Theoretical Orientation And Practices Of Therapists By...

Theoretical Orientation And Practices Of Therapists By...
In the article Types of Theories: Theoretical Orientation and Practices of Therapists by John M.
Grohol, the author reviews the four–main school of theory and therapy techniques that are utilized in
practice. In my opinion Grohol is a great job in explaining about each theory and giving examples of
each of them, I also think he wrote this article in simple enough terms than anyone will be able to
read and learn more about psychology and counseling in itself. This article explains Psychodynamic
Theory and Therapy in very basic terms and gives great examples. On example pointed out to me
was when he explained "The unconscious motives for most human behavior are sex and aggression.
For example, perhaps the superego is much stronger than it should be and the ego is unable to
always counteract it's demands for strict, rigid, moralistic, and "right" answers ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
That person might be viewed as someone who is perfectionist, clean, etc....remember this is all
unconscious, as are all the unresolved childhood conflicts, so the person is not readily aware of why
they are the way they are. That's what therapy is for." In my opinion these few sentences explain
broadly but very well what Psychodynamic Theory is. Later in the article he explains how in
Psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapist do a great job at interpretation and explaining to
patients about their feelings, thought, and behaviors.
Later in the article the author makes a funny yet true remark. "It is not really fair to lump these two
(cognitive– behavioral and behavioral theories) together like this, but I did anyway. Why? Because
I'm trying to save space and time." I liked the remark made since it lightens the mood, however
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Examples Of Eclecticism In Roman Art
Eclecticism, Imperialism, and practicality are the major qualities that shaped the worldview in
Roman. Eclecticism refers to selection of doctrines that seems most reasonable. Roman philosophers
constructed their own new philosophy out of this material. Eclecticism played an important role
when Roman people discuss something crucial or evaluate. Good example of eclecticism can be
found in Roman art, Pantheon. Roman people built up the Pantheon as a temple dedicated to the
gods in Roman. The Pantheon was built for showing the power of their gods and their philosophy.
Although Roman influenced a lot by Greek ancient, they did not simply copy a Greek temple. They
remained the originality of Roman and combined both Roman and Greek architecture

Ugolino and His Sons
Ugolino and His Sons
Introduction to Art Principles
City College of New York, CUNY
Presented by: Markous Soliman
Presented to: Prof. William Behnken
Art had played an important role in building up civilizations from all over the world through
thousands of centuries. It is and will always still the way of projecting artists' ideas and thoughts
into meaningful and tangible objects which we called "work of art". In addition, It was the path
through all these years that dug its way to reach to our current century to show us the beauty of
every single era starting from the Upper Paleolithic Period of time (42,000 – 8,000 BCE) reaching to
our contemporary artists of today.
One of the most representing works to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Away from the head, the sculpture presented the way Ugolino's body shrinking and taking a smaller
form by bending his back to the front, putting his arm on his leg, crossing up his legs to each other
and putting his curled toes on top of each other. These all resembled the intensive way of thinking
and worrying that Ugolino had about his offspring. Moreover, the naked state of all of the figures'
bodies (Ugolino and his sons) expresses the darkness of the situation where is nothing surrounding
them but starvation and the dreadful dreams of it. On top of that, the sculpture presented his four
different–aged kids with different angles of bodies and gestures. As the eldest (the one on the bottom
left) is hugging his father's legs offering his body to his father so his suffer can end and his dad can
sustain more. Also, the youngest (the one on the bottom right) seemed dead on the ground
underneath Ugolino because of starving, closing his eyes and relying all his body on Ugolino's legs.
But he also imaged both of the two middle–aged kids – on the top right and on the top left – as they
seemed halfway hopeless of living anymore trying to hold on to their father. The one on the left was
trying to put his arms on his father's thigh so he doesn't fall like his youngest brother. And the one on
the right was trying to hide himself beneath his father's chest,

Why I Want To Be A Percussionist
In every facet of my life, I tackle problems by brainstorming and applying the most effective
solutions. As a percussionist, for example, I often analyze pieces of music and integrate key
elements from the piece into my own adaptive style, which requires diverse approaches in critical
thought and meaningful engagement. Similarly, I apply these same concepts to my problem–solving
strategies in the classroom and in the lab. For graduate study, I am interested in finding novel
approaches to treat disease states by optimization of treatment regimens and therapeutic models
based on genomic, epigenomic, and pharmacogenomic factors. For example, in my current
biochemistry course, I am reviewing the anti–cancer antibody–drug conjugate gemtuzumab ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a leader in various registered UD student organizations and in my own community, I have been
able to show eclecticism, reliability, and resiliency, three qualities that I know will help me to
succeed in a graduate program. For instance, as a senator in The National Society of Black
Engineers (NSBE), I meet with other senators on a national scale to discuss and amend existing
constitutional bylaws as needed. I also relay information between the national headquarters and
UD's local chapter. As a senator, I work to ensure that my chapter's voice is heard; and
collaboratively, I work with other senators across the nation to develop effective solutions to the
issues that NSBE faces.
I look forward to bringing my diverse skill set and passion for learning to graduate school. I am
excited about discovering how my knowledge fits into the larger narrative of medicine and, in doing
so, I hope to move from a narrowed theoretical level to a collaborative application–based
understanding.

A Study On Substance Abuse
When a client has a disorder, and goes to a therapist for help, would it make sense to help them
using only one school of thought or many? In the past, and even some today, therapist were trained
in one school of thought and so they only used techniques from that one school to treat their clients.
Substance abuse does not just affect one category of people, and if we treat everyone as a 30 year
old white upper class male/ female there are a lot of people we would be leaving out. Our country is
rich in different cultures and ethnicities, with so many it is virtually impossible to treat them all with
one set treatment method or technique. Some therapist realized a need for more diverse treatment
methods and went on to get further training in other techniques, this led to what we now call eclectic
and integrative psychotherapy. In these forms of therapy, the psychologist borrows from different
approaches to therapy to better help a particular person. The integration of various schools of
psychotherapy has been in the making for several decades, the reason it took so long to be taken
seriously is because of the competition between different schools. A good example of this is during
Freudian times when there were meetings on psychoanalysis, during these meetings each therapist
would claim that they had found the best treatment approach which caused arguments. These
disagreements only multiplied once behaviorism was founded. One of the first attempts at
combining techniques was

The Humanistic Structures That Intricately Build Personality
This paper will discuss the humanistic structures that intricately build personality, according to Carl
Rodgers and Gordon Allport in contrast to the unconscious and conscious formation of the self–
according to Jung.
Carl Rogers proposed that personality
ALLPORT
Allport approached psychology as a study of a healthy person.
Gordon Allport during his course of how personality is established Allport theorized that the
developmental of personality was purely based on trait 1. Definition "dynamic organization within
the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment to the
environment
The primary unit of personality is a trait. Whereas these traits are qualitative rather than quantitative,
and, therefore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cardinal traits are dominant traits that begin to dictate and govern all parts of one 's life (
Allport,1971) furthermore added, that a cardinal trait allowed someone to predict another's attitude
because their whole philosophy on life was directed towards this "simplification of life." An
example would be Pope John PauI II, or Karol Wojtyla if you will. Wojtyla possessed the cardinal
trait of selflessness. The Pope typically called upon his Catholic congregation to weed out their
selfish desires and embark on a journey of reciprocal love, of which the exchange was equal.
However, the Pope engaged in self–flagellation, presumably for penance for a sin he had committed.
The 'sound of penance' was so loud it could be heard in adjoining rooms. For his selflessness in
fellowship to God's word, the Pope was consistently beating himself.
Central traits, the foci of development (Allport, p.26) on the other hand, are a handful of traits are
considered to be particularly meaningful and descriptive of a particular person. Traits that appear
depending on the situation, Allport refers to as secondary traits. Influence only a few behaviors, a
person would not consistently express this trait. For example, a person may not be nervous, in
general, however, when asked to play a concert in front of a large crowd, the nerves might take over.
Traits are in the middle of the

Eclectic Psychodynamic Research
Eclectic psychology is a varied approach to psychology in which psychotherapists pool a number of
psychotherapy theories together in order to provide a flexible foundation to adapt to a patient's
needs. Eclecticism is a fairly new style of therapy used today in psychology. At one point, therapists
were using just a single system or practice, but now eclectic psychotherapy is highly dominant. The
''No'' side of the issue says that eclectic approaches have a weak conceptual bases and without a
guiding framework, therapists are less knowledgeable about the theories overall. Don Macdonald
and Marcia Webb believe that it is unnecessary for psychotherapists to know multiple theories to
work successfully. I believe Jean A. Carter brings up good ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Renegotiating with the patient requires flexibility in the clinicians' framework which calls for being
adaptive with multiple theoretical perspectives that could guide the patient to integrate the clinician's
desired worldview. The psychotherapist must be prepared to add in additional theoretical workings
in order to fit the patient's needs. On the other hand, the opposition believes that sticking with one
theory or model has the potential to achieve professional integrity in their practice of therapy. Also
that they may be less prone to changing the indecisions within his or her profession bubbling up
from treatment fads or pressures from outside sources such as public opinion. These clinicians might
be more likely to provide a balanced vision of treatment and that sticking to one theory allows for an
improved dialogue between similar

Theoretical Integrative Paper
Theoretical Integrative Paper Theoretical Integrative Paper Abstract I believe that there has not been
enough research that concerns human nature. There needs to be more of a clear perception regarding
the examination of human nature, purposes and faults that explore this area. In this essay, an effort
has been made to define, my interpretations, which are formed by my personal involvement, and a
lot of other features of my life, which have to do with normal functioning, human nature, and
dysfunctional in the setting of therapy. I have also linked my point of views to the implicit
philosophy of humans on which redecision therapy and constructive psychotherapy and
psychodynamic psychotherapy, are originated and linked together. Also, this has been completed
with the determination of copying on them for me and to piggy back on this information in order to
deliver a synthesis that would be authentic and valid for the type of personality I have and also
where I am at currently in life. With that said, I have been able to display the likelihood of a mixture
of the previous three theories mentioned above that will be able to help me with my patients that I
will have down the road. Human Nature The humans as a whole have been able to lead obviously
different lives comparing to those of the other kinds of animals, bearing in mind the fact that a few
reorganizations of human genome can outcome in something like a dolphin. In spite of this genetic
similarity, there are definite

Detailed Analysis on Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders: Detailed Analysis
First Paragraph Descriptions: Personality disorder is one of the many psychological disorders
examined by numerous psychiatrists and academics today. This is a serious psychological disorder,
yet one that can be treated by various means, most of which are still being advanced in many fields.
Thus, there is much hope that personality disorders can be treated quite well through both
psychotherapy and with medicine. Psychotherapy, one of the first topics to be discussed here, is
known as a therapeutic medium through which a patient and a doctor interact, with the patient
providing the doctor with psychological 'triggers' that the doctor can then analyze. Psychotherapy is
thus an umbrella term for many types of interventions, and these differ based on the individual.
Some define this type of therapy as "the informed and intentional application of clinical methods
and interpersonal stances derived from established psychological principles for the purpose of
assisting people to modify their behaviors, cognitions, emotions and/or other personal characteristics
in directions that the participants deem desirable." (Psychotherapeutic Interventions, P.247)
Psychotherapy is thus important as a means through which to treat all types o f personality
disorders, because of the fact that it can be tailored to a patient's needs.
Source*:
Psychotherapeutic Interventions, P. 247–271
Second Paragraph Descriptions: In the realm of psychology,

Behavioral Therapy Critique
Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy Critique
In comparison to psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies, behavior therapies are not
comprehensive. Moreover, models of behavior therapy do not address nonconscious factors that
underlie behavior. Possibly, only social learning theories approximate comprehensive theories of
behaviorism. Finally, behavior therapies are not comprehensive systems of psychotherapy.
Modern behavior theories are not parsimonious because there are hundreds of techniques. Moreover,
some of the modern behavioral theories are far more complex than the early stimulus and response
theories of the 1950s and 1960s. For example, the automaticity theories are quite complex and they
offer some links of behavior with the brain. In terms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bandura quickly learned that classical and operant conditioned theories could not explain human
learning within its complex forms and he found that when someone possessed the required sills for
certain behaviors, he or she could learn to extend a repertoire of skills by observing a model
performing those behaviors. During the 1960s and 70s, Bandura showed through several studies that
humans can learn through modeling. It was not until the 1970s that Bandura extended his theory into
a sociocognitive one, and he theorized about a process called reciprocal determinism, which is
behavior determined by the complex interaction of personal, behavioral, and situational or
contextual factors; this is also called triadic reciprocality, meaning that behavior, cognitive
processes, and environmental variables interact. Another aspect of Bandura's theory is the concept of
self–efficacy or a client's perception that he or she can successfully perform certain behaviors to
produced desired outcomes (Sapp,

Peles By Gustav Klimt
Klimt style of art developed when he worked with family portraits in the central hall of the Peles
Castle and panels flanking the balcony. What is remarkable at Peles is that historicist and Art
Nouveau elements exist side by side. Klimt's work at Peles, in particular, needs to be understood
against the background of this eclecticism. (Curta, 2005) and several recent accounts of Klimt's life
and work have briefly referred to his Peles paintings. Gustav Klimt represent just such an active
engagement with Greek antiquity, and draw essential force from a reflection on Hellenism. His
paintings references to Ancient Greece are more often rested as instances of Viennese eclecticism, or
the residue of a traditional education, than as part of any

Roman Fashion Influence In Western Culture
vRoman Art and Fashion History
In the Modern times, Roman fashion has been popularly induced in the western culture, from toga
parties to theme based play's and films, making appearances the media all through history. Roman
Fashion and art itself was a highly influence by Greece. Stylistic eclecticism was the forte of roman
art, which can still be seen in the works of art of the ancient times.
Fashion
Rome having been a country with low temperature has widely used fabrics like wool and linen in
the historic ages.
Toga's, a big part of the roman culture
From men and women to children, toga's or tunics were the most culturally accepted apparel, with
its origins from Greece it was very popular among all classes of the society, in Rome however
unlike Greece, these toga's were stitched and worn in heavy materials. Women wore "Stola's" which
were tunics made from attaching two separate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They wore scarfs indoors. Many women dyed their hair shades of golden red in order to depict
Greek hair.
Headgear
Even though women in the ancient times didn't wear hats, but they always had their hair arranged
with precision. Various hair styles including false hair become a popular commercial item, including
the use of flowers, pearls, and leaves along with other precious stones to provide emphasis and
establishing the fashion for hair.
Many female slaves were the professionals or most skillful in arranging hair using oils of various
kinds to make them soft and shiny. Many girls wore their hair in a braid or knot at the back of their
head.
Shoes:
Men and women wore almost the same types of shoes, except women's were often with thicker

soles, in order to appear taller and also decorated ith pearls and ornaments.
Roman women were highly fascinated with jewelry, ranging from brooches to ornaments and even
hair–pins, these were worn by all those who could afford

A Summary Of Integrative Psychotherapy
Integrative psychotherapy attempts to look at many schools and approaches in order to see what can
be learned and gained from each one. Psychotherapists who use an integrative approach are open to
various ways of integrating diverse theories and techniques. Integrative psychotherapy challenges to
take a look at numerous ways, and approaches keeping in mind the end goal of the client. Their
efforts to see what can be found out and picked up from each one. Psychotherapists who utilize an
integrative method are interested in different methods for coordinating various theories and
structures. The four common routes are Common factors, Theoretical integration, Assimilative
integration, and Technical eclecticism (Corey, 2013). Integrative therapist

Rock 'N' Roll: A Brief History Of Folk Music
The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rock'n'roll, folk music. But
although the forms remained, something wholly new and original was made out of these older
elements – more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The
transformation took place in 1966–7. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black
medium. Rock'n'roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic, raunchy, teen–age dance music. Folk music,
old and modern, was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and
culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states
of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul; rock, as made famous by Elvis Presley, was the beat
of youthful sensuality; and folk music, with such singers as Joan Baez, expressed anti–war
sentiments as well as the universal themes of love and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twangy electric guitar was an old country–western standby, but the new electronic effects were
altogether different – so different that a new listener in 1967 might well feel that there had never
been any sounds like that in the world before. The high, piercing, unearthly sounds of the guitar
seemed to come from other realms. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument
up to that time could produce. And in studio recordings, multiple tracking, feedback and other
devices made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live. Electronic
amplification also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and
penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a 'total' effect, so that instead fan
audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all
of their senses and all of their

Is Modern Architecture Really Dead Essay
Is Modern Architecture actually dead?
Charles Jencks' essay declares the exact date and time of the death of modern architecture with the
demolition of "Pruitt–Igoe", the housing board complex in St Louis, Missouri (US). Jencks states
that vandalizing, mutilating and defacing by the black inhabitants was the root cause of its failure.
Jencks fields questions that concern mass consumerism, kitsch, and meanings associated with the
forms of modernism. In the end, Mr. Jencks makes assumptions and predictions about where
architecture is headed, how it will get there, and what types of theoretical associations will be
appropriate with future architectural movements. Author then defines Post–Modernism as 'double
coding', a combination of Modern techniques ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Birth of late capitalism coincides with the birth of Post–Modernism and globalization. Personally I
think Jencks' prediction of death of modern architecture was an irrational decision, as he could have
termed it as the birth of post–modern architecture. After 1972, the year announced by Jencks as the
death of modern architecture, modern architecture was still taking shape in the East. Construction of
planned city of Chandigarh by Le Corbusier, who was one of the most prominent modern architect
of 20th century, shows that modern architecture was still in the veins of most of the parts of the
world and is still succumbing in the form of Vdara hotel (Las Vegas), Ryugyong hotel (Pyongyang)
and many other giant architectures in the post–modern world. I vehemently support Jencks idea of
Pluralism and Eclecticism which seems to be relevant in the 21st century. Immigrants of each and
every part of the world are seen in the 1st world countries, so the architectural requirements should
be as per their requirements, since they are contributing towards their economy. Demolition of
Pruitt–Igoe was more of symbolism, than death of modern architecture. And as claimed by Jencks
Pruitt–Igoe, never won an award for architectural

Methodological Eclecticism in Teaching English as a...
Methodological Eclecticism in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
"Eclectic", remarks Atkinson (1988, p. 42), "is one of the buzz words in TEFL at present, in part due
to the realization that for the foreseeable future good language teaching is likely to continue to be
based more on common sense, insights drawn from classroom experience, informed discussion
among teachers, etc., than on any monolithic model of second language acquisition or all–embracing
theory of learning . . . ". One problem with this position is that your "common sense" and your
"insights" are apt to be different from mine. Another is that "discussion among teachers", though
valuable, is often a futile exercise in the blind leading the blind. No one with some ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Talk about monolithism! Two curricula and methodologies are essentially teacher–centered or pre–
determined curriculum–centered, as opposed to being learner–centered. They are developed on the
basis of a linear and group–addressed program, rather than on a semi–linear or even random
program derived from individual learners' feedback. They illustrate the traditional top–dictated
organization structure of pre–democratic societies, business management, and state education. Yet,
"language is a social as well as an individual phenomenon . . . It mirrors the culture . . . is culturally
acquired" (Finocchiaro & Bonomo 1973, p. 1). Three, in practice, student's overt behaviors are
observed and measured, whereas covert behaviors are ignored or lightly passed over or deplored . . .
when perceived or intimated by those whose job it is to help modify behavior. To behaviorism, overt
behavior is the very subject–matter of psychology, precisely because one can observe it, measure it,
and shape it. It is an atomistic theory for which reflexes and the conditioned reflex are the basic
units. The trouble is that the human being, though composed of atoms, is a complex system all parts
of which are dynamically interrelated. "Atomism is in essence an analytical doctrine. It regards
observable forms in nature not as intrinsic

Christian Family Therapy
Adaptation
Christian therapists doing family therapy have never had a resource to help them navigate the
various family therapy theories from a Christian perspective––until now. In this book Mark A.
Yarhouse and James N. Sells survey the major approaches to family therapy and treat, within a
Christian framework, significant psychotherapeutic issues. The wide array of issues covered
includes crisis and trauma, marital conflict, separation, divorce and blended families, individual
psychopathology, substance abuse and addictions,mgender, culture, economic class and race,,sexual
identity
Calling for an integrated approach of "responsible eclecticism," they conclude with a vision for
Christian family therapy. A landmark work providing critical Christian engagement with existing
models of family therapy, this volume was written for those studying counseling, social work,
psychology or family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family Therapies will also serve as an indispensable resource for those in the mental health
professions, encompassing psychologists, family therapists, spiritual counselors, pastors and
individuals who are in the field of social work. McGoldrick, Giordano and Garcia–Preto submits to
its audience a cultural history of the each target group and their assimilation into American society.
Ethnicity and Family Therapy is well–written and its context is practical and provides a wealth of
insightful information in regards to various cultural backgrounds. The literature provided helps to
aid in the process of teaching others how to counsel people from a vast amount of ethnic groups and
bestows or gives detailed information about the traditional customs and aid with therapeutic
relationship.[1] The books context contains an exploration

Technical Eclecticism Essay
Written Assignment 12 Psychological Treatment; Legal and Ethical Issues 1. In actual practice,
behavior and cognitive behavior therapists employ a broad–spectrum behavioral treatment and
multimodal therapy. Explain. Before understanding why behavior and cognitive behavior therapists
utilize these techniques, it is important to understand what they are. Broad–spectrum behavioral
treatment implies the eclectic use of psychological techniques to help treat an individual. This can
include everything from desensitization to cognitive restructuring. Multimodal therapy is an
approach that addresses all modalities of a person's life in order to provide effective treatment. The
multimodal approach is structured around the idea that everything is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Other items not considered would be the person's genetic propensity to both addictive behaviors and
body type, how they may be affected mentally or emotionally by their change in appearance, and the
possible changes of environments that could be toxic to their success. If broad–spectrum behavioral
treatment and multimodal therapy were used, the entirety of the person's life would be assessed and
behavioral treatment options that fit each situation would be available. 2. Discuss the difference
between technical eclecticism and theoretical eclecticism. Technical eclecticism is when a clinician
has a theoretic framework from which they practice regularly, but at times will supplement with
other techniques that are derived from theories that do not necessarily fit within their practiced
framework. For example, a cognitive behavioral therapist may find that their client is not benefiting
from utilizing behavioral techniques and may decide to employ a psychoanalytic technique instead
(with consideration that resolving an underlying or unconscious issue may be advantageous before
employing something like desensitization). Theoretical eclecticism is different in that the clinician
utilizes or combines different schools of theory to create their own framework. Unlike technical
eclecticism, theoretical eclecticism does not focus on one theory as the basis of how to

Moribund Joseph David Schwab Summary
As per Joseph D Schwab the field of education has become "moribund". A lot of education practise
and research have been made available about the theory and the practical. The method of education
should be broadened from the term curriculum to expand beyond the walls of the classroom.
Agreeing with Joseph Schwab the thoughts are very comprehensive. He would like to bring several
parts of the educational field of study into an overall view, rather than limiting to a particular
speciality or theory or a body of research. The thoughts are very self–motivated and has reached
new forms, adapting the older ones. Arguing against him would not be feasible as the purpose
should be to prepare a curriculum which would be relevant for potential careers.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Eclectic Theory
Abstract This article is a short overview of the Eclectic theory or ideology of teaching English. A
discovery of where the origins of the philosophy were born, and why it evolved and stayed alive in
many fields of study to this day.. While many old school linguists see it as un principled and vague
without any structure, is does have strong concepts and principles about language acquisition and
learning environments, choices of activities and reasons for these varieties, A look at what
prominent linguists say about the advantages and the disadvantages of this theory.
Eclectic Theory Makes Sense
Over the last hundred years or more, numerous second language methods and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Then there are standards of achievement which make it inconceivable that any single method could
achieve optimum success in all learning environments. Alan Maley (1983) said: Teachers need to
offer a variety of activities, techniques, and tasks in teaching to give equal opportunities to students
with different styles of learning so all students' progress. Girard, (1972) said: "Rather than fish in
one linguistic stream, we should cast our pedagogical net in all waters that might bring us in a
profitable catch" (Dillon, J. M., and A. A. Long, 2004). It is a whole integrated approach, for
example, a listening activity with coordinated speaking or singing and supplementary features like
pronunciation and form of the language. In this regard "Canale and Swain rightly said about the four
dimensions of communicative competence, grammar competence, sociolinguistic competence,
discourse competence, and strategic competence" (Richard, 1986, p.71). It is hard to sum up
Eclectic theory in a few sentences. "It is not a scientific drill or methodology nor it a teaching tool or
a learning method for the learners. The causes for change in language teaching, and in 'new'
language teaching methods, lie, in this view, in the main with social, political or philosophical
factors"(Pennycook, A.1989). Critical pedagogy is, wary of progressivism concepts characteristic in
second language teaching. With the inception of applied linguistics, along with the concept of a
'scientific' kind of language teaching philosophies changed. This was seen prominently in the audio–
lingual methodology. "Proponents of the audio–lingual method (ALM) thought that they could
validate their teaching techniques by claiming that the method was based on scientific

Claude Debussy
Impressionism is a style of music that derived in the late 19th century thanks to French composer
Claude Debussy. It was almost analogous to the impressionist art at the time, which was supposed to
leave an "impression" on the audience, having meaning but never a clear one. The use of "color", or
timbre in the case of music, was heavily used to create the atmosphere of the pieces, achieved by
orchestration and texture. This style was seen as a response to Romanticism, getting rid of the
forward direction of standard harmonic progression, resulting in an obscure tonality and harmony.
The father of this style, Claude Debussy, was born in Saint–Germain–en–Laye, France on August
22, 1862, and having died in Paris on March 25, 1918. "Clair de Lune" ... Show more content on
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For instance, textural reference to the sky or light might be expressed by a rising melodic line.
Symbolism was often found in Claude Debussy's work. Prélude à l'après–midi d'un faune or Prelude
to the Afternoon of a Faun, is an orchestral symphonic poem, based on the poem poem L'après–midi
d'un faune by Stéphane Mallarmé that was composed in 1894 by Debussy. Debussy used layered
orchestration and a free form texture to evoke the feeling of the original poem. Postmodernism in
music often follows characteristics that also adhere to other areas of postmodernism, like embracing
the absence of a single defining structure or ideology. It is not seen as a specific style of music but
rather music in the postmodern era. American composer John Milton Cage Jr, born on September 5,
1912 in Los Angeles and having died on August 12, 1992 in New York. Music for Piano, composed
through the years 1952–1962, consists of 85 indeterminate compositions for piano. The works
contained paper imperfections that were then turned into sounds using chance

Essay Classroom Observation Report
When thinking about the nature of students, I think about how the students behave. I believe that the
behavior of students as a group reflects eclecticism meaning that every child behaves differently
although every behavior can be integrated. While doing my observation in a second grade
classroom, I have met students that are extremely social and active as well as students who are
rather quiet and reserved. Usually when an extremely social child is seated with a quiet child, the
quiet child will not say much so the extremely social child will not have anyone to talk to.
Sometimes though when the extremely social and active child lines up near the quiet children the
noise will start. There will either be a lot of talking or an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
An example of this is that the teacher teaches the students to be honest. She allows the students to
check their own work in class with a red pencil marking the ones that they answered correctly with a
check mark and marking the answers they answered incorrectly with an X. She later looks through
the papers to make sure that the students are being honest. One day when I went through the papers,
I found that all of the students were honest. When I become a teacher I am going to make sure that
the students are honest and that they treat each other with respect. I will encourage the students to
strive towards moral excellence. Although I agree mainly with absolutism, I can also see the side of
relativism. If you lie to protect someone from danger it can be morally acceptable to lie. This can be
thought of as the Socratic method, meaning that in some situations you have to rethink your ideas, to
come to a more clear idea of a philosophical idea of what is right or wrong according to the
situation. Really, there is no correct nature of knowledge.
The overall purpose of education is to enrich the lives of our youth so that they can one day be
productive citizens in our society. The way I see today's youth is that they are what the world's
future depends on. Children need a good education from the primary years so they will be able to
maintain good academic knowledge

Explain How The Romans And Made Up Their Value System
There are three qualities that shaped the world view of the Romans and made up their value system.
These beliefs included: Imperialism, Eclecticism, Practicality. These ideals help in explaining how
the Romans were viewed by the world. Imperialism is the belief that it is acceptable for someone or
a group of someones to enforce their culture and its values on other people, even it if means to do so
by force. This particular belief became the significant value of the Romans, who believed that they
were superior people. Under the idea of imperialism the Romass increased their size by seizing other
countries and forced them to submit to their rule. The Romans were known for conquering their
conquest. The Arch is a product of imperialism.

The Romans Were Influential People Essay
Learning Activity 2 The Romans were influential people. They were once, the power head of the
world. Their value system included the belief in eclecticism, practicality, and imperialism. This
evidence that the Romans made their worldview known throughout the world, including these three
key values. First, Merriam–Webster dictionary, defines eclectic as selecting what appears to be best
in various doctrines, methods, or styles. It also composed of elements drawn from various sources;
also heterogenous. This is a good definition to the Romans. They sought out what was best in all
areas of life. The Romans were eclectic in Philosophy, in their art, and their methods of living life.
Which also defines the meaning of eclecticism. Eclecticism is also known to be the first recorded to
have been practiced by a group of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers who attached themselves
to no real system but selected from existing philosophical beliefs those doctrines that seemed most
reasonable to them. Out of this collected material they constructed their new system of philosophy.
The term comes from the Greek ἐκλεκτικός (eklektikos), literally "choosing the best, and that from
ἐκλεκτός (eklektos), picked out, select.Well–known eclectics in Greek philosophy were the Stoics
Panaetius and Posidonius, and the New Academics Carneades and Philo of Larissa. Among the
Romans, Cicero was thoroughly eclectic, as he united the Peripatetic, Stoic, and New Academic
doctrines. Learning

Social Work Practice Using Casw Guidelines
Social work practice in Canada is guided by the Canadian Association of Social Workers ' (CASW)
Code of Ethics. This Code of Ethics contains six core values and principles: respect for the inherent
dignity and worth of persons, pursuit of social justice, service to humanity, integrity of professional
practice, confidentiality, and competence (Canadian Association of Social Workers [CASW], 2005).
Social workers who utilize both narrative and solution–focused therapies should fully understand the
strengths and limitations of these theories in their professional practice using CASW guidelines.
Additionally, social workers should examine if these single approaches are sufficiently
comprehensive to address all of a client 's problems, or if a more flexible, adaptable approach of
eclecticism is more suited (Coady & Lehmann, 2008). Gender Narrative therapy acknowledges that
an individual 's narrative is shaped by power/knowledge, social norms, gender, family,
socioeconomic status, religion, values, etc. (Buckman et al., 2008). While, narrative therapy
examines the social construction of individual narratives and the impact of larger meta–narratives,
there is still room to explore gender further. Lee (1997) explains that narrative therapy does not trace
gendering in any specific way. She proposes a revised feminist narrative approach that, "...pays
attention to gendered meta–narratives and specifically analyzes the social construction and
interpersonal co–constructions of

Personal Theory of Counseling Essay
Personal Theory of Counseling
Meaghan O'Reilly
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories
COUN–6722–35
Dr. Bob
Today, the majority of counselors and therapists operate from an integrative standpoint; that is, they
are open to "various ways of integrating diverse theories and techniques" (Corey, 2009b, p. 449). In
fact, a survey in Psychotherapy Networker (2007) found that over 95% of respondents proclaimed to
practice an integrative approach (cited in Corey, 2009b, p. 449). Corey (2009a; 2009b) explains that
no one theory is comprehensive enough to attend to all aspects of the human – thought, feeling, and
behavior. Therefore, in order to work with clients on all three of these levels, which Corey (2009b)
asserts is necessary for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, people, including mental health professionals, possess a range of qualities. No one is just
warm and accepting or just confrontational. We all possess these qualities to a certain degree.
Therefore, to be genuine with our clients it is necessary for us to display these different parts of our
personalities at different times. Second, although a client may come to counseling broken and
hopeless and require a supportive, accepting, and warm counselor, if this relationship continues the
client may never be pushed to make any real change. After the development of a strong working
alliance between the therapist and counselor, it may (or may not) be necessary for the counselor to
challenge or confront the client in some way to provoke change. It depends on the person. I agree
with Lazarus completely when he says that a skilled mental health professional will know when to
be warm or tough, when to confront a client or not, and when directive or non–directive (p. 458–
459). Clients, because they each have their own unique identity that has been influenced by more
factors than one can count or even identify, will respond differently to different relational styles,
techniques, and treatments and this may change throughout the counseling process. In my opinion, it
is the counselor's job to know which approach or technique should be used to be the most effective
with a particular client. Although I ascribe to the idea

The Language Acquisition And Learning Concepts That I Have...
The three language acquisition and learning concepts that I have learned in this class that will most
influence my teaching are the importance of paying attention to the difficulty level of the input, the
importance of carefully monitoring the emotional tone of the classroom because of the affective
filter, and an intentional focus on either fluency or accuracy. Steven Krashen claimed that the
material students learned must be at i+1 meaning that it was just above their current level but not so
hard that it was demoralizing. I think this is an incredibly important thing for me to remember
because I have a tendency to be a bit impatient. Keeping i+1 in the forefront of my mind during
teaching and lesson planning will give me greater motivation for keeping the pace reasonable and
engaging for my students. I do not want to get overexcited and assign homework or teach a lesson
that is much too difficult for my students, especially since I would most likely be teaching low level
beginners.
Once the difficult level is too high students will get frustrated or lose confidence in their ability to
acquire a second language. This also contributes to the importance of carefully monitoring the
emotional tone of the classroom. I know from my own experience that as a student that when I am
feeling overly bored, sad, or frustrated I cannot really focus on the material or store it in my long
term memory. Steven Krashin argues that an affective filter can inhibit a student from acquiring

Application For Teaching And Nutrition Essay
I am applying for programmes relating to teaching and nutrition because I see positively my career
in the education sector. I would like to become a qualified English language teacher. I believe that I
am able to explain not only grammar rules to children and adults but also to communicate with them
paying an attention to their individual needs. During my high school years, I supported my school
fellows in learning English language. I affords me a great pleasure to educate people. Through
undergraduate course, the diet and nutrition – related, I have been gaining experience and
knowledge on educating individuals about healthy and rational diet. I suppose that my first degree
and the Master degree in English teaching have a common denominator. The good teachers should
analyse their pupils' or students' individual needs. Similarly, the health promoters compile balanced
diets to their clients according to their specific requirements. I wish to develop my knowledge and
career further t the Leeds Beckett University because I am convenient that this higher education
provider recruits innovative and dedicated teachers. I was glad to acknowledge from the university
prospectus that highly qualified team develop innovative materials. I would be glad to embark on
this course and take 'route two' of the programme. I am the non – native speaker who is interested in
developing the techniques and approaches to teach both the language systems and skills. I am

Art Deco Deco: The Basic Elements Of Art Deco
Art Deco Interior Design
There is something special about art deco interior design. It just does not seem to want to be defined.
The unpredictable collision of completely distinct elements is what encapsulates the marvels of
eclecticism. The earth is filled with strange varieties of flora and fauna, vast deserts and diverse
rainforests as well as bucolic surroundings and urban landscapes yet its life is sustained and its
growth is unceasing. Every little thing in this planet coincides with each other resulting to a
magnificent spectacle of natural beauty hence, the earth can be considered as one of the
quintessential representations of the success of diversified combinations, the symbol of the
marvelous eclectic. Just as a branch of a tree is part of the whole, a home is a silk thread in the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is only in this unique style of decorating that one can see the juxtaposition of a multitude of design
elements coming from the fascinating Egyptian and Assyrian period, classical features of Greek and
Roman arts and architecture, and the opulent design flavors of Africa and Mexico. It is truly a grand
phenomenon how these elements came together and collided magnificently. Extremely singular
motifs such as geometric and subtle curvilinear forms and shapes were utilized in interior and
furniture design. The repeated chevron patterns on the flooring materials, as well as the Egyptian
fretworks in decorative interior screens and wallpapers spell Art Deco in its most visible appearance.
Sunbursts, ziggurat, trapezoids and other polygonal shapes are just some of the various motifs
incorporated in interior furnishings and accessories in the house. The gates, doors and windows that
were designed when this style was popular tended to be intricately detailed with a repetition of these
motifs as well as diamonds, curves, overlapping fans and arch shapes. They were made from glass
and wrought iron framed in

Culley And Bond's Integrative Skills Model In Counselling
Kidd's additional stage to the model is one of exploration with the purpose of finding out more about
the client in further detail. This approach can result in a more informed interaction with scope for a
client action plan of greater relevance and personalisation. It allows for the counselling element of
the model to be incorporated, paying particular attention to the quality of the relationship between
client and practitioner in a person–centred approach. The extra stage in this model, arguably, states
to:
'....place rather more emphasis on the early tasks of clarifying clients' needs and identifying best how
to proceed.' (Kidd, 2006, P.89)
Culley and Bond's Integrative Skills Model is another example of a counselling approach. This is
important primarily due to the fact that the person–centred approach was developed in counselling.
The focus is on developing skills and using them effectively. Subsequently, we may become
competent in an 'unconcious' way in applying these skills in a counselling approach to guidance.
This is a 3–stage model with a beginning, middle and end. As with Egan's model, Culley and Bond
aim to bring structure to an activity which could be seen as' random or chaotic'. When talking about
the exploratative aspect of the model, Culley and Bond (2004) suggest:
'....exploration may be essential in order to create a basis for offering further help, for example by
using other strategies such as goal setting or action planning.'
The act of exploring itself

Cognitive Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay
Since the beginning of psychotherapy as a discipline and theoretical body of knowledge, there has
been many different psychotherapies developed and practiced. Some psychotherapies share
similarities and, at times, use the same mechanisms of change (e.g., cognitive therapy and cognitive
behavioral therapy) while other psychotherapies are fundamentally distinct from each other (e.g.,
psychoanalysis and acceptance and commitment therapy). The integration of the mechanisms and
theoretical basses of two or more psychotherapies has been sought out as a means to create methods
of psychotherapy that are increasingly effective and useful for practitioners. Integrating aspects of
different psychotherapies has been attempted in four ways; by using assimilative integration,
technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, and common factors (CF).
Assimilative integration is a popular method of practice that relies on the practitioner having one
dominant theoretical grounding and using methods from other psychotherapies when they are seen
to be useful in therapy. In other words, the therapist dominantly practices one theoretical orientation,
which he or she uses for the fundamental cause of pathology and most therapeutic techniques, while
using techniques from other theoretical orientations when they would benefit particular patients or
be suitable in certain situations. An example of the assimilative integration approach is when a
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) practitioner decides

Key Psychotherapy Integration Approaches To Psychotherapy
Key psychotherapy integration assumptions about common factors and other approaches to
psychotherapy integration including a multicultural perspective were explored through the lenses of
Yalom (2012), Laska, Gurman, & Wampold (2014), Laska & Wampold (2014). There are five types
of psychotherapy integration, the common factors approach, theoretical, assimilative, systematic
eclecticism, and the unified approach. Each type of psychotherapy has its own uniqueness and hold
value in the sense of providing positive outcomes for clients in psychotherapy. One approach is the
common factors approach. The common factors approach (CF) conceptualizes psychotherapy as a
socially constructed and mediated healing practice (Frank & Frank, 1993). The focus of the CF
approach is improving practice outcomes and therapist competence (Laska, Gurman, & Wampold,
2014a). A second type of psychotherapy integration is the cyclical psychodynamic therapy.
Theoretical Perspective
Paul Wachtel, a therapist who uses theoretical perspective, created the cyclical psychodynamic
therapy (Wachtel, 2014). The cyclical therapy incorporates the psychodynamic and cognitive
behavioral therapy schools of thought. This type of psychotherapy integration focuses on the
personality patterns that may have originated in childhood but that persist because they often
generate the very feedback from others that is necessary to keep them going (Wachtel, 2014).
Although the theory is rooted in the relational

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Assimilative Integration
Technical eclecticism has the potential to describe detailed changes within the therapy. The changes
throughout the process will match the appropriate intervention that helped the client change. With
more than one approach, therapists are more likely to get the full understanding of what happen with
the client and if the issue being resolves. But, the cons of the factor go back to misjudging/
misdiagnosing the patient from another patient with the same symptoms in the pass (Lampropoulos,
2000). Lampropoulos (2001) address some advantages and disadvantages of assimilative
integration. The main advantage allow therapist to practice within their own belief without losing
the benefits of the effective techniques in other approaches. Therapist can rearrange their techniques
to eliminate frustration and provide the effectiveness techniques to resolve the issue. Also, the
continuation of guided practice and research will provide the therapist with the proper knowledge to
work with diverse clients. An disadvantage is increasing the number of psychotherapies that would
bring more confusion and therapist with unfamiliar knowledge of the appropriate issue
(Lampropoulos, 2001). With the theoretical integration, there is more than one approach to use in a
given situation. A disadvantage is focusing on one specific disorder than doesn't correspond with
another approach. Being able to use more than one approach within a disorder provides a better
understanding of the situation

US Constitution Analysis
Within the U.S. Constitutions 229 years of existence, written on September 17th of 1787, the
Constitution was built on the interpreted principles of time and was based on the relevancy of an
important document that provides laws that can be changed or laws that can be added to it (National
Archives, n.d.).
According to research, the founding fathers believed that our government would continue to grow
and prosper to the ever changing needs of society, and in order to build a country that was going to
continue to grow, the design of it had to be stable and flexible. Due to the Constitution being
flexible, each state can have different laws based upon the needs of that state. In order to provide
flexibility the written Constitution was brought forth to provide the people with a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would be called the Amendment process. According to research the first 10 Amendments of the
Constitution known as the Bill of Rights provide each of us with rights as citizens of this very
country. This would include freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom
to assemble and rally, freedom to petition against a government ruling, the right to bear arms, the
right to be judged by a jury etc. (Dorn, 2014). Due to the rights of people, the development of the
Constitution has been beneficial in ending disputes within different states or individuals with
conflicts. Within the Amendment process of the Constitution is the Elastic cause. In Section 8 of the
Constitution it states, "Congress has the power to make all Laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or a Department or Officer thereof" (National
Archives, n.d.). The founders of the Constitution intended for the Amendments, especially the 10th
Amendment to be flexible in its

Postmodernism : A Consensus On Postmodernism
Of Precise Ambiguity
A Consensus on Postmodernism
C. Jencks, H. Klotz & W. Curtis
Postmodernism is a universal movement, present in every art and discipline. In architecture,
postmodernism is precise as well as ambiguous thereby in need of an explorative pursuit for a
consensus of what is meant by the movement in this perspective – between the works of Charles
Jencks, a primary theorist of this architectural turn; Heinrich Klotz, a leading architectural critic; and
William Curtis, an architectural historian. The progression of this paper is highly influenced with
Jencks' studies as his works are often times referenced as well by both Klotz and Curtis in their
individual interpretations and further accompanied with either supporting statements or
contradictions. Charles Jencks suggests the concept of double coding in several aspects. Primarily,
that architects become public–oriented rather than peer–oriented; to design structures that appeal to
both these constituencies and beyond the architectural world. The concept of double coding
prompted a new approach to architecture to accommodate these distinct needs – an approach that
was a form of eclecticism of both old and new styles that now dominate the present world. On his
book on Modern Architecture, Curtis writes that modern architecture was faulted for it's "supposed
lack of 'recognizable imagery'" towards the end of the 1970s. This statement supports the idea of
Jencks' double coding where architects must now make

Kevin Mourby Singing Saw Analysis
If there is one thing about Kevin Morby's latest LP, City Music, that immediately leaps out, it's the
sense of playfulness. The album is not light and fluffy by any means, but there is this unflappable
feeling of spontaneity and glee that instantly hooks your attention. This is the fourth solo outing
from the Babies' frontman. Like his 2016 effort, Singing Saw, the album is a mixture of folk quiet
intensity and some rollicking good rock music. While it never becomes a great disc, it is one of the
more thoroughly and consistently pleasant and enjoyable releases of the year. As mentioned
previously, the eclecticism of his music is inarguably Kevin's greatest success. Over forty–eight
minutes, the man dips his toes into bitter country music, spoken word poetry, fuzz driven indie, and
even an excursion into Lorde–like minimalism. Each of these songs has their own identity. "1234" is
the unashamed four to the floor throwback to garage rock from days of yore. It's noisy and messy
with these hypnotic looping vocal tics which culminate in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It moves in these strange, unpredictable patterns that are disorientating at first, but eventually fits
together like a beautiful mosaic. Every street you head down, there's a different story, a different
world, and a different mind. That mood is reflected in the tracks themselves. It's no surprise that the
centerpiece of the album, the seven–minute titular mini–epic. The piece is preceded by this little
nugget of a spoken narrative. The tales deals with a young boy's inability to recognize the cityscape.
It's a tiny trifle of an idea, but it's one that contextualizes the title track. "City Music" is a real treat.
It begins with this slow, minimalist beat that builds and builds to these hyperkinetic guitar solos and
a multitude of additional instruments colliding. It attempts to encapsulate the magic of a city's
culture as well as its homogeneity and it succeeds in its

How Did Queen Elizabeth I Changed Society
Queen Elizabeth I was not all that she is today. She was hated, mistreated, and discarded. She was
abandoned,imprisoned, and excommunicated. She went through many trials, until she was crowned
Queen of England. Queen Elizabeth I had changed England forever. She did unexplainable things,
and the hardest trials. She carried England on her shoulders, and carried it through the storm. She
helped England grow, and prosper. By doing this, she is not the unloved little girl that she once was,
she is now a hero, and someone people look up to. Queen Elizabeth I went from being treated
horribly to bringing England to its Golden Age, and she changed the face of history for her country.
King Henry VIII wanted a son, that is all that he wanted. And ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She was taught by famous teachers, two of them being William Grindal and Roger Ascham. She was
very smart and gifted. By her adulthood, Elizabeth could speak five languages fluently. As a young
child, while King Henry VIII was still alive, she was not threat to the throne. She was safe from any
political harm. After her mother was executed, her and her sister Mary were declared illegitimate.
Before King Henry VIII died, he had remarried and had a son, named Edward. Edward was next in
line for the throne. So after King Henry VIII died, Edward took his spot, at age nine. Now that King
Edward VI was king, Elizabeth and her sister Mary were in danger. King Edward VI was only nine
years–old, so Edward Seymour became the Protector of England. Seymour's brother Thomas
Seymour was jealous of him, and he tried to take his place as the Protector of England. Thomas tried
to kidnap King Edward VI, but was caught in the act. He was to be put to death, but he talked about
how he wanted to marry Elizabeth. This made everyone think that Elizabeth was in on this plan,
because she wanted the throne for herself. They interrogated her, and she convinced everyone that
she new nothing of the act, and they let her

Integrated Approach For Counseling And Counseling
Integrated approach to counseling is when you combined theories to cover the clients' feelings,
cognitive patterns, and behavior (Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e,
2009). Each theory focuses one of these key components of a client but in counseling you need to
focus on each of these to fully help a client. The key to integrative counseling is to have multiple
theories function in harmony (Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e,
2009). Psychotherapy has four integration approaches; technical eclecticism, theoretical integration,
common factors approach, and assimilative integration. Psychotherapy integration is different than
eclectic; which is when therapist use theories because it works and uses no other reasoning when
grabbing from multiple theories (Stricker, An Introduction to Psychotherapy Integration, 2001).
Psychotherapy integration goes past the single theory approach to examine what can be learned and
combined with other theories (Stricker, Psychotherapy Integration, 2010). Technical eclecticism is
when a counselor uses their previous knowledge of a theory and experience combined with research
to use interventions on a client; this approach is thought of to be very close to eclectic practice
(Stricker, Psychotherapy Integration ). Technical eclecticism pull ideas from theories but do not
necessarily subscribe to the original positions of the theory (Corey, Theory and Practice of
Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e,

A Counsellor's Eclectic Approach
As mentioned previously, a counsellor taking an eclectic approach will look for, and select the best
interventions within particular therapies (O'Brien & Houston, 2003). ££££££ argue that such
counsellor will rely rather heavily on their past experience and therefore, from knowing what has
helped a client in the past will almost habitually will choose a similar approach for another client
with what they perceive to be a similar problem. However, Morrissey (2016) argues that such
approach is not an aspect to look negatively upon as, such eclecticism focuses entirely upon the
wellbeing of the client, which should outweigh any commitment to an entire theory within
counselling. Snyder & Balderrama–Durbin (2012) suggest that the integrative approach

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