Ill Match Lovers

Ill Match Lovers
Quentin Massys' piece titled Ill–Matched Lovers (c. 1520 – 1525) represents the interaction between
two people who have seemingly nothing in common. This piece was made around 1520 – 1525 as
an illustrated narrative of a favorite northern European theme. The piece's present location is the
National Gallery of Art, and it's earliest recorded home was the Hotel Provincial Government in
Bruges in 1902 for the exhibition of Flemish primitive and ancient art. The piece is in good
condition; oil on a panel, and it can only be seen from one side because it is hanging on the wall.
Outwardly, this is a painting of a lecherous old man groping a young woman. However, after closer
inspection, you'll notice that the young woman seems to be taking advantage ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Strenuous effort is devoted to humanizing his characters through their expressions. In the Ill–
Matched Lovers, Massys introduces irony to the traditional wedding portraits by using characters
rendered less–than–ideal. The facial expressions alone contradict traditional portraitures like Ercole
de' Roberti's portraits of Giovanni II and Ginevra Bentivoglio, which depict an ideal wedding
portrait. Giovanni II and Ginevra are both seen unemotional in their portraits; masklike features and
impenetrable stares revel little of the sitters' personalities. Profile portraits like these recalled the
images of emperors and deities on the ancient Roman coins and medals that were so highly prized at
the time, insulating the message of the couples unattainable status. Moreover, the profile format,
which isolates the sitter from the observer, was particularly appropriate to Giovanni's position as a
strong–willed politician. Contrastingly, Massys interest in dramatic expression and gesture is
apparent in the highly expressive faces of the fool and the old man characters in the Ill–Matched
Lovers; they are effectively juxtaposed with the pale and beautiful look of the young woman. This
moral satire is a compliment to the writings of the humanists and intellectuals of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Summary Of The Garden Of Earthly Delights
For centuries, humans have analyzed the negative aspects of their own nature that leads them to
falling victim to overindulgence, producing myriads of written pieces and artwork to depict the
creator's portrayal and interpretation. Various forms of abundance, control, and power are vices that
humans are drawn to, utilizing them with greed and selfish intent in their hearts. Hieronymus Bosch,
a Renaissance–era painter from the Netherlands and most popular for his "invention" of Early
Netherlandish style paint, depicts his take on human's overindulgence of the vices through a world–
famous piece titled "The Garden of Earthly Delights". Created as a triptych, a three–part painting
divided into three separate panels, The Garden tells the story of humanity's empire, from the pure
creation of man, to the corrupted result of man's overindulgence in the vices. Bosch's heavily
references a biblical story, particularly of Adam and Eve, in this piece, a trait common in Early
Netherlandish paintings. This painting style makes reference to biblical works as well as heavily
emphasizes the use of shadows and light, allowing for the natural aspects of the landscape, animals,
and humans within it to appear more life–like. With the painting's richness in color, detail in
linework, and overall composition of the characters within it, Bosch's "The Garden of Earthly
Delights" evokes a deeper meaning to the formation and destruction of mankind's empire through
mankind's tendency towards corruption

Jan Van Eyck Essay
Jan van Eyck was born during c. 1935 in Maaseik, Bishopric of Liege, the Renaissance period. He
had a sister Margareta, and at least two brothers, Hubert (died 1426) and Lambert was active
between 1431 and 1442 (Both of them were also painters). Yet the order of their births is not known.
Another significant, and rather younger, painter who worked in Southern France, Barthélemy van
Eyck, is presumed to be a relation. It is not known where Jan was educated, but he had knowledge
of Latin and used the Greek and Hebrew alphabets in many of the inscriptions, indicating that he
was schooled in the classics. (From Wikipedia) The first ever record of Eyck is from the court of
John of Bavaria at The Hague, where payments were made to Jan van Eyck between 1422 and 1424
as court painter, with the court rank of valet de chambre. This suggests a date of birth ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Especially for his time, van Eyck often signed and dated his paintings in their frames, then
considered an integral part of the work (the two were often painted together). In the most substantial
early source for him, a 1454 biography by the Genoese humanist Bartolomeo Facio (De viris
illustribus), Jan van Eyck was named "the leading painter" of his day. Facio places him among the
best artists of the early 15th century, along with Rogier van der Weyden, Gentile da Fabriano, and
Pisanello. It is particularly interesting that Facio shows as much enthusiasm for Netherlandish
painters as he does for Italian painters. This text also sheds light on aspects of Jan van Eyck's
production now lost. Jan van Eyck likely had some knowledge of Latin for his many missions
abroad on behalf of the Duke. Jan van Eyck died in Bruges in 1441 and was buried there in the
Church of St Donatian (destroyed during the French Revolution). (From

Netherlandish Triptych Case Study
My thesis examines in three case studies that taken together demonstrate how the triptych
transformed over the course of the fifteenth century. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence of the
characteristic form of the triptych that begins with Robert Campin. Campin, who lived from 1375–
1444, and who is usually identified with the Master of Flemalle. He is also considered to be the first
master of Flemish and early Netherlandish painting and established the typical form of the
Netherlandish triptych. Campin settled into Tournai in the early 1400s as a free master of the guild
of goldsmiths and painters. Eventually, Campin represented the guild on the city council. Since
there are no documents relating to Campin's apprenticeship or training, three stylistic sources have
been proposed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Melchior Broederlam, who worked on the Retable of the Passion (fig. 2), Henri Bellechose, who
was known for working with Philip the Bold, and Claus Sluter, a Burgundian sculpture, who worked
on the Charterhouse of Champmol. Broederlam is an important influence because his retable is one
of the earliest forms of a triptych in the Netherlands. Campin utilized some elements from the
Retable of the Passion (fig. 2), but ultimately was the first to create a standard for triptychs. He was
known for realistic figures, depiction of emotions in his paintings and also a sense of ambiguity.
That ambiguity is evident in Campin's Virgin and Child (fig. 3), the nimbi of the Virgin's intersects
with the Christ Child's head and creates a touching moment of intimacy between mother and child.
Their halos also act as a mediator between the foreground and background. The shape of the gems
in the halo reflects the rectilinear nature of the background, but the solid quality of the halo
separates it from the background. The halo seems to exist in both levels, creating a valency. This
sense of ambiguity and multivalence would come to characterize Campin's

Intramuros
HUMANITIES 1
(RESEARCH PAPER)
HISTORY OF PAINTINGS
AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD
ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ
4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY)
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th–CENTURY MODERN * AND
CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY *
Paintings of famous painters
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION:
Painting can be done in a variety of media. For example, Oils, Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache and
Tempera.
Paints are made from a pigment, and a binder. Binder is relatively cheap, while pigment is much
more expensive. Pigments are a colored powder, made from organic or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The history of Japanese painting is a long history of synthesis and competition between native
Japanese aesthetics and adaptation of imported ideas. Korean painting, as an independent form,
began around 108 B.C., around the fall of Gojoseon, making it one of the oldest in the world. The
artwork of that time period evolved into the various styles that characterized the Three Kingdoms of
Korea period, most notably the paintings and frescoes that adorn the tombs of Goguryeo's royalty.
During the Three Kingdoms period and through the Goryeo dynasty, Korean painting was
characterized primarily by a combination of Korean–style landscapes, facial features, Buddhist–

centered themes,
3
Chinese painting:
Further information: History of Chinese art, Tang dynasty art and Ming Dynasty painting
Spring Morning in the Han Palace, by Ming–era artist Qiu Ying (1494–1552 AD)
The earliest surviving examples of Chinese painted artwork date to the Warring States Period (481 –
221 BC), with paintings on silk or tomb murals on rock, brick, or stone. They were often in
simplistic stylized format and in more–or–less rudimentary geometric patterns. They often depicted
mythological creatures, domestic scenes, labor scenes, or palatial scenes filled with officials at
court. Artwork during this period and the subsequent Qin Dynasty (221 – 207 BC) and Han Dynasty
(202 BC – 220 AD) was made not as a means in and of itself or for higher personal expression;
rather artwork was

Saint Sebastian Interceding For The Plague Stricken
The artwork that I would like to discuss is Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken, an oil
painting done in the 1490s by Josse Lieferinxe a South Netherlands artist. ("Saint Sebastian
Interceding for the Plague Stricken.") I went to the Walter Art Museum and this image hidden it was
in the third floor in the corner. As for the comparison I decided to choose the right, Saint Sebastian
and the Bishop Saint, and for the third artwork that we had discussed in class that I'd like to discuss
is the Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch. The main image is Saint Sebastian
Interceding for the Plague Stricken. However what these artworks have in common is that they have
a lot of movement and have the same religion. Also each artwork conveys different the messages
and they have a different function.
First when I saw the Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken I immediately knew it that
the painting had to do with the Black Death. The Black Death is widely known even today because
so many people were infected and it's a major part of history. I remember seeing it in movies,
history and documentary channels. The plague killed nearly one–third population of Europe. ("The
Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever.") Another thing I already knew was in the painting
Christians were experiencing and witnessing sudden death because of the Black Death. There face
expression of the people all seemed to be terrorized and probably the viewers during that time

The Arnolfini Wedding Essay
Jan van Eyck has been one of the more prominent early Netherlandish painters during his time. He
has had many famous works, however one of his more interesting and questionable pieces is The
Arnolfini Portrait. There is much to be desired in this painting by the great van Eyck. Van Eyck has
been a master painter most of his career, but in this painting he is able to show how his excellent
painting skills can bring this painting to life. The Arnolfini Portrait, which measures 82 × 59.5 cm
(32.3 × 23.4 in) is an oil painting on oak panel dated 1434. This painting is also known by other as
The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage, The Arnolfini Double Portriat, or Giovanni
Arnolfini and his Wife. It is one of the only 15th century ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is even speculated that he may have went so far as to use a magnifying glass when working on
these small details to ensure that they were as accurate as possible. This attention to detail has not
only brought the painting to life, but from a researchers point it illustrated just how important this
painting was for van Eyck to paint, and important the Arnolfini wedding may have been to him. It is
said that van Eyck may have included himself in this painting. If you take a look into the far
background reflected in the mirror there is a mysterious man on a turban. This easter egg inside the
painting may have been deliberately placed there for several reasons. Van Eyck may have wanted
the viewer to feel like they were standing with him while he was painting this image if it was indeed
painted on the spot. Or it could simply have been inserted into the scene of the painting that could
be completely fictional.
Van Eyck has precisely placed everything in this painting in certain spots for a reason. He was very
good at leading the viewer's eye in a way that made sense. In this painting the first thing that van
Eyck wanted us to see was the famous mirror in the background so he deliberately placed it right in
the center of the painting. This not only lets you see the whole room but also splits up the two
subjects, Giovanni and his wife. Looking on form the painting to

The Collection At The Museum Of Fine Arts
RESEARCH
Integrated into the Permanent Collection at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Pieter Brueghel the
Younger 1620's painting Return from the Inn, illustrates an outdoor winter scenery of rustic peasant
life in early seventeenth century Belgium. Born in 1564 or 1565 in Brussels, Belgium, Pieter
Brueghel the Younger was a Flemish painter best known for being the oldest son of the notable
sixteenth–century Netherlandish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder and Mayken Coecke van Aelstv
(Artnet, 2016). Following the passing of both of his parents, Brueghel the Younger and his siblings
Marie and Jan went to live with their grandmother Mayken Verhulst, a reputable painter of
watercolors. It was her who acquainted Brueghel the Younger to painting. Around 1578, the family
relocated to Antwerp, Belgium, where Brueghel the Younger settled down and started a family. Also
during this time, Brueghel the Younger was practicing painting in the studio of a landscape painter,
Gillis van Coninxloo (Artnet, 2016).
The flourishing art market of this era and the high demand of Pieter Brueghel the Elder's paintings
drove his son to dedicate his time to recreating a body of low–priced and inspired replicas of his
father's peasant scenes works (ArtUK, 2016). Akin to his father, he painted sceneries, religious
matters, axioms and small town landscapes. The paintings were sold for local sale and export and
were generally noted as missing humanism and nuance. In addition, he did create authentic

Analysis Of The Limbourg Brothers Herman, Paul And Jean De...
Born in Nijmegen between 1385 and 1390, the Limbourg Brothers Herman, Paul and Jean de
Limbourg were the sons of a wood–craver who unfortunately died when they were 10 years of age.
Due to the lost, their mother sent them with his brother called Jean Malouel who was the most
important painter for the French and Burgundian Court.
While living in France, Herman and John were apprenticed by a goldsmith in Paris. Reluctant to
loose touch with their cultural Netherlandish roots, they were going back to Nijmegen to visit their
mother but they were captured and became prisoners of war. Since the mother could not pay the
ransom, Phillip the Bold paid it as a gratitude for al the dedication Malouel have had throughout all
his years at the court.
When Phillip the Bold died, the bothers went to work for his Phillip's brother, Jean Duke of Berry.
The Duke of Berry was a notable patron, and art collector. He commissioned many works of art and
among one of them was the most famous Book of Hours, the Très Riches Heures done by the
Limbourg Brothers. This book of hours was richly decorated and illustrated symbols of piety and
status of its patron the Duke of Berry.
An illustrated manuscript, has text supplemented with many decorations as margins, initials,
miniature illustrations made with gold, silver and inspired in Western Traditions. Wealthy people
commissioned them, and they provided prayers appropriate for each liturgical hour of the day. The
process of illumination required

Select and Fully Identify Two Paintings from Different Art...
Prompt: Select and fully identify two paintings from different art historical periods and cultures that
depict the same subject or theme. Then discuss how the presentations are a reflection of the culture
and style in which it was created.
Can be found on pg. 560 in textbook can be found on pg. 600 in textbook
The first work is the center panel of the Merode Altarpiece by Robert Campin in 1425. It is titled
The Annunciation and is a Flemish painting. The second work is a fresco by Fra Angelico entitled
Annunciation. It was made in 1440 in Florence, Italy. The Merode Altarpiece is considered early
fifteenth century Flemish art while Annunciation is considered Early Renaissance art. The subject of
both of these paintings is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This work would have been located in a private Flemish home for private worship but it now
located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The Annunciation is significant to history
because it demonstrated the shift of public worship at a church to private worship in the home. This
shift would eventually lead to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
Annunciation, the fresco, clearly demonstrates the focus on religion in the 15th century. The fresco
is part of numerous frescos that were commissioned by the abbot of the Dominican monastery of
San Marco. The purpose of the fresco was to give religious reminders and instill piety into the
monks who were dedicating their lives to prayer. There is even an inscription at the bottom of the
work that reminds the monks to say a Hail Mary when they pass the work. Fra Angelico was greatly
influenced by two Gothic artists Gentile da Fabriano and Masaccio. The influence of Fabriano is
evident in the drapery and detail of Gabriel's wings which give a decorative style to the fresco. The
influence of Masaccio can be seen in the use of realistic depth. The work also uses linear
perspective which can be seen in the line between garden and the architecture. However, the lighting
and the proportions of the figures within the architecture are irrational. It could be said that these
artistic 'mistakes' were

Jan Van Eyck: Netherlandish Artist
Born 1390, Jan Van Eyck was a flemish painter who was one of the first to perfect the newly
developed technique of oil painting. In 1425 Van Eyck entered the service of the influential Valois
prince, Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. Van Eyck also did paintings for other private clients as
well as the court. Van Eyck was exceptionally well paid for a painter, his salary alone sets him apart
from many early Netherlandish painters, since most of them depended on individual commissions to
make their livelihood. Van Eyck annual salary was quite high when he first was brought into the
employ of Philip the Good, but it doubled twice in the first few years, plus many special bonuses.
This was not surprising considering that Van Eyck was held in extraordinarily

Francois Boucher
Pg 3 info–
"Francois Boucher painted The Toilet of Venus. This painting was custom–made for Madame de
Pompadour as part of the decoration for her cabinet de toilette at the Chateau de Bellevue, which
was one of the residences she shared with King Louis XV. In the painting there are cupids and doves
which are attributes of Venus as the goddess of Love. The flowers allude to her role as patroness of
gardens and the pearls reflect her mysterious birth from the sea. Francois made the painting during
the Rococo Style period. As a painter of nudes, Boucher had no equal in his generation. "
Painter François Boucher (1703–1770) was an important French artist who created works in the
Rococo style. He was inspired by several sources, ranging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Although surfaces like linoleum, wooden panel, paper, slate, pressed wood, and cardboard have
been used, the most popular surface since the 16th century has been canvas, although many artists
used panel through the 17th century and beyond. Panel is more expensive, heavier, harder to
transport, and prone to warp or split in poor conditions. For fine detail, however, the absolute
solidity of a wooden panel gives an advantage.
The artist might sketch an outline of their subject prior to applying pigment to the surface.
"Pigment" may be any number of natural substances with color, such as sulphur for yellow or cobalt
for blue. The pigment is mixed with oil, usually linseed oil but other oils may be used as well. The
various oils dry differently, creating assorted effects.
Traditionally, artists mixed their own paints from raw pigments they often ground themselves and
medium. This made portability difficult and kept most painting activities confined to the studio. This
changed in the late 1800s, when oil paint in tubes became widely available. Artists could mix colors
quickly and easily, which enabled, for the first time, relatively convenient plein air (outdoor)
painting (a common approach in French Impressionism).
The artist most often uses a brush to apply the paint. Brushes are made from a variety of fibers to
create different effects.
PG. 3 POLITICS
The reign (1715–1774) of Louis XV saw an initial return to peace and prosperity under the regency

Rogier Van der Weyden Essay
Rogier Van der Weyden was a Flemish painter of the mid–15th century. Rogier was chiefly
influenced by his first teacher, Robert Campin. Although details of his early training are sketchy, it
is generally accepted that he entered the workshop of Robert Campin, the foremost painter in
Tournai and dean of the painters' guild, in 1427 at the age of 27 (http://www.belgium.be). Rogier
remained in Campin's studio for five years, becoming an independent master of the guild on August
1, 1432. Van der Weyden was not permitted to sell his artwork while studying in Campin's shop.
From Campin, Rogier learned the ponderous, detailed realism that characterizes his earliest
paintings, and so alike are the styles of these two masters that critics still do ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Campin was not the only source of inspiration in Rogier's art. Jan van Eyck, the great painter from
Bruges, also profoundly affected the developing artist, introducing elegance and subtle visual
refinements into the bolder, Campinesque components of such early paintings by Rogier as St. Luke
Painting the Virgin. It was in Bruges, where Rogier may have resided between 1432 and 1435, that
he became thoroughly acquainted with van Eyck's style (http://humanitiesweb.org). The spiritual
essence of a scene was displayed with similar technical virtuosity by Van der Weyden. His
international renown was exceeded only by that of Hugo van der Goes, who united van Eyck's
naturalism with penetrating studies of humanity(Eyewitness Books, Renaissance, 20.) Rogier may
well have also been influenced by the writings of Thomas a Kempis, the most popular theologian of
the era, whose "practical mysticism," like Rogier's paintings, stressed empathetic
response to episodes from the lives of Mary, Christ, and the saints
(http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/weyden/). By translating the main ideas of Gothic Art into
the new, lifelike style, Rogier did a great service to northern art. He saved much of the tradition of
lucid design that might otherwise have been lost under the impact of Jan van Eyck's discoveries
(The Story of Art, 276).
While on a pilgrimage to Italy in 1450, Rogier apparently tutored Italian

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany, during a time called the Renaissance. His
creations of art and advancements in science not only surpassed those of his time, but have
contributed to the fundamentals of modern day technology and are arguably the greatest in history.
Many of da Vinci's paintings remain today as proof of his pioneered techniques, brilliance, and
talent. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language defines "renaissance man" as "
[a] man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the
sciences." This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the
Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Italian inventors and artists realized that this was "... a new age, free from the darkness and
ignorance ... characterized [by] the preceding era"("Renaissance" Encarta). There were three distinct
periods of the Renaissance, each identified by the works of different individuals. In order to
comprehend the extraordinary greatness of Leonardo da Vinci, it is also important to become
familiar with the achievements of his predecessors and colleagues. The early Renaissance
introduced a new style of painting. Masaccio, born in 1401, was the first great painter of the Italian
Renaissance, and his use of perspective and natural lighting portrayed an important step in the
development of modern painting: "In his life, he made several important innovations in the art of
painting. His treatment of space and light influenced generations of Italian artists, earning him the
title 'Founder of the Renaissance'" (Who and When? 24).
According to John R. Hale, Bencivieni di Pepo was an Italian painter and mosaic craftsman from
Florence. He was one of the most important artists of his time, breaking with the formalism of
Byzantine art, then predominant in Italy, and introducing a more lifelike treatment of traditional
subjects. His style preceded the realistic Florentine school of the early Renaissance founded by
Giotto, and he is believed to have been Giotto's teacher. Among

The Netherlandish Renaissance: Dieric Bout
The time during the Netherlandish Renaissance was when Dutch painter Dieric Bouts flourished.
The Netherlandish Renaissance took place during the 15 and 16th centuries and it brought about the
rapid growth of fine art painting. The artists of the time experimented with oil paintings to create
paintings focusing on what they saw and less on aesthetics or perspective. As a result of churches
being strong beneficiaries to painters and the arts, there was a large increase in Christian themed
paintings. Dieric Bouts was born in 1415 in Haarlem, Holland. Very little is known about his early
life, but it is known that when he started painting, he may have studied with painter Rogier Van Der
Weyden, as there is clear influence of Weyden's work in Bouts early paintings. Bouts traveled for a
while down to the southern Netherlands, where he met the daughter of a rich merchant, Katherina
Van Der Brugghen. They married in 1448 in Louvain, where they met, and had four children
together. Bouts was first mentioned in Lovain records 9 years after he married. This would suggest
that he may have moved back to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before moving to Louvain, Bout's works were known for their lack of realism in their anatomy. In
his paintings, his human subjects had stiff and angular compositions. Once he settled in Louvain
with his first wife and children, his work gradually showed greater treatment to figure with more
defined severity and dignity to the subject. Within his work, he was highly praised for "depicting the
countryside". He was able to make vast landscapes that perfectly illustrate the different times of the
day. Deric was fluent both in tempera, and the new oil painting. His style was full of color and he
was greatly recognized for his Dutch origins that showed through in his work. He was able to sell
many works as Netherlandish art was in high demand in his time because of the Netherlandish

Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany, during a time called the Renaissance. His
creations of art and advancements in science not only surpassed those of his time, but have
contributed to the fundamentals of modern day technology and are arguably the greatest in history.
Many of da Vinci's paintings remain today as proof of his pioneered techniques, brilliance, and
talent. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language defines "renaissance man" as "
[a] man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the
sciences." This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the
Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful artists and scientists, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The influence of the Italian Renaissance affected northern Europe at the beginning of the Fifteenth
Century, called the Northern Renaissance. This renewal of cultural activity was marked by an acute
interest in human beings and by the use of natural detail in paintings. An interest in ancient art and a
knowledge of linear perspective did not develop in the north until the Sixteenth Century; and even
then, not all artists used the discoveries that were made in Italy.
Another statement from James Snyder is that one of the most important of Fifteenth Century
Netherlandish painters was Jan van Eyck, who painted the remarkable Ghent Altarpiece. It contains
hundreds of figures, as well as a variety of vegetation so carefully rendered that more than thirty
plant species can be identified. Other outstanding artists of the period were Rogier van der Weyden,
who focused on emotional drama in his religious paintings; Hans Memling, who created delicate,
graceful figures against ethereal backgrounds; and Hugo van der Goes, who painted a superb
altarpiece with a wealth of precise details for the Italian Portinari family. Characteristic of all these
artists was the use of symbols, or iconography (57).
Three other artists from this period, as described by the book Who and When? The Renaissance:
Artists and Writers, are Pieter Brueghel, Albrecht Durer, and Hieronymus Bosch. Brueghal is
famous for his lively, colorful, and humorous paintings of ordinary people going about their

Crucifixion And Last Judgement Analysis
A piece of artwork that is recognized today is the Crucifixion and Last Judgement by the famous
artist, Jan van Eyck and his workshop assistant which was made in 1440–41. Jan van Eyck was born
in Maaseik, Belgium in 1390. He is considered to be an early Netherlandish painter and significant
Renaissance artist of the 15th century who spent most of his career life in Bruges, Belgium. This
painting consists of two small panels in which one panel depicts the crucifixion of Jesus and the
other portrays scenes that associate themselves with the Last Judgement. In the first panel you can
see a crowd surround Jesus during his crucifixion. In the background, you can see a clear picture of
Jerusalem. On the bottom you can you see five people that appear to be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As the viewer, when you look at this woman, it makes me follow her gaze to what she looks at
which I believe to be the reason as to why the artist painted her in that way. From my knowledge on
this scene from varies movies, soldiers would come and break the legs of those crucified to speed
their death. When they came to Jesus, they could not break his legs as he was already dead. Instead,
a solider pierced his side with his lance to assure themselves that he was dead. In the Last
Judgement panel, you can see that the artist divided the painting into three different sections which
depict heaven, earth and hell. In the section where heaven can be portrayed you can see a couple of
angels above Christ blowing on their horns and Christ, himself is sitting in the center of many
angels and saints. Jesus still appears to have the wounds of his crucifixion and the wound received
from the soldier's spear, but instead of being naked, he is wearing a red robe. To the right and left of
Jesus, you can see Mary (left) and John the Baptist (right) kneeling next to him and praying. Jesus,
Mary and John the Baptist have a yellow glow surrounding

The Garden Of Earthly Delights By Hieronymus Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights is a painting that was created by an artist by the name of
Hieronymus Bosch. The Garden of Earthly Delights is a three panel painting that took from 1505 to
1510 to complete. The three panels consist of a center panel (which stands at approximately 7'2" x
6'4") and two outer wings (which stands at approximately 7'2" x 3'2"). Initially, I'd like to talk about
the artist of this elegant masterpiece. This Netherlandish painter is named Hieronymus Bosch.
Bosch was born in 's–Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands in 1450. Bosch was known for being the
most famous Netherlandish personality. Some of Bosch's most famous paintings are "The Garden of
Earthly Delights" (as shown in figure 1) and "The Crucifixion of St. ... Show more content on
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"The Haywain" which was a three panel painting. In the first panel, Bosch illustrates Adam and Eve.
In the center panel, Bosch paints clergy and peasants preforming sinful behavior. Finally, in the last
panel Bosch paints hell. The second example is "The Last Judgement" (as shown in figure 4) which
he painted in the year of 1504. The center panel shows the fall of humanity. The remaining two
interior panels show sin, chaos and violence. The final example that we can use to find out Bosch's
style of painting and different techniques he uses to paint is the "The Temptation of Saint Anthony"
(as shown in figure 5) which he painted from 1505 to 1506. In the painting Saint Anthony is being
shown resisting evil and then following a group of believers. Bosch painted a lot of painting and is
an incredibly huge influence on the art world. Bosch has influenced artists because he would use a
lot of symbols in his art to show deeper meaning in the world in the Dark Ages in the world. Bosch
would often paint how he imagined problems in the world would be handled or turn out often to
warn people about why they should never sin. Bosch influenced people to be good citizens and
attend to church by often painting fantasies about hell. Bosch was the most influential Netherlandish
painter the art world has ever seen. Unfortunately, Bosch died in August 1516 (that is an estimate
because the exact date is unknown) in his birthplace 's–Hertogenbosch.

Pieter Bruegel Research Paper
Pieter Bruegel was born to paint. Many people in his family were painters, such as his wife's family.
Pieter painted beautiful landscapes and scenes from peasant life. His paintings use wonderful colors
and proportion. He was from Italy, the birthplace of the Renaissance and was a very gifted painter.
Pieter Bruegel was a Renaissance man. He painted many realistic scenes of peasant life. His
paintings resembled the idea of realism in this time period. It showed what peasant life would have
looked like. Bruegel was born in modern day Netherlands. He contributes to society and the legacy
of the Renaissance by painting realistic scenes. Many historians get an idea of what peasants life
would look like because of his accurate and realistic paintings.
Bruegel was one of the most important painters in the 16th century because of his paintings. He did
a lot of work in the Antwerp painters guild in 1555. He grew up educated and in a family with high
townsmen. Many historians figure that this is the reason there is impactful knowledge and beauty in
his works. In his 20's he had done many exemplary thing. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He was able to travel around the world. He had talents many people don't posses. He was accepted
into Guilds in his 20's. His legacies live on through his art work, something many dream of but
aren't able to fulfill. His art influenced changes that separated Medieval times and Renaissance
times. Because of Bruegel many things are known. His life and art gave historians and scholars a
look into what peasant life would look like. Bruegel was a Renaissance man. Pieter Bruegel had a
exciting early life because of where he was born. He had a career as an artist and did many
influential things. History would be different without him. Pieter Bruegel's paintings are interesting
to look at and have deep meaning behind them. It is a true talent conveyed in every painting. After
looking at his painting, there is no doubt why they were so wildly

Jan Van Eyck
Jan van Eyck (1390, Maaseik, Belgium – 9 July 1441, Bruges, Belgium) was a prominent
Netherlandish painter and one of the most famous Northern Renaissance artists of the 15th century.
Little is known about his early life and background. He joined the Renaissance, Flemish School
movement. Until 1425, he worked as a painter and restoring pictures at the court of Duke Johann of
Bavaria in Hague. In the remaining years of his life, he worked as court artist to Philip the Good (31
July 1396 – 15 June 1467).
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His painting was detailedly realistic depictions and natural light. He often painted with many
religious subjects and portrait artworks.
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This period of the major Netherlandish painters are Rogier van der Weyden(1399 or

Analysis Of Jan Van Eyck 's The Dutch And Flemish
The Renaissance was a time of rebirth, and evolution in artwork all around Europe. Up in the North,
right behind the Italians, the Dutch and Flemish were gearing up for their own shift in artwork to
surpass their neighbors. Following inspiration from their Italian neighbors, and the International
Gothic style, they looked forward and redefined painting as a style, while also changing arts
meaning. Making the characters true to life in artwork was a new feat never before seen until the
High Renaissance in Italy. Jan Van Eyck took the Netherlands by storm by renovating the
International Gothic style, and creating a more naturalistic style that spawned dozens of copiers, and
inspired artists to strive for a more realistic, original view of the human body. He mastered both
portrait artwork and religious altarpieces in a style of oil painting he invented. It conjured a
movement of painting, which would soon change the European art scene as he passed away.
Religious painting also took hit of Eyck's artwork as it introduced the realism style religious figures
in life–sized format. Jan van Eyck was a master of realism for the time period he lived in, and gave
the north what Leonardo di Vinci gave to Italy. Renaissance artwork was groundbreaking because of
its naturalistic style brought on by Jan van Eyck that created life like portraits, and dynamic story
telling in altarpieces.
Following the early Italian Renaissance, the Dutch decided to dip their feet in the pool of inspiration

Return From The Inn
Part of the Permanent Collection at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Pieter Brueghel the
Younger's painting Return from the Inn made around 1620, illustrates an outdoor winter landscape
of rural peasant life in early seventeenth century Belgium. Born in 1564 or 1565 in Brussels,
Belgium, Pieter Brueghel the Younger was a Flemish painter best known for being the oldest son of
the famous sixteenth century Netherlandish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder and Mayken Coecke
van Aelstv (Artnet, 2016). Following the passing of both of his parents, Brueghel the Younger and
his siblings Marie and Jan went to live with their grandmother Mayken Verhulst, a well–established
painter of watercolors. It was her who introduced Brueghel the Younger to painting. ... Show more
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At first contact with the painting, my eyes were immediately drawn to the center of the painting
where a dominant figure of a man is highlighted not only by his large size, but also by his bright red
jacket which invokes a strong presence in the painting. In contrast, the other peasant–like characters'
wear muted, dark colors while the child's clothing in the far bottom left of the painting is almost
indecipherable among the dark tree trunk. The use of the primary color red at the center of the
painting emphasizes a sense of tension, urgency and motion (Herberholz, & Herberholz, 2002, p.
29). However, I also observed the emanating warm palette of colors associated with this Flemish
renaissance era (Pastro, 2005, p. 51). The colors are "cozy" and reassuring. In truth, the blue sky,
light ochre buildings and the terracotta–colored church, all covered with crisp white snow gives the
painting its arresting quality, presenting a peaceful winter country scene. Overall, the painting
presents a wide range of values and tones of colours. For instance, shades of yellow and gray are
strategically painted onto the snow to represent the shoe prints of the characters. Interestingly,
unlike his father, Pieter Brueghel the Younger depicted detailed objects in the painting through the
use of representational shapes. In these artwork, the emphasis is on the realistic presentation of the
subject matter. The people, objects, or landscape look very real and may be considered an imitation
of nature (Herberholz, & Herberholz, 2002c, p. 90). In fact, artists frequently use realistic shapes in
a two–dimensional artwork to represent three dimensional object–forms–that they see in the natural
world (Herberholz, & Herberholz, 2002b, p. 34). In addition, the actions of the prominent figures
give the painting a series of clear lines that are sharp and even perhaps violent. In the book Artworks
for

Art Analysis: Renaissance Period vs. Italian Baroque
Comparing and Contrasting Two Work of Art Introduction: It is always interesting to know how a
singular topic can be treated so differently by two different artists. There is not only the more
obvious difference of the techniques that have been employed, but there is also the difference in the
way they perceive the topic. There is also the era and the region and influence of their background
which has a direct impact on the work of Art that they produce. In this paper, we will try to develop
an understanding regarding the difference that exist between a work that was developed in the
Renaissance Period and one that came out in the Italian Baroque. The paper will try to find the
ground on which they coincide and those on which they differ from each other. The Money Changer
and his Wife, 1514 Artist: Quentin Massy: Quentin Massays has been considered as "one of the
leading members of the Flemish Painting school in Antwerp during the 16th century" (Quentin
Massys). His work shows overlapping with Old Masters like Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519),
Bruges artist Jan van Eyck (1395–1441), Hugo van der Goes (c.1440–1483) and Roger van der
Weyden (1399–1464) and influences or derivation of elements from the work of these artist can be
seen in his own work as well. He has to his claim many a work, with his most valuable contribution
to the Netherlandish Renaissance art being that he became the first artist to portray humans as
humans only and not the divine being that they had

Cosme Tura's Work
Cosmè Tura was one of the first Netherlandish painters to master the oil technique in Italy. Most of
his works were lost but one of his most known artworks, the organ doors are preserved in a
museum. The organ doors contain two of his artworks, one when it is open and another when it is
closed. For most of his life he was a court painter in Ferrara for the d'Este dukes. His two most
important contributions are being an official court painter and being an important figure in the
School of Ferrara.
Tura was born in 1430 in the city of Ferrara, Italy where he lived for most of his life. Giorgio
"Vasari wrote that Turo was a student of Galasso Galassi and the the two worked together at the
ducal seat of Belriguado, where Tura would decorate a chapel ... Show more content on
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St George and the Princess was also painted on canvas with tempera paint. The background of St
George and the Princess is a mountain with a road going up to the top where there is a building.
Also the princess is running away scared from St George who is on the horse. This painting by Tura
is a good painting but a little hard to understand.
Without Cosmè Tura the world today would be very different. Since, Tura used the oil technique for
most of his paintings it would not be as popular without him. Also he helped a lot with the School of
Ferrara so the school may not have even existed. Without the School of Ferrara many of the good
artists from the 15th century would not be well known. Tura may not have been the best or most
known artist but he contributed to many important things. The two things that helped Tura to
become more successful were working for the d'Este dukes and being a big figure in the Ferrara
School. Some of the artworks he made besides the ones for the organ doors were, A Muse
(Calliope?), Saint Jerome, The Virgin and the Enthroned, and The Virgin Annunciate. Cosme Tura
was an artist who grew up in the small town of Ferrara but in his later years became a very
successful man. Will we ever discover more about Cosmè

The Dutch Century
The Netherlands, at the end of the Eighty Years War with Spain in 1648 and spanning throughout
the 17th century, arose as significant new cultural, political and economic force. The change in the
balance of power, for the first time in modern history, were handed to the bourgeois. This was one of
the consequences of the Republic's independence. Because of this change, there were vast
repercussions on the art market. The most thriving nation in Europe was the new Dutch Republic
who let in science, art and trade. The unique factor of this period is the conception of different types
of paintings. Majority of the artists produced most of their work within one of these. Inherited from
Early Netherlandish painting, most of the work that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By leading the expedition of expanding the landscape genres in art, the Dutch presence would be
manifested because of Avercamp's work A Wooded River Landscape with a Church and Figures.
The View of Delft is an oil painting created by Johannes Vermeer in about 1660–1661. The painting
represents the Dutch artist's hometown and is viewed as one of his more popular works, because he
painted cityscapes at a time when they were profoundly uncommon. Vermeer paints the city from
the southeastern direction where the observer can see the Schie Canal run through the city. In View
of Delft, Vermeer reflects the concept of beauty and the conspicuous churches which could be an
indirect reinforcement of Christian values and morals of this time. The detail of this painting is quite
precise as the viewer can see people passing by chatting and ripples on the water. Vermeer embeds
men, two peasant women both wearing traditional clothing, and a mother with a child to represent
the Dutch society at this time. Idealism is also seen in the figures represented of the Delft
community and his depiction of the city at dawn coveys a feeling of harmony. Vermeer uses a
multitude of methods to seize the authentic significance of this scene and was admired, in
compositional techniques, for this one of a kind dynamics. Vermeer's tactics to create realistic
images from mundane moments of daily life gave the lightened the Dutch more because cityscape
paintings were

The Renaissance And Italian Renaissance
The Renaissance (rebirth), was a time in which all art became more personalized and represented
more than we see. There were two major stages in the Western European/ Italian Renaissance: Early
Renaissance and High Renaissance. It gave patrons a new outlook on art and the world. Styles such
as Mannerism, Fresco, and Parietal help advance art in western Europe. Most of the Renaissance
works were religious,or had had something to do with the ancient times (ancient greece and roman
culture). Not only was is a re–birth of art, it was a re–birth of scientific thinking and studying
architecture. Although there are two major sections to the Renaissance, there are very few
differences between the two periods of time in the 15th and 16th ... Show more content on
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Mannerism was huge in Italy. One of the greatest pieces created in this style was Leonardo's 'Mona
Lisa'. Leonardo uses mysterious elements for the background, it recalls one of his other lesser
known paintings named 'Madonna of the Rocks'. The reason this piece is so fascinating is because
Leonardo finished very few of his works. He did, however have a notebook of "Renaissance
Drawings". Since Leonardo was an architect as well as an artist, this led him to create some of the
greatest technology man has ever known. They also resembled his ideas of what the Renaissance
meant to him and the ideas he gained from this re–birth. Some of Leonardo's tactics are still used
today. Take cutaways for example. This style of imagery was used long before the age of X–Rays.
Leonardo was not the only one with Renaissance Drawings. It was common for a lot of Renaissance
artists to have notebooks full of drawings. Artists usually used silverpoint stylus when drawing in
their notebook. For other works, artists used different materials (ink pen, chalk, charcoal, brush,
graphite/lead). This has lead me to believe that artists used different materials to create different
moods, and to give each piece a different meaning. Another big name in the Renaissance was
Raphael (Raffaello Santi). It is said that Raphael mostly likely learned his tactics and roots of
Renaissance art from his father, Giovanni Santi.

Essay about Mannerism in Florence and Rome
Mannerism in Florence and Rome
– considered to be more self– consciously "artificial"
– derived from aspects of Raphael and Michelangelo
– cold formalism was considered to be inner vision
Rosso
– (1494–1540), Italian painter, whose early works helped define Italian mannerism
– later was a founder of French mannerism
– was born Giovanni Battista di Jacopo di Guasparre in Florence
– early work had odd perspectives, violent colors, and harsh lighting
– 1523 Rosso moved to Rome, where he was influenced by Italian artist Michelangelo and Italian
mannerist painter Parmigianino
– work then acquired new beauty and expressed more tempered emotions
Pontormo
– (1494–1557), Italian painter, whose style is marked by elongated ... Show more content on
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– not as much as unique personality or individualistic
– lavishly ornate costume
Anguissola
– (1527–1625), Italian painter, who specialized in portraits and was an important role model for
other female Italian artists
– Born in Cremona, Anguissola was the eldest and best known of six sisters, all of whom were
artists
– early works were mostly self–portraits and portraits of her family
Portrait of the Artists Sister Minerva
– said that her best work was of relatives
– intimate, charming portraits
Mannerism in Venice Tintoretto
– (1518–1594), Venetian painter, one of the foremost artists of the late 16th century
– studied briefly with Venetian master Titian and also studied the works of Florentine mannerist
painters Michelangelo and Jacopo Sansovino
– incorporated these artists' different techniques, with striking results, in his paintings of the 1540s
– spatial illusions, and intense colors to create an impression of action
– later intensified his style, with techniques such as contrasts of brilliant light and cavernous dark
that made color relatively insignificant, eccentric viewpoints, and extreme foreshortening to

heighten the drama of the events portrayed
–smoke from oil lamp turns into clouds of angels
–Christ offers bread and wine as body and blood, to the apostles
–Judas is seen on the far side, can be confused with an attendant
El Greco
–greatest mannerist painter, named Domenikos Theotocopoulos, El Greco
–came to Venice to learn from

Elizabethan Era Research Paper
Artists of the Elizabethan Era The artists of the Tudor court were the painters and limners hired by
the monarchs of England's Tudor dynasty and their courtiers between 1485 and 1603, covering the
reign of Henry VII to the death of Elizabeth I. Many of these artists produced works across several
genres, including portrait miniatures, large–scale panel portraits on wood, illuminated manuscripts,
heraldic emblems, and decorative schemes for masques, tournaments and other events. Forms of Art
The Tudor period was a period of separation from European practices for England. At the start of the
Wars of the Roses, artistic activities were greatly disrupted, and most art, except for architecture,
was at a low point by 1485. The Yorkist dynasty was overthrown by the Tudors, and English
diplomats had portraits painted by the best Netherlandish painters. In the Tudor period, foreign
artists were hired and were welcomed by the English court, as they were in other parts of Europe
like Spain or Naples that were filled with art. The Netherlandish painters remained significant,
although French influence was still important on the English practice of portraits. Along with
portraits, jewellery and metalwork was thought as being a very important form of art and more
money was spent on them than on paintings. Holbein created many designs for table ornaments in
special metals and Hilliard was a goldsmith. Theater in the Elizabethan Era English Renaissance

Louise Élisabeh Vige Le Brun
Each period has its artistic characteristics. The Baroque was a style in art that it stark contrast
between light and dark. The Northern Renaissance gave so much attention and care and detail and
clarity to objects. There are two different artists. Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun was one of the
artists of the Late Baroque period of the 18th–century. Jan van Eyck was one of the famous artists of
Northern Renaissance art of the 15th century. I will describe and compare the Louise Élisabeth
Vigée Le Brun and Jan van Eyck's artworks. Also, I will discuss their careers, their styles, and life.
Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (born April 16, 1755, Paris, France – died March 30, 1842, Paris)
was a best–known French painter. She had an artist father, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They lived totally different live in different countries and periods. They used different main colors.
The atmosphere of their painting was different. The Jan van Eyck used dark colors and dark mood.
He mainly focused on the details. But the Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun used primarily bright
colors and elegant ambience. She mostly focused on the soft flattering style. I prefer the Louise
Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun's painting, Marie– Antoinette with the Rose. This is because I like the
beautiful subject and the sophisticated atmosphere. When I see other works she created, I admire the
beautiful subjects, atmospheres. I think she was apparently some kind of

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