Instruction: how to write an abstract Due on 3/10 (week 10 Tuesday) at noon by email ([email protected]) One submission per group This study explores the omission of the passive participle in passive sentences in simultaneously bilingual who speaks both Mandarin and English children. Active sentences usually take the form “A did B.” Passive sentences usually come in the form of “B was done by A.” Within the past decade, people were debating two main theories in the bilingual language process system. They are Unitary Systems Hypothesis and Separate Systems Hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to explore whether simultaneously bilingual children have more USH-like our SSH-like system by producing passive sentences. We report on one experiment: “passive sentence production task”. To see whether our hypotheses could be supported, we gathered the data from age 4-8 children with the passive sentence production task. After all, data was collected and analyzed, we found that our data shows the distinct feature between children who simultaneously acquired Mandarin and English, acquired Mandarin first then learned English, and learned English as a native language. Mono-English and simultaneous shows difference, however, it is not significantly. But these two groups show significant differences from sequential bilingual children. Conflicting with our hypothesis, the results support that simultaneously bilingual children have a more USH-like system when producing passive sentences. word counts: 200 One‑Way ANOVA One‑Way ANOVA (Welch's) F df1 df2 p Errors 13.4 2 5.52 0.008 Group Descriptives group N Mean SD SE Errors Mono 4 0.250 0.500 0.250 Simultaneous 4 1.500 0.577 0.289 Sequential 4 4.000 1.414 0.707 Plots Errors Tukey Post‑Hoc Test – Errors Mono Simultaneous Sequential Mono Mean difference — ‑1.25 ‑3.75*** p‑value — 0.193 < .001 Simultaneous Mean difference — ‑2.50* p‑value — 0.010 Sequential Mean difference — p‑value — Note. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 Descriptives group Errors age N Mono 4 4 Simultaneous 4 4 Sequential 4 4 Missing Mono 0 0 Simultaneous 0 0 Sequential 0 0 Mean Mono 0.250 5.50 Simultaneous 1.50 6.25 Sequential 4.00 5.75 Median Mono 0.00 5.50 Simultaneous 1.50 6.00 Sequential 4.50 5.50 Minimum Mono 0 4 Simultaneous 1 5 Sequential 2 5 Maximum Mono 1 7 Simultaneous 2 8 Sequential 5 7 ...