herbs used in arthritis

2.  RA is the chronic inflammatory and systemic auto
immune disease predominantly affecting the joints
and periarticular tissue.
 Chronic untreated inflammation may lead to joint
erosion and destruction.
 RA is a complex process, involving synovial cell
proliferation and fibrosis, pannus formation and
cartilage and bone erosion.
This process is mediated by an interdependent
network of cytokines, prostanoids and proteolytic
Enzymes.

3.  About 1% of the world's population is
afflicted by RA
 Prevalence Of 0.75% in India
 Most common in women than man
( Female: male ratio of 3:1)
 Affecting people between the age of
20-55 years
 40% of RA patients are registered as
disabled with in three year of onset
and around 80% are disabled within
20 years.

4. Symptoms of RA includes
 Morning stiffness that last for at least 1 hr.
 Joint pain with warmth, swelling, tenderness
and stiffness of the joint after resting
 Low-grade fever.
 Inflammation of small blood vessels can
cause small nodules under the skin, but they
are generally painless

6. • The dominant feature is inflammation,
primary in synovium.
• The synovial membrane in RA becomes
hyperplastic.
• There is an increased number of both type
synoviocytes and is infiltrated with immune
and inflammatory cells: particularly
macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes, plasma
cells and dendritic cells.
• Increased levels of cytokines are present.
Cytokines play a central role in the
perpetuation of synovial inflammation.

8.  NSAIDS
e.g. Etoricoxib, celecoxib, paracetamol etc.
 Corticosteroids
e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, methyl
prednisolone
 DMARDs
e.g. Methotrexate, Leflunomide
 Cytotoxic drug
e.g. Cyclophosphamide

9.  Complete Freunds Adjuvant Induced (CFA)
Arthritis in Rats
 Pristane induced arthritis (PIA)
 Oil-induced arthritis (OIA)
 Caragennan induced paw edema
 Formaldehyde induce arthritis
 Streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis
 Aureus-induced septic arthritis

10.  Aristolochiabraceata (whole plant)
 Ammaniabacifera (whole plant)
 Boswellia serrata (whole plant)
 Cassia uniflora (stem)
 Centellaasiatica (leaves)
 Glycirrhizaglabra (rhizomes)
 LawsoniaInnermis (leaves)
 Phyllanthusamarus (herbs)
 Punica grantum (seeds)

11.  Ricinuscommunis (leaves)
 Tinosporacardifolia (leaves)
 Urgeniaindica (bulb)
 Harpagophytum procumbens
(herb)
 Salixalba (bark)
 Hedera helix (whole plant)
 Plumeria alba (leaves)
 Indigofera tinctoria Linn. (leaves)
 Myristica fragrans Houtt (fruits)
 Withania somnifera

12.  Aloe barbadensis
 Piper nigrum Linn
 Zingiber officinale
 Curcuma longa Linn.
 Mangifera indica Linn.
 Leucas aspera Linn
 Saraca asoca Roxb.
 Terminalia chebula Retz
 Psoralea corylifolia
 Acacia catechu(L.f.)Wild
 Cassia fistulaL