Prezentacija vitruvian
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Virtuelni muzej otkrića i alternativne istorije
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Prezentacija vitruvian
- 1. IZABERI JEDNA OD 8 VRATA IZABERI JEDNA OD 8 VRATA ili “Šta bi bilo, kad bi bilo” TESTZA PRONALAZAČE KURSIZ PRONALAZAŠTVAU ZNAKUBROJA8 A AKO SE IZGUBIŠ,A AKO SE IZGUBIŠ, PRATI VODIČA KOJI ĆE TE UVEK VRATITI OVDEPRATI VODIČA KOJI ĆE TE UVEK VRATITI OVDE DOBRO DOŠLI ALTENATIVNE PRONALAZAŠTVA U MUZEJ ISTORIJE Package MUZIČKA SOBA
- 2. Bojite kosu u crveno vodom u kojoj je rđa? Imate ideju da snimate misli preko mrežnjače oka? Ništa od ovog nije dobro. Nijedan pronalazač ne bi sebi dozvolio ovakve “bisere” Gurnuli biste sebi iglu u oko da ispitate prirodu vida? Razmišljate o bombi od amonijaka koja bi unosila smrad među neprijatelje? Verujete da će biti izmišljene naočari za gledanje u budućnost? Mislite da je hrana u zrnevlju izvor zla i da se nikako ne sme se jesti Verujete da ste bog i da možete preživeti skok u vulkansko grotlo? MALI TEST:DA LI STE DOVOLJNO OTKAČENI DA PROMENITE SVET I KOM TIPU PRIPADATE? (odaberi najbolju ideju) Mislite da je kalendar sa 13 meseci bolji?
- 3. Vi ste Isak Njutn, otkrili ste prirodu svetlosti, teoriju gravitacije i zakone kretanja NAZAD NA TEST Težite ka objedinjavanju teorija i baš vam se ne žuri da to obznanite. Njutn je na objavljivanje svog epohalnog dela “Principi matematike” čekao 30 godina. Ideja imate toliko da ujutro ne možete dva sata da ustanete iz kreveta, jer ne znate šta biste pre. Njutn je promenio svet. On je utemeljivač moderne fizike. “Bio sam kao dete na obali koje otkriva lepe školjke i glatke oblutke, dok se okean istine prostirao ispred mene” I.Njutn
- 4. Vi ste Rudolf Dizel, pronalazač dizel-motora NAZAD NA TEST Ovaj tip pronalazača je zasnovan na posvećivanju celog života jednom pronalasku. Dizel je promenio svet. Bez motora bi današnja civilizacija bila kao drevni narodi bez točka. “Automobilski motor će doći i to će ispuniti moje životno delo” R.Dizel
- 5. Vi ste Empedokle, otkrili ste da je Zemlja sfera i centrifugalnu silu, začeli ste ideje evolucije i hemije. NAZAD NA TEST Vaš tip pronalazaštva je “brainstorming”. Kombinujete delove problema i stvarate asocijacije Empedokle nije promenio svet, ali ponekad je dovoljno promeniti i sebe. “Priroda boga je da je on krug kojem je centar svuda, a kružnica nigde” Empedokle
- 6. Vi ste Nikola Tesla, čovek koji je naizmeničnom strujom i elektromagnetizmom “izmislio” 20.vek Vas pokreću vizija i inspiracija. Sposobnost mašte prati Teslu od detinjstva: mazeći mačku razmišlja o elektricitetu, šarajući štapom po zemlji vidi turbinu ... Tesla je mogao da promeni svet, ali na žalost, ovaj tip pronalazača ide toliko ispred svog vremena da njegove vizije tek čekaju potvrdu. NAZAD NA TEST“Neka budućnost kaže istinu i proceni svačiji rad i dostignuća. Sadašnjost pripada njima, a budućnost, za koju sam oduvek radio – je moja” N.Tesla
- 7. Vi ste Henri Ford, izumitelj pokretne trake i otac savremene automobilske industrije Vi ste dobar posmatrač. Kombinujete postojeće delove. Ujedno i dobro zarađujete. Bil Gejts je najbolji primer ove genijalnosti. Pronalazak pokretne trake je u vreme kada je otpočeo bio nezamisliv. Čaplin se izrugivao tome u “Modernim vremenima”, ali i industrijski roboti danas rade na isti način. NAZAD NA TEST“Idealista je osoba koja pomaže drugim ljudima da napreduju”H. Ford
- 8. Vi ste Pitagora, otac čuvene teoreme i jedan od najvećih matematičara starog veka Ovaj tip pronalazača oduševljen je jednom stvari, u Pitagorinom slučaju brojevima, odakle sve ostalo proizilazi. Danas znamo da Pitagorina teorema nije tačna na velikim udaljenostima, ali doprinos ovog grčkog matematičara u shvatanju da nauka nije odvojena od filozofije je danas neprocenjiv. NAZAD NA TEST“Ne pričaj po malo o mnogo stvari, već mnogo pričaj o malo stvari” Pitagora
- 9. Vi ne izmišljate novo, ali umete da prepoznate kako stvari učiniti praktičnijim, jeftinijim, jednostavnijim, elegantnijim Vi ste Džordž Istman, izumitelj “Kodak” kamere Istmanova inovacija je promenila svet tako što je nešto što se smatralo magijom i čudom tehnike postalo dostupno svima. NAZAD NA TEST“Vi pritisnete dugme, mi uradimo sve ostalo” Dž. Istman
- 10. Vi ste Tomas Edison, pronalazač sijalice i fonografa. Edisonov praktičan način razmišljanja Najbolje ilustruje anegdota u kojoj mladom pronalazaču koji želi da izmisli “super rastvarač za sve” postavlja pitanje: “A u čemu biste držali to čudo?” Edison je promenio svet. Metoda bezbrojnih pokušaja, naučnih timova i učenja iz grešaka prekinula je shvatanje naučnika kao usamljenog genija. “Od 500 pronalazaka, svega pedesetak nađe primenu, a svega par njih je genijalno” T.Edison NAZAD NA TEST
- 11. Vi ste očigledno vi. ali iako je sumnja pokretač napretka, budite malo slobodniji u idejama. Ovakav način razmišljanja koji ne priznaje nikakve autoritete je čest kod naučnika: “Oprosti mi, Njutne! Pojmovi koje si ti stvorio i danas upravljaju našim mišljenjem, ali mi već danas znamo da je, za bolje razumevanje povezanosti sveta, tvoje pojmove potrebno zameniti drugima” Albert Ajnštajn Ko zna, možda baš vi promenite svet? (Upisati svoju omiljenu misao) I potpisati se NAZAD NA TEST
- 12. 8/2 SAVETA ZA PRONALAZAČE KOJI SE KRIJU IZA “GOSPOĐE VELIKE IDEJE” ISTRAŽUJTE Mesta gde budućnost već postoji. Budućnost je uvek tu, ali nije ravnomerno raspoređena. ČITAJTE Sve, ali naročito naučnu fantastiku. Mašta je važnija od znanja, rekao je Ajnštajn BUDITE HRABRI Čak i najčudnija ideja imaće sledbenike, a najbolja ideja će delovati kao najneverovatnija RAZMIŠLJAJTE O upotrebi, nameni, svrsi, a ne o tome da li liči ili ne liči na postojeća rešenja.
- 13. PRONALASCI NASTAJU ZBOG POTREBA ČOVEKA ALI POTREBE SU ODUVEK MNOGO VEĆE ... OD LJUDI.
- 14. IZUMA KOJI SU SE PRVO POJAVILI U KNJIZI I FILMU Beba iz epruvete Mobilni telefon i ajpod Video konferncija Roboti Video nadzor Internet je predvideo Mark Tven u knjizi “Iz London Tajmsa 1804” (još 1898) Skrinsejver se pojavljuje još 1961. u Hajnlajnovoj knjizi “Stranac u stranoj zemlji”.
- 15. 1947. Barden, Bretejn i Šokli pronalaze tranzistor 1944. Na Harvardu Aiken i Hoper na osnovu Tjuringovih otkrića binarnog kodiranja konstruišu MARK 1 1951. UNIVAC – prvi komercijalni kompjuter 1962. Prva video igra 1964. Daglas Engelbartov pronalazak miša 1971. IBM proizvodi prvi flopi disk 1979. Prvi word procesori teksta 1981. Prvi PC PRONALAZAK KOMPJUTERA JE DUG PUT USAVRŠAVANJA KOJI NE PRESTAJE, A OVDE GA PRIKAZUJEMO U 8 KORAKA
- 16. 8 PRONALAZAKA KOJI BI MOGLI DA PROMENE SVET
- 17. KOMPJUTER – sveznajuća mašina TELESKOP I MIKROSKOP – svevideće oči RADIO – čarobni glasTOUCHSCREEN i DALJINSKO UPRAVLJANJE – svemoćna ruka PRESAĐIVANJE SRCA – čudesno izlečenje NOVI MATERIJALI – neprobojna koža TRANSPORT – “čizme od 7 milja” INOVACIJA TELA IZ BAJKE “Jeste li svesni snage koliku može imati jedan čovek?” F.M.Dostojevski
- 18. SLUČAJNIH PRONALAZAKA 1939. godine Gudjir je slučajno spustio na ringlu sumpor i gumu ... I otkrio vulkanizaciju. Njutnu je jabuka pala na glavu, a Semjuel Braun je gledajući paučinu pomislio na viseći most. Janson je proveravao izbruženost dva sočiva. Gledao je jedno drugim ... I detalji crkve u daljini bili su vidljivi. Mendeljejev je sanjao periodni sistem, a Oven Ričardson je slučajno prosuo vodonik peroksid na guščije pero ... I ... Plavuše, recite hvala. Otkriće penicilina je rezultat lenjosti da se očisti sto, a Dekart je koordinatni sistem smislio kada je gledao muvu u ćošku sobe. Bilo mu je veoma dosadno, ali ije gledao belo.
- 19. 1 Kultivacija (rast) useva. Ljudi više nisu morali da prate hranu, već da je proizvode To je bilo toliko važno da je stvorilo poljoprivredne alatke koriste i potrebu za kalendarom 2 Pripitomljavanje životinja. Ljudi su mogli da jedu, prodaju ili trguju životinjama. 3 Stalni gradovi i kuće - ljudi su ostali na jednom mestu. Ove kuće su uvek u blizini vode! Ako posmatramo tačke 1, 2, i 3 vidimo da ljudi sada mogu da dobiju hranu, vodu, i sklonište. 4 Ekonomska dostignuća – trgovina i novac, Ljudi mogu trgovati ili zameniti robu za stvari koje nisu imali. U početku, ljudi su to uradili da pomognu zadovoljenje svojih osnovnih potreba, ali kako se civilizacija razvija , tako se i ljudske potrebe usložnjavaju 5 Visok nivo umetnosti: Statue, skulpture i nakit. Ljudi stvaraju ono što ono štopredstavlja njih i njihovo društvo 6 Organizovano društvo: Ljudi stvaraju vlade, pravila i zakone. Razmislite o tome kako bi naš svet izgledao bez pravila. Specijalizacija je takođe u razvoju. To znači da svi ljudi više ne rade isti posao, već da je svaka osoba specijalista jednog posla. 7 Intelektualna dostignuca: Ljudi imaju sposobnost da napišu i komuniciraju, vode evidenciju Pisanje je pomoglo da pratite trgovinu i poslovne ponude. Ljudi povećavaju komunikaciju između sebe i drugih. To ohrabruje podelu ideja. 8 Napredak u tehnologiji.Novi napredak su napravili pronalasci kao što je točak (metalni, za navodnjavanje, automobili...) ZNAKOVA CIVILIZACIJE I NAPRETKA
- 21. ISTOČNI PAVILJON Kineski znak za budućnost Drevna mudrost Indije, Kine, Arapa – gotovo je legendarna. Nula je nastala da bi se izračunalo koliko dugo živi bog Brama u Hindu mitologiji. Nezamislivi broj od 32 triliona godina elegantno je predstavljen kao decimalno 9.8 x 1021 sekundi u vreme kad se stari Rimljani nisu bavili brojevima koji su veći od broja vojnika njihovih legija. Veliki brodovi, geografske karte, štampa, barut – pronalasci su koji su Evropi dali zamah u osvajanju sveta. Zašto sve to nije Kini dalo zamah 500 godina ranije?
- 22. Arapska medicina, astronomija, matematika (algebra je arapska reč), ujedinjena sa kineskom tehnologijom i indijskim drevnim znanjima stvorili bi sasvim drugačiji svet. Možda bi Kina kolonizovala Australiju, a transplantacija srca bi se prvo uradila na Bagdadskom medicinskom fakultetu. Zašto se to nije desilo?
- 23. ARABESKA IIako su Arapi prvi izmislili princip fotografije (Alhazanova proučavanja duge i ogledala), priča nije nimalo svetla. Car Ši Huangdi 221. godine ubija 400 najvećih naučnika i spaljuje ih zajedno sa njihovim knjigama da bi obezbedio modernizaciju (?!). Kada je muslimanska armija osvojila Aleksandriju 642. godine nakon što je porazila vizantijsku vojsku u bici kod Heliopolisa, komandant je upitao kalifa Umara šta da rade sa bibliotekom, odnosno sa knjigama. On je dao čuveni odgovor: "One ili su u suprotnosti sa Kuranom, što znači da su jeres, ili se slažu sa njim, što znači da su suvišne.."
- 24. PAX ROMANA Gladijatorske igre robota? Baterija od 1,5 V u VII veku? Kada dotakneš travu, pazi da ne uznemiriš zvezdu
- 25. Umesto da završi kao pretpostavka, zamislimo da su Rimljani pronašli tehnologiju „bagdadske baterije“ u 7. veku ili da je rimski vojnik Marselisove legije koja je 212. godine prepoznao Arhimeda, nije ga ubio, a ovaj nastavio svoj rad na “zracima smrti” za Rimsko carstvo. Šta bi moglo da se desi?
- 26. Najveća razlika između grčke i rimske civilizacije bila je u shvatanju značaja nauke. Grci su nauku posmatrali kao sastavni deo filozofije i umetnosti, a Rimljani u njoj videli samo praktičan i vojni značaj. Grci su ili idealisti zagledani u budućnost, a Rimljani hedonisti, kojima je bila važna samo sadašnjost. I pored velikih osvajanja, drevni Rim je propustio veliki broj prilika da dođe u posed tehnologije i znanja koja su mogla da promene tadašnji i današnji svet. Zamislimo da su Rimski imperatori shvatii značaj filozofije, geometrije, astronomije, matematike i primenili ga malo šire od građenja akvadukta i ratnih mašina. Zamislite svet u kojem je sve ubrzano, ali krajnji cilj nije poboljšanje života, već osvajanje sveta.
- 27. Mehanička ruka u kozmetičkom salonu ulepšava mladu Rimljanku. ALTERATIVNA ISTORIJA RIMSKOG CARSTVA 324 – Otkriven rukopis u kojem Arhimed otkriva barut, što dovodi do inovacije u oružju sa sabijenim vazduhom. 339 – Prva verzija arkebuze, primitivne puške. 360-369 – Slučajni alhemičarski eksperiment dovodi do stvaranja raketnog goriva na bazi baruta. 710 – Klatno ... 781 – Džepni sat ... 793 – Galerijev termometar ... 900 – Uvođenje slova U umesto V ...1108 – Telescopium ... 1109 – Microscopium ... 1128 – Deviatio corectio (kompas) Počelo je sa oružjem, a oružje je uticalo na nauku i kulturu
- 28. SLUČAJ LEONARDO Zamislimo srednjovekovnog čoveka koji vidi automobil i avion, čuje radio ili ne namiriše toalet. Da li bi jedan slučajan pad maslinke na glavu Leonarda da Vinčija na jednoj toskanskoj terasi mogao da promeni svet. 200 godina pre Njutna otkrivena je tajna gravitacije, a pokušaji da se stvori perpetuum mobile dale su antigravitacionu mašinu. Zvuči neverovatno, ali takav bi bio i naš svet.
- 29. Svet koji je i za nas budućnost zasnovan je na renesansnim idejama i dizajnu. Ideje pre vremena bile su i Leonardov ornitopter i imaginarni brojevi Kardana, ali helikopter i mp3 zapis zvuka, zasnovani na ovim idejama, kasnili su pola milenijuma. Džordž Kejli je 1799. dizajnirao avion istih aerodinamičnih osobina kao savremeni, ali nije imao motor. Faradej je 1821. otkrio električni motor, ali tada niko u tome nije video korist. A šta reći za Tomasa Bejtsa kome su se iste godine smejali zbog teorije verovatnoće? Šta bi bilo da su se sreća, slučajnost, ideja, vizija i inovacija spojile ranije, u Leonardovom 15. veku?
- 31. Zamislite svet u kojem su umesto prljavištine kuće imaju “vacus abstergeo” (usisivač), ili “refrigidus”(frižider). Ipak, zbog prerane industrijalizacije, malo ledeno doba u periodu 1650-1850. ostavilo bi veće posledice od onih koje su nama danas neprimetne.
- 32. San čoveka da poleti dobio bi mnogo drugačije ostvarenje od onog koje je i Leonardo imao na umu kada je konstruisao svoje leteće mašine.
- 33. Što se renesansnog duha tiče, budućnost bi ipak imala mere ljudskosti. Čuvene proporcije Vitruvijanskog čoveka koje se poistovećuju sa Leonardom, a prikazuju slavnog rimskog arhitektu i pronalazača, bile bi uzor, koje bi onemogućile građenje naselja u kojima se čovek oseća teskobno.
- 34. IZLOŽBENI SALON NEOBIČNIH OBLIKA POZNATIH PRONALAZAKA “RADIOFONICA” Zvučnik iz 1511.
- 35. NOVI NEOLIT Šta bi se desilo kada bi se čovečanstvo u budućnosti, suočeno sa drastičnim klimatskim promenama, ili razoreno nuklearnom katastrofom, padom meteora ... Posle čega se broj stanovnika prepolovljuje i nestaje sva tehnologija – našlo u kamenom dobu, ali sa sadašnjim znanjem. Treba izgraditi civilizaciju iz početka, ali kako? Uz pomoć kojih alatki, kad metala, struje, mašina – nema. Pismeni smo, ali nemamo zapisa. Tek kada sve nestane, počinjemo da shvatamo vrednost svakodnevno odomaćenih pronalazaka. Bez lekova i medicinske opreme još više ljudi bi stradalo. Travari, udruženi sa usmenim znanjem farmaceuta i lekara, bili bi od najveće vrednosti. Gradovi se napuštaju. Poljoprivreda počinje od nule. Drvene alatke, grubo obrađeni kamen, veština paljenja vatre, raspoznavanje semena. Nova naselja niču uz vodu, pod uslovom da nije zagađena. Popili biste mleko? Počinjete da shvatate važnost frižidera, ambalaže, aparata za mužu, pasterizacije. Umesto svega toga, stočari postaju veoma važni, za razliku od političara i bankara.
- 36. Neki pronalasci bi vrlo brzo bili “osvojeni”, bez lutanja. Velosiped sa velikim točkom ne bi nikada bio izmišljen. Umetnost ne bi počinjala od početka.
- 37. Gradite kuću, pošto ste zidar. Međutim, nedostaju vam čekrk, konopac, alatke. Zahvaljujući sačuvanim znanjima matematike, lako se “pronalaze” visak, metar, poluga, površina, konstrukcija kruga ... stvari do kojih ljudi nisu tako brzo došli u “realnom vremenu”
- 38. Svet u kome nema puteva i prevoznih sredstava. Zahvaljujući sačuvanim znanjima, preskačemo 1000 godina i imamo konjsku zapregu. Metal je i dalje veliki problem, jer kovačka veština je zbog industrijalizacije već zaboravljena. Higijena nam je poznata. Veštine pravljenja sapuna, važnost čuvanja od bakterija, potreba građenja septičkih jama, navika korišćenja pribora za jelo, stola ... Sve to ubrzava naš povratak u civilizaciju za milenijum ipo. Sapun i otkriće doktora Semelvajsa o pranju ruku pre porođaja su izumi 19. veka. Isto važi i za vakcinaciju.
- 39. Nema kompjutera i štamparije. Kako beležiti znanje? Papir bi već naredna generacija mogla da pravi, ali kako deci koja nikada nisu videla žicu objasniti internet? Možda bi do dostizanja sadašnje tehnologije sa mobilnim telefonima i satelitima moralo da prođe isto vremena kao i kada ništa nsmo znali o tome. Svi znamo za parnu mašinu i voz, ali generacijama novog neolita bi to ličilo na bajku.
- 42. DRUGI NOVI SVET
- 44. Da kalendar Maja nije bio tako precizan i u tesnoj vezi sa proročanstvima kraja sveta, španski konkistadori bi naišli na mnogo veći otpor, a ne pomirenost sa sudbinom. I pored dobrog poznavanja drevnih načina lečenja, princip vakcinacije Astecima nije bio poznat. Kortesovi vojnici ne bi tako lako osvojili dobro uvežbane i brojnije ratnike da ih nije pokosila epidemija boginja. Inke su pre dolaska osvajača imale viseće mostove, zavidno znanje obrade metala i dragog kamenja, sistem kanalizacije u gradu Kusko, puteve sa savršeno oblikovanim kamenim blokovima, a od oružja – palice i koplja. Pronalazak vatrenog oružja, iako loš, u ovom slučaju mogao je promeniti tok istorije.
- 45. Zamislite da Evropljani nisu prekinuli njihov način života ...
- 46. 1612. godine, posle pobede nad španskom krunom, dolaze u posed tehnologije, koja, udružena sa znanjem astronomije, stvara moćno carstvo. 1792. za vreme formiranja SAD, Montezuma V pomaže u tome i uspostavlja se linija razgraničenja po kojoj su Teksas i Luizijana u sastavu carstva Majainkaasteka. Čičen Ica je jedan od najcenjenijih univerziteta na svetu. 1943. zajednički rad na pravljenju atomske bombe zove se Menhetn-Miksko projekat. 1612. godine, posle pobede nad španskom krunom, dolaze u posed tehnologije, koja, udružena sa znanjem astronomije, stvara moćno carstvo. 1792. za vreme formiranja SAD, Montezuma V pomaže u tome i uspostavlja se linija razgraničenja po kojoj su Teksas i Luizijana u sastavu carstva Majainkaasteka. Čičen Ica je jedan od najcenjenijih univerziteta na svetu. 1943. zajednički rad na pravljenju atomske bombe zove se Menhetn-Miksko projekat.
- 47. HOROR SOBA PRONALAZAŠTVA Nauka je definisala giljotinu: Horizontalna ravan nekoliko stopa iznad zemlje, na koju su podignute dve upravne prave, razdvojene pravouglim trouglom koji se kroz krug spušta na loptu, koja potom ostaje odvojena sečicom (tangentom). Žil de Gonkur NAPRAVI NEŠTO TAKO JEDNOSTAVNO DA GA I IDIOT MOŽE KORISTITI, A ONDA SE NEMOJ ČUDITI ŠTO GA I KORISTI
- 48. PLANETA DISHRONIJA Jednom davno, u udaljenoj galaksiji, na planeti u binarnom zvezdanom sistemu, na kojem nikada nije bilo noći, jer jedna zvezda je uvek osvetljavala planetu, vladar Ahronos III rešio je da ukine pronalazače. Poslao je sve naučnike, mehaničare, pa čak i nastavnike koji su se time bavili iz hobija, na prisilni rad na obližnje planete, jer ipak nije želeo da ga galatička istorija pamti kao ubicu. „Ti pronalazači su baš naporni i uobraženi. Samo nešto izmišljaju i komplikuju nam život, umesto da uživamo u svetu koji su nam preci ostavili“ – reče imperator i protera sve pronalazače na obližnju pustu planetu Terapodiju. Posle godinu dana uživanja u raskalašnom životu bez nauke i predavanja, naredi slugama da donesu opojna jedinjenja kojim bi se to proslavilo. Sluge, unapređeni dishronosajborzi, samo su treptali led diodama. Nedavna magnetna oluja izazvala je kvar na komunikacijama, a sve to je bio nerešiv problem bez nekog ko se razume u funkcionisanje robota.
- 49. „Moraću sam“, pomisli Ahronos i siđe do kuhinje. Tamo je bio mrak. „Neka neko hitno reši ovaj problem“, vikao je, ali uzalud. Iz mraka se ipak oglasio njegov verni dvorski savetnik i rekao: „Veličanstvo, uzalud vam i svetlo, jer nestankom struje sva opojna jedinjenja su se ukiselila“. „Onda mi napravite novo!“ – uvređeno viknu vladar. „Na žalost, bez hemičara to niko ne zna, a sve ste ih proterali“. Besan, Ahronije od dvorjana zatraži laserski deatomizator kojim bi svog nevernog savetnika dezintegrisao za sva vremena. Drhtavim glasom, jedan sluga reče : „Nijedan deatomizator ne radi. Sve novine su, dok su elektronske štamparije još radile, pisale o slavlju mirovnih organizacija Dishronije koje su konačno uspele da dočekaju planetu bez oružja“. Ahronije planu: „I naravno, oružari su takođe pronalazači, pa više nema nade.
- 50. Skočiću sa prvog mosta!“ „Khm ... „ nakašlja se savetnik, „Znate, mostovi i putevi su prilično ošećeni i nebezbedni za prelaz, a inženjeri ...“ Ahronije je ćutao i slušao objašnjenja kako nema muzike bez rezonatorskih stručnjaka, filma bez operatera fotonske energije, pa čak ni jela, jer kuvari ne samo da nisu smeli da pronalaze nova jela, već su zaboravili i stara. „Dobro, pripremite atomski translineator da skoknem do tih rudnika i prevezem nekolicinu pronalazačkih gnjavatora koji će to sve popraviti“. Ali, već pogađate, bez mehaničara, to baš neće ići tako lako. U stvari, neće ići nikako.
- 51. „Priznajem, pogrešio sam. Šta sada?“ Svi su ćutali i gledali u nebo koje je bio prekriveno čudnim naoružanim brodovima. Činilo se da dolaze iz pravca Terapodije, ali to niko nije video bez teleskopskog tubusa i zvezdanog planiskopa, niti javio telekomunikatorom. Terapodija je bila pusta planeta prognanih rudara, ali torijum udružen sa doseljenicima koji imaju znanje i ideje, napravio je čuda. Ahronije je shvatio. „Čak i ako kojim čudom ostanem na vlasti posle ovoga, više neće imati ko ni da mi sašije carsku odoru, sagradi dvor i izleči me kada se razbolim. Koliko li mi je samo ostalo vremena?“ Ali na to pitanje nikada neće dobiti odgovor, jer na planeti sa dve zvezde, računanje vremena bez satova tražilo je baš inovativne pronalazače. Upravo one koji su se približavali planeti i spremali se da pišu novu istoriju. Pišu? Ahronije je sada bo miran. To je pronalazak koji je najviše mrzeo i koji ga je najvše nervirao tokom svih 1500 sektova duge zvezdane vladavine.
- 52. Nauka može biti i zanimljiva i opasna, ali zamislimo da je u našem svetu inkvizicija opstala. Kako bi to izgledalo: Teorije Gregora Mendela o nasleđivanju proglašavaju se potpunom besmislicom. Ljudi su božja kreacija i kombinacija duša roditelja. Karl Line i Darvin završavaju u logoru za “prevaspitavanje” ideja, jer čoveka i životinje stavljaju u istu klasifikaciju. Votskon i Krik nikada ne otkrivaju DNK, jer je opasno objaviti rezultate, a letova u svemir nema jer je to “carstvo božje”. Hemija ne postoji, jer atom dovodi u pitanje materiju kakvu poznajemo, a kakvu je Bog stvorio. Kakvo je to gvožđe koje se od papira razlikuje po nekim sitnim kuglicama. Naravno, mikroskop i teleskop ne postoje jer su to “đavolji izumi”. NAUKA SUVIŠE RANO ILI KASNO ...
- 53. Rimski radio
Editor's Notes
- Pictures series in film strip effect (Intermediate) Tip: Some shape effects on this slide are created with the Combine Shapes commands. To access this command, you must add it to the Quick Access Toolbar, located above the File tab. To customize the Quick Access Toolbar, do the following: Click the arrow next to the Quick Access Toolbar, and then under Customize Quick Access Toolbar click More Commands. In the PowerPoint Options dialog box, in the Choose commands from list, select All Commands. In the list of commands, click Combine Shapes, and then click Add. To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle. On the slide, drag to draw rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, enter 2.59” in the Height box and 9” in the Width box. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 31, Green: 20, and Blue: 13 In the Transparency box, enter 30%. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and in the Line Color pane click No outline. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle. On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 1.94” in the Height box and 2.88” in the Width box. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. Position the new rectangle over the dark gray rectangle, near but not touching the left edge. Select the new rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat the process once more for a total of three, smaller rectangles. Position one of the duplicate rectangles over the dark gray rectangle, near but not touching the right edge. Press and hold CTRL, and then select all three new rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Distribute Horizontally. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the rectangles in the following order: Select the dark gray rectangle Select the other three rectangles. Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Middle. With all four rectangles still selected, on the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Subtract. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, click Rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 0.21” in the Height box and 0.14” in the Width box. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. Select the new rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this step 22 times for a total of 24, smaller rectangles. Position one of the new rectangles over the gray rectangle, half over the left edge. Position another of the new rectangles over the gray rectangle, half over the right edge. Press and hold CTRL, and then select all of the newer, small rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Middle. Click Distribute Horizontally. With all 24 rectangles selected, on the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Union. Select the new shape. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Position a new shapes near the top edge of the gray rectangle. Position the other new shape near the bottom edge of the gray rectangle. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the shapes in the following order: Select the dark gray rectangle. Select both of the other two shapes. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes, and then click Shape Subtract. To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle. On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 1.94” in the Height box and 2.88” in the Width box. Select the new rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Picture or texture fill, and then do the following: Under Insert from, click File. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert. In the Transparency box, enter 15%. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, in the Line Color pane, click Solid line, and then do the following: Click the button next to color and click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 21, Green: 20, and Blue: 13. In the Transparency box, enter 30%. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Style in the left pane, and in the Line Style pane, in the Width box, enter 0.5 pt. Select the picture-filled rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process for a total of three rectangles. Select a duplicate picture-filled rectangles. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill, and then click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select another picture and then click Insert. Select the last duplicate picture-filled rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill, and then click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select another picture and then click Insert. Position the three picture-filled rectangles on top of the film strip and align with the rectangles with the holes in the gray rectangle. Press and hold CTRL + A. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group. Select the group. Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click More Rotation Options. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box, enter 355°. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane, in the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Perspective, click Perspective Right. To reproduce the second group of pictures, do the following: Select the first group of pictures. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Select the duplicate group of pictures. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box enter 8°. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, in the 3-D Format pane, under Surface, click the button next to Lighting, and then, under Neutral, click Balance. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane, in the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, and then click Perspective Relaxed Moderately. Select the first picture in the duplicate group. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, under Insert from, click File. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select another picture and then click Insert. Repeat this process for each of the pictures in the duplicate group. Position the first group toward the top of the slide, with the left side slightly off the left side of the slide. With the first group still selected, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Bring to Front. Position the second group toward the middle of the slide, with the right side slightly off the right side of the slide. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Style 6 (second row).
- Rotating tubes with text (Intermediate) To reproduce the first shape effect on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 0.75”. In the Shape Width box, enter 7.42”. Drag the rectangle above the middle of the slide, and then align the right edge with the right edge of the slide. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Direction list, select Linear Up (second row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until four stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fifth option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 26%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 80%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left). Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane. In the Line Color pane, select No line. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Outer click Offset Center, and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 60%. In the Size box, enter 102%. In the Blur box, enter 5 pt. In the Angle box, enter 0° In the Distance box, enter 0 pt. On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Select the second, duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Reflection, and then click No Reflection. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane. In the Fill pane, click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under No Shadow click No Shadow. On the slide, drag the second rectangle until it is directly on top of the first rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects. Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. To reproduce the first text effect on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter the first line of text on the slide, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Trebuchet MS. In the Font Size box, enter 26. Click Bold. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from the left) On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow, and then click Shadow Options. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Inner click Inside Diagonal Bottom Left (third row, first option from the left), and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 21%. In the Blur box, enter 5 pt. In the Angle box, enter 90°. In the Distance box, enter 4 pt. On the slide, drag the text box onto the second (top) rectangle. To animate the first shape and text effects on this slide, do the following: In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the third object in the list (the first rectangle you created). On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Float In. Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Float Down. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous. In the Duration box, enter 1.00 second. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second object in the list (the second rectangle you created). On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select After Previous. In the Duration box, enter 1.00 second. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first object in the list (text box). On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Wipe. Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click From Top. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous. In the Duration box, enter 1.00 second. To reproduce the other animated shapes and text on this slide, do the following: Press and hold CTRL, and then in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the two rectangles and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. With the second group of objects still selected on the slide, drag them under the first group of objects, aligning the right edge of the rectangles with the right edge of the slide. With the second group of objects still selected on the slide, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. With the third group of objects still selected on the slide, drag them under the second group of objects, aligning the right edge of the rectangles with the right edge of the slide. Click in the second and third duplicate text boxes and edit the text. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (fifth row, first option from the left). Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (fifth row, second option from the left).
- Spotlight on shaded background picture (Advanced) Tip: This effect is best used with a picture containing a center focal point. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Right-click the slide and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane. In the Fill pane, click Picture or texture fill, and then under Insert from, click File, select a picture, and then click Insert. To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle that fills the entire slide area. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, point to Gradient, and then click More Gradients. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 34%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (sixth row, second option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%. Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 35%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (sixth row, second option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 20%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, fifth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 75%. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then on the slide, drag to draw a circle. Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 4.4”. In the Shape Width box, enter 4.4”. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the 3-D Format pane: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Soft Round (second row, second option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 30 pt, and in the Height box, enter 15 pt. Click the button next to Bottom, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Bottom, in the Width box, enter 6 pt, and in the Height box, enter 6 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Translucent, click Clear (third option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Special, click Two Point (second option from the left). Select the circle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Middle. Click Align Center.
- Animated title moves behind picture (Intermediate) To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 3.17”. In the Shape Width box, enter 9.5”. Drag the rectangle slightly above the middle of the slide. Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Left. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Angle box, enter 0. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Darker 50% (fifth row, 10th option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Darker 25% (fourth row, 10th option from the left). To reproduce the “heading” text box on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, select Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter the heading text, and then select text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Calibri. In the Font Size box, enter 38. Click Bold. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Orange, Accent 6, Darker 25% (fourth row, 10th option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left. Drag the text box just above the rectangle, in the right half of the slide. To reproduce the second text box on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter three lines of text with paragraph breaks, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Calibri. In the Font Size list, select 28. Click Bold. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, do the following: On the Indents and Spacing tab, under General, select Left in the Alignment box. Under Spacing, select 12 in the After box. Drag the second text box onto the rectangle, below the “heading” text box. To reproduce the full-color picture on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 5.08” and the width is set to 2.61”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Glow and Soft Edges in the left pane, and then, in the Glow and Soft Edges pane, do the following: Under Glow, click the button next to Presets, and then click Blue, 5 pt glow Accent color 1 (first row, first option from the left). Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Drag the full-color picture on top of the rectangle, to the left of the text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Top. To reproduce the second picture on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select the same picture, and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 2.44” and the width is set to 2.61”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. On the slide, drag the new picture directly below the first one, and then, in the Format Picture dialog box, in the Crop tab, under Picture Position, adjust the Offset X and Offset Y settings to align the content of the two images so that they appear continuous. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, and in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and Contrast, do the following: In the Brightness box, enter 70%. In the Contrast box, enter -70%. Select the smaller picture. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Bottom. Press and hold CTRL, and then select both pictures. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects. Click Align Center. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the slide, select the “heading” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 2. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 1.5. On the slide, select the “heading” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Motion Paths click Lines. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 2. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Left. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Reverse Path Direction. On the slide, select the motion path for the “heading” text box, point to the starting point (green arrow) of the motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point about 1.5” off the left edge of the slide. (Note: If your lines of text are longer than in the example above, you may need to further increase the length of the motion path. ) On the slide, select the second text box. On the slide, select the “heading” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher. In the Fade dialog box, do the following: On the Effect tab, in the Animate text list, select By Letter. In the % delay between letters box, enter 5. On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select After Previous. In the Duration list, select 0.5 seconds (Very Fast). On the Text Animation tab, in the Group text list, select By 1st Level Paragraphs. To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: One the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 40%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 232, Green: 227, and Blue: 216.