How To Write An Evaluation Argument
What Makes A Successful Argument?
Conflict Essay
What Makes An Effective Argument Ineffective?
Everything Is An Argument
Argument Essay On Suicide
Argumentative Essay : Argumentative Writing
How to Write an Argument Essay
The Importance Of Writing An Argumentative Essay
Argumentative Essay On Suicide
Examples Of Argumentative Essay
Argumentative Essay On Organ Donation
Argument From Analogy Essay
Argumentative Essay On Water Pollution
Fallacy Essays
Rhetorical Triangle Argument
What Is An Argumentative Passage Analysis
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
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What Is A Argument Essay
1. How To Write An Evaluation Argument
First of all, the authors name are Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer. They wrote about the evaluation
arguments on the good reasons researching and writing effective arguments book in 2014. Firstly,
there are many kinds of argument but, one of them is evaluation arguments . The evaluation
arguments focus on what we value. The criteria is very important and it should convince the
audience so, the readers will agree.
The writer should introduce the person or the event he will talk about. Moreover, when the writer
wants to write an evaluation argument he should decide wether it is good or bad and what side he
will be with. Also, for sure there are many people will disagree so, the writer should know why they
do not agree so he can improve his arguments
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3. Conflict Essay
CONFLICTS AND DISPUTES ARE INEVITABLE Conflict is defined as the behaviour due to
which people differ in their feelings, thought and/or actions. Collins (1995) states that the conflict
is a 'serious disagreement and argument about something important' and also as 'a serious
difference between two or more beliefs, ideas or interests' (cf. Kumaraswamy, 1997, p. 96). In
general it is believed that conflicts are the underlying cause of disputes. In other words, dispute is a
manifestation of the deep rooted conflict. A dispute is defined as 'a class or kind of conflict, which
manifests itself in distinct, justifiable issues. It involves disagreement over issues capable of
resolution by negotiation, mediation or third party adjudication'...show more content...
So, it is said that a conflict can exist without a dispute but a dispute cannot exist without a conflict
(Spangler and Burgess, 2003). Many authors have highlighted the inevitability of conflicts on the
other hand it is said that disputes can be prevented or at least can be minimized through proper
management. Conflicts are ubiquitous where ever a large number of people are involved i.e.
where the human relationships proliferate (Kumaraswamy, 1997). People are the principle resource
for any commercial project today. Different project managers, engineers, surveyors belonging to
different organizations and having different needs, goals and each of them looking to maximize
their benefits are brought together to form a team. Because of these differences in the individuals
the conflicts and disputes become inevitable in a project. Conflicts are generally perceived as a
negative term but it has both positive and negative sides. Positive conflicts can be helpful to
generate new ideas, make innovations, helps people to 'Be real' and creative. But this conflict has to
be maintained so that it does not get out of control and bring about dysfunctional consequences.
There are large numbers of potential sources that makes conflict inevitable in a project. Some of
them are explained below: – (scribd) It is stated in the paper that disputes are a short term part of an
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4. What Makes An Effective Argument Ineffective?
1.The basic parts of an effective argument are a stated clearly defined issue, makes a claim, and
offers support for that claim. Sometimes an argument may also recognize opposing viewpoints and
incorporate them into the argument
2.What makes an argument ineffective is when using emotional appeals to distract a reader from a
lack of evidence. Also the use of faulty reasoning, and inaccurate facts.
3.An issue is a problem, controversy, or an idea that people can have different viewpoints about.
The term claim is a point in which a writer is trying to prove. This is typically the writer's viewpoint
on the issue. A refutation is recognizing and auguring against opposing viewpoints.
4.A claim of value focuses on an opinion or judgment about
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5. Everything Is An Argument
After reading the chapter the phrase" everything is an argument" means to me any " text–written,
spoke, aural, or visual– that expresses a point of view" (Everything's an Argument, n.d.). Out of
chapter one; I chose Arguments to Make Decisions. Arguments to convince and persuade are similar
to it. Arguments to Make Decisions are all around us; like the elections, health care, constitutional
rights, and immigration Additionally,college students are also forced to make decisions. They have
to decide which major is the best one for them and their future.
When I think about Argument to Make Desicisons, and elections like it said in Chapter one. People
will listen to a candidate to present their case. And show evidence to support their assertions.
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6. This material set–off in this fashion in the handout identifies the revision notation for these matters.
Guidelines for the Argumentative/Persuasive Essay
Citing Sources
You are not to employ footnotes or endnotes in your essay. Rather, when you employ another's ideas
or quote from a source in your essay, please employ the Modern Language Association, "MLA,"
format for in–text citations; the format is set forth in Keys, p. 144 et seq.
Quoting, Citing, and Referencing Source Material
Please also review the material on summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting material set forth in Keys,
p. 122–25.
Works Cited Page
Given that your essays will contain references to sources that were employed in constructing the
arguments in...show more content...
Con Argument
1.First Con Argument Paragraph: Precis
Summarize the con argument and cite to its expert source with credentials
2.Second Con Argument Paragraph: Example of the Con Argument
3.Third Con Argument: Refutation
Discredit the reliability of the con argument or demonstrate that it is in appositive or irrelevant to the
topic by challenging its source, timeliness, authorship, or logic. For additional information, please
review the Refutation Handout available under Course Documents. C. First Pro Argument
1.First Pro Argument Paragraph: Precis
Summarize the first pro argument and provide its expert source with credentials.
2.Second Pro Argument Paragraph: Example of the Pro Argument
3.Third Pro Argument Paragraph
Establish the reliability of the argument by employing one or more of the seven types of evidence
discussed in Bedford, p. 518.
D.Analogy Paragraph: See the Analogy Handout available under Course
Documents for additional information
E.Most Compelling Reason to View the Pro Position as the Superior Position on the Topic
Paragraph Based upon Belief, Value, Social Mores, or Tradition. For additional information, please
review the Most Compelling Reason Handout available on Blackboard. III.Conclusion A. First
Conclusion Paragraph
1. Summarize the essay in a one to two–sentence "restatement"
2.Either discussion of the greater implication of the
8. Argument Essay On Suicide
What would make someone think that dying is a better option than life? The amount of deaths per
year by suicide is continually growing. This is a problem that keeps coming up generation to
generation, and these thoughts can start at any age, though teenagers are the age range most
affected. Why is it that after all these years, this problem is still here? People tend to focus on the
problem itself, instead of what is causing it in the first place. Many of the people who have
considered suicide have been abused when they were younger. Suicide is still a huge problem
worldwide, and it is one that many people ignore. Men are more likely to commit suicide than
women. "Of the reported suicides in the 10 to 24 age group, 81% of the deaths were males and 19%
were females" (Gateway to Health Communication & Social Marketing Practice). Even though,
women talk about suicide more than men, men are more likely to react to it. Men don't take time to
think over the consequence unlike women. Women tend to take time to process their thoughts, their
future, their fortune and their people. Men like to be quick and easy when it comes to death so, if
they would take their own life they would use gun. Woman on other hand would take things slowly,
she would plan thing out of how and when would she do it, women are more likely to overdose
themselves, hang themselves, or drown themselves (Gateway to Health Communication & Social
Marketing Practice). Sometimes people do not know why
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9. Argumentative Essay : Argumentative Writing
As long as humanity has differentiated view points, there will be the need for argument. Whether
the argument is about who will be the next leader of a free country or as simple as whether or not
you bleed AC Milan Rosso or Internazionale Azzurro in Milano, argument allows people to have
discussions while trying to prove each other wrong or convince someone to change their views.
Under the umbrella of arguing there is a very intelligent method to argue that is called
argumentative writing. With argumentative writing a person can put all of their ideas into an
organized, well developed paper that attracts and engages a reader. While most people prefer
arguing in person, one is susceptible to interruptions from the opposing side or as well as having
to think on the fly and keep their train of thought going while constantly countering what the
opposition is saying; but with argumentative writing one can freely express all their ideas without
opposition until a person is finished reading their paper. That being said, argumentative writing
can be looked at metaphorically like a dance. To explain, when you see another person at a club or
an event that you think is cute, you have to engage them in an icebreaking conversation. Then
when the house band or DJ starts playing you ask the person to dance. While dancing you have to
keep up with the beat and keep your partner actively engaged with the music. If you begin to slip up
or lose the beat, your partner can become disinterested
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10. How to Write an Argument Essay
How to Write an Argument Essay There are five main steps. Step 1: Read the essay Read the
question. Decide what kind of essay it is – opinion, compare/contrast, problem and solution, cause
and effect, or a mixture. The type of question will decide the layout and your ideas. Step 2:
Underline Underline key vocabulary in the question and write words with the same or related
meaning. This will really save you a lot of time later on. It will also help to avoid repetition of
words, and will show that you understand the question. Vocabulary 1: Read and Underline Key
Words Should governments spend money on space exploration, or should they spend the money on
problems here first? 2: Write Down Other Words with the Same Meaning...show more content...
| |Seven/eight sentences |Argument 1 or Reason 1 | | |Example, Explanation, or supporting detail | |
| | | | | | |Argument 2 or Reason 2 | | |Example, Explanation, or supporting detail | | |Argument 3 or
Reason 3 | | |Example, Explanation, or supporting detail | | |Summary sentence for Para 2 |
|Paragraph 3 |Topic Sentence
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11. The Importance Of Writing An Argumentative Essay
As a student in a beginning English class some elements may seem difficult at the beginning but
with practice they become long lasting skills. Writing an argumentative is not an easy task there is a
lot of elements that have to come together to create a successful essay but as many other things, it
requires constant practice and effort. At the start of this course I wasn't a very good writer myself,
and I can see the huge improvement this course made by looking at my first argumentative essay. I
was able to identify and apply the requisites of a good argument essay. A well thought structure,
reliable evidence, and a counterargument are three essential components of argumentative writing.
The structure of an essay is the foundation to a good argumentative paper. Throughout this course
I learned the importance of having an essay structure, before I started this class I didn't have a
very clear vision of how to correctly format my essay. In my diagnostic essay, which was the first
one I wrote for English 1302, had five paragraphs. That is considered a standard structure of many
essays but it is more of a skeleton. Looking back at that essay I see how poor my introduction was,
I did not even have a clear thesis. One only thing even close to one that I could spot was, "The
"millennials," people born in the last two decades of the 20th century, are failing to reflect Rich's
model for a good education." It merely addresses the topic in a simple way. It did not serve the
purpose a
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12. Argumentative Essay On Suicide
If you bring up the subject of suicide in a room of people, it is likely that the individuals will
become quite, begin to become uncomfortable. Why is this? Is it because of the aspect of death?
Is it the ways it is done? Society may say it is a wrong and selfish act, or that a person is not
considering others and therefore it is erroneous. We live in a society where mental health problems
are rampant, societal issues take over our daily lives and out everyday stresses impact our health,
yet our understanding of the subject that is to be avoided and carries a stigma with it that affects the
way people see those who have attempted or completed suicide. When deciding if suicide is an
ethical or morally accepted action, we must take many factors into consideration. Some of these
factors may include the culture and society in which we live and our knowledge of psychological
and biological causes. With these factors in mind, we can then adopt our own personal philosophies
on whether suicide is an ethical or moral act. While not all individuals are going to agree on a
consensus, it is important to consider others opinions and be aware of them while discussing the
subject, even if it is uncomfortable.
Definition
The term suicide is not easily defined in that it many factors play a role on what is considered an
act of suicide. An informal definition can be that it is the deliberate and voluntary act of taking ones
own life. Even with the simplest definition, it still can present
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13. Examples Of Argumentative Essay
Argumentative essay presents a point of view about something and explains the reasons in order to
win readers' agreement. It is built around a specific statement (or main premise) that is debatable
within the field in which students are studying. In other words, at the center of an argumentative
essay is a statement with which readers may disagree. The argumentative essay will need to support
that statement in a manner that convinces the readers of its truth. It mainly strives to convince the
reader of the writer's point of view, using reasonable and ethical methods .The process of argument
composition varies from writer to writer, most writers follow these three stages: forming an
argument, which can consist of discovering a motive for writing and identifying an audience to
address, discovering and sharpening a position, and developing an appropriate style; supporting the
argument; and reviewing the argument, which can include considering the image projected by
argument, making substantial additions or deletions to a first draft, and adding an introduction and
conclusion (Cheng and Chen 2009, Day,1997, Liu,2005,Mayberry,2009)....show more content...
The first feature is superstructure which refers to the organizational plan of any text and the linear
progression of the text. The second feature is the quality of logical reasoning which is assessed by
analyzing the interrelationships of writers' assertions and the associated support or data provided to
substantiate those claims. The third feature is identified as persuasive appeal, including affective
appeal and establishment of writer credibility. Finally, she notes that audience awareness is an
important characteristic of successful argumentative writing. The writer must observe an awareness
of the reader's perspective by dealing implicitly or explicitly with possible
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14. Argumentative Essay On Organ Donation
The medical industry had been achieving more in the stage of medical advancements, though they
are still in the early phase. Artificial organs have been one of those achievements. Although they
have achieved such, artificial organs are not perfect. Most doctors as well as patients would prefer
to replace a dying organ with a compatible human organ, rather than with an artificial or animal
organ. Yet due to a there being less organs donated than recipients, artificial and animal organs are
becoming more common in transplants. Most of this issue is because people are unaware of how
organ donation works, the organs that can be donated, how many people are in need, and the
advancements that have happened in the field. Organ donation saves hundreds of lives every year,
but many lives are recklessly lost due to a shortage of organ donors.
Organ donation is the medical process of voluntarily giving one or more of your organs to
someone in need, whether it be someone you know or a stranger. It is strictly voluntary, no
payment for the organ/s will be given from the hospital, the recipient or the recipients family. In
organ donation, there are two types of donations, living organ donation and deceased organ
donation. Living organ donation is when the donor is still alive and voluntarily chooses to donate
one or more of their organs to a recipient(s) in need. Whereas, deceased organ donation happens
after the donor has passed away, and consent was given to be able to donate their organs.
In living organ donation, before a donor can donate there are tests administrated to see if the donor is
suitable to donate. There is an evaluation of the donor done to make sure that no physical,
psychological, or emotional harm will happen to them before, during, or after donating
(Organdonor.gov U.S. Government Information on Organ Donation and Transplantation). In living
organ donation, most donations happen within family members, or between close friends, although
there are stranger donations that happen. Living organ donors should generally be physically fit, in
good health, and between the ages of 18 to 60. They should not have a history or have diabetes,
cancer, high blood pressure, kidney disease, or heart disease
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15. Argument From Analogy Essay
The argument from analogy is an inductive argument that focuses on the problem of other minds
and aims to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. British philosopher,
Bertrand Russell, describes the argument from analogy as follows: "The behaviour of other people
is in many ways analogous to our own, and we suppose that it must have analogous causes. What
people say is what we should say if we had certain thoughts, and so we infer that they probably have
these thoughts. They give us information which we can sometimes subsequently verify" (Russell,
"Analogy", p89). Norman Malcolm argues that the argument from analogy does poorly in its
attempts to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. In assessing whether
the argument from analogy succeeds in its aims, I will raise and respond to Malcolm's objection
against the argument from analogy; Austrian–born British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Beetle
in a Box' thought experiment; as well as Welsh philosopher H. H. Price's argument and English
philosopher Stuart Hampshire's argument in defence of the argument from analogy....show more
content...
From subjective observation, Russell claims to know that A, which is a thought or feeling,
causes B, which is a bodily act (Russell, "Analogy", p110). Russell argues that believing in the
existence of other minds requires some postulate, and describes this postulate to be "If, whenever
we can observe whether A and B are present or absent, we find that every case of B has an A as a
causal antecedent, then it is probable that most B's have A's as causal antecedents, even in cases
where observation does not enable us to know whether A is present or not" (Russell, "Analogy",
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16. Argumentative Essay On Water Pollution
In recent times, a popular issue that sparks much controversy amongst the population is Pollution.
Since the Industrial Revolution, pollution has been rapidly increasing, whether it be air pollution or
soil pollution, the effects are prevalent. From the Great Barrier Reef slowly dying, to the polar ice
caps melting to climate change, pollution has been much more noticeable than in prior times.
Although, it is clear that pollution is causing great issues for our environment, many fail to
acknowledge the issue and or simply overlook the issues, especially if they do not notice how these
issues affect them personally. These effects on our environment actually impact the human body and
can affect different systems within the body such as the respiratory, reproductive orimmune system.
An issue that deserves recognition would be that of the affects of water pollution and access to clean
water on the immune system. Water is an essential factor for the survival of human beings. As a
matter of fact, life can occur on Earth because of water. Although, waster is an essential to life,
there are many in have little to no access to clean water. Water is necessary because it can help
nutrients travel within the body as well as filter out the kidneys. If one was to drink polluted water,
then they are exposing their body's systems to harmful bacteria that can harm the different systems
such as the respiratory, immune and nerve system. Exposure to water pollution and lack of access to
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17. Fallacy Essays
Fallacy
three logical fallacies that are used in this paper are Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, Far–Fetched
Hypothesis, and False Dilemma. What is a fallacy? A fallacy is viewed as an error in reasoning. To
be more exact, a fallacy is an "argument" in which the premises given for the conclusion do not
provide the needed degree of support. A logical fallacy is anerror in logical argument which is
independent of the truth of the premises. When there is a fallacy in an argument it is said to be
invalid. The presence of a logical fallacy in an argument does not necessarily imply anything about
the argument's premises or its conclusion. Both may actually be true, but the argument is still invalid
because the conclusion does not follow.
Post...show more content...
The second fallacy in the paper is Far–Fetched Hypothesis. This is a fallacy of inductive reasoning
that is committed when we accept a particular hypothesis when a more acceptable hypothesis, or one
more strongly based in fact, is available.
Doing my research I found that ads from newspapers, television, and magazines are notorious for
using the fallacy of Far–Fetched Hypothesis. The ad I am using for an example is
about Nite Trim. It states is a revolutionary new breakthrough in natural science allows your body to
melt off the excess weight while you sleep.–and for a limited time you can try it FREE!! Never
before has weight loss been achievable through a product so healthy, safe, and effective during
SLEEP! The combination of ALL–NATURAL, STIMULANT–FREE ingredients in NiteTrim have
made the dream of losing fat reachable. Our research and passion for helping people lose weight
has paid off for doctors and their patients for years, now it's your turn!
For the first time, natural ingredients can be as strong as pharmaceuticals...and with NiteTrim you
avoid the negative side effects, bothersome prescriptions and high prices!
The ad for Nite Trim uses Emotional Appeal and Far–Fetched Hypothesis to persuade the reader to
use the product. First they show a picture of a thin beautiful young lady in a bathing suit. The
statement from the picture is saying this product will make you look like
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18. Rhetorical Triangle Argument
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
What all is a demonstrated when an argument essay is being written? A writer, when discussing a
good argument, will use four important sections. They are the introduction, the presentation of the
writer's position, the summary and critique of alternative views, and finally the conclusion (Ramage,
Bean, & Johnson, 2012). Argumentative essays are in a form of the writer's way to either have their
audiences be in agreement with the topic or being in a disagreement. Creating a rhetorical triangle
argument, a template or order of structure in an argument can be the best form of question
development to begin an argumentative paper. (Ramage, Bean, & Johnson, 2012). The different
appeals that are called persuasive...show more content...
(Ramage, Bean, & Johnson, 2012). The best way in choosing an argument is finding a topic that
can make a good statement or debate. Gathering enough evidence to prove your topic, can have the
audience agree with the focus. College students will tend to write on arguments that they are very
interested in or something that they can relate too. There two main helpful ideas when choosing
evidence and research. First hand research is research that has been established by doing
interviews, experiments, surveys, or personal experiences and anecdotes. Second hand research is
research from getting other ideas and or information such as books, periodicals, and web sites. All
evidence of work must be trustworthy, dependably, and credible resources (TheWriting Lab & The
Owl at Purdue, 2016). The reason for an argument is to persuade other people or another person, to
your point of view (Hult & Huckin, 2016). The 5 key terms of information are specific thing to
look upon when creating an argument. Persuade who are undecided to agree with you, reinforce
views with those who already agree with you, try and change the minds of those who are in
disagreement, what is being written, the writer should have his/her own feeling to the choose looked
upon or frowned upon, and finally, a college student whether they are or not, they need to show the
ability to work through the
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19. In order to have a good argumentative essay, there are a few important standards of critical
thinking that is needed to be found in the essay such as the clearness, accuracy, importance or
relevance, sufficiency, depth, breath and precision that is stated by Nosich. The strength of this
argumentative essay is consider weak because it does not capture the interest of the reader and
was not persuasive enough; even though from the introduction of the argumentative essay
includes full sentences and a good opinion, the argumentative essay is all objective. The
introduction includes too much of the emotional appeals, such as when it wrote " Day after day
the number of people worshipping this icon has been growing since the birth of this creature. well
to many it may seem harmless idol but in my opinion, Mickey Mouse is an 'devil in disguise'
influencing the minds of young and old people to adopt the culture of the 'devil' which doesn't
blend will with the moral values of society and should be banned". To improve the introduction, the
writer should include of all objectives statements relative facts and appeals to the mind of people
who agree or disagree with the topic.
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20. The expression argument has two meanings in scholarly writing. First, it means a composition that
takes a position on one side of a divisive issue. You might write an argument against the death
penalty, or for or against censorship of pornography. But argument has another meaning, too. It
means an essay that, simply, argues a point. You might assemble an argument about the significance
of ancestor myths in a certain aborigine culture, or you might write an argument defending your
understanding of any poem or essay that is read in your philosophy class. (Winthrop University)
You are not necessarily taking one side of a divisive issue, but you are required to defend your
points with credible evidence. You are taking a position. In a sense,...show more content...
In emotionally stimulating situations, however, the audience will hold more sturdily to its beliefs
the more strongly those beliefs are challenged. Young, Becker and Pike suggest breaking these
barriers to communication by using a variation of Rogers' non–directive therapy. In
"Communication: Its Blocking and its Facilitation," Rogers suggests that in emotional disputes,
neither party should put forward a position until she has carefully, non–judgmentally and with the
maximum possible empathy restated the position of the other, to the other's satisfaction. (Brent)
This will convey to the other the sense that he is understood and that the two parties are more
similar than different, thereby creating a context for communication. (Brent) Carl Rogers was born
January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois, the fourth of six children. His education started in the second
grade because he could already read before kindergarten. He spent his adolescence isolated,
independent and self–disciplined. He went to the University of Wisconsin as an agriculture major,
but later switched to religion to study for the ministry. He has been quoted as saying "that his new
experiences so broadened his thinking that he began to doubt some of his basic religious views."
(Boeree) Carl Rogers later married Ms. Helen Elliot and moved to New York to start school at the
Union Theological Seminary, a famous liberal religious institution.
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21. What Is An Argumentative Passage Analysis
What is an argumentative passage analysis?
In a passage analysis, you take some piece of written prose which contains an argument and extract
the argument from it. In order to do this, you must identify the conclusion of the argument, as well as
any premises that support the conclusion, and structure them in such a way that the argument is
clearly valid (if indeed it is valid in the passage).
Here is an example of an argumentative passage:
Socrates is a man, and all men are mortal. As such, Socrates is mortal.
Properly analysed, this passage could be put into premise–conclusion form as follows:
Socrates is a man.
All men are mortal.
в€
Ň‘ Socrates is mortal.
That was an easy example. Sometimes it's more difficult to tell which claim is the conclusion and
which are the premises. Consider:
But of course, this argument is terribly misguided. After all, by any reasonable definition of the
word "human," an unborn child of any age is as much a human as you or me. That is why abortion is
never permissible. The aforementioned argument is right to say that it is never permissible to kill
humans, but wrong to say that fetuses are not humans.
This passage is much more difficult to formalize. The first problem we encounter is that it's not clear
which sentence contains the thesis. We may be tempted to look towards the first and last sentences
for a clue, but it seems unlikely that either of these is the main point being argued by the author. At
the very least, those do not seem to be the
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