A PowerPoint presentation that tackles the political and leadership structures. It contains the types of political organizations, comparison of legitimacy and authority, types of authority, and the importance of legitimacy in politics.

1. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP
STRUCTURES

2. POLITICS
POWER
AUTHORITY

3. POLITICS
• REFERS TO ACTIVITIES THROUGH
WHICH PEOPLE MAKE, PRESERVE,
AND AMEND THE GENERAL RULES
UNDER WHICH THEY LIVE.
• IT INVOLVES THE DYNAMICS OF
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND
POWER. COOPERATION, AS WELL
AS THE EXERCISE OF POWER.

4. POWER
• REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO DO
SOMETHING IN ORDER TO
ACHIEVE A DESIRED OUTCOME.
• IT INVOLVES A RELATIONSHIP –
THERE IS ONE WHO EXERCISE
POWER AND ANOTHER WHO IS
SUBJECT TO IT.

5. AUTHORITY
• AUTHORITY MEANS LEGITIMATE
POWER WHICH HAS BEEN APPROVED
BY THE PEOPLE OR POWER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE
CONSTITUTIONOR THE LAW OF THE
STATE.
• LEGITIMATE POWER, WHERE IN THE
PERSONWHO HAS AUTHORITY HAS
THE RIGHT TO EXERCISE POWER.

6. TYPES OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS

7. POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
• A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS ANY ORGANIZATION THAT INVOLVES ITSELF IN
THE POLITICAL PROCESS, INCLUDING POLITICAL PARTIES, NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS, AND SPECIAL INTEREST ADVOCACY GROUPS.
• POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE SYSTEMIC MEDIATORS BETWEEN THE SOCIETY
AND THE POLITICAL PROCESS (WILSON, 1995). MOST OF THEM, INCLUDING
PARTIES, ARE NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.

8. A. BAND
• IT IS USUALLY A VERY SMALL,
OFTENTIMES NOMADIC GROUP THAT
IS CONNECTED BY FAMILY TIES AND IS
POLITICALLY INDEPENDENT.
• HUNTING AND GATHERING ARE
THEIR TYPICAL WAY OF LIFE.
• EXPERIENCE AND ABILITY GRANTS
LEADERSHIP AND POWER

9. B. TRIBES
• IT IS A COMBINATION OF SMALLER
KIN OR NON-KIN GROUPS, LINKED BY
A COMMON CULTURE, THAT USUALLY
ACT AS ONE. USUALLY BIGGER THAN
BANDS AND ARE PRIMARILY FOOD
PRODUCERS.
• SOCIAL ORDER IS MAINTAINED
THROUGH A KINSHIP AND FAMILY
SYSTEM LED BY A COMMUNITY HEAD

10. C. CHIEFDOMS
• A POLITICAL UNIT HEADED BY A
CHIEF, WHO HOLDS POWER OVER
MORE THAN ONE COMMUNITY
GROUP.
• ALREADY HAVE A FORM OF SOCIAL
AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE
CHARACTERIZED BY A COMMUNITY
LEADER. POWER IS INHERITED (BY
BLOOD OR BY ACHIEVEMENTS)

11. TWO TYPES OF CHIEFDOMS:
1. SIMPLE CHIEFDOM
— CENTRAL VILLAGE RULED BY A SINGLE FAMILY.
— NUMBER OF SMALLER COMMUNITIES SURROUND THIS SMALLER COMMUNITY WITH EACH
BEING HEADED BY SUBSIDIARY LEADER SUBSERVIENT TO THE CENTRAL RULER.
2. COMPLEX CHIEFDOM
— SEVERAL SIMPLE CHIEFDOMS RULED BY A SINGLE PARAMOUNT CHIEF RESIDING IN A SINGLE
PARAMOUNT CENTER.
— HIGHLY STRUCTURED AND HIERARCHICAL POLITICAL SYSTEM WITH A CLASS SYSTEM WHERE
THE ELITES DEMAND TRIBUTE FROM THE COMMONER(TRIBUTARY SYSTEM)

12. D. STATES AND NATIONS
• A NATION CONSISTS OF A DISTINCT
POPULATION OF PEOPLE BOUND
TOGETHER BY A COMMON CULTURE,
HISTORY, AND TRADITION WHO ARE
TYPICALLY CONCENTRATED WITHIN A
SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS.
• A STATE IS A POLITICAL UNIT THAT HAS
SOVEREIGNTY – THE LEGITIMATE AND
ULTIMATE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE –
OVER AN AREA OF TERRITORY AND THE
PEOPLE WITHIN IT.

13. AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY

14. AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY
• PEOPLE FOLLOW AUTHORITY BECAUSE OF ITS LEGITIMACY.
• JUST BECAUSE ONE HAS AUTHORITY, DOESN’T MEAN THEY HAVE
LEGITIMATE CONTROL.
• FOR AUTHORITY TO BE BINDING AND STABLE, IT HAS TO BE
LEGITIMATE.

15. AUTHORITY VS. LEGITIMACY
• AUTHORITY IS THE LEGITIMATE POWER OR
RIGHT TO GIVE ORDERS, MAKE DECISIONS, AND
ENFORCE OBEDIENCE WITHIN A SPECIFIC
DOMAIN.
• AUTHORITY REPRESENTS THE SANCTIONED
ABILITY TO CONTROL OR DIRECT INDIVIDUALS OR
GROUPS, OFTEN DERIVED FROM OFFICIAL
POSITIONS OR ROLES.
• AUTHORITY IS THE ACKNOWLEDGED EXPERTISE
OR INFLUENCE WIELDED BY SOMEONE DUE TO
THEIR KNOWLEDGE, EXPERIENCE, OR
COMPETENCE IN A PARTICULAR FIELD.
• AUTHORITY CAN BE VESTED IN INSTITUTIONS,
GRANTING THEM THE POWER TO REGULATE AND
GOVERN BASED ON ESTABLISHED RULES AND
NORMS.
• LEGITIMACY IS THE PERCEIVED VALIDITY AND
ACCEPTABILITY OF AUTHORITY, GROUNDED IN
ADHERENCE TO LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL
PRINCIPLES.
• LEGITIMACY INVOLVES THE MORAL AND
ETHICAL JUSTIFICATION OF POWER, REFLECTING
ALIGNMENT WITH SOCIETAL NORMS AND
VALUES.
• LEGITIMACY DENOTES THE RIGHTFUL AND
JUSTIFIED EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY WITHIN A
GIVEN SOCIAL, POLITICAL, OR INSTITUTIONAL
CONTEXT.
• LEGITIMACY IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH
INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS VIEW A GOVERNING
BODY AS LEGITIMATE, JUST, AND DESERVING OF
OBEDIENCE.

16. TYPES OF LEGITIMACY AUTHORITY:
A. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY
• THIS FORM OF AUTHORITATIVE POWER
COMES FROM ESTABLISHED CUSTOMS
PASSING POWER DOWN ON A HEREDITARY
BASIS; FOR EXAMPLE, THE BRITISH
MONARCHY.
• THIS TYPE OF AUTHORITY RELIES ON THE
UNQUESTIONING ACCEPTANCE OF
HEREDITARY SYSTEMS OF POWER AND
PRIVILEGE.

17. TYPES OF LEGITIMACY AUTHORITY:
B. CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY
• THIS TYPE OF AUTHORITATIVE POWER IS BASED
ON 'CHARISMA' - THE POWER OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S
PERSONALITY.
• CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY IS NOT BASED ON A
PERSON'S STATUS, SOCIAL POSITION OR OFFICE.
• A LEADER WITH CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY OFTEN
APPEALS DIRECTLY TO FOLLOWERS AS A KIND OF
HERO OR SAINT

18. TYPES OF LEGITIMACY AUTHORITY:
C. RATIONAL AUTHORITY
• THIS FORM OF AUTHORITATIVE POWER
COMES FROM CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS,
GROUPS AND INSTITUTIONS HAVING
POSITIONSOF POWER OVER
SUBORDINATE GROUPS.
• ACCORDING TO WEBER, IT OPERATES IN
MOST MODERN STATES.

19. WHY IS LEGITIMACY IMPORTANT IN POLITICS?
• LEGITIMACY IN POLITICS IS CRUCIAL BECAUSE IT ENSURES THE GOVERNMENT’S
AUTHORITY THAT IS RECOGNIZED AND ACCEPTED BY THE CITIZENS.
• WHEN PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THOSE IN POWER HAVE A LEGITIMATE RIGHT TO
GOVERN, IT FOSTERS TRUST, STABILITY, AND SOCIAL COHESION.
• LEGITIMATE POLITICAL SYSTEMS ARE MORE LIKELY TO RECEIVE SUPPORT,
COOPERATION, AND COMPLIANCE FROM THE POPULATION, CONTRIBUTING TO
EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIETAL HARMONY.
• WITHOUT LEGITIMACY, GOVERNMENTS MAY FACE CHALLENGES TO THEIR
AUTHORITY, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO UNREST AND INSTABILITY.

20. THANK YOU!