McDonald constructed a soccer skill test in 1951 to measure accurate kicking, ball control, and judgement of a moving ball. The test involved having subjects kick stationary balls from behind a restraining line as many times as possible within 30 seconds. The number of kicks were summed across three trials to get a final score. The test using a nine foot restraining line showed the highest validity. It was found to be a fundamental way to test soccer skills like controlled kicking ability.