4. Global Need to Focus on Air Quality
Widespread analysis indicates that urban air pollution in
Asia has and will continue to cause ill health.
Global estimates indicate that annually 220-570,000
deaths are associated to airborne particulate matter.
Other direct and indirect effects of
particulates and oxides of Carbon,
Nitrogen and Sulphur are affecting
the global environment.
Globally, a range of emissions limits
have been established.
5. Automobile Industry Growth
Estimates vary, but in 15 years the world's vehicle
population is expected to double from where it was in 2005.
1400
1200
1000
Million Vehicles
800 ROW
Japan
EU
600 US
400
200
0
2005 2010 2015 2020
6. Engine Oil Market Drivers
There are three main factors are affecting the
global engine oil market:
7. Global Lubrication Drivers
North America Europe Asia
EPA Driven EU Driven Country Specific
PCMO ILSAC, GF-4 ACEA: Strong 2-Wheeler
• Fuel Economy market
• Durability PC – A/B, C
• PCDO / PCMO Euro norms are a
HDD – API, CJ-4 • Durability common base..
• DPF focus. • Fuel Economy
• Durability API focused
HDD - E
• SCR and DPF Japan
• Durability GF-4, DL-1, DH-2
8. Global Lubrication Drivers
North America Europe Asia
EPA Driven EU Driven Country Specific
PCMO ILSAC, GF-4 ACEA: Strong 2-Wheeler
• Fuel Economy market
• Durability PC – A/B, C
• PCDO / PCMO Euro norms are a
HDD – API, CJ-4 • Durability common base..
• DPF focus. • Fuel Economy
• Durability API focused
HDD - E
• SCR and DPF Japan
• Durability GF-4, DL-1, DH-2
9. Global Lubrication Drivers
North America Europe Asia
EPA Driven EU Driven Country Specific
PCMO ILSAC, GF-4 ACEA: Strong 2-Wheeler
• Fuel Economy market
• Durability PC – A/B, C
• PCDO / PCMO Euro norms are a
HDD – API, CJ-4 • Durability common base..
• DPF focus. • Fuel Economy
• Durability API focused
HDD - E
• SCR and DPF Japan
• Durability GF-4, DL-1, DH-2
10. Asia - Legislation Introduction
Vietnam E1
Thailand E1 E2 E3 E4
Taipei
Sri Lanka
Singapore E1 E2
China E1 E2 E3 E4
Philippines E1
Nepal E1
Malaysia E1 E2
Indonesia E2
India E1 E2 E3 E4
Hong Kong E1 E2 E3
Cambodia
Bangladesh
Australia E2 E3 E4
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
11. Emissions
Impact of particulate emissions reduction
Mass of particulates possible
from a truck during its life
2000 kg
120 kg
Euro 1 Euro 4
13. Evolution of Hardware vs Emissions
Particulates
ENGINE DESIGN
Turbochargers &
Intercoolers
Fuel changes EURO I
De-NOx CAT EURO 2
Retarded injection, piston design changes
SCR EGR
EURO 3
OXICAT
EURO 4
CRT
AFTERTREATMENT NOx
14. Emissions
Impact on engine design
Typical design solution Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4
Gasoline Engine design PFI PFI PFI + GDI
Aftertreatment system TWC TWC TWC
Diesel Engine design IDI IDI + DI DI
Aftertreatment system - EGR EGR/DPF/SCR
KEY Engine design types Aftertreatment system types
PFI Port fuel injection gasoline TWC Three-way catalyst
GDI Direct injection gasoline EGR Exhaust gas recirculation
IDI Indirect injection diesel DPF Diesel particulate filter
DI Direct injection diesel SCR Selective catalytic reduction
15. How new engine oils evolve
• Changes in market requirements result in new engine oil
technology being developed
Environmental New engine designs
and market drivers and aftertreatment systems
Lead to
Which results in
Demand for higher quality lubricants to effectively lubricate
new engine designs and protect new aftertreatment systems
The requirements of which are defined
in new engine oil specifications and results in
The development of new engine oil technology
16. Emissions
• A mix of data is currently being published regarding
the impact of engine oils on aftertreatment devices
Aftertreatment device Fluid-related constraint
Ash Phosphorus Sulphur
Diesel Particulate Filter DPF X - -
Three-way Catalyst TWC - X -
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst DOC - X X
Lean NOx Catalyst LNC - - X
NOx Adsorber NOx - - X
Selective Catalytic
SCR - ? ?
Reduction
17. Impact of Elemental Restrictions
• Chemical composition ranges of Heavy Duty Diesel
lubricants
Sulphated Ash Phosphorus Sulphur
Pre Euro 1.8% 1100-1300ppm >5000ppm
(ACEA E3 or CCMC D5)
Typical Euro III 1.2% 1100-1300ppm >5000ppm
(ACEA E5)
Typical Euro IV
(ACEA E6) 1.0% <800ppm <3000pm
• To meet the severity needs of today’s engines - these restrictions
will have a major impact on lubricant formulation strategies
18. Exhaust After-Treatment Durability
Effect on Lubricant Formulations
The global industry has introduced new specifications, which have
stressed:
• Chemical limits for after-treatment durability.
• No reduction of engine performance with Low SAPS lubricants
Chemical limits will require new approaches to meeting wear,
oxidation and deposits:
• Application of new additive components
• Use of low sulphur base oils eg. Gp. II, Gp. III
19. Increased Complexity Throughout
the “Food Chain”
Pre-Euro Euro IV
Along with hardware – Engine specifications are
becoming increasingly complex
20. The Rise of Oil Development
Complexity
Test Cost (First Time Passes)
600
500
400
US$ (000)
300
200
100
0
1955 1983 1990 1994 1998 2002 2004 2006
CD CE CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4 CI-4+ PC-10
21. Implications of Low Emission
Developments
STU – Material Cost Break up
• If it is complex for us – what about
the end user who may see issues 17%
rather than benefits?
• Low emission engine technology 2%
will require more sophisticated
lubricants
• Lubricant costs will remain as a
minor segment to the end user
versus the value can they offer,
Durability, Fuel Economy, etc… 81%
• How do we demonstrate value to Fuel ( Diesel ) Lubricants Auto Spares
the End User?
Source: CIRT 2002-3
22. So what are some of the Benefits ?
• Fuel Economy
• CAFE
• Monetary savings
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions
• After-Treatment durability
• Maintenance / Durability
• Fuel Economy
23. So what are some of the Benefits ?
• Durability
• Maintenance / reliability
• Engine wear
• Engine deposits
• TBN depletion
• Bearing corrosion
• Motorcycle gear wear
• Engine cleanliness
24. So what are some of the Benefits ?
• Sludge / Soot control
CF-4 Chemistry CG-4 Chemistry CH-4 Chemistry
CF-4 30,000 mile drains, CG-4, CH-4 50,000 mile drains
26. Implications for Asian Market
Rate of introduction of new technology is increasing
Support is needed for more sophisticated hardware, software
and lubricants:
Increased vehicle costs, especially with the addition of
exhaust after-treatment devices
Durability and maintenance challenges of new hardware
The maintenance of higher performance engines / vehicles
may focus on OEM dealerships / service centers and change
conventional channels to market
Continuous up-gradation of lubricant quality levels
Increased need to focus on end user education
27. Summary
There is a both a focus and a need to improve air
quality globally.
Multiple and significant challenges exist to both
achieve and implement these improvements.
The value of lubricant technology should be
recognized in enabling these goals.
Thank you for your interest and attendance
