Self Identity And Personality Development

Self Identity And Personality Development
I grew up in an average middle–class family, where I attend a public primary school during the early years of my life. Primary school was rather
simple reason been most of the pupils were friendly and there was so social division both inside and outside of class. However, once I entered high
school life became different with the existence of classes due to boundaries between the well–behaved students who were also classified as middle class
and the students who were rude and involve themselves in truancy was considered middle class. During this time, my personality and emotional
developments were developing and with the emotional support from my parents my self–identity was enhanced. Which in turn gave me the foundation
to become the person I am now. Emotional and Personality development can have a positive outcome on behaviors, learning and the decision that are
made in schools this then can lead to a stronger self–identity. Self–identity in adolescence is composed of two concepts. First, are self–concept this is
referred to permanent assessments of oneself such as knowledge of one self–skills and abilities, also the personality traits and attributes. For example,
an adolescent may have negative academic self–concept because of the bad grades they are receiving but have a positive athletic self–concept because
they are a star which refers athlete. Secondly is self–esteem which refers to the global evaluative dimension of the self. This can be seen as how the
adolescence
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What Drives Adult Personality Development?
Question #1 According to Specht, Bleidorn, Dennisen, Henneck, Huteman, Kandler, Luhmann, Orth, Reitz and Zimmerman's article (2014) What
Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence In terms of adult personality development,
the most prominent perspectives utilize genetic and environmental factors into their models. Some examples of these theories consist of the five factor
theory of personality and neo–social analytic theory (Specht et al., 2014). McCray and Costa's five factor theory focuses on biological maturation and
not life experiences (Specht et al., 2014). Meaning that innate biological processes may parallel physical fluctuations experienced in puberty. Many
organisms go through stages of crucial development and reproduction events that include sexual and physical maturation (Specht et al., 2014). In turn,
McCray and Costa hypothesized that higher levels of Openness to experience and Extraversion are detrimental to finding a mating partner while
Conscientiousness and Agreeableness facilitate raising a family (Specht et al., 2014). One of the limitations associated with this theory is that
individual differences appear around the age of 30 based on the empirical evidence (Specht et al., 2014). Thus, the empirical data suggest that more
changes occur and this theory doesn't encompass all those changes. This perspective also fails to acknowledge normal ranging common life
experiences (Specht et al., 2014).

Erik Erikson : Psychosocial Stages Of Personality Development
Assessment 3 Part B Topic 2 Erik Erikson Erik Erikson– Psychosocial Stages. Erikson's ideas were greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud in regards to
the structure of personality. (Freud's ID, EGO and SUPEREGO) Erikson has since expanded on Freud's theory by focusing on characteristic of
the ego, and expanding the stages of personality development to include the entire lifespan. Erikson emphasized on the role that culture and
society play in the development of humans and the effects that they have. According to Erikson "the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises
that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society" Unlike Freud
focusing on the psychosexual ideas, Erikson focused on how children socialized and how this affected their own sense of one's self. Erikson
created a lifespan model of development, this consists of five stages up to the age of 18 years old and a further three stages well into adulthood.
Erikson implied that there is still a lot of room for continued growth and development throughout a person's life. Erikson emphasised on the
adolescent period of ones life, feeling it was the crucial stage for developing a person's identity. Erikson believed that we all are predisposed to
having the urge to complete these stages he has stated this to be "the epigenic principle." Erikson stated that "a crises occurs at each stage of
development." for Erikson, these crises are

Personality Theory Of Personality Development
Many personality theorists offered different explanations for human behaviors as well as established specific stages of personality development.
However, person centered theory does not have a theory of personality structure, rather believes that it is essential to follow certain principles in order
to develop the self–concept. Rogers's theory of personality is based on the notion that all individuals have the innate ability to reach actualizing
tendency and establish a self–concept, which is congruent with his whole experience (Warner, 2009). Rogers defined the actualizing tendency as the
inborn motivating force of the self, which move towards fulfilling and enhancing ones true potential. The actualizing tendency applies to all living
organism, however, in human this tendency is referred as self–actualization. According to Rogers (1980) actualizing tendency can be suppressed,
though, it can never be destroyed, without destroying the organism itself. This phenomenon is the motivating force in the theory, which includes all
motivations such as need, drive, or anxiety reduction. It also encompasses, growth motivations for instance, the desire to be more creative and seeking
of pleasurable tensions. It is Rogers' belief that all organisms including, humans strive to become his/her full potential even under difficult
circumstances. However, when individuals are lacking empathy and unconditional positive regard in their society and in interpersonal relationship, then

Essay about Explanations of Personality Development
Explanations of Personality Development
According to Sigmund Freud, what we do and why we do it, who we are and how we became this way are all related to our sexual drive.
Differences in personalities originate in differences in childhood sexual experiences. In the Freudian psychoanalytical model, child personality
development is discussed in terms of "psychosexual stages". In his "Three Essays on Sexuality" (1915), Freud outlined five stages of manifestations
of the sexual drive: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. At each stage, different areas of the child's body become the focus of his pleasure and
the principal source of sexual arousal. Differences in satisfying the sexual urges at each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The superego is the Freudian structure of personality that is the moral branch of personality. The superego takes into account whether something is
right or wrong. The superego as what we often refer to as our "conscience."
During the oral stage (birth to 18 months), the child if focused on oral pleasures (e.g. sucking). Too much or too little gratification can result in an
Oral Fixation or Oral Personality, which is evidenced by an obsession with oral activities. This type of personality may have a stronger tendency to
smoke, drink alcohol, over eat, or bite his or her nails. Personality wise, these individuals may become overly dependent upon others, gullible, and
group followers. On the other hand, they may also fight these urges and develop negative personalities and aggression toward others.
In the Anal Stage (18 months to three years), the child's focus of pleasure is on eliminating and retaining faeces. Through society's pressure, mainly via
parents, the child has to learn to control anal stimulation. In terms of personality, after effects of an anal fixation during this stage can result in an
obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive). On the opposite end of the spectrum, they may become messy and disorganized
(anal expulsive).
The pleasure zone in Phallic Stage (ages three to six) switches to

Psychology and Impact Personality Development
1.Define personality.
2.Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development.
3.Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development.
4.Describe the major dispositional theories of personality.
5.Describe the major process theories of personality.
6.Evaluate the major personality theories.
7.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability.
Define personality.
Personality
* Is a unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave * Is shaped by biological, situational, and mental processes in a
sociocultural and development context * Impacts people's cognition, motivation and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
one would play with an outgoing child more than an inhibited one pushes inhibited child towards shyness * E.g. observational learning
Traits
* Emerge from temperaments and influenced by experiences * Guides thoughts and actions under various conditions * Relatively stable * BIG 5 Traits
* Openness to experience, Conscientious, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism * Has validity across cultures (but most of these studies utilized
university students as respondents who are more influenced by European–American views * Quite accurate * Labels a person but gives no explanation
on why
Evaluation of Trait Theories
XPortrayed personality as fixed and static rather than a process that can undergo development changes depending on experiences
Xoversimplified our complex nature
XDo not tell much

The Major Psychological Theories Of Personality Development
The development of the beliefs, moods, and behaviors that differentiate among people. The concept of personality refers to the profile of stable
beliefs, moods, and behaviors that differentiate among children (and adults) who live in a particular society. The profiles that differentiate children
across cultures of different historical times will not be the same because the most adaptive profiles vary with the values of the society and the
historical era. An essay on personality development written 300 years ago by a New England Puritan would have listed piety as a major psychological
trait but that would not be regarded as an important personality trait in contemporary America. Contemporary theorists emphasize personality traits
having to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This strategy, which relies on induction, focuses on different characteristics at different ages. Infants differ in irritability, three–year–olds differ in
shyness, and six–year–olds differ in seriousness of mood. A major problem with this approach is that each class of behavior can have different
historical antecedents. Children who prefer to play alone rather than with others do so for a variety of reasons. Some might be temperamentally shy and
are uneasy with other children while others might prefer solitary activity. The current categories of child psychopathology influenced the behaviors that
are chosen by scientists for study. Fearfulness and conduct disorder predominate in clinical referrals to psychiatrists and psychologists. A cluster of
behaviors that includes avoidance of unfamiliar events and places, fear of dangerous animals, shyness with strangers, sensitivity to punishment, and
extreme guilt is called the internalizing profile. The cluster that includes disobedience toward parent and teachers, aggression to peers, excessive
dominance of other children, and impulsive decisions is called the externalizing profile. These children are most likely to be at risk for later juvenile
delinquency. The association between inability of a three–year–old to inhibit socially inappropriate behavior and later antisocial behavior is the most
reliable predictive relation between a characteristic scene in the young child and later personality trait.

Human Nature And Development Of Personality
Adlerian Therapy
Liliana Salazar
University of North Texas at Dallas
Adlerian Therapy According to Maniacci and Jonhson–Migalski (2013), "Individual psychology mandates that a person must be understood in the
holistic, phenomenological, teleological way" (p.179). Adlerians believe heredity and environment influence but do not determine our behaviors.
Moreover, every person has to strive for power, and humans develop inferiority feelings as a consequence. Therefore, they need to overcome those
feelings (Croake, 1975). This paper explains how the views of human personality as holistic can explain maladjustment in the client, Allen, a
34–year–old male who experiences episodes of depression. The paper will explore Allen's personality and the relationship between those past
experiences and maladjustment.
Human Nature and Development of Personality Croake (1975) argued the human being is a whole, not just parts. Then personality can only be
expressed if we take into consideration all aspects of the human being. Adler (1982) pointed out that human nature of personality explains how heredity
and environment cannot build an attitude related to life. Instead every person builds on individual experience. He affirmed that humans couldn't be
classified. Edgar (1996) explained the medical model does not apply to every person because everyone is unique, and when science tries to explain
human mistakes by their genes we are categorizing human beings.
According to Adler (1982), the

The Fundamental Discussions On Personality Development
Introduction The fundamental discussions on personality development have a common core; that core being the nature versus nurture controversy.
Every relevant theory to personality development has had something to do with whether or the individual, the self, the personality, is constructed from
biological determinants or if everything that happens in one's life is what shapes the personality. The Various Theories Nature, when viewed from a
psychological perspective, is a term employed to characterize how humans inherently are (Mussen, Conger, Kagan, 1979). The general question
concerning nature and personality is: "To what extent does nature play a role in one's personality?" Unfortunately, no definitive methodological
experiment has been conducted that can accurately determine which part of one's personality comes from their genetic code. Theoretically speaking, if
one's personality were to be solely determined via genetics, then one would presume that their personality is a combination of their parents'. However,
studies have shown that individuals differ in their reactivity to the environment; individuals differ in the processing of their experiences; individuals
differ in characteristics; and individuals differ in how their environment shapes and selects their experiences (Rutter, 1997). The idea that human nature
intrinsically shapes the human psyche was posed by Sigmund Freud in the early nineteen hundreds, and he is commonly referred to as the founding
father of

The Influences of Choosing the Right Personality Test on...
Capilano University, Spring 2012, April 20th, Final Report BADM 202–01 Capilano University, Spring 2012, April 20th, Final Report BADM 202–01
Ming Lin & Thibaud Martin Ming Lin & Thibaud Martin The Influences of Choosing the Right Personality Test on Jobs and the Future
Development The Influences of Choosing the Right Personality Test on Jobs and the Future Development Table of Contents Executive Summary1 The
current issues caused by inappropriate personality test2 The Ways to Develop a Valid Personality Test3 The Influences of a Valid Personality Test on
the Future HR Management5 The Problems and Obstacles7 Conclusion9 Executive Summary The influence of the appropriate... Show more content on
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Thus, we went over two main issues caused by inappropriate personality test: time and money. They are also two key elements for an organization.
Let's go deeper to understand why these two points can decrease the efficiency of an organization. Time is very important for an organization (most of
the time concerning companies), the quicker, the better. Indeed, the influence of time on companies is due in order to satisfy customers. This means to
have the best employee as possible, and the first step is obviously the recruitment with a personality test. Of course it takes time to do a test when we
recruit someone. However, we should see this on the long–term and not short–term because the benefit is really huge. Moreover, employers or
managers usually forget that employees are the basement of an organization, and the stronger, the better, which means having the correct employee
with the correct skills and abilities for the job specifications. Job specification is the "Statement of the needed knowledge, skills, and abilities of the
person who is to perform the position. The different duties and responsibilities performed by only one employee". Money is fundamental for an
organization, and this doesn't only mean

Type D Personality Development
Type D Personality is characterized by high negative affectivity which is related to higher levels of self–reported stress and poor coping skills. In
addition people who express high negative affectivity, on average have higher levels of distress and anxiety. The other component of Type D
Personality, social inhibition, is characterized by anxiety in social interaction. College life and athletics, involve a high level of social interaction.
Being around your peers every day, not only during practice, but during class time and living arrangements as well. Therefore, those with a high level
of social inhibition would be under a considerable amount of perceived stress. Few personality traits have been found to be associated with the onset of

Psychology : Learning, Development, Stress And Health, And...
Have you ever sat down and wondered how you became the person you are today? Or maybe, sat down and thought about who you actually grown
to be? If you are like me than most likely your answer to these questions would be no, and that's fine. Psychology plays a major role in the way we
are brought up and who we are today. Believe it or not, the way we are taught and the way we are are today deals with the way our brain has grown
and developed throughout our years on this earth. During psychology class, I learned about many different theories that different people came up
with to clarify how we act today. In this paper i'm going to use my knowledge of learning, development, stress and health, and personality theories
and integrate them with my life. Although, as a child, observational learning and classical learning played roles in the way I am today; operant
learning has really impacted me the most. operant learning is when reinforcements are used to either decrease or increase the probability of a
behavior occurring again. Reinforcements is anything that increases or decreases the likelihood of something to happen. There are two different
types of reinforcers; positive and negative. Positive reinforcement is when a rewarding stimulus is added, and a negative reinforcement is when an
aversive stimulus is removed. When I was little I was always rewarded with money whenever I did a good deed, or got good grade. This is an example
of positive reinforcement because getting

Discrimination And Personality Development In Adulthood Paper
Lee, Angie PSYC 100 Dec. 7, 2015 Perceived Discrimination and Personality Development in Adulthood In this study, researchers focused on
whether experiencing discrimination affects personality changes in adults. Their reason to believe this is because normally, there are predictable
changes in an adult's personality, as part of the Five Factor Model . Researchers in this study predicted that there will be increases in experiencing
negative emotions, decreases in being trusting, decreases in being able to be organized and disciplined, as well as being able to be open to try new
things. Researchers conducted this experiment by taking two nationally large samples: one in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and one in the
Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), each with a follow up interval. In the Health and Retirement Study, Americans were taken at the ages of 50 and
older. These participants were interviewed in 2 years and in the interview they received a questionnaire in which they answered questions regarding
experience with discrimination and a measure of personality traits. In the Midlife in the United States study,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The adjectives used corresponded to neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Perceived discrimination was measured
through a scale of participants having experienced discrimination. In the HRS study, participants had to rate 5 items on a scale of 1–6: 1 being never, 2
being less than once a year, 3 being a few times a year, 4 being a few times a month, 5 being at least once a week, and 6 being almost every day. On
the other hand, in the MIDUS study, participants rated the same 5 items in the HRS study with 4 additional items rated on a scale of 1–4: 1 being
never, 2 being rarely, 3 being sometimes, and 4 being often. They were also asked to give reasons to why they rated the way they

Birth Order And Personality Development
For many years, birth order was noted as a distinguishable characteristic in determining the personality of child. In the early 1900s, when Alfred Adler
first established the concept of birth order, he became the first theorist to give a new dimension to personality development. Not only did he look at the
influence parents had on personality development but the influence of siblings and the biological position each of them grew up within their family
(Boeree, 2006). Adler identified five fundamental positions in which a child would be categorized into based on their birth order. These are; the
first–born child, the second–born child, the middle child, the youngest child and the only child.
Murphy (2012), acknowledges that there are two types of birth order, actual and psychological. Actual birth order is the order in which a child is born
into the world, whereas psychological birth order is the position in which the child perceives him or herself to be in the family. Since the inception of
the birth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That general 'rule' being the personality traits assigned to specified birth order positions. It is said that even though siblings grow up together, they
have different experiences based on their actual birth order, however, it should be noted that these siblings can share these different experiences that
become memories. Rather than becoming enemies and allowing those differences to drift you apart, they can become best friends and, even without or
sharing the connotations of each birth order personality characteristic (Murphy, 2012). Parents play a role in how these feelings towards their siblings
manifest, whether good or bad. If a parent consistently tells the oldest sibling that they have to be responsible and they have to be this and be that for
their younger siblings, then of course the first born will develop the personality traits of a leader or

Erik Eriskson's Eight Stages of Personality Development
Erik Erikson was a psychoanalyst and based his work off of Sigmund Freud's ideas about the structure and topography of personality. Unlike Freud's
idea that personality is shaped by the age of five, Erikson believed that personality continues to change over the life span. With this theory in mind,
Erikson came up with a stage theory of personality development. "Stage theories assume that (1) individuals must progress through specified stages in
a particular order, because each stage builds on the previous stage, (2) progress through these stages is strongly related to age, and (3) development is
marked by a major discontinuities that usher in dramatic transitions in behavior" (Weiten, 2008). Erikson's stage theory was broken down into eight
stages that progressed through life. Each stage encountered a "crisis" that needed to be resolved before the person could move onto the next stage. Each
stage builds upon what has gone before and carries elements of itself into future stages (Hopkins, 1995). The eight stages Erikson purposed were trust
vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs.
self–absorption, and integrity vs. despair (Guinee, 1998). Stage one, trust vs. mistrust, children would ask the question whether their caregivers met
their needs or not. This stage happened between birth and one year of age (Dunkel & Sefcek, 2009). Maternal relationships also plays

Personal Development Of Personality Development
Personality development, this term is not just about enhancing the own look. Most of the people also got puzzled by the term personality
development. So, it becomes essential to understand what personality development term actually is? The term personality development relates to
improving the way we think, the way we feel, the way we behave and the way we bear on ourselves. Here in this blog, LinguaSoft professionals have
mentioned about how personality development is essential in various zones.Personality Traits of a Successful Manager Remember being a manager
does not mean sitting in a closed cabin and passing on instructions to your team members. Do not forget that respect is something which is always
earned, never demanded. Adopting a "Hitler approach" will not only make you... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conflicts arise when people backstab each other and spread baseless stories. One should learn to mind his/her own business. Do not interfere much
with anyone else's personal life. How would you feel if someone else shows too much interest in your personal life? Obviously one would feel bad
and irritated. Avoid criticizing others. Personality development plays an imperative role in strengthening the relationship between individuals. Be
polite to everyone. Respect your fellow workers at the workplace. You have no rights to hurt or make fun of any individual irrespective of his/her
income, family background, designation or level in the hierarchy. Readily help others. This way people will speak high of you even in your absence.
You need to respect others to gain respect in return. Be a little flexible and broad–minded. Conflicts also arise when individuals carry their ego and
personal grudges to work. There is absolutely no place for ego at workplaces. You just can't afford to be rude to your team members just because you
had a fight with your girlfriend previous

Trauma On Personality Development
General Overview
There is a need to examine the literature to grasp a better understanding how trauma can impact the development of personality disorders, as well as
how people who have personality disorders respond to trauma. However, research on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) comorbidity has usually
been retrospective and focused mainly on the prevalence of other primary psychiatric (Axis I) diagnoses and not personality disorders (Axis 2)
(according to the DSM–IV), even over ten years later (Dunn, Yanasak, Schillaci, Simotas, Rehm, Souchek, & Hamilton, 2004; Bollinger, Riggs, Blake,
& Ruzek, 2000). The purpose of our project is to examine how trauma impacts the development of personality disorders and how individuals with
personality disorders respond to trauma. Thus we pose two research questions:
How do personality disorders develop from trauma?
How do people with different personality disorders respond to trauma?
Limitations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The limited research regarding PTSD and personality disorders has primarily focused on individuals with military experience, classifying as veterans.
Important to note, the present research has only shown how personality disorders develop from this population, not how these individuals who had a
personality disorder responded to trauma (our second research question). One could assume, that's because research and literature has not diagnosed
active military personal with a personality disorder due to possible negative

Personality And Personality Development : Freud ' S...
PERSONALITY Personality can be defined as the stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motive and emotions that characterizes an individual.
(Wade, Tavris, & Gary, 2014). This means personality deals not only with the way we behave but deals with our emotions i.e. our feelings; it deals
with our thoughts the way we think about some certain things that defines us as individuals. Personality is also the habitual way of behaving,
thinking and feeling. (Class note). Personality is also the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual 's distinctive character.
FREUD'S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES/STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY Freud believed that life was built round tension and pleasure. Freud
also believed that all tension was due to the buildup of libido (sexual energy) and that all pleasure came from its discharge. (Wade et al., 2014). In
describing human personality development as psychosexual Freud meant to convey that what develops is the way in which sexual energy
accumulates and is discharged as we mature biologically. Freud argued that people have three levels of awareness: conscious (what we are aware of),
preconscious (what we can be aware of if we attend to is carefully) and unconscious (that about which we cannot be aware except under exceptional
circumstances). (Wade et al., 2014). Therapies often aimed precisely at bringing the unconscious into the conscious. He also maintained that personality
has a structure. It is the result of three

Personality Development of Children: Who Matters More?
Personality development of children: Who Matters More?
Judith Harris and John Bowlby
The impact of parents on child development has been a major matter among developmental psychologists who have been trying to find a direct link
between parental activities and the personality development of children. The nature vs. nurture debate remains vital and keeps the world of
developmental and clinical psychology polarized for a long time now (Encyclopedia.com).
There are various factors that affect child development. "What happens during the prenatal period and the earliest months", says Hutchinson (2008)
"sets the stage for the journey through childhood, adolescence and adulthood". When talking about child development, one needs to take ... Show more
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By using the examples of her own family, Colorado Adoption Project (intellectual ability and personality traits of 245 adopted kids showed no
similarities with the scores of their adoptive parents) and the famous Minnesota studies of twins separated at birth, Harris argues that "when there is
no genetic inheritance there is no resemblance" (Gladwell, 1998). What's more, says Harris, children from the same parents raised in the same
household are no more alike than if they were raised in separate homes. Children, Harris concludes, "would develop into the same sort of adults if we
left their lives outside the home unchanged – left them in their schools and their neighborhoods – but switched all the parents around" (Harris, 1998).
She claims that there is no link between the particular social environment parents create for their children and the way those children turn out
(Gladwell, 1998).
Harris takes her theory a couple of steps further by suggesting that it is not the parenting style that affects child's personality development and that when
away from their parents children can recreate themselves. In fact, says Harris, it is the other way around – most of the time the actions and the
personality of the child shape the parents' behavior. Even when parents do succeed in influencing their children, they are more likely to bring peer
influences home than share home influences with peers, as according to Harris, peer acceptance or

Exploring Personality Development Business in India
ABSTRACT:
There has been a growing trend to go for personality development in India in between students, businessmen, corporates, etc. This study research aims
at exploring the unexplored market of personality development business in India. Apart from just exploring the market the research also tries to study
the scope of personality development business in the near future. The research also tries to analyze the role; personality development plays in the
overall success of a person. In addition to this, the intrusion of personality development in the formal education system is also under study.
INTRODUCTION:
Personality development is an industry that is consistently gaining importance.Corporate houses are investing heavily on HR ... Show more content on
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To find out that the in India believe the same thing, corporates in India are investing into personal development, the following hypothesis is taken
H2: Personal development & consistently learning is gaining importance.
Since most of the current personality development institutes are thriving and giving all those stuff that formal education system lacks, and a large
number of people are believing that formal education in India is insufficient we take the following hypothesis:
H3:Formal education alone is insufficient for success in life.
Conventionally the various areas of personality development are
Vedic mathematics, public speaking, teamwork, leadership, English speaking, attitudinal seminars, conversation techniques, speed reading, acting,
adventure sports, mind power [hypnotism, meditations etc], yoga.
So that to know which areas would they give maximum weightage we make the following hypothesis.
H4: Each area of the personality development program is equally weighted.

METHODOLOGY: The data used in this report is collected from doing a survey. A questionnaire is used for conducting research. Questionnaires are
used primarily as there has been very less study done on this subject in India & specially related to our hypothesis. Since the research are having mostly
yes no type questions, we can't use quantitative techniques like regression analysis, etc.

A Critical Review of KellyвЂ™s Personality Theory in...
1. Introduction
Personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that gives both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior
(Feist & Feist, 2008).
For centuries, philosophers, personality theorists and other thinkers have been trying to answer: what personalities are like, how personalities are
developed, why different personalities are developed and how personalities can be changed (Pervin & Cervone, 2013). George A. Kelly, an American
psychologist born in 1905 in Kansa, is one of those major contributors in the field of personality psychology (Warren, 1998). In this paper, I am writing
to critically review George A. Kelly's perspective on personality. I will first review Kelly's philosophy of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are namely a.) "Structure" which concerns what personalities are like; b.) "Process" which concerns why people behave that way; c.)
"Development" which concerns how personalities are developed over life course; d.) "Psychopathology" which concerns why some personalities are
maladaptive and e.) "Change" which concern how personalities, especially abnormal personalities, can be changed.
3.1. Structure: What Personalities Are Like?
In describing what personalities are like, Kelly abandons the classical threefold division of psychological phenomena: cognition, affection and conation
(Kelly, 1955, p.130). Instead, he formulates his own personality theory with a single structure named "Construct". In this section, let's review the
concept of construct and some of its features.
3.1.1. Core Structure: Construct
Construct is defined as "a representation of the universe, a representation erected by a living creature and then tested against the reality of that
universe" (Kelly, 1955, p.12). According to Kelly, people make sense of the world by formulating their own models. They interpret things happened
around them and organize those interpretations to construe their own models of reality. These models are called "constructs" by Kelly.
3.1.2. Dichotomy of Construct
"All constructs follow the bipolar or dichotomous form" (Kelly, 1955, p.59). Kelly believes that people formulate constructs by distinguishing
similarities and contrasts. For example, we find

Factors Influencing A Person 's Personality Growth And...
According to the textbook, personality theorists' goal is to attempt to understand how individuals got to be the way that they are. There are numerous
factors that contribute to a person's personality growth and development. The authors of the textbook discuss two main determinants: genetic
determinants and environmental determinants. Genetic determinants involve biologically based emotional and behavioral tendencies while
environmental determinants involve our life experiences and social interactions on a daily basis. If we did not live in a social world, we would not
develop in the same way. Other people contribute to individuals' personality and behavior tremendously. Within environmental determinants fall an
individuals culture, social class, family, and peers. An individuals peer group is crucial to the development of their personality. In fact, some
psychologists believe that peer influences are more influential to a person's personality than that of their families influence (Cervone & Pervin, 2013).
The need to fit in or impress your peer group shapes an individual's personality because acceptance is greatly valued. An individuals experience with
their peer group can cause a lasting impression depending on the quality of the friendships. The textbook also mentions that the quality of the peer
group affects styles of behavior. Those people who have lousy friendships tend to create disagreeable, antagonistic styles of behavior (Cervone &
Pervin, 2013). An

Cognitive Theories And Development Of A Healthy...
Cognitive theories tend toward development stage models because our cognitive and mental processes serves as an explanation toward how a
child develops. Cognitive theories focus on the idea of nature versus nature. The way our metal processes are formed can be biological or
externally influenced. Cognitive theories are used to explain how a child develops through different stages. Our brain has to form networks in
order for us to develop normally. We learn the fundamental needs to survive and need to internalize it through our cognitive process. Development
changes show the affects it changes in our brain patterns. As we grow older, cognitive theories help explain the process in we develop and how we
think. Since we internalize learned behaviors stored in our brains, cognitive theories tend toward development stage models to explain how we
grow. B.) There are eight stages to Erikson's crises in the development of a healthy personality. The first stage is trust versus mistrust. During this
stage, the infant is trying to see if the world is good or bad. The infant needs reassurance and comfort from his or her parent in order to feel safe and
secure in the world. The second stage is autonomy versus shame and doubt. Children in this stage need to be able to explore what they can do
independently. Too much parent involvement during this stage can lead the child to doubt himself or herself. They will doubt if they can or cannot do
things on their own. The third stage is

The Effect Of Screen Time On Children And Their...
This paper explores the research findings on how screen time can effect children and their personalities and cognitive development. I have found four
credible articles on these subjects from online sources and scholarly publications. These articles discuss the results of different studies about children's
exposure to television and online content and how they have negative effects on the developing child's brain in terms of cognitive development and
personality traits. Keywords: screen time, personality, cognitive development Personality and Cognitive Effects of Screen Time in Children There have
been a multitude of studies in recent years on the subject of screen time and the effects it can have on children of all ages. Previously, the American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended that children from 0–2 years of age not be exposed to any screen time at all (American Academy of
Pediatrics, [AAP], 2016). This included television, video games, smart phones, tablets, movies and computers. The AAP has recently changed its
recommendation, though, stating that "Some media can have educational value for children starting at around 18 months of age, but it 's critically
important that this be high–quality programming, such as the content offered by Sesame Workshop and PBS." (AAP, 2016). The recommendation for
children ages 2–5 is still the same, at one hour of high quality programming a day, and for children age 6 and older, to use consistent limits on the time
spent

Personality Predictors Of Successful Development : Toddler...
1a) In the research article "Personality Predictors of Successful Development: Toddler Temperament and Adolescent Personality Traits Predict
Well–being and Career Stability in Middle Adulthood" by Marek BlatnГЅ, KatarГna MillovГЎ, Martin JelГnek, Terezie OseckГЎ. The problem that
these researchers identified was the relationship between personality and psychological functioning and well–being, or the relations between
personality and social functioning. The authors conducted this study mainly to determine whether ones' personality affects his/her satisfaction with
their quality of life in adulthood. They believe that personality traits play a major role in who/what you become in the future and they wanted to see if
they could predict it. If yes, they wanted to know how early? – As early as childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. 2b) The authors provided the
reader a lot of information on the topic. Each topic was very well explored. A lot of different information on different but similar studies. The authors
seemed very knowledgeable on the topic. This article lacked a few things. A clear research question and a hypothesis. The paragraphs were not clear
and consist, I felt that I had to dig to get certain information. The paper was very wordy, which made me have a hard time understanding the substance.
1c) They had so many different relations that were being tested, they did not really emphasize on one question. The two questions they seemed to be
more focused on

Defense Mechanisms Have A Negative Effect On Personality...
Hypothesis: Defense mechanisms have a negative effect on personality development. My Initial Hypothesis In life, we encounter situations that we
put ourselves in and then need a way to not place the blame where it should be. Like, failing a test and blaming the teacher when you know you
didn't study. Or, something happens to us that we aren't quite ready to accept. For example, not getting a passing grade then ignoring it and not taking
the proper steps like retaking it. By behaving as if you didn't fail the class and not retaking it while you have time can result in a possible additional
semester of school so you could graduate. This action represents defense mechanisms we may use to protect ourselves from. These reactions to... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course, this can become unsafe because there could be some medical needs that are not being met. Since defense mechanisms are unconscious,
it is safe to assume that they are a natural part of our development. In fact, denial is quite common in preschoolers and as we develop as do our
understanding of these defense mechanisms so we replace the old ones with new mechanisms (Cramer, 1999). As we advance the mechanisms we
use become more complex like going from denial to projection. Projection involved placing feelings about one situation on someone or something
also. This seems to be more complicated because they have to know that we cannot express ourselves inappropriately to the initial issue and find
somewhere else where it may be more acceptable. Like, your parents making you angry then, you being mean to your sibling even though it is not
warranted. While our ages increase and our defense mechanisms begin to adapt and the old defenses aren't used as much as mention earlier. We now
know that when the childhood methods lie, denial and projection linger past their time psychopathology can develop as time goes on (Cramer, 1999).
Identification tends to come after projection, which is after denial and it assists in helping to become more independent and help to find who you are
(Porerelli, Thomas, Hibbard, & Cogan, (1998). Separating yourself from your parents is a great part of life. Excepting and embracing the fact that you
are an

Growth And Development Of Personality Psychology
Corissa Beairsto Personality Psychology 321 09/1/2014 Growth and Development in Personality Psychology With the growing research in Psychology,
we find the question, "how did we get this way," more common in development across the lifespan. (Cervone & Parvin, 2013) Personality theorists are
looking more at this question, pushing to understand personality development even more. Two main challenges are faced while studying personality
development; the patterns of development consistent with what most people experience and the developmental factors which contribute to each
individual person. (Cervone & Parvin, 2013) Here we look at the latter of the two; what environmental experiences and genetic determinants contribute
to who you are? But also, will siblings have similar personalities based off those environmental and genetics factors that contribute to personality. In the
classic "nature vs. nurture" theory, both the environment and genetics play a role in the person you will become, including your personality. Nature
refers to the biological factors we inherit through our genetics and Nurture refers to the family and societal influences which both may reflect your
personality. (Cervone & Parvin, 2013) But, which specific factors are influential to our personality and sibling differences? Genetics plays a strong role
in individual differences between people. Take the classic example of a child's temperament, emotional and behavioral tendencies during childhood,
where these

Sigmund Freud 's Theory Of Personality, Cognitive...
Sigmund Freud; 1856– 1939, an Austrian doctor was one of the pioneers in studying the nature of personality, cognitive development, and infancy,
and also remarked how important the first years of the individual's life are for future development of the mentioned characteristics (Coon &
Mitterer, 2012). According to John W. Satrock behavior; as part of the psychoanalitic theories, is merely a surface characteristic and a true and
deep understanding of development is require to analize the symbolic meaning of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind, and as an
example, how early experiences with parents extensively shape development in diferent areas (Santrock, 2011). Doctor Freud believed that all
thoughts, emotions, and actions, are determined. In other words, nothing is an accident: If we probe deeply enough we will find the causes of
every thought or action. He also believed that unconscious processes (not external stimuli) were responsible. In addition, Freud theorized that the
core of personality is formed before age 6 and a series of psychosexual stages, and believed that erotic urges in childhood have lasting effects on
development (Coon & Mitterer, 2012) Then, Freud formed five psychosexual stages; the oral, anal, latency, and genital. At each stage a different part
of the body becomes a child's primary erogenous zone, and each area serves a main source of pleasure, frustration, and self–expression. He assumed
that many adult personality traits might be

Compare And Contrast Erikson's Theories Of Personality...
1Introduction
Personality is distinctive behavioral pattern and a set of characteristics originating within a person. It is dynamic characteristics that is influenced by
genetic and other environmental process. Personality is often described by many, nevertheless, not every person fully understands the scientific
explanation. Many people often confuse personality with behavior. However, the two are distinct in nature. Personality is taken to be what we are
while behavior is what we do. We cannot change what we are but we can change what we do. It is a person's unique personality that shapes an
individual into the person they are while interacting with their environment.
It is also commonly explained that personality is a pattern of thought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Erikson stated that the ego is a powerful part of personality which is functional independently. This approach of Erickson is later on expressed by
many as the ego psychology. Unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development is continuous across the life time. Furthermore, Erikson
(1950) explained personality development in eight stages through which a healthy individual passes.
In this paper a detailed explanation of Freud's psychoanalytical theory along with topographic and structural model will be provided. Also, a
comprehensive explanation of Erikson's theory of personality development along with the eight stages will be given. Finally, a compression and
contrast of Freud's and Erikson's theory will be stated in the last section of the write–up.
Freud (1989) psychoanalytic theory of personality states that personality development relays on the relationship between the environment and instinct
in the first five to six years of childhood. Freud further add that parent child relationship as being crucial for an individual to have a normal or
abnormal development. Psychosexual theory explains personality develops through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure seeking
energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy or libido was described as the driving force behind the
development of

Literature Supports ChildrenвЂ™s Personality Development
Personality development is the development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive (Laberge, 2006).
Adults, especially parents and teachers, are principal components of these environments and therefore play a powerful role in helping or hindering
children in their personality and cognitive development (Morrison, 2007, p. 99). According to Erikson (2007), children's personalities and social skills
grow and develop within the context of society and in response to society's demands, expectations, values, and social institutions, such as families,
schools, and other child care programs (pp. 98–99). Children personality does not occur over night. They learn and experience new things in life and
how... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
181). Literature can help children develop positive self–concepts through content and also through activities, which may follow the sharing of a book
(Giorgis et al., 2009, p. 179). A child's personality development is part of who they are and who they can become; therefore, selecting the right
book for a certain child could help the child deal with a problem or situation they are dealing with at that exact moment. The New Baby written by
Cyndy Szekeres is a story that has a concept that relates to all four stages. This story contains content that help adults and babies bond and share
quality time. Reading to a baby does not require much, just hearing the soothing voices of an adult can help increase the trust in a child. The natural
sounds and patterns of speech can help the infant in their language development. The story also contains events in the story, in which Tiny Mouse is
learning how to adapt to his surroundings. Things are changing in his home with a new baby, for example no one has time to get his clothes or feed
him his breakfast. He has to adjust to being a big brother now. Through this ordeal, Tiny Mouse learns how to become independent and help himself
achieve the unknown. He learns to help with the baby, choose a book for himself, and help pull a wagon. He is learning to build his self–esteem and
learning to be

What Are The Four Stages Of Lifespan Development And...
Lifespan Development and Personality
Luis Cervantes
PSY/103
January 11, 2016
Susanne Nishino
Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major
stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early
childhood 1–6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growth development.
The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual
development, and infant's overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cognitive development in stage two of lifespan development correlates to shifts in infant's thinking, reasoning, and use of language, problem solving,
and learning. A child's linguistic abilities develop swiftly around three years old. Then take into account by four years old, most toddlers are verbal
intellectuals speaking in their native tongue proficiently (Dyer J., 2002a. pp. 87–92).
Psychologist Jean Piaget developed the Piaget's theory around the late 1920's and early 1930's. Piaget's theory implies that cognitive growth advances
in different stages, influenced by an instinctive need to know basis. The four stages of Piaget's theory are, sensorimotor (birth to about two years old),
preoperational (average two to seven years old), concrete operational (seven to eleven years old), and formal operational stage (eleven to undetermined
years old).
The sensorimotor stage infants develop their schemas through sensory and motor activities. Followed by the preoperational stage where children begin
to think symbolically using words, to represent concepts. Next concrete operational stage children display many important thinking skills, like ability
to think logically. Finally, formal operational stage young adolescences formulate their operations by abstract and hypothetical thinking. Piaget's theory
provides ample and insightful perspectives, so it remains the central factor of contemporary

The Development Of A Sociopathic Personality Disorder Essay
The development of a sociopathic personality disorder is influenced by several elements. These factors largely are attributed to a person's genetics
and the environment. At large, there is not a significant amount known about what exactly makes a person a sociopath; however, there are several
factors linked in our genes that can help identify what may contribute to the mental disorder. By no means is there a strict formula that we can follow
that with one hundred percent certainty determines whether someone will end up a homicidal maniac or not. However, we can partially diagnose
why and how this disorder comes to be. Sociopaths make up approximately three to five percent of the general population; meaning about three out of
one hundred, people are likely to have sociopathic traits. While genetics may aid in identifying a persons' potential for developing a mental illness, the
environment around said person plays its own role. Firstly, let us look at what exactly a sociopath is defined as. Sociopath by definition is an antisocial
personality disorder (APD), it is also known as psychopathy. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the
American Psychiatric Association (DSM–5), an antisocial personality disorder is "a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of
others occurring since the age of 15." Three of the following traits must also be identifiable in these people; failure to conform to social norms, fail

Explain The Five Factor Theory Of Personality Development
Introduction
Describe the five (5) factor theory of personality development. Discuss its relevant to today's society.
As it became evident to many psychologists that, mathematically, combinations of five factors were useful in describing personality, there was a need
to clearly define what these factors were. Indeed, this process led to some dissent in the ranks. One dissenter from the five–factor theorists was
renowned psychologist H. J. Eysenck. Eysenck felt that, due to overlaps in the five factors and their correlates, in fact a three–factor model was more
appropriate and accurate. His theory is called the PEN model (which stand for psychoticism, extroversion, neuroticism) (Eysenck, 1991), or sometimes
is even shortened to the two factor E–IN model (extroversion–introversion, neuroticism) (Eysenck, 1991). According to Eysenck, "Factor analysis has
improved the situa–tion...but the problem of naming factors is of course still with us" (Eysenck, 1991, p. 775).
Many psychologists support Eysenck's PEN model. However, of the major "factor–analytic mod–els...the Big Five dominates the landscape of current
psychological research" (Ewen, 1998, p. 141). Through extensive debating and experimenting, there is currently a general consensus in the realms of
scholarly psychology as to the identity of the five factors, and their basic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many societies spend inordinate time and energy attempting to make their citizens more conscientious. People are punished and re–warded in order to
facilitate greater conscientiousness. Also, people who are more conscientious tend to grease the skids of social intercourse and social functioning–they
make society work bet–ter for others by simply being conscientious. There is no more compelling personality trait domain for studying the interface
between the individual and

The Five Stages Of Personality Development
Stages of Personality Development
Why Personality Development is Necessary?
The personality of a person can be defined by their individuality, behaviors, opinion, and thoughts. All these aspects begin budding during childhood,
and are strengthened and molded as an individual grows into adulthood. Have you ever imagined why a few people have plenty of friends while
others do not? Or why others can effortlessly settle in to any communal gathering while others cannot? The difference lies due to the kind of
personality these people have. While some individuals have a very likeable personality, some are rather intimidating and complex which causes others
to avoid them.
There are different stages of personality. Over the course of time, you will pass through various stages in order to become aperson of pleasing
personality. According to Erikson theory the personality of a person continues to be molded throughout the entire lifespan right from birth till death. He
has divided this period into eight stages. Each phase has its distinguishing features marked by emotional crisis, culture of the person and his
communication with the society.
Below mentioned are the 5 Stages of Personality Development:–
1.Oral Stage (0 – 1.5 years of age)
Oral stage lasts from zero to one–and–a–half years. During this time mouth is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The youngsters, during this intermediary process from childhood to maturity, perform something like an adult and sometimes like a child. Parents too
demonstrate their ambivalence to believe them in their new role of an adult in–the–making. This phase exhibits all the psycho–social individuality of
previous stage and only towards the end, all these obtain determined into a new set of role for the teenager. In order to develop an individual identity, he
becomes admirer of some hero, starts following certain ideologies, and tries his luck with opposite

The Theory Of Personality Development Essay
Have you ever looked around and wonder what makes people, people? Why do they act the way that they or why do they respond to times the way
that they do? Personalities, everyone has a different personality. Personality development are the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that
set you apart from another individual. Many of the theories revolve around that personality is something that begins when you are an infant. Adult
personality traits are one of the personalities believed to be based off of infant temperament. That means that their personality traits begin to differ
early on in life. Some believe that it is even before language. They held the same perspective but that personality is stable by the end of
adolescence. But by the early 1900s, William James' asserted that adults by age 30, their personality is "set like plaster". In order to prove some of
these theories are correct they created what is called The Five Factor Model. It is meant to help map childhood temperament. It is supposing to prove
that individual differences in levels of the "Big Five" personality traits are present from young age. The Big five personality traits was the model to
comprehend the relationship between personality and academic behaviors. The model is based on common language keys of personality. These keys
are grouped together using a technique called factor analysis. This widely examined theory suggests five broad dimensions used by some psychologists
to describe the human

Personality and Development
Personality and development At the age of six I had a lot of problems with both my parents and teachers. Earlier on I had intimated to my father my
desire to one day pursue a career in professional football. Despite the fact that he never expressed open opposition to this, it appears to me that he
intimated this issue to my mom who had reservations against this. My mom impressed on me the need for pursuing a career in medical profession in
future. I was, however, adamant, to buy this. My mother reported this to my teachers who talked me against pursuing a career in professional football
in future. Because of the pressure that was exerted on me, I relented. The memory of the event that happened when I was six years may be completely
true because at that stage in life a child is expected to have begun to understand information entering its sense. Besides, they have the ability to interact
with the world. He can manipulate objects and understand the permanency of these objects even if they are not within his/her current sensory
perception. When these objects are removed from his or her view s/he can understand that the object still exists. A child at this stage has the ability to
understand that an object continues to exist hence, with regard to his/her mom, an increased sense of safety and security (Erikson, 1968). At this age a
child is also expected to have developed a capacity to interact with the environment in a more complex manner through the words and images.

Summary Of Erikson's Stages Of Personality Development
Erik Erikson's stages of personality development focuses mainly on the external factors that influence an individual's personality. The students at
Charleston High School represent the fifth stage of personality develop which outlines the development of identity or role confusion (Cherry, 2016). As
shown in the film, many of the students at Charleston High School seem to be going through role confusion. The environment in Charleston has taught
the students that whites and blacks are meant to be separated however personally, many of them do not feel the need to because they have grown
intimate with each other after being together for so long. Nonetheless, they fear if they do not follow the norm, they will be seen as outsiders in their
society.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Learned Theory states that prejudice is not innate therefore it is learned through socialization (Haskings–Winner, Collishaw, Kritzer & Warecki,
2011). Glenn said, "Blacks have always taught blacks to hate whites and whites have always taught their kids to hate blacks, my daddy did it, my
granddaddy did it so I'm going to learn to do it and if you got hatred at home, you going to learn to be a hater too. Until the parents break the cycle to
their children, the children are going to pass it on to their children." (Aquino & Saltzman, 2009) This demonstrates that family was a prominent agent
of socialization in Glenn's life and racism was an evidently passed down. Family being the first agent of socialization teaches basic values, norms and
roles in society (Haskings–Winner, Collishaw, Kritzer & Warecki, 2011). According to Learned Theory, if individuals were not socialized to
discriminate, it would cease to exist. Glenn explains that discrimination is taught and that he is also teaching his daughter not to associate with
blacks solely because of his upbringing. He said, "I've tried grounding her, and taking her phone away [...]." (Aquino & Saltzman) By grounding
her, he is sanctioning her in order to end her relationship with Jeremy however it does not succeed signifying that racism is indeed learned. This is
because Glenn does not see himself as a racist, stating, "I'm not a racist, you can ask anyone around her [...]" (Aquino & Saltzman, 2009), thus he
must not display active racism to Heather which is why she does not hold the same ideals. His representation of himself can be explained by Charles
Cooley's Looking Glass Self which is defined as the way a person shapes themselves based on way others perceive them (Haskings–Winner, Collishaw,
Kritzer & Warecki, 2011). The people around Glenn do not perceive him as racist

Erikson's Theory Of Personality Development ( Phychosocial...
Erikson's Theory of Personality Development (psychosocial stages) Allison is in the third psychosocial stage of personality development, which
is initiative vs. guilt (McLeod, 2013). She has already surpassed the second stage, autonomy vs. shame, because Allison can already confidently
perform tasks on her own (Cherry, 2017). Allison takes initiative when doing things that she wants, especially when she is playing with teachers,
but when she is playing with a child who is more assertive, she will typically follow along with what that child wants. Emotions Towards the
beginning of the semester, Allison seemed to get upset much more easily. She often would become upset seemingly out of nowhere, and would
rarely say why. Sometimes she would say it is because she missed one or both parents. Once, on September 25, Allison abruptly started to cry
during small groups, and would not explain why. Earlier in the day, she would not eat snack, and she seemed to feel a lot better during lunch, so it
was deduced that the reason for her crying could have most likely been hunger. Other days, she would come into class with a grumpy or unhappy
look on her face, and it would take her some time to respond to questions from teachers or assistants. When her peers would take things from her,
accidentally hurt her, or do other things that could upset her, Allison would protest to them and then afterwards become sad and despondent. As the
semester progressed, Allison seemed to become upset less and less frequently. She rarely cried anymore. When other peers would do something that
previously would upset, she would protest, but afterwards continue playing, showing no signs of being affected emotionally. For example, when Yun
kept trying to take her shovel from her in the sandbox, Allison said, "Stop, Yun!" and continued to play, or moved over elsewhere. When coming to
school, Allison would be smiling more often than not, and she would respond to questions, either with smiles or verbal responses. She would
participate more during music time, and smile and sing along to songs. She also participated more when playing with others, both outside and inside,
and would laugh frequently while playing games. Allison is able to problem–solve

Analyzing Erikson's Eight Stages Of Personality Development
Erik Erikson believed that a person's personality developed through these eight stages. Trust Vs. Mistrust, Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative
Vs. Guilt, Industry Vs. Inferiority, Identity Vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy Vs. Isolation, Generativity Vs. Stagnation, and Integrity Vs. Despair. During
each stage will resolve negative or positive, with each outcome it will affect your ability to deal with the next one. According to Erik Erikson, you
must resolve positively before you can master another stage. For an example, if you fail to meet the first stage "Trust vs. Mistrust," than you will
possibly fail the subsequent stages. Now Erik Erikson focused on personality development but, Jean Piaget focused on cognitive development.
Cognitive development is a person's ability to think and give ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They develop a sense of understanding that objects outside themselves still exist even when they are not in reach of them. Say you have a piece of
candy in your right hand and you hide the piece of candy behind your back while your little sister is watching. Now watch as she progresses to find
the missing candy. If she is continuing to find the missing candy that is an example of "object permanence" which occurs in the sensorimotor stage. At
the preoperational stage (ages 2 through 7), the ability to use and interpret words and symbols. Around the age 2 children are not able to identify
an object by its name. Towards the end of this stage children are able to say the name of the object, draw a picture of the object, point to the object,
and understand what it all means. Concrete operational stage (ages 7 through 12) can think logically about some objects and events. For example,
you place two large pizzas side by side each other. One pizza has 8 slices and the other one has 12 slices. One appears to have more pizza than the other
one, but they are both still two large

Self Identity And Personality Development

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