This presentation discusses normality, which is a measure of concentration defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution. A normal solution contains 1 gram equivalent of solute per liter. A decinormal solution contains 1/10 gram equivalent per liter. Normality depends on the amount of solute and temperature. It can be calculated using the formula: Normality = grams of solute x 1000 / (equivalent weight x volume of solution). The normality formula states that the normality of one solution multiplied by its volume equals the normality of a second solution multiplied by its volume. This formula can be used to calculate unknown normalities.

1. Presentation
on
Normality

2. The strength of solution measured in
terms of gram equivalent per litre is
called normality.
It is denoted by N.
A solution having 1 gram equivalent of
the dissolved solute in 1 litre of its
solution is called normal solution.

3. The solution in which 1/10th gram
equivalent of solute is dissolved per litre
of its solution,is called decinormal
solution i.e ,the solution will have N/10
strength.
Normality depends on two factors:
a) Dilution
b) Temperature

4. Mathematically,
N = weight in grams X 1000
equivalent weight expressed in gram X V
or,
N = strength in gram/litre
gm.eq.wt of the compound

5. NUMERICAL
Calculate the normality of x gram of NaOH
dissolved in y ml of solution.(eq.weight of
NaOH=40)
Here,
N = weight in gram X1000
eq.wt X V
= x X 1000
40 X y

6. NORMALITY FORMULA
Suppose N1 and V1 are normality and
volume of one solution and N2 and V2 are
the normality and volume of another
solution,then acoording to the law of
equivalent,
N1 V1 = N2 V2
This is called normality formula.

7. NUMERICAL
a mL of an unknown acid required b mL
of x N NaOH to reach the equivalence
point.Then calculate the normality of
unknown acid.
Here,
According to normality formula,
N1V1=N2V2
a X x = b X N2