2.3 Customers 5
3.0 Communication Objectives 6
4.0 Strategy – Target Audience 7
4.1 Demographics 7
4.2 Geographics 9
4.3 Behaviouristics 9
4.4 Psychographics 10
4.5 Pen profile summary 11
5.0 Creative Strategy 12
5.1 Positioning 12
5.2 Creative Approach 13
Introduction and Confirmation of Briefing
We are Swift Marketing who operates as a full service agency and we have been given the task of
creating a strategic communications plan for William's and Glyn's Bank for the duration of one year.
The budget given to us is £10 million.
Situation Analysis
1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We should aim to obtain a certain amount of market share after our communications plan is
implemented.
Obtain 10% of the market share by year 3

Strategy – Target Audience
After analysis, it has been decided that the target audience will be very large but will include
different types of customers for specific communications. Most of the audience that the
communications will appeal to will already have set–up a bank account or have taken out a
mortgage. Therefore, it has been decided that rather than creating a better–value image for Williams
and Glyn's Bank, it is better to communicate to customers who are looking for a trustworthy bank.
1 Demographics
Age
Age of target audience has been considered carefully because if media advertisement is to be most
effective, it must target age ranges depending on where and when those advertisements will be seen.
There are 2 types of banking for individual customers: Personal banking and Private banking.
Personal banking has products such as the current account and this will attract a larger age range, for
example students as well as people from the ages of 23–55. Students are aged between 18–22 and
this account is only suitable for students at university. They offer interest–free overdrafts that help
students to
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Abbey Acquisition by Banco Santander Essay
M&A in the Financial Services
2005
Outline
<ol>
<li value="1"> Abstract
<li value="2"> Introduction
<li value="3"> Body
<li value="3">1 Reasons for acquisition
<li value="3">2 Benefits for both parties
<li value="3">3 Royal Bank of Scotland
<li value="3">4 Shares
<li value="3">5 Cooperation between Santander and RBS
<li value="3">6 Potential growth benefit
<li value="3">7 Santander and Abbey before acquisition
<li value="3">8 Some problems remaining
<li value="4"> Conclusion
<li value="5"> References
</ol>
Abstract
The shareholders also have benefit from the acquisition: Abbey's shareholders have the opportunity
to own a significant part of the Banco Santander. Under the terms of acquisition, Abbey ... Show
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In February the bank announced the best results in the history of the company: earnings increase
20% to $4 billion. 6,400 employees moved into the bank's $730 million headquarters. Nevertheless,
there are still clouds on the horizon. The profit indicators for 2004 do not include Abbey which lost
money in 2003 and is not fully integrated into company yet.
Mergers and acquisitions in financial services business area are very common and result in
consolidation of the business unit. Acquisition is beneficial for all sides involved and Santander's
acquisition of Abbey National of the UK is an evidence of this. Abbey has a major position in the

United Kingdom mortgage market. Its strong distribution network represents for Banco Santander
and Abbey shareholders a valuable opportunity: application of Banco Santander's commercial and
technological practices to Abbey's banking operations.
Banco Santander is a Spanish bank with an international presence which was established in 1857.
Today it is one of the largest banks in the world with approximately 41 million customers and it is
present in the more than 10 countries. In addition, according to the statistics at 31 December 2003,
the Banco Santander Group was the second largest banking group. Its value is Ђ44.8 billions
and total assets are Ђ351.8 billions. In addition, Ђ108.9 billions is saved in mutual
funds and pension funds. It

Selection of an Appropriate Investment Plan
Investments the company will engage will consist only of investments with high moral and ethical
character. The management, after a thorough investigation of their background and subsequent
accolades should be of the highest standard of integrity. Any form of misconduct or misdeeds in the
recent past will disqualify the company from investment. Through social investments, the company
can increase resources dedicated to the overall socially conscious initiative and create ways by
which the same money can be reinvested over and over again. Below are three categories which
should help in assisting the selection of socially responsible investments. Program–related
investments: Investments that support charitable purposes aligned with the company's mission
statement. Program–related investments form many companies are generally structured as loans,
loan guarantees, or equity investments. Mission–related deposits: Deposits made to federally
insured depository institutions including traditional banks, community development financial
institutions, and credit unions. This is similar in concept to basic consumer banking of check and
savings accounts. These deposits are used primarily for socially conscious issues that require
immediate funding. They are generally structured as insured certificates of deposit or share
certificates. Mission–related investments: Investments that are intended to generate market rates of
return but have a social benefit as well. Every recession

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and...
An investigation into the differences between retail and investment banks
Over the past decades, retail banks have remained the main commercial bank for consumers, rather
than corporations or other banks. The investment bank has become more popular amongst
individuals, corporations and governments which are interested in raising their profits. Retail banks
and investment banks have different organizational structures and activities. So they have many
differences, such as services, customers and profits. And this report aims to distinguish between the
retail bank and the investment bank in order to identify their specific service areas. Firstly, the
author will review some literature focusing on the definitions. Secondly, the author will ... Show
There are also many advantages of the investment banks which usually provide services for the
company. First of all, most of the investment banks are global company and it can provide services
more widely than the retail banks. Such as Morgan Stanley is a leading global financial services
firm providing a wide range of investment banking, securities, investment management and wealth
management It reports US$779 billion as assets under its management. Its headquarter located in
Midtown Manhattan , New York City. It has companies in 37 countries with over 1,200 offices,
employees dedicated to local businesses, government agencies, institutions and individuals. So the
investment banks can provide the services (such as trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments,
foreign exchange and commodities) all over the world. Secondly, the revenue of the investment
banks significantly more than profit of other types of banks. If you save your extra money in the
retail banks, you can only get the interest from the rates. But if you sand your money to the
investment banks you can get remarkable returns although it has a high risk. For example the
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American investment bank and securities. And it provides mergers
and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its
clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. Amazingly, the company in US
profits reached a

Corporate Governance RBS Essay
The Royal Bank of Scotland Case
Nicole Kraemer (413991)
The rise and fall of the Royal Bank of Scotland is characterized by poor corporate governance
which allowed for the complete dominance of the executive management over the board of directors
and a massive principal–agent problem. Positive social dynamics and the power of weak ties
allowed for compliance while intimidation and bullying tactics silenced questions, concerns and
opposition. The board's utter compliancy and borderline negligence enabled rampant, unchecked
empire–building at the cost of shareholder value and led to a spiral of unaccountability and gross
incompetence. Stakeholders' loss of confidence from misinformation and misdirection was an
inevitability that sealed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Talks about the legality of the merger delayed the sale of ABN, during which the housing market
situation worsened and analysts warned that the crisis was spreading up investment chain. During
this time, Goodwin admitted that RBS is involved in subprime mortgage trading but only
minimally17.
Here we see a failure of the board to look at management critically. They accepted only the
information presented to them by the CEO and did not demand a better picture on the state of RBS's
business in mortgage trading even while the CEO's story seemed to constantly be changing. The
board exists as a watchdog to the executive management yet nothing was done to hold the CEO
accountable to the truth.
Meanwhile, Goodwin ignored warnings of the worsening crisis while at the same time failing to
conduct a due diligence assessment of ABN's assets and in October 2007 the consortium secured the
takeover for €71bn18,19. The deal was unanimously approved by the RBS board and the payment
made in cash from the bank's reserves. This led to a fatal mismatch of the long–term assets and
short–term liabilities.
By December it had become apparent that ABN was heavily entrenched in exposure to subprime
loans and RBS lost over £1.5bn20. Despite repeated denials that RBS would not have to resort to
inorganic capital growth, Goodwin confirmed they would sell £12bn in new shares a couple months
later21. Faith rapidly evaporated, the market was thrown into chaos and share prices

Essay on Royal Bank of Scotland
Case Study: The Royal Bank of Scotland Group
Executive Summary
Today, The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) is one of the biggest banking institutions with its
capabilities to provide world–class services whilst maintaining its reputation as a top financial
services provider in the banking industry. Its leadership in this market is remarkable, and so are the
ways the bank's governing body has been able to manage the complexities, challenges and changes
that come with the industry.
Understanding that the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) has recently undertaken a series of changes,
this report provides an outlook of the approaches RBS has taken to manage those changes. This
report also includes the assessment of the success that RBS has ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
RBS is also known for its ability to create management roles and organization structures. In fact, it
has become one major component of its expansion. RBS was remarkable in its acquisition strategy,
especially in the nineteenth and twentieth century (House of Commons Treasury Committee 2009,
p.18). By then, RBS was already renowned as a "a leading banking partner to major corporations
and financial institutions around the world, providing an extensive range of debt financing, risk
management and investment services to its customers" (The Royal Bank of Scotland 2012).
HR management and policies are other important approaches RBS was actively implementing
before and continuing at present with refinements based on the current market needs. Such of these
include major adjustments such as being quick to adopt major changes. At present, RBS is quick to
employ strengthening of its employee relations by making sure the right reward goes to the right
person. This strategy creates a certain form of motivation that does not only promote quality, but
substantial form of quantity at the same time.
Finally, RBS has the ability to make use of the adoption of existing opportunities from its external
environment. In 2007, RBS was quick to adopt new technology for the hope of delivering high
customer value and increase profitability.
Evaluating RBS success with emancipated changes The success of RBS with initiating changes lies
on its level of control obtained for

If Scotland Goes, Bankers Fear Britain Could Exit The...
The article "If Scotland goes, bankers fear Britain could exit the European Union" was written by
Jenny Anderson, published in The New York Times on 11th September 2014. This article brings out
a completely new perspective regarding Scotland's independence. Every news article nowadays has
been focusing on the political aspect of Scotland's independence, but Anderson focuses on one of
the major consequences which might occur if Scotland becomes an independent country, and that is
the exit of Britain from the European Union (EU), which most people are calling 'Brexit'. Brexit is
not a just a political debacle, but also a great financial issue. The author points out that it is
considered to be a bigger concern than Scotland's independence. Bankers and other financial sectors
feel that Brexit can cause a huge deal of loss, because Britain is said to be the gateway for the rest of
the 28 nation European Union, a market which holds about 500 million more than what is prevalent
in the United States and Japan combined. Anderson feels that for most big businesses like Goldman
Sachs or Citigroup, London is the financial capital, which provides a gateway for nearly all of
Europe. Without the unregulated access, the free flow of capital, resources, talent and goods and
services would have to be renegotiated, making it difficult for the European nations. The financial
industry is said to be the most affected since it accounts for about 7 percent of Britain's gross

Financial Governance And Corporate Governance
Introduction This report provides an in depth analysis of RBS's corporate governance failure, in
order to provide the reader with the appreciation of the key role that corporate governance plays in
successful businesses and in social welfare. The RBS scandal is a perfect illustration of weak
corporate governance and failure of checks and balances by the required institutions which inflates
from the UK government to Auditing companies. The main objective of such report is to directly
address the RBS corporate governance scandal which affected a large portion of the UK economy in
2008. By doing so the writer applies relevant corporate governance theories, as he finds appropriate.
In 2007, RBS stood as one of the ecosphere's greatest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In analysing such case study the main corporate governance theories discussed by the writer are the
following. The principle agent theory. The governance perspective is perceived as a contract
between Sir Fred Goodwin and the Shareholders. Such theory emphasis the fact that Sir Freed
Goodwin seeks to maximize his personal benefit and doesn't implement the assumed objective in
finance which clearly states that the agent should take investment and economic judgments with the
aim of long–term shareholder wealth maximization. RBS is a large company and as many big
corporation has a pervasive impact on society, which obligates accountability to many more sectors
of society and not only shareholders( Pearce, 1982; Freeman,1984 Hill and Jones,1992) and as the
case study demonstrates, in many instances RBS experiences a conflict of interest between different
stakeholders. Board Structure (RBS annual report 2008) Figura 1 Figure 1 illustrates RBS board
structure as presented on its 2008 annual report, given the reader a demonstration of how the power
was distributed within the organisation. Although at first appearance such structure seems

A Report on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking...
A Report on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking Industry 1. Introduction This report
focuses on NatWest and the industry in which it operates. The purpose of the report is to give a
concise but accurate view of how NatWest operates as an organisation and the links between its
environment, in this case the banking industry. Company History =============== National
Westminster Bank came into being in 1968 when National Provincial Bank and Westminster Bank
merged and began trading on 1st January 1970. This allowed the bank to expand and venture into
new services such as credit cards and computer–linked cash dispensers. The 1980's saw deregulation
of the financial markets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The £21 billion deal is the largest take–over in the history of British Banking. NatWest is now part
of the second largest financial services group in the UK and Europe and the fifth largest in the world
by market capitalisation. What will the report tell us? The report will identify and evaluate the
significant problems and issues which NatWest is facing and the banking industry as a whole. Once
these issues are identified it will then be possible to identify any potential consequences which
NatWest is likely to face if they are not addressed, the use of relevant analytical tools will make this
possible. The report will then suggest and analyse alternative solutions to potential problems by
weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of any proposed solutions. The findings of the
analysis will be critically evaluated in order to achieve the main aim of the report in the conclusion
from which suitable recommendations will be made. These recommendations will acknowledge all
the problems identified in the analysis and evaluation and advice how they may be dealt with. 2.
Evaluation Industry Analysis ================= The British banking industry has come under
extreme scrutiny over recent years and it is likely to continue during the foreseeable future. The
perceived anti–competitive nature is as a result of

Banking of Uk
1. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 and its impact on the UK and other economies
Do you still feel vague about the causes and the effects of the financial crisis of 2007/8? Are you
preparing for a job interview in either the private or public sector?
The events of 2007/8 have shaped both the current UK commercial and business scene and are now
having a massive effect on the public sector. Similar impacts are being felt across Europe and the
wider world. Knowing a bit more about what happened might give you more confidence going into
the interview! This leaflet will give you a basic understanding of the causes of the financial crisis of
2007/2008 and the impact which it had on the UK and other economies. Topics covered are:   
  ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lenders will charge higher interest rates than for conventional mortgages as they seek to
compensate for carrying higher risk).
Banks became increasingly worried about both the value of their own mortgage books and
particularly the value of the mortgage–securitised investments they had bought from other
institutions As a result they became reluctant to lend to other banks in the short–term money
markets. This crisis of confidence led to major liquidity problems for many banks and insurance
companies worldwide. Liquidity means the ability of institutions, including banks, to meet their
short term obligations including repayment of short term loans.
The oil price eventually peaked at $147 per barrel in mid 2008.
How did the crisis develop during 2008?
The Bank of England had to provide financial support to the Northern Rock Building Society in the
latter part of 2007, to prevent a run on the society's cash by depositors. It became necessary to
formally nationalise Northern Rock in February 2008 (i.e. the Government became its major
shareholder, having used taxpayers' money to support it). Early in 2008 a major US investment
bank, Bear Stearns, had to be rescued by J.P. Morgan with US Government support. The crisis
deepened in the summer of 2008 and on the 7th September 2008, two
major US mortgage finance operations, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,

Risk Management Task 1a
JIT Task 1 Risk Management
Risk Management
From the last decade risk management is the most researched and exciting area in the financial
industry as it elaborates how to minimize and avert the hazard of risk from the portfolios of different
assets and from the operations of financial institutions. Regulators and depositors mainly emphasize
the risk management and according to them risk management is an essential ingredient to enhance
the value of shareholders and increase their level of confidence. Risk management is the assessment
of risks to mitigate, monitor and control the probability or impact on uncertain events. Risk
management methods vary from industry to industry for instance it cannot be same for project
management, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Companies and
governments operating in the complex economic environment of the 21st century must contend
with a broad range of risks. Some do so in an adhoc or reactive fashion, responding to risks as they
appear, whilst others are proactive, planning in advance the risks that they wish to assume and how
they can best manage them. Since it has become clear over the past few years that risk can be
financially damaging when neglected, anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that institutions
increasingly opt for formalized processes to manage uncertainties that can lead to losses. Risk can
be classified in a number of ways and though we do not intend to present a detailed taxonomy of
risk, a brief overview is useful in order to frame my discussion. To begin, risk can be divided
broadly into financial risk and operating risk. Financial risk is the risk of loss arising from the
movement of a market or performance of a counterparty and can be segregated into market risk (the
risk of loss due to movement in market references, such as interest rates, stock prices or currency
rates), liquidity risk (the risk of loss due to an inability to obtain unsecured funding or sell assets in
order to make payments) and credit risk (the risk of loss due to non–performance by a counterparty
on its contractual obligations). A rise in funding costs, an inability to sell financial assets at carrying
value or the default by a counterparty on a loan are examples of

Banks in India
Nationalisation of Banks
Despite the provisions, control and regulations of Reserve Bank of India, banks in India except the
State Bank of India or SBI, continued to be owned and operated by private persons. By the 1960s,
the Indian banking industry had become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian
economy. At the same time, it had emerged as a large employer, and a debate had ensued about the
nationalization of the banking industry. Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, expressed the
intention of the Government of India in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting in
a paper entitled "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation."[2] The meeting received the paper with
enthusiasm.
Thereafter, her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may also expect M&As, takeovers, and asset sales.
In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak
Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%. This is the first time an investor has been allowed to
hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake
exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them.
In recent years critics have charged that the non–government owned banks are too aggressive in
their loan recovery efforts in connection with housing, vehicle and personal loans. There are press
reports that the banks' loan recovery efforts have driven defaulting borrowers to suicide
List of Nationalised Banks
1. Allahabad Bank
2. Andhra Bank
3. Bank of Baroda
4. Bank of India
5. Bank of Maharashtra
6. Canara Bank
7. Central Bank of India
8. Corporation Bank
9. Dena Bank
10. IDBI Bank
11. Indian Bank
12. Indian Overseas Bank
13. Oriental Bank of Commerce
14. Punjab and Sind Bank
15. Punjab National Bank

16. Repco Bank
17. State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
18. State Bank of Hyderabad
19. State Bank of India
20. State Bank of Mysore
21. State Bank of Patiala
22. State Bank of Travancore
23. Syndicate Bank
24. UCO Bank
25. Union Bank of India
26. United Bank of India
27. Vijaya Bank
List of New

Questions On Advancing Career Development
Student Name: Muhammad Umair Fayaz Student ID: 4114446 Module Number: 315LON Module
Title: Advancing Career Development Teacher Name: Yvonne Browne Word Counts: 1000 Date of
Submission: 02–02–2015 LONDON CAMPUS Summary: This reflection report defines the study
of industry which reflects the present impression in the market. By looking forward to this report I
also chosen this industry and a sector in which I would like to take a kick start for my better career
for the future. The discussion in the depth of the sector of financial industry, for this I am presenting
a concise report of the three particular banking business areas which will be my future career target
also. Analysis of Industry: Industry analysis can be analyzed by Porter's 5 Forces model used to
design the marketing strategy for operations. The main objective of this study is that by creating
dissimilarity between the industries that can facilitate to identify the formation of the business
boundaries decisions. Major role of Porter's five forces is to understand that what is industry?
Porter's Five Forces Analysis: This outline has the following steps to understand the structure:
(Google.co.uk, 2015) 1. Industry Challenge: The presence of

Introduction to Debt Capital Markets
BUILDING TOMORROW™
Introduction to Debt Capital Markets
Craig Rydqvist
rbs.com/gbm
Introduction
My background
Finance sector focussed education and experience but not 'traditional' IB route Education
First degree – BSc in Management Studies; Postgraduate – MSc Masters in Finance (part–time).
Work Experience
KPMG – Financial Sector Audit and Consulting (ACA); Barclays Capital – Finance followed by
Trading and Structuring; RBS – Finance followed by DCM Origination.
Current Role
Director – Conduit Origination; Sell side origination, execution and structuring; Buy side
transaction analysis as RBS is ultimate risk taker; Line Manager for Global Banking Analyst
Programme.
Mature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(EURm) (%) 4,161 35 11.11 3,518 23 9.40 2,922 18 7.80 2,909 20 7.77 1,820 16 4.86 37,441 88
100 2013 Target Position: Top 5

Amount (EURm) 2,398 1,360 1,335 1,300 1,095
15,638
No. 13 9 8 9 6
37
Share (%) 15.34 8.70 8.54 8.31 7.00
100
● ● ● ● ●
Source: Dealogic Analytics
2013 Target Position: Top 5
RBS is a market leader in all the major DCM products
RBS00000
8
Major differences between DCM and ....
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance has lower execution volume As a result lots of time spent pitching strategic ideas
DCM is more transaction focussed DCM bankers have more respect for your private life
Markets Markets covers, sales, trading, research and other areas so it's a little hard to generalise
Markets work more driven by market psychology and sort–term trends and relative value DCM
generally more macro–economic focus so interaction is with the client C–suite
Equity Capital Markets DCM bankers are pessimists, ECM bankers are optimists DCM involves
more 'definite' maths – bond maths is

Leadership and Motivation Essay
"Leadership is a process where one person influences a group of others to achieve group or
organizational goals– Leadership is thus about motivation."
Table of Contents
Topic Page Number
1 Executive Summary 3
2 Leadership 3
2.1 Leadership Definition 4
3 The Four Main Phases of Leadership Theory 4
4 Motivation 7
4.1 Motivation Models and Theories 7
5 Motivation and Leadership Styles 8
6 Case Study– Royal Bank of Scotland Group: Motivation and Leadership 10
7 Conclusion 11 References 14 1. Executive Summary
This paper is about leadership and motivation. One of the main issues is whether a leader can
effectively lead individuals (be they employees or not) without motivating them in way or another.
Leadership is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Behavioral Here the focus has shifted from the leader to leadership. Two primary dimensions of
behavior: task–orientation and follower–orientation. Thus, two types: authoritarian and democratic
with differences reside in the focus of power. Productivity is expected to be higher in the democratic
dimension.
The theory suggests that effective leaders behave differently than less–effective leaders.
There is job–centered behavior or initiating–structure behavior as opposed to employee–centered
behavior or consideration behavior. Both styles are at ends of a single quantum.
The behavior is an interaction of style and expectations. Example: An army officer shows behavior
of high levels of conformity and appreciation and respect to the roles and expectations. In contrast
to an employee in a research and development unit or a creative studio who strive on creativity and
breaking the mould– thinking "out of the box".
Contingency Such theories are continuation of the situational approach to leadership. In these
theories the factor of situation and behavioral aspects are taken into consideration. The leader's
appropriate behavior changes with situation. The favorableness of the situation depends on the
leader's interpretation and point of view.
It takes more specific account of

Barclays Plc and Abn Amro Case Study
[pic]
London School of Commerce
MBA E
BARCLAYS PLC AND ABN AMRO CASE STUDY
ASSIGNMENT
London
UK
As one of the world's leading banks, with 135,000 employees in more than 50 countries, Barclays
plays a significant role, from working with governments on major infrastructure projects to bringing
banking to customers in emerging markets. Barclays is made up of two major businesses: Global
Retail and Commercial Banking (GRCB) and Investment Banking and Investment Management
(IBIM). There strategy is to achieve growth through time by diversifying their profit base making
their growth relevant to their customers at all times. This case study will seek to examine the bid and
intended acquisition of ABN AMRO, and the early acquisition ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to group´s performance from 2002–2006 identifies that Barclays´ performance
underpinnings are represented by its strategy of acquiring other banking (such as ABN Amro and
Banco Zaragozano) concerns to expand its retail as well as other banking services through
representation in international markets as represented by the bank's presence in 60 countries. This
provides Barclays with the means to sell its highly profitable investment banking services as well as
be positioned to service the cadre of multinational companies that utilize its diverse banking
financial service packages.
On the other hand, ABN AMRO bank has a presence in 76 countries and territories. Using its
worldwide network the bank provides universal banking services consisting of commercial and
investment banking products to corporate nationally and internationally operating clients as well as
personal and private banking customers. In 2007, Barclays announced the proposed acquisition of
ABN AMRO bank, in order to expanded their distribution base. The deal was valued at €67 billion.
On October, the RFS consortium led by Royal Bank of Scotland, bidding for control of ABN
AMRO, formally declared victory after shareholders, representing 86 percent of the Dutch bank's
shares, accepted the RFS group's €70bn offer.

Barclays is known a consistent performer delivering steady profitability results, 20% increase in
profit before

Financial Group : Citizens Bank
Citizens Financial Group
Citizens Financial Group, which includes Citizens Bank, is one of the oldest Financial Services
firms in the US. Citizens Bank began as High Street Bank in 1828. In 1871 High Street Bank
became Citizens Bank and slowly grew until 1988 when it was acquired by The Royal Bank of
Scotland, one of the largest and most respected banks in the world. The Royal Bank of Scotland
purchased Citizens Bank, as its US division to gain access to the lucrative US markets. Over the
next 20 years Citizen's grew through over 25 bank acquisitions (Fraser, 191). In September of 2014
The Royal Bank of Scotland issued one of the largest bank IPO's in US history, selling a 25% stake
in the company and Citizens Bank officially became ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consumer Banking is the side that most people are familiar with and serves retail customers and
small businesses with annual revenues of up to $25 million, through its network of branches.
Consumer banking products and services include deposit products, mortgage and home equity
lending, student loans, auto financing, credit cards, business loans, wealth management and
investment services.
Commercial banking primarily targets companies and institutions with annual revenues of $25
million to $2.5 billion. Commercial banking offers financial products and solutions including
lending and leasing, trade financing, deposits and treasury management, foreign exchange and
interest rate risk management and corporate finance.
If you break the Consumer Banking products down into categories you will have deposit products
such as Checking, savings, CD's, and investment accounts. You will also have lending products for
homes, auto's, business and signature loans including credit cards. With a basic checking or savings
the funds are 100% liquid and will appeal to someone that is living paycheck to paycheck. As an
individual's wealth grows he will require higher returns and may require less liquidity, Citizens has
both CD's and money markets. These product will pay a higher interest rate but will require that you
guarantee to leave the money on deposit for a specified period of time. The bank is able to keep
lower reserves on these funds as

Executive Summary : Santander Group
Executive Summary
Santander Group was founded in 1857 in the city of Santander, Catabria, Spain. With time,
Santander grew rapidly in Spain and eventually branched out into Latin American and London.
Santander became even bigger by acquiring Banco Espanol de Credito in 1994 and merging with
Banco Central Hispano in 1999. Nowadays, Santander Group is one of the largest banks in the
world in terms of market capitalization and net profit. Also, it operated one of the largest networks
of retail bank in the western world. Santander Consumer Finance has grown from a small group of
units operating in Spain, Germany, and Italy, into one of the largest consumer finance companies.
The United States remains the largest market in the world for consumer finance, but has been
growing in Europe for the past 20 years.
Santander Consumer Finance began in 1987, when they acquired Bankhaus Centrale Credit AG.
Then in 1994, Santander joined with Royal Bank of Scotland to strengthen and expand this sector.
Two years later, Santander bought out Royal Bank of Scotland to assume full control of this sector.
Santander Consumer Finance kept growing and growing. In 1997, they joined up with Banco San
Paolo, which was an Italian consumer finance company. In 1999, they merged with BCH, which
brought to them Hispamer Banco Financiero and Hispamer Financieros.
The main focus of Santander Consumer Finance was growth. Between 2003 and 2006, there were
other acquisitions followed in other European

The Structure, Conduct and Recent Performance of the Uk...
INTRODUCTION
Before discussing the structure, conduct and recent performance of the UK banking sector, it is
useful to provide an insight in the recent global financial crisis caused by the sub–prime mortgage
crisis initiated in the US and underline its effects on the banking industry in the UK. It all started
with the collapse of the housing bubble in the US, as borrowers were no longer able to meet their
financial obligations and as consequence many of these subprime mortgages became default and the
market became illiquid while banks were struggling to obtain funds which resulted into devastating
losses for banks and mortgage lenders. Through securitization many of these loans were initially
transferred into asset backed securities and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In November 2009 the Financial Services Bill was introduced into Parliament. The Bill builds on
the action taken so far by the Government in response to the financial crisis, and delivers wide–
reaching reforms to strengthen financial regulation, support better corporate governance and provide
protection to consumers. The Bill calls for a new Council for Financial Stability which is intended
to consist of Treasury, Bank of England and FSA officials. It also requires major banks to hold
larger capital reserves and to prepare so–called "living wills".
(Maslakovic, 2010)
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is currently working towards agreement on a
comprehensive package of reforms to international capital and liquidity standards by late 2010.
These new standards ('Basel III') should aim for materially higher levels of capital and liquidity in
the banking system.
(Bank of England, 2010)
RECENT PERFORMANCE
According to KPMG's UK Banking Performance Benchmarking Survey March 2010, the domestic
banking sector is divided into 2 groups:
RBS and Lloyd (significant government ownership) and the remaining three of Barclays, HSBC and
Standard Chartered (privately owned).
The latter three has shown a better performance. Investment banking performance was more
successful compared to retail banking especially in the first half of

To what extent is diversification the best strategy to...
Novartis, a large multinational pharmaceutical company, recently diversified by buying Alcon, in a
£24.8bn deal. Alcon is a producer of eye care products such as contact lenses. Google has
diversified by investing £124m in a wind power business. To what extent is diversification the best
strategy to achieve profitable growth? Justify your answer with reference to Novartis, Google and/
or other organisations that you know. (40 marks)
Diversification – Practice under which a firm enters an industry or market different from its core
business.
Growth – The process of improving some measure of an enterprise's success. Business growth can
be achieved either by boosting the top line or revenue of the business with greater product sales or
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example In 2004 Branson was set to enter the music industry once again by diversifying into the
online music industry through an online music store service just like Apple. He also released his
own mp3 called the 'Pulse' that was to rival Apple's Ipod. Unfortunately he closed both products
later that year due to the fact that Apple kept releasing new products that made the 'Pulse' outdated
with Apple's high brand awareness, Virgin found it difficult to rival a large market leader therefore
caused them to retrench and withdraw their product. This shows that although diversifications seem
the best strategy for profitable growth, it does pose many risks especially when entering new
unfamiliar markets.
On the other hand there are also many other strategies that can achieve profitable growth such as a
takeover or a merger. Orange and T–Mobile were two mobile phone companies that had nearly
reached the end of their product life cycle in 2008 due to the rising popularity of other networks
offering new USP's such as 3's unlimited internet and Vodaphones 'freebees' perks. However with
the equal merger of the two companies in 2010 and performing under the new refurbished name that
is EE (everything everywhere), it is now the largest mobile network operator in the UK, with around
28 million customers. The synergy between these two companies has not only increased

Case Study Of ABNAAMRO
In 2007, ABN AMRO Holding NV was acquired by RFS, a consortium of banks comprising Royal
Bank of Scotland (RBS), Fortis Bank NV/SA, and Banco Santander. The acquisition talks were
initiated after a shareholder wrote a letter asking the CEO, Rijkman Groenink, and the supervisory
board chairman, Arthur Martinez, to actively investigate a merger, acquisition or division of ABN
AMRO. The motivation was that the share price did not reflect the true value of the underlying
assets. On March 20, 2007, ABN AMRO established it was having merger talks with Barclays.
On April 18, 2007, however, RBS contacted ABN AMRO to propose a deal in which the consortium
RFS would bid for ABN AMRO and subsequently split the components of the firm.
On 23 April, ABN AMRO and Barclays announced the proposed acquisition of ABN AMRO by
Barclays. The deal was valued at €67 billion and included the sale of LaSalle Bank to Bank of
America for €21 billion.
Two days later, the RBS–led consortium brought out its indicative offer, worth €72 billion, if ABN
AMRO ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On 3 May 2007, the Dutch Investors' Association (Vereniging van Effectenbezitters), with the
support of shareholders representing up to 20 percent of ABN's shares, took its case to the Dutch
commercial court in Amsterdam, seeking an injunction against the LaSalle sale. The court ruled that
the sale of LaSalle could not be viewed apart from the current merger talks of Barclays with ABN
AMRO, and that the ABN AMRO shareholders should be able to approve other possible
merger/acquisition candidates in a general shareholder meeting. However in July 2007, the Dutch
Supreme Court ruled that Bank of America's acquisition of LaSalle Bank could proceed and Bank of
America absorbed LaSalle effective 1 October

Customer Satisfaction Survey at the Royal Bank of Scotland
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY AT THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to our industry guide Ms.Shalini Menon, Vice–President Business
Banking, The Royal Bank of Scotland for her able guidance, continuous support and cooperation
throughout our project, without which the present work would not have been possible.
We would also like to thank the entire team of RBS business banking, for the constant support and
help in the successful completion of my project.
Also, we are thankful to our faculty guide Mr. Swarnpreet Singh of our institute, for his continued
guidance and invaluable encouragement.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction * Objective Literature Review * ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable or repayable on demand, and
hence valued at par. They are effectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or
by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. 2. Netting and settlement of payments –
banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and
settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables
banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward
payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical
areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. 3. Credit intermediation – banks borrow and
lend back–to–back on their own account as middle men. 4. Credit quality improvement – banks lend
money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality
borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which
provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its obligations. However, banknotes and
deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to
raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an
economically subordinated position.
INDIAN BANKING

SWOT Analysis of the Balanced Scorecard in the UK Banking...
In the last two decades of the 20th century, the UK banking industry experienced huge change
because of three factors: deregulation, new technology and increasing competition (Gardener et al,
1999, cited in Hailey et al, 2005). Some banks such as NatWest, Halifax and Royal Bank of
Scotland (RBS), have successfully survived from the impact of the new century. Just as the head of
employee at RBS indicates, the most significant part of their success is the use of the Balanced
Scorecard in the performance of employees.
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic planning and management system that is used widely
in different organizations all over the world. The concept was originated by Robert Kaplan and
David Norton in the early 1990s. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NatWest is the largest commercial bank in the UK. It is a member of The Royal Bank of Scotland
Group now. NatWest is a bank with a long history which dates back to 1650. It has survived from
the huge change in UK banking industry for the use of the Balanced Scorecard. Now it has a large
extent of services, which consist of more than 1,500 branches in the UK. Today, NatWest has more
than 7 million private customers.
Figure 1: The performance management cycle at NatWest (Armstrong, 2003)
NatWest modified the framework of BSC by measuring performance through four dimensions:
financial results, customer service, and internal processes and people management. In a way, the
Balance Scorecard method has been extended to the measurement of individual performance, thus,
it has integrated with organizational measures (Armstrong, 2003). Figure 1 show the performance
management cycle at NatWest. In the next, I will use the SWOT method to analysis how BSC
influence the UK bank sector.
SWOT analysis of the BSC in the UK banking sector
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats involved in a project. It can show a comprehensive assessment about a
subject.
Strengths: Having been used for more than ten years, BSC is undoubtedly a good method of
measuring. Firstly, four measures are enough to give an overall impression of the performance. They
present individual performance in

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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Master of Business Administration
By
KARTIK CHANDRA CHATURVEDI
Batch (2013–2015) University Roll No: S133F0010 December 2014
Under the guidance of
NIDHI KAICKER
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, PUBLIC POLICY AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY DELH
PAGE 1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that I have successfully completed the project titled Heisenberg's Uncertainty
Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration at the School of Business, Public
Policy and Social Entrepreneurship, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study draws economic analogies for Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle and concentrates on the
17 largest Investment Banks and the 10 largest Mutual Funds. It tries to quantify the uncertainty and
lists the economic mass of every institution from among the two groups and the average economic
masses of each group as well. The study was restricted to publically listed Investment Banks and
Mutual Funds and the model was not applicable to privately held and boutique banks and also
wasn't applicable to hedge funds and other private funds which did not report their Net Asset Value
Returns. According to the findings, the economic mass was highest for Goldman Sachs while
Toronto Domino Bank shows the least economic mass. When it comes to Mutual Funds, Pimco the
world's largest mutual fund had the lowest economic mass; the exposure to the crisis could be the
reason behind this. The American Funds Growth Fund of America has the highest economic mass.
This study has been able to show that the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle has implications for
financial institutions. For future research, one could look into applying the model for privately held

Financial Institutions and those funds which do not report their returns like Hedge Funds.
PAGE 5
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBER 1). 2). 3). 4). 5). 6). 7). 8). 9). TITLE LIST OF INVESTMENT BANKS LIST
OF MUTUAL FUNDS LIST OF TIME SERIES TESTS CARRIED

Conflict Between Scotland And England
Identity is what forms the core of humanity as it is "claimed and sustained in reciprocal role
relationships" (Thoits, 175). People are constantly defining themselves to fit into a group, ethnicity,
or regional identity. It is crucial because humans need the community and culture as "the greater the
number of identities held, the stronger one's sense of meaningful, guided existence" (Thoits, 175).
Hence, by having a regional identity and a larger sense of unity as an "imagined community" gives a
sense of security to humans as stated that "people's awareness of being part of the global space of
flows seems to have generated a search for new points of orientation, efforts to strengthen old
boundaries and to create new ones, often based on identities of resistance" (Paasi, 475). Humans are
partially threatened by globalization as they struggle to maintain identities of what they had in the
past; this is demonstrated not just in individuals, but also amongst countries, as with Brexit. In the
UK, Scotland has had many struggles to sustain their own heritage and regional identity as a
separate entity from England. From the basic necessities, like currency, the conflict between
Scotland and England can be seen; as the sterling pound in England is different from the sterling
pound in Scotland. From the banknotes, it portrays the friction between Scotland and England and
amplifies the regional identities of the two areas. The sterling pound is currency circulated around
the UK.

The Global Financial Crisis: Former President George Bush Jr.
The Global Financial Crisis is a national period of economic difficulty experienced by markets and
consumers. The global financial crisis was a difficult time for businesses to flourish in the markets.
In parallel, potential consumers had to reduce their purchases of goods as well as services––until the
markets improved (Global Financial Crisis). Former President George Bush Jr. was the acting
president during the global financial crisis. George Bush Jr. expressed that the world's major
economies could overcome the financial crisis. The central bank governors from seven leading
nations had agreed to a five–point plan to prevent future global turmoil (Elliot, L., Stewart, H., &
Clark, A. 2008).
These groups agreed to bail out banks and to take

Corporate Social Responsibilities : Carroll 's Pyramid
Model 1. Carroll's Pyramid
Carroll (1991) organized different corporate social responsibilities as a four–layered pyramid model
and called it the pyramid of responsibilities. The four different responsibilities – economical, legal,
ethical and philanthropic are the layers of the pyramid. Corporate social responsibility involves the
conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law abiding, ethical and socially
supportive. To be socially responsible then means that profitability and obedience to the law are
foremost conditions when discussing the firm's ethics and the extent to which it supports the society
in which it exists with contributions of money, time and talent". And the different layers in the
pyramid help managers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This model is relating to Primark. Primark source globally, they don't have their own factories that
make their own products. They work with around 700 suppliers and all of their suppliers are from
China, India and Bangladesh to Turkey and Eastern Europe. They take worker welfare seriously and
they make sure that suppliers must follow the Code of Conduct to make products in good working
conditions. Every factory of the suppliers is carefully inspected against the code before Primark
replace and order with a supplier. If there is an any issues or problems they find in the products they
will sent their inspected team to check all the products.
Model 2. Mintzberg conceptual Horseshoe (1984) This model is relating to RBS where they said
that RBS believes every decision and action is shaped by the purpose, vision and the value of RBS.
RBS purpose is to serve their customers well and do the right things which includes, environmental,
social, and ethical risks. Building a more sustainable RBS by putting customers first. RBS strategy
based on customers trusting this bank.
Using 2 different companies as example, analyse and evaluate the ethical decision making process
within a business setting.
Ethical decision making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a
manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decision it is necessary to perceive and
eliminate

Luxottica institutional structure Essay
Organizational structure http://www.luxottica.com/en/about–us/company–structure
http://www.luxottica.com/sites/luxottica.com/files/organizzazioneedipartimenti_eng.pdf
ORGANIZATIONS AND DEPARTMENTS
Investor Relations
The Investor Relations department manages relationships with analysts and investors as well as with
regulatory bodies that oversee the financial markets.
Consequently, the department works closely with research analysts and fund managers to assist
them in building models that support their stock recommendations and investment decisions.
At the same time, the department also interfaces with the Group's top management for the purpose
of sharing market insight and investor feedback.
Business Development
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information Technology
Information Technology handles all Corporate IT activities and projects, especially the
"Transformation" ones which have the aim to define new operating structures and IT platforms for
the Group's various manufacturing and commercial processes. It is also responsible for the co–
ordination and delivery of the Group–wide projects and Group contract negotiations.
Retail divisions
Luxottica Group's Retail divisions manage around 6,500 optical and sun stores in the United States,
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, China, Europe and the Middle East.
In North America, Luxottica Group controls the two biggest prescription eyewear chains –
LensCrafters and Pearle Vision – and the most relevant chains in the sun segment – Sunglass Hut
and Ilori.
In South America Luxottica controls Multiopticas Internacional S.L. which manages over 470
eyewear stores operating under the Opticas GMO, Econopticas and Sun Planet retail brands in
Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
In Europe, Luxottica manages all the European location of the largest sun wear chain in the world:
Sunglass Hut.
Luxottica Retail Australiasia is the leading optical product business in Australia,

Comparison between the Great Gatsby and Macbeth
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's most intense plays and one his most complex psychological
studies. It is also a play about which there is a great deal of historical background, which I think
you'll find interesting because it reveals Shakespeare's creative process. The play was written in
1605––1606. It's one of the plays where the date is pretty firmly established by internal references to
external events, and most scholars have agreed on the date. Shakespeare was at the height of
creative powers, and his theatrical company, the King's Men, was the official royal acting company.
He had the large Globe Theater, a large public playhouse on the south bank of the Thames. He
would soon open the Blackfriars Theater, a small private ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The historical Macbeth had become king in the year 1040 when he killed the previous king, Duncan,
in battle. To put this in a historical context, this is hardly the Middle Ages; it's still the Dark Ages, as
historians have termed the various stages of European history. It is 26 years before the Norman
invasion of England, which is generally considered to be the beginning of the medieval period in
Britain. In 1040 Macbeth became king and ruled for 17 years until he was overthrown and killed by
Duncan's son, who became King Malcolm III. Malcolm is famous primarily because he married an
English princess named Margaret who was later made a saint. According to the Scottish historian
Archibald Duncan, little is known about Macbeth and his lovely wife Grunnich, except that they
were pious and endowed a religious house at St. Andrew's (which is probably the caddy shack on
the fourth green of that famous golf course –– joke). The couple went on a religious pilgrimage to
Rome where, the chroniclers said, "they sowed money like seed." (Many of us when we go on
vacation do the same thing.) That's all we know for certain about the real Macbeth. Now the fact
that Macbeth killed the previous king was not a big deal. Of the eight Scottish kings who ruled
during this time, seven had died unnatural deaths, including several who burned to death until
suspicious circumstances. It was highly unusual for a Scottish

Rbc Failure
The Royal Bank of Scotland has faced several controversies during the past five years. It had
entered into the mortgage backed securities scandal, the acquisition of Dutch Bank ABN AMRO,
suffered mass losses and had to be bailed out by the British Government which took almost 45
billion British pounds to keep it afloat. RBC is more than 80% taxpayer–owned but this did not help
the company to get rid of their legal problems that included a settlement of $500 million settlement
regarding ABN AMRO that was charged against violating the US economic sanctions for countries
such as Iran and it also changed its documents to cover up their wrongdoings. Recently, RBS had to
pay millions of dollars to settle down the LIBOR scheme. In 2015, RBC was proved ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of the bank's repeated losses, the British government had to pay 20 billion bailout
becoming the main shareholders of the bank. RBS also took advantage of the government's asset
protection plan so that they could categorize the unwanted assets backed by taxpayers. RBS didn't
want to sell Citizens Financial Group in spite of the pressure but instead decided to close down its
insurance units and 300 branches in England and Wales. There was 80% rise in public stake of the
company in 2009 because of the capital infusion of 25 billion British pounds from the government
(Mattera, 2015).
Some of the legal issues includes that RBS was fined 28.6 million by the UK office of Fair Trading
for leaking confidential loan pricing information with the rival bank Barclays in March 2010. On
December 2011, a 450 page report was published by the Financial Services Authority about the
failure of RBS based on their poor management decisions such as relying on risky, short–term
whole–sale funding. This report also described the decrease in their asset quality and their failure in
preventing the weakening of the bank's capital stand (Mattera,

Free Trade vs Protectionism Essay
Content page pages
Question one 1.1 identify all stakeholders 2 1.2 Unitarian perspective 3 1.3 Maxim of duties 1.4
clashes of rights 4 1.5 an alternative ethical approach
Question two * introduction 5 * corporate social responsibility * definition of corporate social
responsibility * Company profile * RBS social policy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This case obviously targets a utilitarian perspective. Such an analysis focus on harms and benefits
induced by a certain decision. In this case, the decision is to whether to change the banking
regulation system from risky bonus driven system to conservative more regulated institution. A
Possible list could look like the following: Stakeholders and what they want | harm | Benefit |
Banks–they want to have access to their retail operations financed their more riskier investment
operation | This reform will effectively remove the implicit state guarantee standing behind
investment banks will increase their cost of borrowing. | A good banking system is one that is useful
and secure; as well as economically, socially and environmentally fit for purpose. | Government in
the UK.–The government wants to find a solution for the banks, because currently regulation can't
prevent future banking failure. | Bank bosses are suggesting the split could wipe 0.3% of gross
domestic product at a time when economic growth looks increasingly fragile. | This reform will
make it easier for government and less costly to resolve banks that get into trouble. | Businesses–
availability of low interest short–term and long–term loans. | The banking reforms will make banks
expensive for individuals and small businesses to use banking facilities. Because banks will allocate
the expenses incurred to the end customer.

The Financing For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises
The financing for Small and Medium–sized Enterprises (SMEs) is an interesting subject for
policymakers and researchers because of the major contribution of SMEs to private sectors all over
the world and SMEs are deemed financially constrained (Beck et al, 2010; Berger and Udell, 2006).
SMEs in industrialized countries account for more than 90% of all enterprises, contribute to around
two–thirds of all workforce and almost 50% value added in non–agricultural production. Therefore,
SMEs is crucial for growth promotion and poverty reduction (Baas and Schrooten, 2006).
However, it is reported that SMEs suffer from limited access to external financing around the world.
The major reason of being this difficulty is due to the limited information on SMEs for potential
lenders (Baas and Schrooten, 2006). Many studies argue that this specific information problem can
be mitigated by relationship banking as banks can collect private information about their costumers
over time (Ongena and Smith, 2001). Therefore, relationship banking is useful for helping SMEs to
receive external finance (Berger and Udell, 2002). This dissertation is going to examine the effects
of relationship banking on the UK SMEs access to financing
1.1 Objectives
The first objective of this dissertation is examining the effect of relationship lending on the
availability of credit for the UK SMEs by analyzing the effects of some specific information about
the lending relationship (i.e. length and concentration of

Unit 37 D1
Evaluate the impact of a selected business's ethical behaviour on stakeholders and the business.[D1]
FOR D1 write an essay to address below:
>This should focus on your chosen organisation and cover as many stakeholders as possible.
>Look also at the remaining issues in the unit from task 1, & 2 to add to your perspective.
>Remember, these are your views, but they should be backed up by clearly researched evidence.
In this report I will be looking at how my businesses activities and ethical behaviour affect different
stakeholders with in my business.
My organisation (RBS). Royal Bank of Scotland is one of the world's top ten financial groups. The
group employs 140,000 people across 30 countries and operates out of more than 2000 ... Show
Mis–selling gave people the wrong impression that they were insured if they lost their jobs or their
source of income. People lose trust in banking products as they expect to be assured in difficult
times but when they find out they are not insured and will still have to repay loans they get mentally
stressed and they feel like they can't rely on banking products provided by RBS.
The Financial service authority and other regulatory bodies also have also suffered financially as
they had to pay employees at FSA to investigate the PPI scam. This is time consuming for them as
they need to make sure that everyone who paid PPI is compensated. They have to spend time to
investigate and fine banks so next time they will not do anything unethical again. After this incident
FSA are being stricter on the way that banks operate and have amended laws regarding selling
products to customers and banking what the bank is allowed to do and what they are restricted to do.
The FSA is looking into how banks interact with customers and are paying more attention to all
products that banks are selling.
Most customers have been compensated by RBS; however I believe RBS's trust bond with their
customers has already been damaged. This influences customer's behaviour before they buy and
insurance products or additional insurance products as they will think twice before

Financial Crisis Impact on Uk Government
ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
The UK government has announced a package of measures aimed at rescuing banking system that
makes 400 billion pound.
100 billion pound will be available in short term loans from bank of England on top of an existing
loan facility.
Banks will have to increases their capital by at least 25 billion pound and borrow from government.
An additional 25 billion pound in extra capital will be available in exchange of preference shares.
Government described as the root cause of current financial crisis is liquidity, capital and funding
At least 200 billion pound will be made available from bank of England for short term borrowing to
provide liquidity to banks
Those banks who wished to strengthen capital ratios ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the market began to tumble in 2008, Governments around the world have spent almost $ 11
trillion bailing out falling banks and trying to repair the financial system
As per the IMF data all the governments of the world has so far spent more than $ 10.8 trillion to
avoid the ill effects of last years financial crisis. Out of this huge sums are spent by the rich nations.
[pic]
Out of this the maximum amount is spent as guarantee given to save the existing banking system,
which was effected by last year's crisis. This crisis was worst than the great depression of 1929.
US had spent $ 3.6 trillion to bailing out failing banks and repair the financial system. 25.8% of
total GDP for bailing out ie 25.8% of the total GDP, which is $ 10,000/– per person.
UK had spent $ 2.4 trillion as 94.4% of GDP for bailing out failing banks. ie 94.4% comes around $
50,000/– per person.
The private financial sectors also have estimated write–offs amounting to $ 4tn, of which two–third
are losses suffered by big international banks such as Citigroup and RBS. About half of these losses
write–offs of securities backed by failed mortgages.
UK government has spent 94.4% of the GDP to bail out the banking system as follows:

[pic]
In–spite of this UK is not comes out the recession and the last quarter was

The Financial Services Industry : Corporate Structure,...
The financial services industry will be described by four different markets: banking, securities,
insurance and pension. The discussion will cover matters linked to topics such as corporate
structure, legislation and regulation, hot topics in UK financial markets and impacts from other
industries. .
1. Banking (Corporate structure)
There are 5 main independent British retail banks: HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group (LBG), Royal
Bank of Scotland Group (RBS), Barclays and Standard Chartered. In the 2008 financial crisis, the
UK government announced a bank rescue package which includes purchases of a combination of
ordinary shares and preference shares from certain banks through the Bank Recapitalisation Fund.
However, this fund was rejected by HSBC, Standard Chartered and Barclays. RBS raised £20
billion from the fund and the government purchased £5 billion preference shares and £15 billion
ordinary shares from RBS. HBOS and Lloyds TSB together raised £17 billion, and government
purchased £8.5 billion preference shares and £8.5 billion ordinary shares.
With the recovery of the economics, UK government start selling shares of RBS and Lloyds TSB to
reduce the state–owned portion in the bank shares. In August 2015, government sold £2.1bn of
shares in RBS at a loss, as reported by BBC .
2. Securities (Impacts from other industries):
The securities sector is composed of stock brokers, fund managers, collective funds, private equity
and etc. One of the current matters in UK is the

Barclays Essay
Barclays In this project I have been given the task of researching an industry that I have an interest
in. There are three sections to this assignment, in which the first part requires me to undertake some
secondary research on the sector, which I have chosen. Using secondary information from sources
such as reputable newspapers, journals and industry reports with other various sources will help me
obtain this information. In the second part of this assignment, I will be identifying the qualities,
experiences and qualifications that are required by my chosen sector and this will be linked to the
final part of the report where I will be considering ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Barclays also operates in many other countries across the world, where it is a provider of services to
multinational companies and financial companies. "The Woolwich" and "Woolwich" are trading
names that Barclays operates under, and through these Barclays delivers banking solutions to UK
retail and business banking customers. Barclays serves its customers through a variety of channels
comprising the branch network, cash machines, telephone banking, and online banking and
relationship managers. Key employees ============= Name –––– Level ––––– Matthew
William Barrett Chairman (since 2004) John Silvester Varley CEO (since 2004) Naguib Kheraj
Group finance director (since 2004) Roger Davis Chief executive, UK banking Gary Hoffman CEO,
Barclaycard (since 1983) The key products and services that are offered by Barclays are: * Personal
banking * Corporate banking * Premier banking * International banking * Private banking *
Investment banking * Credit card services * Mortgage lending services * Asset management
services

The 's Over Its Long History
Barclay's over its long history has grown into one of the largest financial groups in the United
Kingdom3. Since there early start in banking, Barclays has since then diversified itself into
investment banking, and investment management as well. They operate over 850 branches in over
60 countries in which 2000 are based in the United Kingdom3. "The company has over 4.5 million
registered online bankers and over 10.6 million Barclaycard customers in the United Kingdom"3.
Barclay's is currently the 7th largest bank in the world with assets valuing $2.41 trillion.
Barclay's has an extensive history as one of the oldest banks in the world dating back to the late 17th
century. John Freame and Thomas Gould were goldsmiths working in Lombard ... Show more
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Libor, the London Interbank Lending Rate, is considered to be one of the most important rates in
finance because trillions of financial contracts utilize this rate. Libor is used globally as a
"benchmark interest rate"2 in which it is used to set up a range of financial deals. It is also used as
measure for financial institutions to gauge their trust level in the financial system and to check each
institutions financial health. This rate is determined by a group of leading banks that submit the rates
of ten different currencies and fifteen lengths of loans, which range from overnight to twelve
months2. The most important part is the "three–month dollar Libor"2, which is the rate that other
banks would borrow from each other for three months. Traders managed to manipulate this rate
because the rates submitted are estimates; it would be relatively easy to submit false figures2.
Traders in other banks devised a plan with each other by submitting rates that were higher or lower
than the actual estimate in order to control the interest rate.
Libor is an interest rate that is determined by the rates at which banks lend funds to each other on
the London interbank market. Every day the banks submit their borrowing costs to the Thomson
Reuters data collection service in which an agent calculates out Libor2. The agent discards the
highest and lowest quarter of submissions and then

Evaluate The Milgram Experiment
In 1984, after the trial of World War 2 criminal Adolph Eichmann, Stanley Milgram created an
experiment where his starting hypothesis was to see if Germans had a character flaw which made
them more obedient which correlated to the holocaust. He put an advertisement in the newspaper for
volunteers for an educational experiment who would be paid on hour for $4.50. The experiment
itself wasn't real, but the participants didn't know that it going in. The experiment was once they got
into the "laboratory", they picked from a hat and one would get "teacher" and the other "learner" but
it is rigged so the participants will always get "teacher". Jack William who is the experimenter takes
the "learner" into a room to strap them into the shock machine while the "teacher" watches and at
this time, the "teacher" is informed of the "learners" heart condition and Jack Williams pushes ...
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He obtained scores from them between 2,170 and 2,220 on the SAT and as high as 33 out of 36 on
the ACT. He even charged teens for the process of making fake I.D's for getting into the testing
buildings. He charged $500 – $3,600, depending on their finical status. He quotes that he knew he
was doing something illegal but once he started he couldn't stop, because the demand was too high
and the pay was too good. The downside to this scheme was once he took the test for people, it was
proven that they got into very high ranked schools but dropped out because they couldn't keep up
with the rigorous course load that was asked of them to complete. Another thing is once he was
caught, others confessed to get a less intense charge. This is an example of someone doing
something bad for their own benefit, in this case it's money as it was in the Milgram

Ethics And Social Responsibilty Assignment
ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY ASSIGNMENT
1.1 A stakeholder of a company is an individual or group which either; is hurt by, or profits from,
the enterprise; or whose rights can be abused or must be regarded by the organization.(Crane and
Matten,2007: 57) In the financial crisis case study, one can safely identify shareholders, bank
customers and government as some of the stakeholders who are affected by the banking sector crisis
triggered by the egoistic need to make a return on capital and deregulations. Having identified the
stakeholders, the harms and benefits as it has affected these stakeholders are discussed as follows
and future recommendations suggested.
Using the stakeholders' theory suggested by Evan and Freeman (1993) cited in Crane and Matten
(2010: 61–62). The two simple principles of corporate rights and corporate effects were not adhered
to. The bank action violates the rights of the shareholders to information by hidden the truth about
the underlying weakness in their financial position. The fiduciary relationship of bankers with the
shareholders can also be said to have been violated thereby causing negative consequences of loss
of investment, diminishing long term share price and state ownership of banks for example the
Royal Bank of Scotland takeover.
Bank customers were negatively affected through harder to get loan, falling value of housing
market, tight regulation, higher taxation and cut in public expenditures. However, the benefit is that
bank

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