Presentation slides shows the problems and health disorders due to Vitamin A deficiency, Sources, treatment and diagnostic method. Also about the factor affecting the utilization of Vitamin A.

1. A
presentation
on
Vitamin-A Deficiency
Prepared by:
Anil Subedi
Bedika Ghising
Bhuwan Raj Bhatta
Bibek Adhikari
Bijaya Tiwari
B.V.Sc & A.H 9th Semester
Paklihawa Campus, IAAS, TU, Nepal

2. Introduction:
• Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that is also a
powerful antioxidant.
• Vitamin A is an essential nutrient requirement
for vital functions in man and animals.
• Vitamin A plays a critical role in maintaining
healthy vision, neurological function, healthy
skin, and more.

3. Prolonged inadequate intake of Vitamin causes the
apparent signs like
Anorexia
Weight loss
Keratinization
Reduced secretion from mucus secreting glands
Nervous disorder
Reproductive inefficiency
Impairment of visions
Reduced resistance to infection and ultimate
death.

4. Sources:
• Vitamin A is found in two primary forms:
active Vitamin A and beta carotene.
• Some of the best sources of Vitamin A include
eggs, milk, liver, carrots, yellow or orange
vegetables such as squash, spinach, and other
leafy green vegetables.

6. Factors affecting the utilization of
Vitamin-A
 Environmental temperature
 Ration
 Inclement weather
 Hypothyroidism
 Hypophosphatemia
 Cathartic drug (paraffin)
 Nitrate and Nitrites
 Disease
 Carotinase
 Vitamin E

7. Deficiency:
1. Poor growth:
 Essential for growth of tissue.
 Deficient diet causes poor appetite and
emaciation in growing animals.

8. 2. Vision:
 There is impairment of vision.
 Change in eye may be primary or secondary.
A. Primary:
a) Conjuctival Xerosis: Dryness, Loss of transparency, thickening,
wrinkling, pigmentation, accumulation of debris.
b) Biot’s spot: Appears as small silver grey raised plague of
conjunctiva.
c) Corneal xerosis: Cornea turn hazy due to cellular infiltration
and assume bluish milky appearance.
d) Corneal ulceration: There is denudation of epithelial surface.
e) Keratomalacia : Softening of cornea due to coagulative
necrosis.

9. B) Secondary:
a) Night blindness: Less supply of vitamin A to
the rod cells of the retina causes an
impairment of dark adaption.
b) Xeropthalmia: Dry eye.
c) Corneal Scar: Healed of corneal ulcer,
keratomalacia may be taken over as scar.

10. 3. Compression of brain
4. Neurological disorder: Incoordination and
paralysis of skeletal muscles.
5. Bone formation: Decrease osteoblastic
activity and poor osteogenesis
6. Degenerative changes in alimentary,
respiratory and urinary tract epithelium.
7. Reproduction: Degenerative changes in testis
leading to impairment of spermatogenesis,
oogenesis in female is also impaired.
Reproduction failure in both sex.

11. Diagnosis:
a) History of diet
b) Clinical signs
c) Plasma and liver vitamin level can be
determined by
Ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry
Fluorimetry
Colorimetry

12. Treatment:
• Should be given high doses of Vitamin
parenterally.

13. Thank You!!!