2. English Grammar: Voice
Active: subject does
Passive: subject receives
“I was hit by the ball.”
English uses helping verbs
3. English Paradigm
! continuous! undefined
present active! I am hitting! I hit
! They are hitting! They hit
present passive! I am being hit! I am hit
! They are being hit! They are hit
5. Present Passive Indicative
luvomai
I am being loosed
o
mai
luvh/
You are being loosed
e
sai
luvetai
He, she, it is being loosed
e
tai
luovmeqa
We are being loosed
o
meqa
luvesqe
You are being loosed
e
sqe
luvontai
They are being loosed
o
ntai
8. Deponent Verbs
Present: “middle” and passive (luvomai)
Mid/Pas in form; Active in meaning
Forgot active form; never passive meaning
Tell by lexical form (e[rcomai, sunavgw)
Parsing (e[rcetai)
10. Present Middle Indicative
e[rcomai
I come
o
mai
e[rch/
You come
e
sai
e[rcetai
He, she, it comes
e
tai
ejrcovmeqa
We
come
o
meqa
e[rcesqe
You come
e
sqe
e[rcontai
They come
o
ntai
11. Middle
For now, all middles are deponent
75% of all middles are deponent
You wouldn’t know if a word is middle
or passive deponent
