The Pauline Epistles I Essay

The Pauline Epistles I Essay
Our source of knowledge of the apostolic work of Paul comes first from the Book of Acts. The
epistles written by Paul serve to further our knowledge of his mission. These letters were written to
churches that he had founded or churches that were known to him. Luke's account of Paul
introduces us to the basic facts about this important biblical figure. A more complete understanding
of Paul's journeys can be gleaned from his letters. These epistles were written almost at the time
they occurred and they comprise some of the earliest works contained in the New Testament. These
letters had already been written when Luke wrote the Book of Acts, but a close reading indicates
that they are independent of one another. Paul wrote letters to ... Show more content on
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It may explain why he mentions in Galatians 6.11, that he wrote in 'large letters'. It was perhaps a
reference used to prove that he wrote the letter and that it was not forged. Speculation points to a
physical ailment such as bad eyesight but that seems unlikely considering other scripture. PAUL'S
BACKGROUND An examination of the Pauline epistles should begin with an examination of the
author. Saul of Tarsus was a Jewish official a Pharisee. Saul was a persecutor of Christians and an
eyewitness to the stoning of Steven. "And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses
laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul." (Acts 7.58 King James
Version) He had a vision on the road to Damascus and was blinded. God sent Ananias to heal Saul
of his affliction. God also sent Paul a vision of Ananias to let him know that he would be healed.
Paul did not learn the Gospel from other men. He received his knowledge directly from Jesus. Paul
is developing and spreading the doctrine of the Church in his letters. The body of Christ (the
Church) is being revealed in his letters to the seven churches. Paul's revelations about the Church
concerned its heavenly calling, promise and destiny. The administration and organization of the
Church was revealed to us through the apostle Paul. ROMANS The Book of Romans was written
around 57–58 A.D. Paul was writing to the Church in Rome from Corinth. It had long been his
desire to go to Rome to
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Louis Berkof
Introduction of the New Testament Summary of introduction to the new testament Louis Berkof by
systematically addressing the origin of the Gospel and the Epistles of the New Testament, their
content, characteristics, authorship, composition, and canonical significance, Takes on the difficult
undertaking of ensuring that the New Testament is accurately understood within what he perceives
is the correct historical setting. Berkhof primarily intended this book for his students at Calvin
Theological Seminary where he taught for nearly 30 years. Introduction to the New Testament
incorporates the research and labors of many past scholars, and church Fathers, and presents it in
such a way as to make "Introduction to the New Testament" a diverse ... Show more content on
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In defending his point against those that deny that the gospel written by inspiration of God, Berkhof
flagrantly proclaims, "Over against this position we hold that the Gospels were written by men who
were inspired by the Holy Spirit, and that they are therefore absolutely trustworthy and authoritative
accounts of the life of our Lord." To defend his position Berkhof list but a few passages from
scriptures that support his position. As for those that admit the inspiration of the Old Testament
Prophets, but deny that the Apostles were inspired because they did not use the expression "Thus
Saith the Lord" or did not observe the characteristic phenomena that accompanied the inspiration of
the prophets, Berkhof gives three points in distinguishing the inspiration of the prophets from the
inspiration of the Apostles. o In the Old Testament the Holy Spirit took possession of the Prophets
sometime suppressing their personality, while in the New Testament the Holy Spirit aboded in the
Church and first the Apostle using them as instruments to produce His revelation. o For the Old
Testament Prophets the Holy Spirit was an external Power that impelled them to prophesy. While

The Relationship Between Christians And The Roman Empire
The relationship between Christians and the Roman Empire is complicated to say the least. Before
the summation of the primary sources begin there must be a little background information provided.
Rome was in power over a big portion of the Mediterranean region. A good portion of Christians
lived under Rome's rule. Rome was a very tolerant state when it came to religious flexibility. As
long as you recognized the Roman God's then they were tolerant with any other practices you
decided to have. The Christians would not recognize the Roman God's and that caused great friction.
There are many primary sources historians have found on the relationship between the Christians
and the Romans. The majority of the sources being used in this summation are from the Documents
of the Christian Church the fourth edition. Also three primary sources from the times of Constantine,
the emperor of Rome in the fourth century. The Romans start as thinking of the Christians as
criminals, to being tolerant with them, to eventually they embrace the Christian faith. According to
the sources the Christians were hated by the people of Rome. According to a source, that was
written by Tacitus in 64 AD, they were " a class hated for their abominations, who are commonly
called criminals......... an immense multitude was convicted, not so much on the charge of arson as
because of hatred of the human race." (Tacitus, Annales 1a). They were convicted of crimes due to
the fact that the Romans hated them. The

What Is The Purpose Of Romans 6: 1-14
The Epistles were not composed for the purpose of being freely applied to ones life in any way that
the person wishes. There is a specific meaning or lesson involved within each passage. Romans 6:1–
14 fits into the context of Paul speaking to the Romans on behalf of the division in the community;
along with him clarifying the gospel and how it should be lived out. This particular passage
specifically communicates the unity with Christ through His death and Resurrection. Along with
illustrating what the actions of dying and being resurrected with Christ look like in a person's life.
The identity Christians possess when they are reborn is addressed in this passage as well. The first
interpretive principle for Romans is to read the whole

Who Is Paul's Epistle To The Romans
An Analysis of Paul, Epistle to the Romans Time and time again people put the faith of others into
question. Forever, people have debated what belief is real and which belief is not, what is righteous
and what is not, which god exists among all or ceases to exist at all. Even though religion is doubted
continuously, those with a firm belief in god persist and conquer all quarrels that face them in their
devotion to the lord, and we see an example of this commitment in Paul's Epistle to the Romans.
Paul's letter to the Romans dates back to the time between 55 and 56 C.E., during the earlier part of
Christian persecution in Rome. Paul wrote the letters after his conversion to Christianity in 35 C.E.
Paul was converted because of a revelation

Biblical worldview essay
Tim Brooks
BIBL 104–12D LUO
L26270480
Biblical Worldview Essay
Introduction In Paul's epistle to the Romans he gives us the foundation of Christian life in regards to
how we should not only see the world, but also how we should act in a world that rejects the gospel
of Christ. In Romans 1–8 Paul teaches us how we are not able to come to a saving grace through our
works, but that it must come from Christ alone, and not only to the Jews, but to the Gentiles also.
Paul tells us however, that this will not be easy, but we that we need to remember who is ultimately
in control of everything around us.
The Natural World Paul makes it clear that the world was created by God and that we are without
excuse if we choose to deny that. Romans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What we could not do for ourselves Jesus went to the cross to do for us.
Human Relationships Our relationships with other people give a strong sense of what our
relationship with God is like. How we interact with people on a daily basis and the relationships that
we build goes a long way in showing just how we feel about them. In Romans 1:10 we see that Paul
wanted desperately to come to Rome to teach, to interact, to fellowship, and build relationships with
the Christians that were there. Just as God wants a personal relationship with His creation we all feel
a deep need for relationships with each other. It was not meant for man to go through life on his own
without being able to interact with each other. We see the genuine love that Paul displayed toward
the people and churches throughout his epistles and it should make us want to have an even stronger
relationship with our Creator.
Culture
We've heard it said before that we are products of our environment or culture. The culture of Rome
in biblical times was much like the culture of a large city today. They had not only accepted the
wicked lifestyles that were being practiced, but they were also approving the practice of such things
(Rom 1:32). We can see a lot of the same things going on in our time and our world that was going
on in Rome when Paul wrote this epistle. We are quickly heading down a path towards the same
destruction

Paul To The Galatians
The epistle of Paul to the Galatians has been view as one of the most critical t historical record of
the early church history written during Christianity's foundational period and initial expansion.
Known as one of the most important religious documents ever written, this book was written by
Paul who wrote this epistle to a number of congregations that existed in a Roman province of
Galatia. As Dunn states, this epistle has help to establish Paul's authority as well as to shape the
character and self–perception of early Christianity.
Of all Paul's epistles, the letter has been the least challenged of the Pauline corpus with most
scholars as well as the early church fathers regarding it as an authentic letter of Paul. According to
Guthrie,

Reflection Of The Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church was the largest Christian church, with more than 1.25 billion members
worldwide. One of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the
history of Western civilization. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, its doctrines are
summarized in the Nicene Creed. One the one hand, the Catholic Church was also distinguished by
its celebration of the seven sacraments. They are the Baptism, the First communion, the sacrament
of the Forgiveness, the declaration of principles, the sacrament of Confirmation, the sacrament of
the sick, the sacrament of the Marriage. Also, the Roman Catholic Church provided many basic
religious beliefs. The ones shared by the other Christians as resulting from the New Testament and
formulated in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Actually, Become a priest, he studied and taught the theology and eventually questions about the
divine favor and the ways to reach the eternal life or heaven. By studying the epistle to Romains de
St Paul, he is struck by the sentence "The just man will live by the faith ". By this revelation, he
acquired the conviction that the Man can be saved only by his faith and not by his good deeds. He
noticed that the hierarchy inside the Church was useless; he did not need intermediary between God
and the people because they are all equals. The papacy is thus questioned. So, further to the affair of
the Indulgences where the Pope sold "young" papers for the repurchase of the sins of the believers to
renovate the basilica St Pierre of Rome, Luther parts definitively from the Roman Catholic Church.
More important was his works on Paul's epistles and his obsession of the salute. Luther said to
himself that the man would have to accept his sinner's state and that he was inevitably imperfect in
front of

Dialectical Journal Chapter 2
1. Genre / Authorship The genre of this particular portion of Scripture is epistolary. An epistle comes
from the Greek word επιστολη, which means letter. Originally it refers to oral communication sent
by a messenger. Since this epistle was sent from the Apostle Paul, this is a Pauline epistle. There is
no serious challenge to the fact that Paul has sent this letter, and Tertius is cited in 16:22 as probably
being Paul's amanuensis or scribe. Although, Paul wrote to the church in Rome about precise
circumstances found in the beginning and end of the letter (1:1–17; 15:14–16:27), Paul uses
questions throughout this letter as literary devices to explain what the gospel really is to his
audience, both the Jews and Gentiles alike. This is done ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theme links together the end of chapter 3 and chapter 4, and the theme is more accurately "that
all peoples are justified by faith." Paul proves this by presenting Abraham in v.1–8, that he was
righteous and justified not by his works, but by his faith so he could not boast. David confirms
Abraham's righteousness by faith (vv.6–8), and Paul explains that Abraham was righteous before
circumcision, but received circumcision to become the father of all believers (vv.9–12). If not for
grace, all believers would be based on their adherence to the law, which would result in the wrath of
God (vv.13–16). Schreiner organizes this well by presenting that Paul introduces that righteousness
is by faith and not by works in 3:27–28, while illustrating his point with Abraham in 4:1–8, and that
righteousness by faith is for both Jews and Gentiles in 3:29–30, which is illustrated in 4:19–16. The
concluding verses (vv. 17–25) speak of the characteristics of Abraham's faith which was counted to
him as righteousness (v.22), and that it was not just for his sake alone, but also for all believers who
would be justified by believing in the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ

The Book of Ephesians is an Epistle Written by Paul
Bible Dictionary Project
Book
The book of Ephesians is an epistle written by Paul to the church in Ephesus. It takes the form of a
letter aimed at addressing the Christian congregation. Paul wrote the letter, along with several other
epistles, while incarcerated in a Roman prison. With the assistance of Tychicus, Paul sent his letter
to Ephesus, the capital of lesser Asia (Weber, 2000). Paul's letter aims to expound on the critical role
played by the church as a constituent of God's plans. The church is presented as furthering God's
eternal purpose, with Christ as its head. With its comprehensive and insightful analysis, Ephesians
offers further discourse on issues pertaining to Christ's church as explained in other epistles. From
Ephesians, Christians are also able to comprehend the dimensions of God's grace. The epistle
examines the greatness of God's love, highlighting the privilege of a spiritual rebirth made possible
by God's grace (Weber, 2000). Paul also warns the Ephesus Christians against the false doctrines
and misleading philosophy prevalent in Ephesus at the time (Ephesians 4:14 New International
Version). Ephesians establishes the church's place as a critical component in God's divine plan and
offers lessons on the workings of salvation and grace.
Person
Born in 6AD, John was an apostle and evangelist who authored the gospel of John, the three epistles
of John as well as the Revelation according to John. As one of Christ's 12 disciples, John extensively

Sermon On The Mount Tone
In A.D. 27, Apostles Matthew recorded a sermon that Jesus had once delivered. The sermon was
called, "The Sermon on the Mount", this letter was teachings of Jesus. In this sermon he spoke from
his heart to always follow the Ten Commandments. Jesus did not present this sermon in a synagogue
like teachers and prophets would do instead, he would preach in the open air. This sermon is known
to be one of the most famous sermons Jesus has ever given. Around A.D. 57, Paul in contact with
Jesus' teaching which completely changed his life. He changed his religion to Christianity from
Judaism. Paul went to spread the Gospel of Jesus throughout the Roman world. Paul decided to go
traveling; while he was traveling he wrote an epistle to the Romans. In ... Show more content on
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Paul in his Epistle to the Romans was different because of the message. Many people would think
that the messages are similar, but they are not. In the sermon, The Sermon on the Mount, Jesus
states, "The message in the Sermon is set firmly within the Jewish tradition. Jesus urges his listeners
to a commitment to righteousness, which he defines with poignant simplicity." (93) The message in
this sermon is basically that Jesus wanted to touch his listeners by his words by always doing what
is right and equal. Jesus wanted peace within everyone. In St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, he
states, "The Epistle to the romans was sent to one of the Christian congregation in Rome and set out
many of Paul's central theological views." (96) Basically, the massage of the letter of Paul was to for
Roman to agree with him on his central theological views. Paul messages was only to people that
believed in God, he did not care about the ones that did not believe him. Jesus and Paul's messages
were different because they had different

Thirteen Epistles Of Ephesians
The Apostle Paul wrote thirteen epistles, also called letters, that can be found in the New Testament
(Demarest, 2018, no pg.). There has been some debate that the epistles of Ephesians, First Timothy,
Second Timothy, Titus, Colossians and Second Thessalonians were pseudonymously written in
Paul's name, but that he was not the actual author. There seems to be discrepancies about the attitude
that Paul conveyed towards women in the church between the letters known to be written by him,
and the ones that were not. The letters known to be written by Paul convey Jesus's message that
everyone is to be welcome in worship, including women. In Romans 16:1–2 Paul wrote, I commend
to you our sister Phoebe of the Church at Cenchreae, that you may welcome

Date and Destination of Galations
Grace School of Theology NORTH OR SOUTH: Destination and Date of Galatians A Paper
Submitted to Gregory P. Sapaugh, Th.M. Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of RS–
503: Research Methods, Writing, and Technology by William (Brant) Wallace Houston, Texas
February 25, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 General Debate 1 Geography of Galatia 2 Diversity
and Strategy 2 Advantage for Missional Activities 3 The North 3 Evidence for the Northern Theory
4 History 4 Biblical Reference 4 Character 5 The South 5 Evidence for the Southern Theory 6
Establishment of Churches 6 Inclusion of Galatian Churches 6 Judaizing Controversy 7 The ...
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Given its vast size and thenorthern territory, known as Galatia proper; and, (2) the southern cities of
Lycaonia, Pisidia, and Phrygia.10 Chapters 13 and 14 of the book of Acts indicate that Paul traveled
within the southern cities of Galatia on his first missionary journey.11 Although there is no explicit
mention of Paul visiting the northern territory, some believe that Acts 16:6 and 18:23 provide clear
indications that Paul was in the North not the South. 12 The North Many believe that the letter of
Galatians was written to those who lived in the northern territory of Galatia. Although this view was
once the predominant view, there are three problems with the northern theory: 1. Testament. 2. Very
little is known of recipients and churches in the North. 3. The conditions of North were more
dangerous and strenuous than that of the South. 10 F. F. Bruce, "Galatian Problems. 2. North or
South Galatians?" Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, no. 52 (Spring 1972): 243. 11 12 Ibid., 244.
William M. Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire Before A.D. 170, 3rd ed. (London: Hodder
& Stoughton, 1894), 78.  Despite these problems, there is evidence to support the northern
theory.13 Evidence for the Northern Theory Evidence for the northern theory fall into the categories
of history, biblical

The Influence of Paul the Apostle
Paul the Apostle is considered to be the most influential of the early members of the Christian
church, along with Simon Peter and James the Just. Saint Paul is said to have been born around AD
5, and considered to have died about AD67, though the Bible does not record his death specifically.
The epistles written by Paul to the churches were plainly and sharply worded. Paul's writings make
up a good portion of the New Testament and demonstrate his position of prominence as an apostle of
the early Church. Saint Paul was a significant contributor to the spreading of the Gospel through the
early Christian communities, particularly through his Epistles, that were established across the
Roman Empire. Paul's letters make up some of the earliest of Christian documents and, as such, they
are a window into early Christianity, with all of its controversies and unpolished beliefs. The
authoritative rule of the New Testament is considered to derive from Saint Paul's works Before his
conversion, Paul used the name Saul and he was engaged in the persecution of Jesus' early disciples
in the area around Jerusalem. In the book of Acts, the narrative tells about Saul traveling from
Jerusalem to Damascus when he encountered the resurrected Jesus in a great light that blinded him
for three days, until Ananias of Damascus restored his sight. Following that powerful experience,
Paul began his preaching about Jesus of Nazareth as the Son of God and the Jewish Messiah. Saint
Paul's influence

The Book Of Romans Is Identified As An Epistle
The genre of the book of Romans is identified as an epistle. It is essential to recognize the related
interpretive principles when interpreting this kind of genre. Read the epistle in its entirety in one
sitting to understand the intent of the letter. It is particularly profitable to also consider paragraphs as
being the main units of thought. Follow the logical development of the argument as the letter
progresses. Historical context is of vital importance when studying an epistle. No serious scholar
today questions that Paul is the author of Romans. Dating ancient letters is notably difficult, but in
the case of Romans we can securely pinpoint the letter between A.D. 55 and 58. Paul composed the
epistle to the Romans during his stay in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gentiles were filled with contempt for the Jews for their failure to realize that Christ had freed
believers from the law. Paul wanted the Jews and the Gentiles to understand that forging unity out of
differences is important to bring peace to the church. Paul summarizes his doctrine of salvation in a
deeper way compared to the other epistles to solve existing problems in the Roman church. Not only
is it important to learn about the historical context behind the passage in Romans, but we also must
view the literary context. Understanding the literary context of Romans is an important part of the
interpretation process. The epistle is the dominant literary genre of the New Testament in terms of
space; 21 out of the 27 books are characterized as epistles. The epistle is a mixed form that
combines literary and expository features. The usual New Testament epistle is composed of five
main parts: 1) an opening or salutation; 2) thanksgiving; 3) body of letter; 4) moral exhortations; and
5) closing with final greetings and benediction. Paul wrote this letter to Rome during his ministry in
Corinth. About a year earlier, he had written 1 Corinthians after hearing terrible news regarding
opposition against him in the Corinthian church during his ministry in Ephesus. 2 Corinthians was
probably written just a month or two before Paul's visit to Corinth. This was a joyful time for him
because much of the trouble he had experienced from the

Book Of Romans: Authentic Letter Written By The Apostle Paul
1. Book of Romans: a. Authorship – The epistle of Romans is universally regarded as an authentic
letter written by the Apostle Paul (Powell, 222). The book of Romans belongs to a group of letters
referred to as the undisputed letters of Paul (Powell, 223). In fact, Paul's name appears as the very
first word in the epistle (NRSV, 2007).
b. Date – The time of the writing is probable around 57 or 58 CE (Powell, 258). These dates
correlate nicely with the end of Paul's third missionary trip (NRSV Acts 20:2–3). The emperor
Claudius had expelled all Jews from Rome in 49 CE because of constant disturbances associated
with the name "Chrestus" (NRSV, 2007). Claudius died in 54 CE permitting Jewish Christians to
return to Rome and rejoin Gentile Christians that had remained (NRSV, 2008).
c. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Place (where was it written and where was it received) – Many scholars believe that Paul was in
Corinth nearing the end of his third missionary journey when the letter was composed (Powell, 258).
Paul traveled from Ephesus to Corinth where he remained for three months allowing time for the
composition of the epistle (NRSV, 2007). The letter was received by an unidentified Christian
church in or near Rome.
d. Audience – Romans may be the only letter that was written to a group of people that Paul does
not know (Powell, 256). He introduces himself to the congregation of a church that he has yet to
visit in Rome, the capital city of the Roman Empire. The Church was probably comprised of both
Jewish and Gentile Christians.
e. Exigence (why was it written) – Paul wishes to introduce himself to these Roman Christians in
preparation for a future visitation; gather support for a possible fourth missionary journey to Spain;
solicit their prayers for his upcoming visit to Jerusalem; and offer his pastoral counsel regarding any
current or future problems that may arise (Powell,

Paul Of Tarsus Essay
St Paul of Tarsus plays a significant role in Christianity, explicitly in the development of his
Christian theology. Most of his teaching on Christianity is his amplifications and explanations of the
teachings of Jesus, which openly invite individuals into the life of Christ in great detail. Paul's
remarkable writing capabilities leave a lasting impact upon Christianity in the past and present
context, through the widespread themes in his epistles to the missionary journey. St Paul of Tarsus
writings has shaped the way Christians should live in response to Christ's life, death, and
resurrection.
Paul's written work, such as his Epistles in the new testament highlight the importance of Christian
unity in the modern Christian life. He helped ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The common misconception in Paul epistles is his wish to repress females and only to serve and
listen to their husband. This is often supported in 1 Corinthians 14:34–35 "women should remain
silent in the churches. They are not allowed to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says. If
they want to inquire about something they should ask their own husbands at home; for it is
disgraceful for a woman to speak in the church". However most of Paul's teaching on women are
rather radical and forward–thinking for his time. This is seen in Romans 16:1–2 "our sister, who is
[also] a minister of the church at Cenchreae...[and] a benefactor to many and to me as well.". In this
particular passage, Phoebe is commended for hand–carrying the letter to Rome and further
explaining the content of the letter to the listeners. She was clearly important to Paul and to his
missionary journey. Despite Paul's perceived negativity about women in the church, he appreciates
and respect women. Paul's teaching about the role of women in church is his opinion that the new
age has begun, and has been an ongoing impact to the world. He does this by bringing the life of
Christ alive, seen in Romans 8:2 "The law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set us free from the
law of sin and

Informative Speech On Romans
Introduction/Thesis: "People have called the apostle Paul's great epistle to the Romans "the most
profound work in existence" (Samuel Coleridge)."1 Imagine the great challenge the Apostle Paul
faced to preach the Gospel and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles. During the times that
Romans was written, Rome was the epicenter of the ancient world and contained a myriad of
subcultures. One of the more recognizable verses in Romans; "For I am not ashamed of the gospel,
because it is God's power for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, and also to the
Greek" (Romans 1:16), proves Paul's devotion his mission that everyone preach the Gospel to
everyone who believes throughout the world.
The Natural World: Romans was written in Corinth during the Winter of AD 56/57 at the conclusion
of his third journey.2 Romans was written to the people of Rome as dictated in Romans 1:7 "To all
that are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father
and the Lord Jesus Christ," and Romans 1:15 "So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the
gospel to you also that are in Rome." As aforementioned, Rome was the largest and most important
city of the world with a multifaceted cultural makeup, consisting of both Jews and Gentiles and a
large percentage of slaves. 3 More so, the natural world at that time was filled with Pagans, whom
rejected the knowledge and glory of God, and Moralists that had their own set of standards, which

Hebrew Epistle: The Hebrew Christians Living In Rome
The Hebrew epistle is addressed to the Hebrew Christians living in Rome (Jensen, 408, Heb. 5:11–
12). The intense warnings contained in the epistle indicate that the Hebrew Christians were in a
backslidden state, in danger of apostatizing from Christ and returning to Judaism (Jensen, p. 408).
Specifically, the Hebrew Christians' faith, enthusiasm, and convictions were fading and they
neglected prayer, public worship, and the Scriptures (Heb. 3:6, Jensen, p. 408). The Hebrew epistle
is addressed to the Hebrew Christians living in Rome (Jensen, 408, Heb. 5:11–12). The intense
warnings contained in the epistle indicate that the Hebrew Christians were in a backslidden state, in
danger of apostatizing from Christ and returning to Judaism (Jensen, p. 408). Specifically, the
Hebrew Christians' faith, enthusiasm, and convictions were fading and they neglected prayer, public
worship, and the Scriptures (Heb. 3:6, Jensen, p. 408).
As a result, the Hebrew Christians conditions warranted the warning passages to teach them
appropriate behavior and avoid violation. They were informed of God's just recompense for sinning
against Him (Jensen, p. 409). The Hebrew Christians were suffering with spiritual lethargy and
disobedience, so this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inspired by the Holy Spirit, Paul records in Romans 5:17–21 that by the offence and disobedience of
one man (Adam) death reigned and many were made sinners; therefore, judgment came to all
humanity into condemnation,but much more they that receive the abundance of grace, and the gift of
righteousness shall reign in life by one: Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ's righteousness provided the free
gift of justification of life to all humanity through His obedience.The Law strengthened sin to
abound, but where sin abounded, God's grace abounded even the more; so the results of sin is death,
but God's grace reigns through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ Our

peter and paul
Nickesha Larmond
Paul and Peter
Background information about Paul Paul whose name was Saul was an early Christian missionary
and theologian, known as the Apostle to the Gentiles was born a Jew in Tarsus, Rome. As a minor,
he was trained as a rabbi but earned his living as a tentmaker. A zealous Pharisee, he persecuted the
first Christians until a vision of Jesus, experienced while on the road to Damascus, converted him to
Christianity. Three years later he met St. Peter and Jesus ' brother James and was henceforth
recognized as the 13th Apostle. From his base in Antioch, he traveled widely, preaching to the
Gentiles. By asserting that non–Jewish disciples of Christ did not have to observe Jewish law, he
helped to establish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Background information about Peter Saint Peter the Apostle, original name Simeon, or Simon (died
AD 64, Rome), disciple of Jesus Christ, recognized in the early church as the leader of the disciples
and the Roman Catholic Church as the first of its unbroken succession of popes. Peter a fisherman,
was called to be a disciple of Jesus at the beginning of his ministry. He received from Jesus an
Aramaic appellation Cephas which means "Rock." This was translated into Greek as Petros (from
the Greek Petra, "rock") and became a Latin Petrus and the English Peter. Jesus told Peter he was
the Rock upon whom the Christian Church would be built. Throughout the public life of Jesus, Peter
is represented in the Gospel as the Spokesman and principal member of Jesus' followers. He is the
first named in the entire list given of these followers and was present with a privilege at few special
occasions, example, the daughter of Jairus brought back to life by Jesus. He was also the first to see
Jesus after his resurrection from the dead. Peter baptized the Roman pagan Cornelius and at the
council of Jerusalem he gave his support to preaching to gentiles. He was imprisoned by King
Herod Agrippa and escaped with the help of an angel. Peter died in Rome during the reign of
Emperor Nero. It is said that Peter was crucified on the Vatican Hill upside down because her
declared himself

The Epistle Of Philippians
The epistle of Philippians is written by Paul with credit given to Timothy. This position is supported
by the verse 1 of chapter 1 stating this fact. Pauline authorship had been accepted by the early
church fathers Polycarp and Ireaneus, which serves as strong support. However in the 18th century,
F. C Baur argued that Philippians may not have been Pauline due the presence of Gnostic doctrines
and ideals. He further questions the origin of the epistle due to the statement made in Philippians
1:12, as it could not be proved by using the other prison epistles said to be written in Rome.
Nonetheless, the evidence is circumstantial at best and inconsequential at worst. As such, it is
generally accepted and no longer disputed that the epistle is instead Pauline. However, the origin of
the letter is matter of debate. There are three possibilities as to the origin or location of the writing of
Philippians. What is known is that the epistle was written by Paul during one of his three
imprisonments. What can be argued is which imprisonment. Paul was imprisoned in Ceasarea for
two years (58–60 AD) as account in Acts 28:14–31 by Luke. The mention of the praetorian guard in
verse 1:13 could be one clue, as one did exist in Caesarea. However, Paul mentions that he has no
appeal in verses 1:19–26. Paul did appeal his jailing in Caesarea. Moveover, there is no strong
evidence that favors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leaving the Ephesus argument aside, as it only cites travel limitations as a reason, the evidence
sides with Rome being the place of origin, placing the date around 61–62 AD during Paul's first

Paul's Letter To The Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans is a letter of introduction to Christianity for the Jews and the
Gentiles of Rome. The letter to the Romans is fairly different than a number of other letters that had
been written by Paul because this letter is not in response to situations or concerning events that's
going on in Rome, rather, it is a little more relaxed and informative. Paul gives to the Romans
introductory and foundational information that appears to be somewhat of a precursor for when he
arrives and what his ministry will be when he gets to Rome. There are a variety of topics that Paul
touched on ranging from God's righteousness, salvation, spiritual growth, and sovereignty of God,
which Paul addresses and makes it relatable to the gentiles. The literary elements of Paul's epistle
create a letter; the primary and uncontested author is Paul, a self–proclaimed apostle to the gentiles,
teaches in his letter about gentiles and Christianity. Paul's letter also focuses on the Jews role in
Christianity, how without observing the law that they may still be condemned. Paul uses the
example of circumcision, and how it will only have value if that person follows the law, but if they
break the law they will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Paul makes this letter palatable, giving the people numerous examples from the Old Testament. He
generally delivers a happy message, addressing some major revelations such as the role of Abraham
and how he is connected the people he is addressing in the letter. Relating all people to Abraham is a
very insightful interpretation, and it makes sense as well, this really emphasizes that God is there not
just for the Jews, but also for all people who have faith. The conclusion of the letter is upbeat with
Paul telling how he has always wanted to go to Rome, which is indicative that he will probably
develop the concepts he has laid out in his

The Value Of Determining The Purpose Of Paul's Epistles
I learned that the term epistle means letters, written to encourage followers or churches.
Determining the purpose of Paul's epistles, is to declare or define the Christian teaching on a
particular matter for the church. In most cases the epistles addressed to particular people at
particular times. They were also widely circulated among the churches at large. Philemon was
written by Paul to his friend Philemon, asking him to care for his son Osemis. Romans was written
to Churches with which Paul was to provide advice and guidance. As a recipient of these epistles, I
would consider the value of the message to determine my reaction. Determining

Saint Paul, Epistle to the Romans
Saint Paul, Epistle to the Romans
Christianity is a religion that has overcome a lot of adversity in the last couple decades. Through the
use of early disciples preaching the word of God and with scripture, the beliefs of Christian faith can
be understood. The earliest Christian sources do not come from the gospels, but from Paul's epistles
regarding the Christian communities. Paul, or Saul his Hebrew name, was born an Israelite in Tarsus
and became one of the most influential followers. Prior to his dramatic conversion to Christianity,
Paul was a member of the Jewish elite of the eastern Mediterranean. While seeking to have
Christians bound, a striking revelation of Christ's appearance occurred while traveling to Damascus
in Sryria. God ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men and women have reached out and accepted what Paul has said in this epistle. The people fully
believe what Paul revealed to them in this letter, and that God has transformed their lives because of
their faith. "Live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly;
never be conceited." (Andrea). If the people obey the words of the Lord, the glory and grace of God
shall save them. With the acceptance of the spirit living within, God is able to assure his people with
eternal life. "Follow the spirit of God, do what he instructs you, have everlasting faith in Him, and
He will fulfill his promise to the people." (Weber). God says, "You shall love your neighbor as
yourself," since there in no wrong in this, love therefore is fulfilling the Law in every way possible.
In the early church, Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians sometimes disagreed about what made
a person acceptable to God and how the followers of Christ should live. In Romans, Paul boldly
announces that the good news is "God's powerful way of saving all people who have faith, whether
they are Jews or Gentiles." (Weber) The Epistle to the Romans served as a plan to instruct Christians
of their faith. The Epistle was "the most fully articulated expression of Paul's theology of salvation."
(Andrea). With Paul being one of the most

St Paul: A Hellenistic Jew
A Hellenistic Jew, St Paul is known worldwide as one of the earliest Christian missionaries, along
with Saint Peter and James the Just. He was also known as Paul the Apostle, the Apostle Paul and
the Paul of Tarsus. However, he preferred to call himself 'Apostle to the Gentiles'. Paul had a broad
outlook and was perhaps endowed as the most brilliant person to carry Christianity to varied lands,
such as Cyprus, Asia Minor (modern Turkey), mainland Greece, Crete and Rome. St Paul's efforts to
accept gentile converts and make Torah unnecessary for salvation was a successful task.
Childhood
Paul was born in Tarsus, in 10 AD, and was originally named Saul. Raised as a pharisaical Jew, he,
in his initial years, even persecuted Christians, taking part in the stoning of St. Stephen, the first
Christian martyr. Being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thereafter, he headed towards Ephesus, an important center for early Christianity since the 50s
(AD). The next 2 years of Paul's life were spent in Ephesus, working with the congregation and
organizing missionary activity into hinterlands. However, he was forced to leave on account of
several disturbances and imprisonment. Paul's next destination was Macedonia, where he went
before going to Corinth. After residing in Corinth for three months, he made a final visit to
Jerusalem. Arrest & Death
In 57 AD, Paul arrived in Jerusalem with money for the congregation. Though reports state that the
church welcomed Paul gladly, James had given a proposal that led to his arrest. Retained as a
prisoner for two years, Paul had his case reopened when a new governor came into power. Since he
appealed as a Roman citizen, Paul was sent to Rome for trial, by the Caesar. However, on the way,
he was shipwrecked. It was during this time that he met St. Publius and the islanders, who showered
kindness on him. When Paul reached Rome, in AD 60, he spent two years under house arrest, after
which he died.

Paul's Influence On Christianity
The Pauline epistles are the fourteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the
Apostle. There is wide consensus in modern New Testament scholarship on a core group of
authentic Pauline epistles whose authorship is rarely contested: Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians,
Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon. The several other letters allegedly written by
Paul lack academic consensus: Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, and Titus.
However, both the real and the fake apostle Paul are of great importance to Christianity and played a
major role in spreading this new religion. Paul's influence on Christian thinking arguably has been
more significant than any other New Testament author. Paul declared that "Christ is the end of the
law", exalted the Christian church as the body of Christ, and depicted the world outside the Church
as under judgment. It has been said that if it were not for Paul, Christianity would have remained a
small unknown branch of Judaism. Paul was the leading missionary to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Among that of many other apostles and missionaries involved in the spread of the Christian faith,
Paul's influence on Christian thought and practice has been characterized as being as "profound as it
is pervasive". Despite the controversies and problems with the authenticity of Paul's epistles, he
remains a very important part of the Christian tradition, having an impact in various geographical
areas. Justification by faith, the concept that humans are saved from sin by believing in Jesus, is the
most important contribution Paul brought to Christianity. His speeches brought together nations into
one community, Christians. Being the most important missionary of Jesus Christ, it was Paul who
managed to make Christianity a "universal"

Pauline Epistles Influence On Christianity
Possibly Paul's most significant mark on Christianity, his authorship of the Pauline Epistles which
influenced the first stages of the international development of Christianity. The Pauline Epistles
were a series of letters written by Paul, not only giving guidance to early Christians, but most
importantly, permanently clarifying the Soteriology of Christianity. Paul's most important series of
letters is considered to specifically be the Epistle to the Romans (https://www.blueletterbible.org
2015). In writing this, Paul summarises the core beliefs of Christianity, explaining the belief of Jesus
Christ and the resurrection in a few short sentences. (Romans 1:3–5). Further on, Paul writes about
the Power of the Gospel (Romans 1:16), the Guild of Humankind (referring to humanities
misunderstanding of God) (Romans 1:18), but most importantly, Paul speaks about the concept of
"Love for One Another" (Romans 13:6). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore in Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, Paul informs the Christian communities on the
subjects of sexual immorality, offering food to idols, and other simple guidelines. Embedded in 1
Corinthians 15:3–6, is Paul's most important message to his fellow brethrens, reminding them of the
importance of the death and resurrection of Christ, as well as mentioning his conversion experience.
These are all quintessential examples of Paul's personal effect on Christianity's spread and assertion.
As an example, Paul sparked the popularity of the quote "Love your neighbor as yourself"
(http://www.allaboutgod.com/ 2002–2015), as his letter would have been very contraversial, and
therefore very well known at the

The New Testament Is Not An Easy Thing
Being an outsider in any faction of life is never an easy thing. When you are someone trying to fit
into a life that isn't yours it seems different and sometimes scary. People in the group look at you
differently for thinking different than them but you also look at them differently for making their
own thoughts. Seeing as the Christians in Philippi were persecuted for thinking different; they had a
letter to help them try and deal with the persecution I know it doesn't change things. Transitioning
through the process of being an outsider isn't an easy task, if only there was guide lines or letter to
help people like there was in Philippians. The New Testament is made up of 27 books, 21 out of the
27 books are letters. When epistles were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When thinking about who Philippians was written for, it's simple and obvious, even more obvious
than who the author is. The title of the Epistle is "Philippians" after the city of Philippi. This Epistle
was written to the Christians that were living in Philippi and to the Church. "Paul writes a thank–
you note to the believers at Philippi for their help in his hour of need, and he uses the occasion to
send along some instructions on Christian unity" This Epistle was not only written to the Christians
in Philippi but more specifically was written to the church that was founded by Paul. When reading
the quote "It is clear that Paul wanted the church to know how things were going for him in his
imprisonment" , you get the idea that Paul wrote to the church. Now this may not be nor will it ever
be 100% proven it is clearly visible this is the case.
Philippi being a Roman colony doesn't mean that all the residing citizens were Roman. "the
inhabitants were undoubtedly proud to be Romans, with all the rights and privileges afforded
Roman citizens" . Philippi being the Roman colony that it is; it would be safe to say there were very
few Jews living there. Paul had met the Jews residing in the city and while doing so Paul met Lydia.
With Lydia's help the very first church of Europe was erected. "With the support of Lydia and other
local converts, Paul

Analysis of the Message of the New Testament
THE MESSAGE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
__________________
A Book Review
Presented to
Dr. Richard T. Vann, Jr.
Dallas Baptist University
__________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for MALA 5366
__________________
by
Travis G. Gothard
April 14, 2013
Bruce, F. F. The Message of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973. 120 pp. $10.71.
"What is the New Testament?" "Is there one New Testament Message?" F. F. Bruce addresses these
questions in his book, The Message of the New Testament. He answers the first question quickly in
the prologue stating, "To Christians, it is the second and shorter division of their sacred scriptures,
'God's Word written'" (11). Bruce dedicates this work to answering the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All of Paul's epistles speak to God's grace, but in these pastoral letters, Bruce views the main
contribution to be the church as a firm foundation on which God stands, a church not merely as "an

institution for the dispensing of the means of grace," (44) but a church as a community instructed,
practiced, organized and administered as it grows as a "community of ordinary men and women:
who have the saving grace of Christ in common and await Jesus' return. In chapter five of his book,
Bruce turns to Luke's writings in the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the apostles where Luke
declares Christianity as a faith for the whole world, not just the Jews who pressured the Roman
government to execute Jesus. The Gospel of Luke, itself is the gospel to the underprivileged. In
defending the faith and Jesus' place in it, Luke presents accounts of Stephen and Paul as a part of his
history with Stephen's account launching the Gentile mission (53) and Paul underscoring this
mission as the major theological theme of Luke when he voices near the end of his history in Acts
28:28 "Let it be known to you then that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles; they will
listen." In fact, though some Romans found it difficult to accept the lordship of Jesus because he
was convicted and executed on a charge of sedition against Rome, Luke begins with an emphasis of
the Gentile mission by recounting Simeon of

New Testament Chapter 13
Summary of An Introduction to the New Testament Chapter One–Thinking About The Study of the
New Testament The authors of the textbook intend chapter one to be a baseline or at least a starting
point for scholars that are possibly studying the New Testament for the first time. The stated "aim"
of the chapter is "to provide enough of a framework to make the rest of this textbook, and a lot of
other books on the New Testament, a little easier to understand." (23) Highlighted in the chapter are
some of the more common criticisms used by scholars today (e.g., form criticism, redaction
criticism, textual criticism, and historical criticism, just to name a few), along with some of the key
figures throughout history that have utilized such criticisms to help shape scholarly study of the
New Testament canon. Chapter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carson and Moo make the reader aware of the authorship dispute regarding Ephesians. They point
to seven arguments that support the traditional view that Paul wrote it. Likewise, they then draw
attention to five argument used by modern scholars to deny Pauline authorship. After the
controversies surrounding authorship are covered Carson and Moo move on to another controversy.
The section tiled "Destination" is where it is found. Modern scholars argue several theories as to
where Paul or whoever they claim the author to be, may have written the letter for. Once claim that
has gained traction over the years is that the letter was meant to be a circular letter–a letter circulated
among churches. Another claim is that the letter was intended for the Laodiceans, as Marcion
thought. Even still, another theory suggests the letter was written as an introduction to all the other
letters Paul wrote. After the destination controversy is discussed Carson and Moo close the chapter
with a brief discussion regarding Ephesians contribution to

The First Reason Is Not Written By An Apostle
In the beginning of the "Preface to James" from Luther Works, he provides his personal opinion
about the epistle, James. He believes that James is a good book, although not written by an apostle.
Luther makes these claims because of two main reasons. The first reason is " It is flatly against
St.Paul and all the rest of Scripture in ascribing justification to works". (Luther, "Preface")He
explains how James and St.Paul have a complex differentiation between Abraham and his works.
James teaches that Abraham was justified by his works when he offered his son Isaac (2:20).
However, in Romans 4:22–22 St.Paul states that Abraham was justified apart from works, by his
faith alone, before he offers his son. Further behind the two scriptures, St. Paul provides proof by
Moses in Genesis 15:6. This proof can not be denied by the epistle and sets him in his place without
the title as an apostle. Luther 's second reason is " It 's purpose is to teach Christians, but in all this
long teaching it does not once mention the Passion, the Resurrection, or the Spirit of Christ."
(Luther, "Preface")James was known for spreading the word of God, although this good work was
not approved of Luther. He comes to the understanding that James cared about his faith with God,
but did not preach about the most important events about Jesus. Luther acknowledges his belief that
" Whatever does not teach Christ is not yet apostolic."(Luther, "Preface) His article comes to an end
with his conclusion that

Greek And Roman Literature.an Epistolary Poem Essay
Introduction:
Epistolary poems are one of the ancient forms in literature which could be traced in Greek and
Roman literature.An epistolary poem is written in a form of letter addressed to an individual or to a
society. The term epistleis derived from the Latin term Epistula which means a letter. Poets present
their poems in the form of letters appealing to emotions and feelings. Epistolary poems may be
objective or subjective, formal or colloquial, directed to an individual or to a general public. It may
take any form from heroic couplets to blank verse. While exploring the origin of epistolary form in
poetry, the scholars could peg varied themes being dealt in the poems, from Philosophical concepts
to daily mundane activities.
Letters is a powerful medium that brings people together. Philosophers, sociologists, literary writers
widely use the form of epistles to drive home their views and ideas effectively. Exploring the origin
of epistolary poems lucidly illumines the fact that poets effuse their thoughts through epistles
effectively. Epistolary poems are penned for pedagogical purpose also. The poems of epistles can be
objective registering distant views pertaining to social issues or subjective imparting personal
feelings and emotions of the writer.
Origin of epistolary poems could be traced back to Roman Literature between 43 B.C to 17or 18
A.D when the great Roman poet Ovid wrote Heroides (The Heroines) or EpistulaeHeroidum (letters
of Heroines) comprising of

Paul's Contribution to Christianity
It seems strange that so little is known biographically about one of the most important figures in
Christian history, but this only serves to add to the mystery and grandeur surrounding the Apostle
Paul of Tarsus. Much, however, is known of the time after his conversion to Christ and what he did
to contribute to Christianity in this period, and it is this that leaves a greater legacy than the simple
facts of his life. The contributions that he made towards the cause of Christ and the spreading and
formation of Christianity are what he is perennially remembered for.
Paul is remembered as a missionary and church planter. He undertook three extensive missionary
journeys, estimated to have taken place in A.D. 44, 49 and 53. He spent much ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Paul was not fighting against the Law of Moses – he knew the law, and that obeying the
commandments would lead to happiness. But he also knew that Christ had come to fulfil the law as
messiah, and to reconcile the world to himself (2 Corinthians 5:19). He did not interpose rejection of
the law, but was polemical of Jewish Christians excluding Gentiles on grounds such as circumcision.
As he was later to say of the event, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female,
for you are all one in Christ Jesus." (Galatians 3:28)
This teaching has impacted Christianity in history through the lives of individuals but most
significantly through the Reformation of the 16th Century. Martin Luther was strongly convicted on
this issue, seeing it as the epitome of Paul's teachings. Because Luther stood for this issue
unfalteringly, he was persecuted and excommunicated. He and his followers formed the Protestant
Church, turning away from Catholicism in disgust at their practices of indulgences to gain salvation,
making his mantra, "the just shall live by faith." (Hab. 2:4, Rom. 1:17) This was scripture that Paul
had restated in his most famous and complete theological epistle, Romans. This influence of Paul
brought about conflict, but also good and freedom, and a new expression of Christianity.
Today, Catholic and Protestant churches still hold different views

Apostle Paul and The Good News
1
E. C. Mitchell
BIBL 110 B11 LUO
Biblical World View Essay
September 15, 2014
Apostle Paul and the Good News
Introduction
Dr. Elmer Towns and his co–author Ben Gutierrez in their book "In Essence of the New Testament:
A Survey" supports the idea and the importance of all Christians grasping the knowledge put forth in
the book of Romans. Biblical educators such as Samuel Coleridge and Martin Luther holds Paul's
epistle to the Romans in high esteem (Towns & Gutierrez, 2012). They refer to as "the most
profound work in existence and "the purest gospel (Towns & Gutierrez, 2012). These claims are
evident when reading Paul's epistles in the book of Romans, one can feel Jesus Christ's inspiration in
his words and message. In Romans 1:6 –7 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He holds no secrets from those who are the open to the Gospel of Christ. It's safe to say that Romans
is Paul's world view, once captured by the power of Jesus, he devoted his entire being to spreading
the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Paul, an evil doer repented and gave his life to Christ. Paul is the
example of the miracle of what happens when one accepts Jesus as Lord and Savior. God will pass
judgment on those who disobey his calling to live a Christ like life (Romans 2:1–15) yet rewards
those who accepts His alignment.
Human Identity and Relationships
Human identity and where we came from has been shared in Genesis (1:26) when God states "lets
create them, man and woman in our own image" Paul reiterates the identity of humans and our
relationships to each other, when he shares that humans are the descendants of Adam and Eve. He
speaks on how sin passed down from generation to generation and that God turned humans over to
themselves and their wickedness (Romans 1:26). God sent Jesus to save us for our repentance with
the promise to those who choose to follow Him will be saved (Romans 5–6).
4
Culture and Living
Paul tells us of the culture that God expects of humans, he says God wants humans to live happy and
righteous lives in honor of Jesus Christ. Humans should live in the culture of Christ. Treating others
well in our deeds. Living a Non–Judgmental life, we are not to judge others. We are to help

A Very Brief Look at the New Testament
The New Testament is an anthology of twenty–seven ancient writings that describe the life of Jesus
Christ and the beginning of the Christian Church. This anthology was not written by just one person,
but rather, has several authors, most of whom are known and some of whom are not distinctly
known. All of these writings are believed to have been written in the first and second centuries AD
from roughly 50AD to 125AD(class notes). The New Testament was mainly written in Greek with
some small bits of Aramaic (class notes), but has since been translated into various other languages.
This group of writings has been used as both a theological and historical document, while there are
no clear lines distinguishing the two. It becomes apparent in studying the New Testament that it is a
group of texts discussing Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and the origin and spread of Christianity
while including a heavy influence of the societies of the authors.
The New Testament comes from at least eight different authors who lived during and after the life of
Jesus. Each of the writings, while dealing with Jesus, his teachings or the spread of Christianity, has
a historical undertone. There are clear bits of historical context throughout the anthology that allow
the books to be dated and provide insight to the world of the authors. When the prophetic
destruction of the temple in Jerusalem is being discussed in the gospels, it is clear that the authors
are discussing the threat of the

The Historical And Cultural Context Of The Book Of Philemon
In order to better comprehend the concepts depicted in the book of Philemon it is important to gain
an understanding of its historical and cultural context. Philemon was written by the Apostle Paul in
approximately 60– 62 A.D while he was imprisoned in Rome. The letter was written to his friend,
Philemon, who lived in the city of Colossae. Colossae was once a city of Phrygia, but in the time of
the New Testament was part of the Roman province of Asia. In its earlier days, this city was an
important location for several historical events. As a matter of fact, "Xerxes, on his march to Sardes,
B.C. 481, reached Colossae after leaving Anaua. [ANAUA] The younger Cyrus, on his march from
Sardes towards the Euphrates, B.C. 401, passed through Colossae. He crossed the Maeander, and
after a march through Phrygia of 8 parasangs from the river, he came to Colossae, a large and
prosperous city" (bible history). Its location contributed to its success,having been place in the
valley in which the Lycus River conjoins with Maeander River (modern day Turkey), along with
two other incredibly important cities: Laodicea and Hierapolis (pad field). This area was relatively
wealthy, and the land was fertile with an abundance of pastures that reared greats flocks of sheep.
The chalk–like consistency of the water in the Lycus River was suitable for the production of dyes.
Subsequently, Colossae became the center of the wool industry and was well known for its dyeing
of woolen clothing. Due to the

The Didache
Today, Christians around the globe try to figure out how they can become good, obedient Christians.
Some look to the Ten Commandments received at the top of Mount Sinai. Others, try to model their
lives around the teachings and parables Jesus spoke to his followers. Yet few Christians, realize that
the Didache, also known as the Teaching of the Twelve Disciples, gives the reader an idea on how to
be a good person just like the Ten Commandments and Jesus. The Two Ways of the Didache advise
people on how to live their lives to become better Christians. The Didache is a sixteen chapter book,
separated into four separate parts. The book covers a range of topics from how to be an ethical
Christian to basic rituals conducted within the Church. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next line states that we should love God who created us in his likeness and image. (Cruttwell)
After referring to what is known as the Shema, the author advises the reader to love their neighbor
like you love yourself (Cruttwell). Known as the Great Commandment, variations can be found in
both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. All of the gospels, excluding John, give a general
idea of the commandment through the words of Jesus. In the gospel of Matthew, Jesus speaks this
great commandment to a lawyer, saying, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and
with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is
like it, you shall love your neighbor as yourself."(Matthew) In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus has a
similar answer saying, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul,
and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself."(Luke) In the Old
Testament, Leviticus and Deuteronomy of the Pentateuch give a part of this Great Commandment.
Leviticus talks of loving and reasoning with one's neighbor, but does not mention God. (Leviticus)
Deuteronomy, however, talks about loving God with all your heart, but avoids loving thy neighbor.
(Deuteronomy). With the Didache acting as a book of guidance, it is understandable to see a form of
the Great Commandment as an important rule to live by. The inclusion of the commandment in all
these forms of writing shows just how valuable it was to the Apostles at the time, and gives us an
idea as to why it is included in the Two Ways of the Didache. After the Shema and the Great
Commandment, the Didache informs the reader that all things whatsoever you do not wish to be
done to you, those do not you to another. (Cruttwell) This axiom is known as the

Journal Article Critique Of John G ' Pauline Cosmic...
LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY
Journal Article Critique of
Gibbs, John G. "Pauline Cosmic Christology and Ecological Crisis." Journal of Biblical Literature
(December 1971): 466–479.
Submitted to Dr. Michael Chiavone, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
THEO 510–D01
Survey of Theology
by
Todd Bush
November 6, 2016
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................3
Brief Summary..................................................................................................3
Critical Interaction.............................................................................................4
Conclusion......................................................................................................5
Selected Bibliography...................................................................................................7
Introduction
The redemptive doors that Jesus Christ opens and gives us as a fallen creation are crucial toward
who He is. The sacrifice upon the cross is critical to our association with Jesus Christ. Overlooking
the installment of sins upon the cross, Jesus Christ still holds lordship over the universe. Jesus Christ
is still God regardless of the possibility that we tend to overlook it. It is His qualities of affectionate
love that gives, which allows us the chance to have communion with Him. The motivation behind
this study is to interface with John G. Gibbs, and his journal article Pauline Cosmic Christology and
Ecological Crisis with an end goal to see how Paul 's profound comprehension of the cosmetics of
Christ ought to change the way we tend to think in regards to His power and majestic might above
all.

Brief Summary
Gibb 's

Romans Nine Epistles
Emphasizing the passion of Christ and the power of the Gospel, the Pauline Epistles expressed pure
ministry from Paul's humble heart. The nine epistles written from Romans to 2 Thessalonians are
directed towards the church, while four epistles, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, contain more
of a personal and pastoral side to things. Though, to focus in on just one of these, the book of
Romans puts an emphasis on the message of the Gospel. It is perceived that Paul wrote the book of
Romans around A.D. 57–58 with the purpose of reaching the Romans with the good news. Romans
16:25 (ESV) – "Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the preaching
of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept

The Pauline Epistles I Essay

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The Pauline Epistles I Essay