chapter 17

1. Chapter 17
Language History
and change
BOOK: THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE -
GEORGE YULE
Oral presentation
L&WE 4
Stella Maris Saubidet Oyhamburu
Jezabel Escobar - Paula Saint Pé

2. Philology
THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE HISTORY AND CHANGE
Sir William Jones Family trees
GERMANIC
CELTIC
ITALIC
HELLENIC
BALTO-SLAVIC
INDO IRANIAN

3. Cognates
A cognate of a word in one language es a word in
another language that has a similar form and is or was
used with a similar meaning.
Family
connections

4. Comparative
reconstruction
RECONSTRUCTION
Sound reconstructionWord reconstruction
Mayority Principle
Natural development
1- final vowels often disappear
2- Voiceless sounds become voiced
3- Stops become fricatives
4- consonants become voiceless at the end of a word
MUBE MUPE MUP
1 - 2 - 3
CANTARE CANTAR CHANTER

5. Old English
Anglo-Saxons
Conversion to Christianity
Vikings
History of
English
Old English: before 1100
Middle English: 1100 to 1500
Early Modern English: 1500 to 1700
Modern English: after 1700

6. Middle English
The Normans
The Great Vowel Shift
The Printing
Geoffrey Chaucer

7. Epenthesis
spinel - spindle
timr - timber
Prothesis
Common feature from Latin to Spanish
Schola - Escuela
Spiritus - Espiritu
Internal Changes
Sound Loss
initial /h/
velar stops /k/ and /g/
velar fricative /x/
Metathesis
Frist - First
Bridd - Bird
Sound Changes

8. Semantic Changes
Syntactic Changes
Broadering
Holy Day - Holiday
Narrowing
Hund
Word Order
Double Negative Construction
Inflexional Suffixes

9. Diachronic
V A R I A T I O N
Synchronic
V A R I A T I O N