Terrorism And Political Violence By Alex Schmid

Terrorism and Political Violence by Alex Schmid
Terrorism can be defined and viewed in many different ways. As discussed in "Terrorism and
Political Violence," by Alex Schmid, there are multiple frameworks in which terrorism can be
defined (Schmid 2010, 197). In Schmid's article, he discusses the five ways he feels terrorism can be
looked at, terrorism as/and politics, terrorism as/and crime, terrorism as/and warfare, terrorism
as/and communication and terrorism as/and religious fundamentalism (Schmid 2010, 197). This is
interesting because it explores the concept of terrorism in different lenses, where each has its own
motives, its own background and its own participants. This is important to understand because not
every act of terrorism is done in the same light and for the same purposes. Just as any other crime,
there are reasons behind the act. When studying terrorism, understanding motives makes all the
difference, and understanding what is at stake for the attacker or the attacked helps fully
conceptualize the matter. As defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, acts of terrorism can
fit into one of two ways, domestic terrorism and international terrorism (FBI.gov). Although, there
are two types, overall the FBI defines terrorism in general as a violent act intended to manipulate the
civilian body, the government, and/or to involve putting people in danger on a federal or state level
(FBI.gov). Meaning that someone (organization, government, institution, etc.) violently attacks
someone else (government,
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The Crime Of The Criminal Justice System
Crime has been present ever since laws started being imposed; the only thing that seems to change is
the type of crimes being committed. With the evolution of crimes comes the evolution of the
Criminal Justice System. Crimes come from within the country being committed by citizens of this
country but also from foreigners, such as illegal immigration, identity theft, and or terrorism. The
FBI , Federal Bureau of Investigation, leads the country in its defense against all of these foreign
attacks.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is our lead investigative department for our country; they
protect our ountry as a whole while police departments lead the defense for our cities specifically.
This department investigates severe crimes against people and our country. There are like the special
forces sector of policing . The crimes that the FBI investigates are more elaborate and suffisticated
which means they also have to stay ahead of everything with special forms of technology and
investigative tools. The officers of this department are expert investigators with all of these tools at
hand. (Sleeper, 2004).
One of the main things that these FBI agents look for are money trails. When an FBI agent finds the
money provider they can further understand and put their finger on those who are committing these
crimes. FBI agents collect information and analyze it for clues in order to be sure that the people
they are pursuing are those guilty of the crime. The problem with getting to

The Role That Electronic Tagging
This essay seeks to evaluate the role that electronic tagging can play in crime prevention, both in
terms of it's potential to reduce crime, and it's implications for rights and liberties. Firstly this essay
will give a brief history of how electronic tagging was implemented, it's application and for what
purposes it is used. It will discuss whether it has been a useful contribution as a method of
situational crime prevention; by means of a deterrence, lower re–offending rates, increased public
safety, cost affective, the use of multi disciplinary agencies, and how well this method has been
implemented, managed and controlled. Or, whether it has had an adverse effect on society, by failing
to reduce crime, and wasting public funds. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In England and Wales, during the 1980's "tracking" and "electronic monitoring" became the
forefront of policy maker's agenda to tackle young, "low risk" offenders released from prison, or as
an alternative community order for those who potentially may have been subject to a custodial
sentence. Electronic monitoring can be defined as "a system of home confinement aimed at
monitoring and controlling and modifying the behaviour of defendants or offenders" (Prisoners
Reform Trust, 1997, as cited in Ardley, 2005), and was introduced by the Criminal Justice Act, 1991
(HMI Probation, 2012). Electronic monitoring was founded upon the notion of "tracking" offenders
movements, then expanded to include curfew tagging, which involves confining offenders to their
homes, (Nellis, 2004) and came into practice in the U.K in 1995 (Ardley, 2005). Foremost,
electronic monitoring was developed with the goal that it would provide a more cost effective
solution to custodial sentences, thus reducing the prison population, with no added risk to the public.
To diminish the risk of "learnt criminal behaviour through communication" through offenders
mixing with other offenders in custody, as identified by Sutherland's Differential Association Theory
(Newburn, 2009), and attempting to reduce stigma and disruption to family life (Ardley, 2005).
Electronic monitoring relies on the notion that surveillance and control in the communities would
restrict an offender's power and opportunity

Airline and Virgin Atlantic Airways
1. Compare and contrast Virgin Atlantic Airway 's strategic development with any other (non–virgin)
airline. According to (1980), firms are under great pressure to have modern plans to be competitive
and should have adequate capability to achieve their target market share. Virgin Atlantic Airways is
among the most successful business ventures of the Virgin empire owned by Richard Branson. Its
strategic development is rooted on the need to surpass competitors while balancing financial
resources, increased revenue and maximum productivity. As stated, Virgin Atlantic Airways is a cut–
price airline that based its success in serving the lucrative traveler segment of the North Atlantic
market by providing outstanding and novel customer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, the British Airways considered Virgin Atlantic Airways as its major competitor. Due to
the deregulation of the European Airline, many airlines have been able to cope with the changes and
make a strategic move of entering in this travel industry. One of the industries that open its market
to the airline industry is the British Airways (BA). British Airways is regarded as one of the UK's
largest international scheduled airline. It is known for being such because of the strategies imposed
by the management of the airline industry. One of the strategies utilized by British Airways is its
ability to efficiently promote its brand names all over the market place. This strategic promotion has
made the airline industry to continuously be known locally and internationally when it comes to
travel satisfaction and convenience. Another strategy that can be attributed to British Airways as a
whole is its ability to value their customers. Herein, the company has been able to follow other
airline industry to cut their service cost while providing excellent service to their target market.
Lastly, the ability to strategically align modern technology and it business strategy is the most
important strategy that can be attached to BA. British Airways has competently position its place to
be known in both cargo flights industries and passenger flight industries not only in the European
community but also

NSA and DHS Surveillance Programs Essay
Ever since the invention of the telephone and telegraph, the concept of wiretapping has been a
concern. As early as the 1860's, statutes were in place in some states prohibiting listening in on
telegraph communication. As the turn of the century neared, along came the telephone, and with it,
came wiretapping. From the onset, it has been illegal in the United States for an unauthorized person
to listen in on a private phone conversation. It is even illegal to record your own phone conversation
if the person on the other end does not know it is being recorded (Harris, 2001).
According to Harris, historically, the law has not been as strict for the government. He states, "in
1928, the United States Supreme Court approved the practice of ... Show more content on
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In these early years of video surveillance, analog technology, using taped video cassette recordings,
allowed recorded data to be stored and kept as evidence (Wilkerson, 2005).
The seventies became an age where video surveillance was used for everything from law
enforcement and traffic control to divorce proceedings. England put up cameras in the Underground
train stations as well as to monitor highway traffic flow. By the 1980's, US businesses and banks
adopted the practice, as the value of surveillance quickly took off. In the 1990's, advancements grew
with the creation of digital multiplexing, permitting multiple cameras to do recordings at the same
time, as well as features like time–lapse and motion–only recording. These advancements
revolutionized the surveillance industry (Wilkerson, 2005).
As the computer revolution continued, digital video surveillance became faster, clearer and more
efficient. Months of surveillance could be compressed on hard drives, and images could be
manipulated to improve clarity. From 1997 on, police departments throughout the US installed video
surveillance cameras in public buildings, housing projects and began using mobile surveillance vans
at political rallies and other large gatherings under the auspices of the Technical Assistance
Response Unit (TARU). Even the invention of the "nanny cam" helped push the industry to develop
smaller higher

The Invasion Of Iraq By The United States Essay
Over the previous two decades, the number of countries acquiring a democratic regime has
increased dramatically. Democracy is a political regime allowing a system of government that is
based on the belief of freedom and equal justice. Power is held by elected representatives through
free and fair elections, resulting in a system that reflects the people's choices. Democratic countries
rarely, if ever, wage war on each other and tend to resolve disputes in a more peaceful manner rather
than declaring war on their opposition. However, they are not the utopias of peace that many people
envision democracies to be. The invasion of Iraq by the United States of America in 2003 stands as
a strong example where the impact of a forced regime change has resulted in unrest and violence.
IGO's like the UN promote democracy in a less invasive and obstructive way and are a lot more
successful. The invasion of Iraq clearly demonstrates the dangers of promoting democracy in an
undemocratic international system. The spread of democracy cannot be imposed by force as it is
discrediting the idea of freedom that the regime itself represents. Is democracy a reason for peace
just as much as it is a justification for war? I believe democracy does make the world a more
peaceful place, however, the forceful spread of democracy does not.
Immanuel Kant in "Perpetual Peace" 1765 originally brought up the idea that democratic countries
would be more peaceful than one with a monarchical governing

Australia’s Banking Industry
Australia's Banking Industry
Date: May 2011 Disclaimer This publication has been prepared as a general overview of the
Banking Industry in Australia and does not constitute and is not intended to constitute financial
product advice as defined under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cwth). Nothing in this document should
be construed as a recommendation or statement of opinion intended to influence a person in making
an investment decision. The information is made available on the strict understanding that the
Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is not providing professional advice. While all care has
been taken in the preparation of this publication, Austrade expressly denies liability for any loss or
damage of any nature (including but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Executive Summary
Australia has a strong, profitable, sophisticated and well regulated banking sector which is
welcoming of new entrants and increasingly engaged in regional and global markets.
The financial sector is the largest contributor to Australia's national output, around 11 per cent of
Australian output or A$135 billion of real gross value added in 2010.1 Australia ranked fifth
amongst the world's leading financial systems and capital markets in the 2010 World Economic
Forum Financial Development report. Total assets of Australia's banks, defined as Authorised
Deposittaking Institutions (ADIs)2, were A$2.7 trillion. Australia has four large domestic banks (the
"four pillars") that provide full service retail and commercial lending to the Australian economy;
Australia and New Zealand Bank (ANZ), Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA),

Intelligence Sharing And The Capabilities Of The Homeland...
Intelligence Sharing and the Capability of the Homeland Security Enterprise What are the
capabilities and limitations of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts? Since the deadly
terror attacks of 9/11, intelligence gathering for homeland security has improved immensely. One of
the most important developments in our law–enforcement structure that has enhanced our
intelligence is the creation of fusion centers. Fusion centers are "state and major urban area focal
points for the receipt, analysis, gathering, and sharing of threat–related information between federal;
state, local, tribal, territorial (SLTT); and private sector partners" (Department of Homeland
Security, 2016). These fusion centers are "owned and operated by state and local entities" and are
supported by federal partners in its many aspects which include personnel deployment, capacity
building, and important and crucial connectivity to federal systems (Bureau of Justice Assistance
(BJA), 2012, para. 3). For example, the DHS provides over 70 fusion centers access to the
Homeland Secure Data Network or HSDN which allows these fusion centers to receive federally
generated classified threat information. By creating fusion centers, intelligence gathering and
analysis is not contained in the federal level–governments from the SLTT level as well as other
entities relevant to this initiatives are involved. This then devolves and shares homeland security
roles to practically all law enforcers from all levels

Early Marriage
Early Marriage in South Asia
A DISCUSSION PAPER
Contents
INTRODUCTION 2
THE PREVALENCE OF EARLY MARRIAGE 3
CAUSES OF EARLY MARRIAGE 5
CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY MARRIAGE 8
RESPONSES TO EARLY MARRIAGE OF CHILDREN 16
Introduction
Early marriage affects millions of children through the world. It is widely practiced in the countries
of South Asia where every year millions of girls–preteens and teens– become the wives of older
men. Young girls are married when they are still children and as a result are denied fundamental
human rights. Early marriage compromises their development and often results in early pregnancy
and social isolation, with little education and poor vocational training ... Show more content on
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One problem in assessing the prevalence of early marriages is that many are unregistered and
unofficial and hence, are not a part of any data collection system. Very little data exists on marriages
of children under the age of 10, even less on those below that age[6].
Figure 2 Percentage of children married under 18 years[7]
| |Afghanistan |Bangladesh |Bhutan |India |Maldives |Nepal |Pakistan |
|Rural |53 | |40 | |44 |17 | |
|Urban |29 | |17 | |16 |8 | |
|Total |46 |14 |34 |17 |40 |13 |9 |

Some countries do have data. According to Bangladesh's demographic and health survey of 1996–
1997, there are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh, 13.7% of these are girls, and the survey
reported that more than half the girls below 19 were married and 5% of 10–14 year old girls were
married. Another survey of women 25–29 years old reported

History of the Philippine Agriculture
Philippine Agriculture over the Years: Performance, Policies and Pitfalls 1
Cielito F. Habito and Roehlano M. Briones 2
Introduction Although many still think of the Philippines as an agricultural economy, strictly
speaking, it is not. Agriculture, fishery and forestry directly account for just one–fifth (20 percent) of
the economy's aggregate domestic output (GDP). Ever since the 1960s, the direct share of
agriculture in the GDP had fallen below one–third, and by 1981, the sector's share had decreased to
only 23 percent. Growth from this level was rather anemic, averaging 1.7 percent per annum during
the period 1981–2003, compared to the average overall GDP growth of 2.6% over the same period.
While agriculture output was largely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last section identifies the pitfalls that have hampered investments in the sector and stifled
growth in the agribusiness industry, and ends with a general indication of the needed interventions to
overcome the sector's current hurdles.
Production and Productivity Trends Labor productivity. Up until the 1970s, the Philippines'
agricultural performance, in terms of both agricultural Gross Value Added (GVA) and agricultural
exports, compared well with its neighbors and other Asian countries (Figure 3a). But by the 1980s
and 1990s, the country had lagged behind most of the countries in the region (Figures 3b and 3c).
This came as agricultural output growth had slowed down dramatically through the decades (Figure
4). Moreover, the sector's growth had been rather erratic in the 1990s, especially with the periodic
occurrence of the El Niño phenomenon that had appreciable impact on weather patterns and,
consequently, agricultural performance. Table 1 shows the average annual growth in GVA of major
agricultural commodities since 1960. What is clear from the table is that growth rates of all
commodities, except for livestock and poultry, have been slowing down over time. Furthermore,
growth rates have been below the population growth rate, implying that production has not been
able to keep up with increasing population. Erratic and decelerating growth over the past two
decades is a major concern, as agriculture continues to employ a large

Technical Review : Extensible Business Reporting Language
This chapter provide the necessary definitions of terms used in the consecutive analysis and answers
the first two subquestions of the research: "What is XBRL and how does it work?" and "What is an
extension and when it is used by filers in XBRL submissions?"
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a programming language for the electronic
communication of business and financial data around the world (Weber, 2003). XBRL is based on
XML document (Extensible Markup Language). According to XML, the identification labels are
applied to data for better processing through the use of software (Debreceny et al, 2010).
2.2 XBRL historical review
The copyright of the XBRL standard belongs to an independent non–profit legal entity, "XBRL
International", incorporated in 2001 on the initiative of the professional body accountants in
America (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants – AICPA). The idea was born in 1998
by Charles Hoffman, who was looking for a better way to create, share and distribute financial
information. XBRL aims to improve business reporting and information exchange between entities.
XBRL introduction is "revolutionary", since the data are fully in digital format and thus can be
processed easier than PDF or HTML formats. The creators of XBRL support that this step is similar
to the change from the paper maps to digital maps (XBRL International 2015a). Currently a
representation of the XBRL International consortium exists in many countries and

Ot Analysis of Aviation Industry
CHEPTER 6: OT ANALYYSIS OF AVIATION INDUSTRY
The past year has been one of change for corporate travel and the airline industry, and nearly every
corporate travel program has been affected. For some, these effects have been positive; leading to
lower air travel prices, but for others the effect has been negative, resulting in travel restrictions and
budget cuts. Regardless, for many companies now is the time to start rebuilding travel programs
through negotiations or sourcing projects, with the intent of improving savings and reducing costs in
the years ahead.
India's airlines industry had a smooth take–off ever since the government initiated its open skies
policy a few years ago. After encountering some initial turbulence, it is now ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The number of women joining aviation sector is on the r ise. From one or two women in a batch of
100 students, the number has now increased to 10 or 12. Indian currently has 76 women pilots, and
the number is rising with ever y new batch. As per the statistics, forty of. Kingfisher, which has 26
women from a total of 390 pilots, also got its first woman captain just recently. Even though more
and more women are opting for this career, the shortage still continues. Due to this paucity of pilots,
airlines in India are largely dependent on expatriate pilots. The job opportunities include that of
flight dispatchers, cabin crew, airline managers, airport manager s, and ground handling personnel,
the industry would create 2,00,000 jobs by 2017.
4. HIGHER QUALITY
When airline industries has a good reputation in both international and domestic markets, quality
service and the age–old Goodwill that has still kept it alive in the interests of the rescue operators.
THREATS FOR AVIATION INDUSTRY:
A global economic downturn negatively affects leisure, optional travel, as well as business travel.
The price of fuel is now the greatest cost for many airlines. An upward spike can destabilize the
business model.
A plague or terrorist attack anywhere in the world can negatively affect air travel.
Government intervention can result in new costly rules or unexpected new international
competition.
One of the biggest threats to Indian airlines particularly in the

Social Work Ethics As Applied Ethics
Benkova. K., an author of the article Social Work Ethics as Applied Ethics, describes "ethics as a
systematic drive to understand our individual and social moral experience in such a way that enables
establishing rules which are to govern people's behavior, to define values which are worth sticking
to, and also to encourage such character traits in people which oneself is worth to develop"(Benkova
2009). Social workers are responsible for human physical and emotional well–being. In order to
help people, social workers have to make their decisions based on strong moral and ethical values.
As claims DuBois B. (2009) "Social Work is a values – based profession. Values reflect preferences
and inform choices" ( p.105). Warrick believes that the difference between moral dilemmas and
ethical ones is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong. In ethics, the choice is
between two rights ( Warrick,1991). I strongly agree with this saying. After reading a story about
Belinda Lima and her co–workers, I also asked myself a question– "would I make a report to federal
government about the client that opened up to me about his problems and relies on me?" I spent a
good amount of time thinking about all pros and cons of this situation. I was being to myself as
honest as I could, but I wasn't able to come up with a definite answer. On one side– there is a person
who trusts me, and despite all legal issues decided to speak to a social

Patriot Act Essays
Patriot Act
"We're dealing with terrorists who operate by highly sophisticated methods and technologies, some
of which were not even available when our existing laws were written. The bill before me accounts
for the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists. It will help law enforcement to
identify, dismantle, disrupt, and punish terrorists before they strike," (President George W. Bush at
signing of Patriot Act, 2001). The terrorists of today cannot be reasoned with. We must do whatever
necessary to ensure that there never will be another September 11th. Since the enactment of the
Patriot Act, there have not been any major acts of terrorism committed on U.S. soil. If the Act had
been established earlier, perhaps the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By establishing these bills, we will save this nation from another September 11th. If we fail to act
upon our threats, we will be no different from other oppressed nations. Chief Justice Robert Jackson
says, "The Constitution is not a suicide pact. Failing to take strong measures to defend our nation
against future attacks would amount to suicide. The U.S.A. Patriot Act is an important part of the
nation's efforts to fight back to defend freedom and liberty."
The ACLU has also influenced Congress to limit the sharing of information obtained through wire–
tapping. The Act has removed major barriers between communications of law enforcement,
intelligence and national defense communities from talking and coordinating their work, to
protecting the American people and national security. Senator John Edwards (D–NC) said about the
Patriot Act, "We cannot prevail in the battle against terrorism if the right hand of our government
has no idea what the left hand is doing." One example of the progress of this law was when a federal
grand jury just recently had indicted an individual in Florida, Sami al–Arian, for allegedly being the
U.S. leader of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, one of the world's most violent terrorist outfits.
Palestinian Islamic Jihad is responsible for the murder of over 100 innocent people including a
young American, Alisa Flatow, who was killed in a tragic bus bombing incident in the Gaza

Corporate Governance in Hong Kong
Corporate Governance in Hong Kong 1. Corporate Governance in Hong Kong Hong Kong's
position as an international economic and financial center is attributed to its exemplary corporate
governance. With Hong Kong's various authorities and regulatory bodies emphasizing on
transparency and accountability for listed companies, Hong Kong was ranked first for corporate
governance among 11 Asian countries in 2007. (Refer to Appendix 1) The Stock Exchange of Hong
Kong (SEHK) describes corporate governance as the "duties, functions and power of the board of
directors as a whole and executives and non–executive directors individually". These binding
responsibilities include the fulfillment of their legal obligations towards the ... Show more content
Hong Kong complies with The Companies Ordinance (Cap 32), originally derived from the United
Kingdom Companies Act 1948. This provides the basic regulatory infrastructure, addressing
corporate governance issues for all companies. The Committee on the Financial Aspects of
Corporate Governance was set up in May 1991 by the Financial Reporting Council and London
Stock Exchange to address the financial aspects of corporate governance in the United Kingdom. It
produced the Code of Best Practice in UK, which was adopted by SEHK in 1993. The Committee
also came up with the Cadbury Report in 1992, which provided a basis for Hong Kong to adopt
certain recommendations regarding the Board of Directors. For instance: A mixture of executive and
non–executive directors on board; seeking of separate professional advice by independent directors;
and regular board meetings. However, some recommendations of the Committee have not been
adopted by Hong Kong. For instance, large companies in Hong Kong are not required to separate
the roles of CEO and Chairman. This is hard to practise due to the family–dominated business
characteristic. 4.2 Asian Influence As prevalent in East Asian countries, most listed companies in
Hong Kong are family–controlled, resulting in minority shareholders being placed at a disadvantage.
To protect the interests of minority shareholders, SEHK implemented the

Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) in Bangladesh
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Abstract
The issue of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been receiving phenomenal attention from many
governments. Bangladesh is not lagging behind from it. Economic development for the developing
countries like Bangladesh is largely dependent on FDI. The major challenges for the host country
are to ensure an eye–catching and conducive investment climate to foreign investors for FDI inflow.
In recent years, Bangladesh has been devoting efforts for attracting FDI offering a lot of lucrative
incentives and benefits. Though attempts taken to increase FDI inflow, the result achieved is not ...
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In this context the aim of this paper was to find out the determinants, impediments, favorable
environment and potential of FDI for Bangladesh. Less developed infrastructure of Bangladesh is
vital problem for FDI inflows. The trend of foreign investors goes in infrastructural investment such
as electricity, fuel, air and sea communication.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Literature Review
2.1 Methodology
This paper is fully based on secondary information. Content Analysis Method, which is commonly
known as the review of the previous literature, has been followed in the preparation of this article.
Apart from that secondary information have been collected from the statistics Department of
Bangladesh Bank, Investment Handbook of Bangladesh Board of Investment, Bangladesh Economic
Review 2006 and Bangladesh Bank's Annual Report 2006. Some information has also been
collected from the daily newspapers and Internet sources. Used data has been presented through
tabular and graphical analysis.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Main Body
3.0 Determinent of Foreign Direct Investment

Arguments supporting FDI in developing countries suggest that recipient countries need to fulfill
some preconditions to create a favorable business environment. It has certain advantages to both the
host country and the investor. Host countries' macroeconomic policy, tax regime, regulatory
practices are critical determinants for attracting FDI.

Black Athlete
Legislating the Family: Heterosexist Bias in Social Welfare Policy Frameworks Amy Lind
University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of
heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
(LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal
definitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor
LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a
result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family ... Show more content
Jones observe (2002: 15). In these ways, institutionalized heterosexuality is central to some of the
key motivation(s) behind and design of public policy frameworks in the United States. By
"institutionalized heterosexuality" I am referring to the set of ideas, institutions and relationships
that make the heterosexual family the societal norm, while rendering homosexual/queer families
"abnormal" or "deviant" (Ingraham 1999). My queer analysis of social welfare involves examining
how sexuality and gender can be rethought and reorganized in economic and social policy
frameworks, theories and practices. Throughout the article I examine how heterosexuality is
assumed to be the natural basis for defining the family, and by extension, society, both explicitly (by
excluding LGBT people from the analysis and by stigmatizing certain individuals as "non–family"
or "anti–family") and implicitly (by assuming that all people are heterosexual, that marriage is a
given and exists only between a traditionally–defined man and woman, and that all people fit more
or less into traditional gender roles; see Foucault 1978; Fraser and Gordon 1994; Ingraham 1999;
Phelan 2001;

Why Banks Sometimes Seek to Merge other Banks or Financial...
Explain why banks sometimes seek to merge with with
Explain why banks sometimes seek to merge with with or acquire other banks or financial
institutions.
Great changes have been experiences in banking industry for the past decades. The most apparent
alter is a mass of bank mergers, which have expanded both the average size of banks and their
territories. Other dramatic changes including the development of Internet banking and the
combination of banking with other financial services, for example, insurance and securities
underwriting are also encountered.
(Number of banks declining despite overall growth in the banking sector.) Consolidation in banking
is distinct from "convergence."
Consolidation refers to mergers and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the return on average assets in 2003 for the two merger targets, Bank One and Fleet
Boston, were 1.27% and 1.34%, respectively, while the top 50 bank holding companies averaged
1.28%. This indicates that the recent mega mergers are not motivated by economic weakness but
rather by other economic forces. Major changes in the banking system
One significant phenomenon in the nation's banking system is consolidation. The pace of mergers
had been expedited in the 1990s.
Some of these mergers made full use of new laws permitting banks to spread within and across state
lines. Other mergers were pursued to reduce costs, even though parts to be proven in vain. Merger
activity has decreased in recent days, and some specialists anticipate this is just a momentary pause.
Even if merger activity is unable to climb up to its previous levels, mergers have influenced banking
to some extent. One important effect of the recent merger wave has been an increase in the role of
large banking organizations. The biggest change here has involved the so–called mega banks–banks
with more than $100 billion of assets. Such banks are much less important in rural markets than
urban markets, but their share of rural deposits still increased considerably during the 1990s–from
only 1.7% in mid–1990 to 8.2% in mid–2000. The rural deposit share of regional and super–regional
banks ($10 to $100

Strengthening The Homeland Security Enterprise Through...
Strengthening the Homeland Security Enterprise through Intelligence Reform and Integration Kevin
Weston
HM598: Applied Research Project Capstone
Professor: Mary Lannon
15 June 2015
Abstract
On September 11, 2001 Al Qaeda operatives executed a violent and lethal terrorist attack against the
United States. The attacks against the north and south towers of the World Trade Center, United
Airlines flight 93, and the Pentagon, have collectively been deemed the deadliest terrorist attack to
take place on American soil in the history of the United States. The appalling attacks against New
York City and the nation's capital triggered an immediate assessment of the intelligence community,
existing anti–terrorism policies and methodologies, and the overall structure of the United States
intelligence community. More specifically, the federal government began to assess its existing
capabilities to ensure domestic homeland security and enhance the security posture of the United
States. An array of after–action reports indicated that communication and collaboration between
varying government agencies was limited and very difficult to navigate. More specifically,
intelligence agencies were extremely restricted and compartmentalized and as a result of such
lapses, Al Qaeda was successful in their attack planning and execution. Although there has been a
recognizable improvement in communication throughout the intelligence community, the United
States must evolve and

Technology And The Criminal Justice System
Within the last ten years, there have been significant advancements in technology which has in turn
changed and increased the type of crimes in today's society. With the new technology, the criminals
are ready to exploit it. So therefore, the future direction of crime fighting and its role in social policy
implication are geared toward the advancements of technology. For criminal justice system to
intervene, deter, or prevent crimes, they must be equipped with the latest technologies.
Advancements to technology within the criminal justice system have a significant effect on the
courts, making policies, and the correction facilities. These technologies have provided the police
officers and other law enforcement officers with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on Dauphin County First Assistant District Attorney Fran Chardo, "We become a very
electronic–oriented society." (Marc Goodman). With this increase usage of electronic, we see a new
set of criminals and crimes. With the cellular telephone, criminals use it, not only to communicate
with one another, but also to target people and as a triggering device. For example, if the criminals
are searching for someone they can text each other with the description of a person and then upon
verification proceed with an order, possible death. With this same cellular telephone technology, law
enforcement can use someone's cellular telephone to track their movements or identify their location
to help with investigations. The new set of crimes is cybercrimes. A cybercrime is any crime that
involves the use of computer or the manipulation of digital data. Zackary J. Miller, section Chief of
the FBI's Cyber Criminal Division stated, "I think there is a growing cybercrime problem that we are
continuing to chase a bit behind the curve... bank robbery and fraud are all facilitated by the
internet." (Bernice Young, 2011). There are five types of computer crimes: (1). internal computer
crimes, such as viruses; (2). internet and telecommunication, which is hacking; (3). criminal
enterprises, databases supporting drug distribution; (4). computer manipulation, embezzlement; and
(5). hardware, software, and information theft. (Schmalleger,

Cyber Incident Response Plan For Cyber Attack
1 What are the procedures incase of an attack. We should write a well–developed cyber incident
response plan that includes all the protocols to responses. Our plan should generally have these
following components, such as response team, reporting, initial response, investigation, recovery
and follow up, public relations, and law enforcement. The job of the response team is to develop
cyber incident response plan and for investing and responding to cyber attack. They will identify
and classify cyber attack sceneries, and figuring out what tools and technology will be used to detect
the attack. Determined the scope of the attack and internal investigation. Lastly, address the data
breach and conduct follow reviews. Second, The cyber incident response plan should address
procedures to take on discovery and reporting of cyber attack incidents. For example, set up team to
monitor industry practices, checking if all the system are updated and patched. Non–stop monitoring
the system activity and computers logs to see any incidents, than recorded it in a track log for later
use. Third, if there was a report of a cyber attack, the response team should start their investigation
whether the attack had occurred. The response team should quickly stop the attacker right away and
stop the spreading further into the companies computers system. After doing that they should
document what they have done and the incident. Forth, investigating the cyber security we need to
construct internal

The Patriot Act: Trampling on the Bill of Rights Essay
Several weeks after the horrible terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, The Uniting and
Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act was rushed through Congress by Attorney General, John
Ashcroft. This particular Act, however, was established with a ruling hand of fear. Life for
Americans changed dramatically in those immediate days, weeks, and months after the attack.
America had been spoiled with luxury for so long, that the illusion of control had ingrained itself
into our very nature as Americans. That act of terror, on September 11, 2001, brought that belief
crashing down, almost immediately. Fear and anger were rampant though out America; a dangerous
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although not every aspect of The USA PATRIOT ACT is radical, section 215 in The USA PATRIOT
Act is one of the more critically addressed problems of this already controversial piece of
legislation. Probably because most sane individuals would not like the government walking into a
library or book store and ask for a list of anyone who purchased a book that may or not be
considered radical enough to be flagged as possible terrorist activity. Summarized best by Dahlia
Lithwick, "Section 215 modifies the rules on records searches. Post–Patriot Act, third–party holders
of your financial, library, travel, video rental, phone, medical, church, synagogue, and mosque
records can be searched without your knowledge or consent, providing the government says it's
trying to protect against terrorism." (Lithwick part 1) This raises concern that the government may
cry wolf (terrorism) to circumvent the Bill of Rights for any investigation it so desired. John
Ashcroft, as quoted by an unnamed CNN writer, said "If we ever make an inquiry about any kind of
record or business record, it has the judicial supervision, so that a federal judge would look carefully
and simply not allow it if it were not a part of a case that merited the involvement of the authorities."
(CNN 1) It would seem that the term privacy never evolved alongside technology, allowing even
greater

Bioterrorism Research Paper
1
BIO 260
Dr. Paul Reese
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.
These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally– occurring or a human–
modified form. A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, toxins or other
harmful agents used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. These agents are typically
found in nature, but it is possible that they could be mutated or altered to increase their ability to
cause disease, make them resistant to current medicines, or to increase their ability to be spread into
the environment. Biological agents can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Already existing systems of good agricultural practice, good manufacturing practice and 'hazard
analysis and critical control point' (HACCP) can be used. Government agencies, working with the
private sector, have regulatory and advisory responsibility in promoting safe food measures by
industry, including good agricultural and good manufacturing practices. Surveillance, preparedness,
and response elements specific to food safety, should be included in existing national emergency
response plans to achieve balance between threats to food safety and other threats. A new threat for
the food chain is the introduction of a chemical, biological, or radio nuclear agent into food during
production, processing, distribution or preparation of food. The responsibility to avoid this lies in
the hands of the food industry. Many foods, such as fish, meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables, are
consumed with minimal processing. Other, such as cereal products and cooking oils, undergo
considerable 4 processing before reaching the consumer. Vulnerable to sabotage are the points
where food changes hands. The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response
Act of 2002, directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to take steps to protect the public
from a threatened or actual terrorist attack on the

Western Imperialism
1. (a) The post–WWII is marked as the rise of human rights. The universal human rights has become
apparent in the international system, and has become the basis of drafting the UDHR. The universal
human rights states "all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights." This phrase has
guaranteed and protected the human rights of all human beings without any distinction. However,
the universal notion of human rights has initiated controversy among many critiques. Some have
argued that the Declaration was another way of Western imperialism because the idea has adopted
western philosophical and political principles. This has instigated the rise of cultural relativism,
which claimed that every culture has specific beliefs and perspectives ... Show more content on
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(a) The universalists conceptualize rights as "a special narrow category of rights based on a
universal notion of the inherent dignity of human beings and human rights claims are morally
justified demands to rectify injustice" (Lecture 2). Human rights ensure that all human beings have
these inherent dignity and rights. The universalism puts more emphasis on the individual rights to
impede states from violation of these rights, winning over state sovereignty. The tension of this
approach is the rise of cultural legitimacy, claiming that rights are relative and culture are important
to non–Western states to make international human rights feasible. The cultural relativists recognize
that "every culture has specific world view, with its own notion of good and noble paths, its own
notion of how to be a full human" (Lecture 2). To non–Western countries that highly values and
emphasizes cultural heritage and traditions in daily life, the concept of human rights is redefined
into a more local context that fits their culture. As An Na'im puts it, the violations of human rights
take place due to the lack of cultural legitimacy of human rights standards (2009: 68). Culture is
significant to address and respect the different ideas of human rights among different culture and to
make the non–western countries more familiar with human rights. (b) An Na'im is opposed to the
universality of human rights and favors the cultural relativist of human rights. He argues that the
"observance of human rights standards can be improved through the enhancement of the cultural
legitimacy of those standards (An Na'im 2009: 69). He emphasizes the importance of "cross–
cultural legitimacy" (An Na'im 2009: 69) to develop human rights through the interpretation of
different cultural norms. He further asserts that universalism is "based on ethnocentricity" and
"cultural diversity is unavoidable" (An Na'im 2009: 72,77). For example, the cruel, inhuman, and
degrading treatment or punishment is not

U.s. Nsa Program On Surveillance
Over the last several years, cyber attacks have been continually rising. This is in response to
emerging threats from rogue nations and terrorist groups. They are increasing their attacks on
government, military and civilian installations. According to James Clapper (the Director of
National Intelligence) these threats have become so severe. It is surpassing terrorism as the greatest
challenge facing the nation. In response, the National Security Agency (NSA) began conducting
surveillance on those who are involved in these activities and others which are threat to US national
security interests. This program became so broad; it started continually collecting phone records and
emails on ordinary Americans. This angered many, who felt that the US was acting in a way that
circumvented established legal guidelines and procedures. To fully understand what is taking place
requires focusing on the event, the government 's response and the ways it did / did not meet our
national security goals. Together, these different elements will illustrate what occurred and the
lasting impacts on everyone. (Greenwald 2014) The NSA program on surveillance began in 2001.
This is when Congress authorized government officials to listen in on the phone calls and emails of
those individuals suspected of engaging in terrorist activities (via the USA Patriot Act). It is
designed to ensure that the intelligence community and law enforcement have the tools they need to
track / monitor those suspected

Domestic Violence Against Women Act Of 1994
Abstract
Despite the fact the physical effects of domestic violence could be the similar as for other forms of
violent crime, the emotional effects can be much worse. Domestic violence happens when a crime is
committed against a victim by someone with whom the victim is or has previously found, in a close
relationship or somebody living in the same household as the victim. Domestic violence regulations
differ from state to state. These variances range from conceptualization to the requirements under
required reporting laws. Because of all these differences, the entire process of avoidance a domestic
violence situation rest on each state. The Violence against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) has been
designed to increase victim services and detention and trial of batterers. Stakeholders are persons
who have an absolute interest in it, any of individuals who begin and perform it, or individuals
whom it distresses directly or secondarily. Detecting and concerning stakeholders can be a huge
portion of guaranteeing the efforts accomplishment. To obtain stakeholder contribution and support,
it's vital to understand who probable stakeholders are, but their interest in the effort. Since most
women and men's obtain their health care in primary care settings, health care professionals can play
a critical role in decreasing the progress of domestic violence through screening and intervention in
a regular bases.
Legislation Types The Congress of the United States in 1994, as part of the

Domestic Violence Against Women Act Of 1994
Domestic Violence
Health Policy
Yuliet Pozo Martinez
South University
Abstract
Despite the fact the physical effects of domestic violence could be the similar as for other forms of
violent crime, the emotional effects can be much worse. Domestic violence happens when a crime is
committed against a victim by someone with whom the victim is or has previously found, in a close
relationship or somebody living in the same household as the victim. Domestic violence regulations
differ from state to state. These variances range from conceptualization to the requirements under
required reporting laws. Because of all these differences, the entire process of avoidance a domestic
violence situation rest on each state. The Violence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legislation Types The Congress of the United States in 1994, as part of the Crime Bill, passed law
allowing the federal government to take part in the battle against domestic violence. This new law,
named The violence against Woman Act (VAWA), To fight this violent crime problem, VAWA made
federal domestic violence crimes to be act against by the Department of Justice. Reliable with this
federal inventiveness, the Crime Bill also modified the Gun Control Act to embrace domestic
violence–related crimes. Congress reiterated its commitment to fight domestic violence crimes by
the performing in the fall of 1996 of extra federal domestic violence crimes in both VAWA and the
Gun Control Act. The federal government has largely lacked authority over several domestic
violence crimes. However domestic violence remains primarily a matter of state and local
jurisdiction (Lindhorst, Casey, & Meyers, 2010).
Federal Legislation The Violence against Women Act (VAWA) delineated funding programs to avoid
violence against women and set a national domestic violence hotline. Also, new protections were
given to victims of domestic abuse, such as confidentiality of new address and modifications to
migration regulations that permit an abused partner to apply for permanent residency. This act also
discourses federal tools to accuse domestic violence offenders in certain situations including
firearms or interstate travel or activity. The federal domestic violence statutes offer

Electronic Observation
As indicated by the Constitution, the President has the commitment to "save, secure and guard the
Constitution of the United States." Over the twentieth course century, constrained utilization of
electronic observation to gather and break down insight data turned into an acknowledged
component of the official forces important to safeguard the country. The successive utilization of
wiretapping and different types of electronic observation for these reasons started fundamentally
with the organization of Franklin Roosevelt, however he communicated aversion in approving such
exercises. Each resulting president tended to reverberate Roosevelt's anxieties while growing step by
step the utilization of electronic observation.
The providing to unite and Strengthening America Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism Act ("Patriot Act"), went by the U.S. Congress in response to the terrorist
assaults of September 2001, altogether adjusts a significant number of laws, including numerous
identified with data arrangement. The Patriot Act included ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The stimulus for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act was an aftereffect of official branch
misuse of electronic reconnaissance, most conspicuously those of Richard Nixon and individuals
from his organization. In 1954, U.S. Lawyer General Herbert Brownell requested the Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to lead clandestine, warrantless pursuits and seizures at whatever
point FBI specialists trusted national security may be included. From the McCarthy time to the
Nixon organization, government law requirement and knowledge gathering operators utilized
exceptionally nosy electronic reconnaissance methods on people and gatherings with practically
zero pertinence to the worries of national

FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay
FDI in Real Estate of India and China
FDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of
another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the
purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations and businesses (known as mergers and
acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging
markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low–wage labour pools in developing
countries are FDI investors.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that
grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment ...
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This includes the type of FDI, sector, scale, duration and location of business and secondary effects.
A refocusing of perspective, from merely enhancing the availability of FDI, to the better application
of FDI for sustainable objectives is crucial to push the debate forward. Various international fora and
discussion have outlined a range of positive and negative aspects of FDI as a source of development
for developing countries, some of which are discussed below.
1. Stimulation of national economy
FDI is thought to bring certain benefits to national economies. It can contribute to Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (total investment in a host economy) and balance of
payments. There have been empirical studies indicating a positive link between higher GDP and FDI
inflows (OECD a.), however the link does not hold for all regions, e.g. over the last ten years FDI
has increased in Central Europe whilst GDP has dropped. FDI can also contribute toward debt
servicing repayments, stimulate export markets and produce foreign exchange revenue.
Subsidiaries of Trans–National Corporations (TNCs), which bring the vast portion of FDI, are
estimated to produce around a third of total global exports. However, levels of FDI do not
necessarily give any indication of the domestic gain (UNCTAD 1999). Corporate strategies e.g.
protective tariffs and transfer pricing can reduce the level of corporate tax received by host

The Brazilian Audit Committee
An Introduction to the Audit Committee
An audit committee is a subcommittee of the board of directors that oversees the financial reporting
process of a company including its audit procedures. In general, the audit committee's
responsibilities are to monitor the financial reporting process, oversee the internal control systems
and to oversee the internal audit and independent public accounting function (Doupnik & Perera,
2012). Another requirement for publicly traded companies in the United States is that the committee
must be made up of independent directors, meaning that no committee member can work for the
company, with one committee member being a financial expert in accounting and auditing.
A History of the Audit Committee in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brazilian investments in roads, rails, airports and power plants will help in modernizing Brazil while
giving the economy boost and enticing more business and capital to the country.
The BM&F Bovespa
Brazil's main stock exchange is the BM&F Bovespa. It is located in Sao Paulo and was founded on
August 23, 1890. The mission of the BM&F Bovespa is stated as follows: "Public confidence in the
soundness of the capital markets and in the professional who work in those markets is an essential
component for continued vitality and growth." (BM&F Bovespa, 2014) In the year 2000, in order to
further this mission BM&F Bovespa created stock listing levels with increasingly strict corporate
governance and disclosure requirements. The listing levels are as follows: regular Bovespa, Level 1,
Level 2 and Nova Mercado.
The Brazilian Audit Committee
Brazilian law requires public companies to have a board of directors, with at least three members.
Firms that list on regular Bovespa, Level 2 or Novo Mercado must have at least 5 member boards.
Brazil has no legal requirements for board independence, but only one–third of board members may
be company officers. Traditionally in Brazil though, there has been either no or few independent
directors that make up a company's board. Brazilian law also gives minority shareholders the legal
right to elect one representative

The United States ' Patriot Act
Kaylyn Dailey
11/27/16
Professor Carter
American Gov. Term Paper
Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by
terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two
planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane
crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across
the country and out of this fear came the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct the Terrorism, also known as the USA Patriot
Act.
The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001 by President George W. Bush. The act
expanded the surveillance capability of both domestic law enforcement and international
intelligence agencies. When this law was passed it was under the assumption "to deter and punish
terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory
tools, and for other purposes" (The USA Patriot). The Patriot Act has given the government the
power to spy on the average American through monitoring phone records and calls, gaining banking
and credit information, and even track a person's internet activity. This is an unbelievable amount of
power intelligence agencies wield all under the umbrella of national security. This power has gone
too far, is unjustified, unconstitutional, and infringes on the privacy of the

Banking Law Project : Money Laundering
Banking Law Project
MONEY LAUNDERING
Submitted to :
Rohit Kumar Dharua
BA.LLB, Section "B" , 1383067
Contents
INTRODUCTION 2
MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA 2
METHODS OF MONEY LAUNDERING 4
PUNISHMENT FOR MONEY LAUNDERING 5
STEPS TO PREVENT MONEY LAUNDERING 5
INTRODUCTION
Money laundering is the generic term used to describe the process by which criminals disguise the
original ownership and control of the proceeds of criminal conduct by making such proceeds appear
to have derived from a legitimate source . In other words it is a practice which engages in specific
financial transactions, in order to conceal the identity, source or destination of money. It is the main
operation of underground economy. The Interpol General Secretariat Assembly in 1995 defined
money laundering as: "Any act or attempted act to conceal or disguise the identity of illegally
obtained proceeds, so that they appear to have originated from legitimate sources".
BASIC CONCEPT: Money laundering is the process, by which, large amounts of illegally obtained
money is given the facade of having a legitimate source. Earlier the concept of money laundering
was associated with organized crime alone. However in recent times, the ambit of money laundering
operations has dramatically increased.
The concept of money laundering originated in the U.S.A. It started with the attempt to disguise the
ill–gotten wealth, obtained from trading in alcoholic beverages. American mobster Meyer Lansky

The United States Tax System
Past Influences, the United States Tax System
The Power of Tax
Franklin D Roosevelt once said "Taxes, after all, are dues that we pay for the privileges of
membership in an organized society". Though the word, tax, itself has so much power the basic
definition is to asses a fee against a citizen person, property, or activity for the support of the
government (Tax, n.d. , para. 2). Just mentioning taxes as a headliner on a newscast will draw the
public in to listen to the news. The word is unescapable since as citizens of the United States taxes
are paid on almost all earned income and on the majority of goods or services purchased. In order
for the federal government to fund for expenditures related to the economy; taxes are collected from
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
14). Over the years no internal revenues were collected, hence to raise money for war Congress
would raise excise taxes, custom duties, and issue Treasury notes (History of the US Tax, 2003,
para. 14).
Civil War Influence Initially few taxes did exist in the United States, however it was not until 1862,
and Congress enacted the nation's first income tax law (Brief History of IRS). During this time
period the nation was going through the Civil War, and in order to support the war Congress
established the office of Commissioner of the Internal Revenue (History of Income Tax). The
Commissioner of 1862 still has the same obligations, thus the power to collect taxes, levy, seize
property, assess, and enforce tax laws. Throughout the Civil War any person earning from $600 to
$10,000 per year paid tax at the rate of three percent, while people that earned more than $10,000
paid a higher rate of five percent (History of Income Tax).Although the people who earned more
were taxed at a higher rate in the course of time, a standard deduction of $600 was also enacted for
rental housing, repairs, losses, and other taxes paid (History of the US Tax, 2003, para. 14). With the
end of the Civil War, the necessity for the additional tax revenue began to diminish as well as public
support of the individual income tax rate. Congress did eventually decrease the

Swot Analysis of Reliance Life Insurance Company
SECTOR OVERVIEW
1
Introduction: Banking sector The Indian Banking industry governed by the Banking Regulation
Act of India, 1949, falling into two broad classifications, non–scheduled banks and scheduled banks.
Within the commercial banks there are nationalized banks, the State Bank of India and its group
banks, regional rural banks and private sector banks (the old/ new domestic and foreign). With the
economic growth picking up pace and the investment cycle on the way to recovery, the banking
sector has witnessed a transformation in its vital role of intermediating between the demand and
supply of funds. The revived credit off take (both from the food and non food segments) and
structural reforms have paved the way for a change in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
4
INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM
5
Indian Banking System: For the past three decades India's banking system has several outstanding
achievements to its credit. The government's regular policy for Indian bank since 1969 has paid rich
dividends with the nationalization of 14 major private banks of India. The first bank in India, though
conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of Indian Banking System
can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as mentioned below:
Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks Nationalisation of Indian Banks and up to 1991
prior to Indian banking sector Reforms. New phase of Indian Banking System with the advent of
Indian Financial & Banking Sector Reforms after 1991.
Phase I During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic
failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline
the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of

6
India came up with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking
Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was
vested with extensive powers for the supervision of banking in India as the Central Banking
Authority. Phase II The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate
Banking Institutions in the Country:
1949: Enactment of Banking

Financial System Between Australia and Singapore
This research essay is done for the purpose to compare and contrast the financial system between
two countries chosen which are Australia and Singapore. This research essay is mainly concentrate
on different types of institutions in the financial system and the role they play. Moreover, the
different types of institutions in different countries will then compare in order to analyze the
similarity and differences.
There are three sections consists in this research essay. The first section stressed on the central bank
in Australia, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the central bank in Singapore, the Monetary
Authority of Singapore (MAS). First of all, the history of central bank of each country was
discussed in order to view how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MAS then take over the task to regulate the insurance industry in April 1977 and the function of
Security Industry in September 1984. MAS continued to take over the responsibility of money
issuance starting from October 2002. (MAS 2010)
Australia
Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is the central bank of Australia. RBA was formed in 1959 to
replace Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Commonwealth Bank was set up by the Federal
Government in 1911. RBA is responsible to take over central banking roles that previously taken
care by Commonwealth Bank. After the take over, RBA keep improving their banking system and
provide different banking services. The role of RBA is to perform the monetary policy in order to
preserve a strong financial system and subject to the Australian Dollar's currency.
Functions of the Central Bank
Government's Financial Agency
MAS and RBA have been actively involved in few functions in the banking environment. As a
central bank, MAS and RBA is also known as the Government bank. A government bank serves as
the banker or financial agent of the government. The government and the departments within the
government bodies are basically the major customer to central bank. According to the Economics
Explorer of Singapore, the central banks provide the government with the current account and other
financial infrastructures. It improves and manages

The Secret Service Essay
The Secret Service was created in 1865 as a federal law enforcement agency within the Treasury
Department. It derives its legal authority from Title 18, United States Code, Section 3056. It was
established for the express purpose of stopping counterfeiting operations which had sprung up in
this country following the introduction of paper currency during the Civil War (Treasury, 2002,
Online). The Secret Service maintains its role as guardian of the integrity of our currency, but today
also investigates crimes involving United States securities, coinage, other government issues, credit
and debit card fraud, and electronic funds transfer fraud. The most obvious of its other activities is
executive protection, which began after the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson (1963–1969) authorized the Secret Service to protect all Presidential candidates.
Over the years, the Secret Service's function has continued to change and grow. Its functions
include:
Protecting the President and Vice President and their families, candidates for those offices, former
Presidents and their families, and visiting heads of foreign states and governments;
Enforcing laws against counterfeiting currency, coins, or securities of the United States;
Enforcing laws against fraud or forgery of Government checks or bonds, and other securities and
obligations of the United States;
Investigating credit and debit card fraud, computer fraud, and electronic fund transfer fraud;
Furnishing physical security for the White House, the Main Treasury Building, and foreign
embassies and missions in Washington, New York and other cities. (Treasury, 2002, Online).
These functions are directly reflected, below, in their mission statement and fall into two distinct
categories – the investigative mission and the protective mission.
The United States Secret Service is mandated by statute and executive order to carry out two

The Difference Between Civil Rights And Civil Rights
I noted that the U.S. civil liberties, as well as, U.S. civil rights are generally located in the first ten
amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, as well as, the Fourteenth Amendment.
The distinction between civil liberties and civil rights is blurred since the concepts are used
interchangeably, even though they refer to different kinds of guaranteed protections. Civil liberties
are protections against government actions. Whereas civil rights refer to positive actions
governments should take to create equal conditions. The primary objective of this essay is to
distinguish between civil rights and civil liberties. In this essay, I present a case related to the civil
right to free expression or creation of equal conditions in forum 4.1. Whereas in forum 4.2 I present
a provision of the US Patriot Act related to civil liberties or protections against federal government
action.
Forum 4.1: Anti–Abortion T–Shirt and Civil Right to Free Expression
On April 26, 2005, the third "National Pro–Life T–shirt Day" two sisters (Brittany and Tamera
Chandler) who resided in Des Moines, Iowa and enrolled in Roosevelt High School were asked to
remove or cover up their pro–life t–shirts which were not considered appropriate. The two students
Brittany age 18 and Tamera age 15: 1) were called into the Principal's Office after a Teacher
expressed concern how other students might react to the t–shirts and make the two students targets;
and; 2) complained that

The Prison System Needs Reform
Prisons have become one of the most polarizing topics, especially, in the United States and even
around the world. Whether the prison system needs reform or outside forces are changing how
prisons operate. Prisons are becoming overcrowded. Overcrowding is causing problems within the
prisons with sexual assault, healthcare, racism, and solitary confinement. These came to more
attention in 2014. When T.J. Lane escapes from Allen Oakwood Correctional Institution. T.J. Lane
was serving three life sentences without parole after killing three high school students at Chardon
High School (Payne and Lenz). The prison that lane was being held at, Allen Oakwood Correctional
Institution, is a definition as a medium security level prison. This means ... Show more content on
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While measuring crime and incarceration rates. While Norway was pick because the most successful
prison system in the world at the moment. Reason they are label as the most successful prison
system in the world because of their recidivism rates. Since the beginning of time, good people have
rationalized the efforts to keep social order. Keeping social order is done by punish and prevent evil.
This is dated as far as back before Christ. However, through the course of history, prison evolved
into the most used convention for dealing with evil people. With the idea of prisons starting to take
place before Christ. During the time under Greece and Roman empire the great philosophical
approaches to the punishment of prisons begin to transform. Plato presented the deterrent approach
to punishment in his work of Gorgias:
"Now the proper office of all punishment is twofold; he who is rightly punished ought either to
become better and profit by it, or he ought to be made an example to his fellows, that they may see
what he suffers, and fear to suffer the like, and become better. Those who are improved when they
are punished by gods and men, are those whose sins are curable; and they are improved, as in this
world so also in another, by pain and suffering, for there is no other way in which they can be
delivered from their evil. But they who have been guilty of the worst crimes, and are incurable by
reason of their crimes, are made examples; as they are incurable, they

Air India
[pic]
CASE STUDY
ON
AIR INDIA
[pic]
OF
BUSINESS PROCES & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Submitted To: N.P.SINGH Submitted By: Priyanka Bhardwaj(86) Anil Tiwari(98) Lovisha Sharma
(76)
JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL
KALKAJI,NEW DELHI
Air India Limited (Hindi: एअर इंडिया) is the national flag carrier airline of India, flying a worldwide
network of passenger and cargo services. Air India is state–owned, and administered as part of the
National Aviation Company of India Limited – which was created in 2007 to facilitate Air India's
merger with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only applied to around a half of Air India's fleet, the new livery did not succeed, as the Indian flying
public complained about the phasing out of the classic colours. The new livery was dropped after
two years and the old scheme was returned.
In 1993, Air India took delivery of the flagship of its fleet when the first Boeing 747–400 named
Konark and registered VT–ESM made history by operating the first non–stop flight between New
York City and Delhi. In 1994 the airline was registered as Air India Ltd. In 1996, the airline
inaugurated service to its second US gateway at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. In 1999,
the airline opened its dedicated Terminal 2–C at the newly renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport in Mumbai.
In 2000, Air India introduced services to Shanghai, as well as to Los Angeles and Newark. On May
2004, Air India launched a wholly–owned low cost airline called Air India Express. Air India
Express connecting cities in India with the Middle East, Southeast Asia and the Subcontinent. Air
India expanded its international routes to include non–stop flights from Ahmedabad and also

expanded its international operations from Bangalore and Hyderabad.
On 8 March 2004, International Women's Day, the airline operated an "All Women Flight" from
Mumbai to Singapore.[8] Captain Rashmi Miranda, who became Air–India's first female
Commander in November 2003 and Captain Kshmata Bajpai piloted the flight, an

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