Local Government
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Lecture slide deck on Local Government. This was for a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught between 2003-2005. http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
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Local Government
- 2. OVERVIEWOVERVIEW • What do we mean by localWhat do we mean by local government(s)?government(s)? • What is the rationale behindWhat is the rationale behind local governance?local governance?
- 3. REVIEWREVIEW • Governments are eitherGovernments are either unitaryunitary oror federalfederal –Unitary = Centralized under aUnitary = Centralized under a national governmentnational government –Federal = Both an overridingFederal = Both an overriding national federal gov’t andnational federal gov’t and autonomous local gov’tsautonomous local gov’ts
- 4. REVIEWREVIEW • The Philippines is a unitary stateThe Philippines is a unitary state –Power emanates from a centralPower emanates from a central Executive, Legislature andExecutive, Legislature and JudiciaryJudiciary –Nevertheless, there are still localNevertheless, there are still local governments under this nationalgovernments under this national governmentgovernment
- 5. LOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL GOVERNMENTS Local governments areLocal governments are subordinate entities to nationalsubordinate entities to national governments that enjoy thegovernments that enjoy the legal authority to exerciselegal authority to exercise political power over a fixedpolitical power over a fixed territoryterritory
- 6. LOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL GOVERNMENTS Local governments areLocal governments are subordinate entitiessubordinate entities to nationalto national governments that enjoy thegovernments that enjoy the legal authority to exerciselegal authority to exercise political power over a fixedpolitical power over a fixed territoryterritory
- 7. LOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL GOVERNMENTS Local governments areLocal governments are subordinate entities to nationalsubordinate entities to national governments that enjoy thegovernments that enjoy the legal authority to exerciselegal authority to exercise political powerpolitical power over a fixedover a fixed territoryterritory
- 8. LOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL GOVERNMENTS Local governments areLocal governments are subordinate entities to nationalsubordinate entities to national governments that enjoy thegovernments that enjoy the legal authority to exerciselegal authority to exercise political power over apolitical power over a fixedfixed territoryterritory
- 9. CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS • Tiers of local authorityTiers of local authority • Different from fieldDifferent from field organizationsorganizations • General purpose authoritiesGeneral purpose authorities • Municipal corporationsMunicipal corporations
- 10. DECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION DeconcentrationDeconcentration –Administrative in natureAdministrative in nature –Transfer of function toTransfer of function to regional/local institutionsregional/local institutions DevolutionDevolution –Political in naturePolitical in nature –Transfer of power to regional/localTransfer of power to regional/local institutionsinstitutions
- 11. RATIONALERATIONALE • DebureaucratizationDebureaucratization • SubsidiaritySubsidiarity • Stakeholdership and ParticipatoryStakeholdership and Participatory GovernanceGovernance • IdentityIdentity • AccountabilityAccountability
- 12. RA7160RA7160 • Decentralization in theDecentralization in the Philippines was effected byPhilippines was effected by RA7160RA7160 • The local government code isThe local government code is the framework for localthe framework for local governance in the Philippinesgovernance in the Philippines
Editor's Notes
- Tiers of Local Authority Local governments are composed of local government units that form a specific hierarchy (more on that next session) Field Organizations v. Local Governments Local Governments possess political powers whereas field organizations simply execute administrative functions (decrees/administrative orders) General Purpose Authorities Local governments perform a gamut of functions, as opposed to field organizations which perform just one Municipal corporations It possesses both private and public functions it is created by and for the stakeholders it is meant to serve Private: the enactment of its own laws Public: the implementation of national policies within its borders It is an instrumentality of the national government as well as local governance
- Strictly speaking, decentralization in terms of local government is more of devolution, although there is a fair bit of deconcentration involved.
- Debureaucratization Decentralization can lessen the bureaucracy (so that people do not have to wait for central government processes to run their course in order to enjoy government services) It also helps overcome the divisiveness that arises from the simultaneous operation of separate government agencies Subsidiarity It empowers local units to take care of their own affairs, which they most likely will be able to do much more effectively on their own Stakeholdership and Participatory Governance It is a means of giving grassroots communities ownership of their affiars It incorporates participation within the government mechanism Identity - Because LGUs are bound by territory, to some degree they bestow (political) identity to the areas they are meant to represent Accountability - Since LGUs are within the grasp of community members, much more direct accountability for government administration and services is facilitated