5 Discrimination-Disparity CJS/221 January 10, 2020 Discrimination-Disparity · Identify the 6 race categories. 1. White- Have origins in Europe, Middle East, or North Africa. 2. Black or African American- Have origins in Black racial groups of Africa. 3. American Indian and Alaska Native- From North and South America 4. Asian- Have origins in Far East, Southeast Asia, or Indian subcontinent which includes Central America. 5. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander- People who have origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. 6. Two or more races- These are people who are linked to two or more race categories. · Define the terms race, minority, and inclusion. Race: It refers to the groups of people with similarities in biological traits which are understood by the society to be significant and which sets them apart for a certain type of treatment or attitude from the other racial categories. Minority: This is a group of people who out of their either cultural or physical traits are isolated singled out from the other members of the society which results to them living or experiencing some inequality in treatment thus they regard themselves as subjects of collective discrimination. Inclusion: This is the act of being a part of a group or a cause despite there being significant differences such as racial affiliation or color of the skin. · Explain the difference between disparity and discrimination.  Discrimination is any kind of bias which may result to a contradiction of opportunity or the unfair treatment in the selection, promotion, or transfer. In many instances, discrimination occurs in ethnicity, sexual orientation, political beliefs, racial affiliation, as well as the age (McLeod, 2008). On the other hand, disparity is the difference which seems to be unfair to some of the people. It includes sexual disparities, economic disparities, and social disparities. In addition to this, disparity is obtained from the base word disparate, which is the dissimilarity in terms of value or quality. For this reason, disparity may be referred to as the differences which are present within a group. Examples of disparity include, when the decisions made favor the majority in the society such as the unemployed, when a certain gender is given average working hours whereas the other is not, and in an institutional setting where the various modes of punishment given are determined by the gender of the offender (McLeod, 2008). Disparity is different from discrimination in that disparity is an indication that the arising dissimilarities are due to circumstances rather than the negative perspective of other individuals who often intentionally separate the situation of a specific person or group from another. In view of this, discrimination is practiced with the intent as well as malice to alter the application of law to a certain individual may be because the individual who has authority does not favor the other person for specific r ...

1. 5
Discrimination-Disparity
CJS/221
January 10, 2020
Discrimination-Disparity
· Identify the 6 race categories.
1. White- Have origins in Europe, Middle East, or North Africa.
2. Black or African American- Have origins in Black racial
groups of Africa.
3. American Indian and Alaska Native- From North and South
America
4. Asian- Have origins in Far East, Southeast Asia, or Indian
subcontinent which includes Central America.
5. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander- People who have
origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
6. Two or more races- These are people who are linked to two
or more race categories.
· Define the terms race, minority, and inclusion.
Race: It refers to the groups of people with similarities in
biological traits which are understood by the society to be
significant and which sets them apart for a certain type of
treatment or attitude from the other racial categories.
Minority: This is a group of people who out of their either
cultural or physical traits are isolated singled out from the other
members of the society which results to them living or
experiencing some inequality in treatment thus they regard
themselves as subjects of collective discrimination.

2. Inclusion: This is the act of being a part of a group or a cause
despite there being significant differences such as racial
affiliation or color of the skin.
· Explain the difference between disparity and discrimination.
Discrimination is any kind of bias which may result to a
contradiction of opportunity or the unfair treatment in the
selection, promotion, or transfer. In many instances,
discrimination occurs in ethnicity, sexual orientation, political
beliefs, racial affiliation, as well as the age (McLeod, 2008). On
the other hand, disparity is the difference which seems to be
unfair to some of the people. It includes sexual disparities,
economic disparities, and social disparities. In addition to this,
disparity is obtained from the base word disparate, which is the
dissimilarity in terms of value or quality.
For this reason, disparity may be referred to as the differences
which are present within a group. Examples of disparity
include, when the decisions made favor the majority in the
society such as the unemployed, when a certain gender is given
average working hours whereas the other is not, and in an
institutional setting where the various modes of punishment
given are determined by the gender of the offender (McLeod,
2008). Disparity is different from discrimination in that
disparity is an indication that the arising dissimilarities are due
to circumstances rather than the negative perspective of other
individuals who often intentionally separate the situation of a
specific person or group from another.
In view of this, discrimination is practiced with the intent as
well as malice to alter the application of law to a certain
individual may be because the individual who has authority
does not favor the other person for specific reasons such as their
religion, sex, or racial affiliation. The issue about racial
discrimination is in some cases a result of certain government
statutes and acts which often result to the protection of the
interests of one category of people at the expense of the rest.
· Using the Discrimination-Disparity, provide a definition of at
least one type of discrimination and provide an example from a

3. criminal justice setting.
A form of discrimination described by the Continuum is
institutionalized Discrimination, which may be defined as the
ethnic and racial disparities which occur as a result of the
application of racially neutral factors such as employment
status, prior criminal records, or demeanor (“Disparity and
Discrimination,” 2014). This type of discrimination does not
directly relate to race but rather is caused by de facto practices
of discrimination. An example of this type of discrimination is
whereby individuals who are employed are granted bail whereas
those that are not employed are denied bail. By effect, this is a
discrimination against the poor members of the society.
· Explain the differences in bias, discrimination, stereotyping,
and cultural competency.
Bias is the inclination towards a certain group of people thus
people from one race are favored in various ways such as job
positions whereas the others are not. Prejudice is the unjustified
or incorrect attitude which is in many cases negative expressed
towards an individual based on their belonging to a certain
group such as the statement that “rich people are arrogant”.
Discrimination is thus the distinct treatment of a person or a
group of people which thus puts them at a disadvantage.
Stereotyping is the categorization of a person based on a
significant characteristic about them in an exaggerated manner
to make it worse. Cultural competence is the ability to foster
successful interactions as well as effective communication with
people from different races (“culturally competent?” 2017).
References
“Disparity and Discrimination”. (2014). Eximiuscribo.
Retrieved 23 January 2020, from
https://louai27.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/disparity-and-
discrimination/
McLeod, S. (2008). Simply Psychology: Prejudice and
Discrimination. Retrieved from

4. https://www.simplypsychology.org/prejudice.html
What does it mean to be “culturally competent?” | Make It Our
Business. (2017). Makeitourbusiness.ca. Retrieved 23 January
2020, from http://makeitourbusiness.ca/blog/what-does-it-mean-
be-culturally-competent