1. PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Pronoun
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
ADDITIONAL PARTS
1. Article
2. Demonstrative
3. Existence

2. PART OF SPEECH
1. NOUN
Name of thing (person, place, time, and
entities in the word)
– Vocabulary
– Andi, Padangsidimpuan, tonight, stone, father,
book, table, etc.

3. 2. Adjective
Modification of noun
– To explain, to indicate, and modify noun in order
to get more.
– Quantitative
• Cardinal
• Ordinal
– Qualitative
• Color (pink, red,
• Size
• Behavior
• Attitude

4. 3. PRONOUN
Other names of noun
- As references (Semantics)
S
(SUBJECT)
O
(OBJECT)
POSSESIVE
ADJECTIVE
POSSESIVE
PRONOUN
REFLEXTIVE
PRONOUN
I
WE
YOU
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
ANDI
RINA
ME
US
YOU
THEM
HIM
HER
IT
ANDI
RINA
MY…
OUR…
YOUR…
THEIR…
HIS…
HER…
ITS…
ANDI’S…
RINA’S…
MINE
OURS
YOURS
THEIRS
HIS
HERS
ITS
ANDI’S
RINA’S
MYSELF
OURSELVES
YOURSELF/VES
THEMSELVES
HIMSELF
HERSELF
ITSELF
HIMSELF
HERSELF

5. 4. Verb
= Doing words (process)
NO V1
V2
V3
Ving
Meaning
1 read read read reading membaca
2 write wrote written writing Menulis
3 speak spoke spoken speaking Berbicara
4 listen listened listened listening Mendengar
5 see saw seen seing Melihat

6. 5. Adverb
=Modifies Verb
a. place (…continued in preposition)
b. time (…continued in preposition)
c. manner
d. Frequency

7. d. Adverb of Frequency
The extent of time and place
• Time
every Usually Always Sometimes
Seldom Rare Never almost …
Example:
I go home on evening always/usually/every
Sunday/sometimes/seldom/rarely/never/
almost never

8. • Place
Close Near Far/further very far
very close so far so near so close
here there
over here over there
Example:
1. I am not so close/so far/very far/very close/so near
with him
2. I am here/there/over here/over there

9. 6. Preposition
= modifies adverb (place and time)
Example:
in = general time/place
on = Between (…relative)
at = Specific place/time
1. Time
at = It is at 07.00 o’clock
It is about 07.00 o’clock
It is around 07.00 o’clock
in = I was the student in 2009
on = day, date month
I was born at 02.00 am
on Wednesday,
….. August,
… .. 15th
in 1984

10. 2. Place
at = village, ….Sreet (at Mongunsidi street)
in = City (general place)
on = … ( there should be reason)
I am on position (sedang berada di posisi)
I am on you (saya mendukungmu)
I live at Manunggang Jae, Perintis Street in
Padangsidimpuan
Ramadianto lives at Sutomo street, Marancar
Village in Padangsidimpuan
On Above
under below

11. 7. Conjunction
a. is relational words
b. To relate language elements
c. To relate
1. Words – words (Andi and Rina)
- Phrases (Andi and his father/his kind
father)
2. Phrases – phrases (My Uncle and his young son)
3. Clauses – clauses (I love reading when I have free time)
4. Sentences – sentences (I like banana. So I plant it in
the
garden)
5. Paragraph- paragraph

12. ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE
1. Word is combination of letters that has meaning
2. Group is combination of one dependent and one
independent word
3. Phrase is combination of two or more independent
words
4. Clause contains one process/verb than subject, object
or adverb
5. Sentence is combination of words, groups, phrases and
clauses started by capital letter and ended by full stop.
6. Paragraph contain mean idea and supporting idea or
conclusions and
7. Text is word, group, phrase, clause, sentence or
paragraph that convey meaning

13. Folk language and Linguistic Terms
Meaning Semantics/Pragmatics
Words Morphology
Groups/
Phrases/Clause/
Sentences/
Text
Syntax/Grammar/
Lexicogrammar
Symbols/Sounds
Phonetics and
Phonology
LANGUAGE LINGUISTICSLINGUISTICS

14. 8. Interjection
Expressions of feeling and thinking (laugh, tear, sad,
happy, etc) expressed immediately/directly
Normally is coded by Exclamative mark (!), Quotation
(‘_’) and double quotation (“_”) in written form.
Analysis of direct speech.
1. Word : Hi!!!, Hello!, Bye!, Ok!, Wow!, ‘yes’, No’,
etc.
2. Group/Phrase: “Thank you”, Of course!, good
morning!,
3. Clause: How do you do!.

15. 9. Article
Is dependent word that functions to decide noun.
The, a and an.
1. A
is used for singular noun that started by consonant
sound/letter.
A Couple, A glass, A car, etc.
2. An
is used for singular noun that started by vowel sound/letter
an egg, an umbrella, an hour, an organ, an eye, etc
3. The
is used for both, singular and plural, but, it is pronounced
different.
- The boys, The car
- The eggs, The Umbrella, the organs, etc.

16. 10. Demonstrative Pronoun
a. Is pointing/referring noun/Pronoun.
b. Pointing and reference.
c. 1. This is/was
is used for singular noun that can be touched by hand.
-This is my book, this was my candidate school in 2007.
2. That is/was
is used for singular noun that cannot be touched by hand
-That is my book, that was my candidate school.
3. These are/were
is used for plural noun that can be touched by hand
-These are my books, These were my bags
4. Those are/were
is used for Plural noun that cannot be touched by hand
-Those are my books, Those were my bags

17. Singular Plural
This That These Those
Demonstrative Pronoun
Times/tense
Is/
w
as
This is
Ar
e/
w
er
e

18. 11. Existence
a. Ada
b. To show the existence
c. There + Be (is, am, are/was, were)
1. There is a car in the garage
2. There was a child there two days ago
3. There are many people in the campus
4. There were many people in the party
yesterday