Latest trends in information technology

LATEST TRENDS
IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
By:
ATIFAAQUEEL
Guest Teacher
Electronics Engg. Section
University Women’s Polytechnic
Zakir Hussain College of Engg. and Tech
Aligarh Muslim University

Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Information Technology
• Latest Trends in IT
• Internet of Things
• Virtual Reality
• Big Data Analytics
• Cloud Computing
• 5G Wireless Technology
• Conclusion
• References

Introduction
• ITAA (Information Technology Association of America)defined
information technology as being the study, design, development,
implementation, support and/or management of any computer based
information system.

Information Technology
• Of many revolutions that have
changed the world, it is
Information Technology that
rules the roost in the 21st
century.
• IT has led to complete
metamorphosis of society.
• Life without technology is
paralyzed today.

Latest Trends in Information
Technology
• Internet of Things
• Virtual Reality
• Big Data Analytics
• Cloud Computing
• 5G Wireless Technology
• Artificial Intelligence
• Enterprise Software
• Blockchains
• Seamless voice recognition
• Wearable Technologies

WELCOME TO FUTURE
TECHNOLOGIES

The new IT platform will enable the 4th wave of economic revolution

Industrial Intelligent Automation
• Industrial Intelligent Automation will be enabled by IoT, Cognitive/AI, Analytics,
Intelligent Machines and Assembly Lines, Robots and Robotics, Edge (Fog)
Computing and Swarming Technology.
• We are seeing an increased number of robots designed for industry specific
applications.

Contd…
The future of farming involves robots and drones

Intelligent Automated Transportation
Systems
Technologies such as IoT, Cognitive/AI, analytics, advanced vehicle
communications, edge (fog) computing and swarming technology, will enable
driverless on-demand vehicles… virtually eliminating accidents, reducing
congestion and pollution, while increasing productivity.

Contd…
Driverless cars get all the press but think about all the other autonomous
transportation vehicles that are coming…
Source: Bill Chamberlin, Distinguished MI Professional, Technology Trends to watch in 2017(IBM internal version) /
Horizon Watch Community Leader. 2017

Autonomous On Demand Aviation:
The future of air transportation will be autonomous and on demand. Enabling
technologies will include IoT, AI, Cloud, Fog Computing, Swarming Technology,
Quantum Computing technology.
Companies to watch:
• Uber
• Airbus
• Kitty Hawk / Zee.Aero
• Joby Aviation
• Urban Aeronautics
• Lilium Aviation
• AeroMobile
• Volocopter
Source: Bill Chamberlin, Distinguished MI Professional, Technology Trends to watch in 2017(IBM internal version) /
Horizon Watch Community Leader. 2017

What will come??
The Future of Work will involve a partnership between humans and
cognitive systems technology.

Where are we headed
The future (2040-50) IT platform will be very fast and optimized for
distributed cloud-based cognitive applications.
Characteristics:
• Distributed / Edge Computing
• Secure
• Data as an Asset
• Blockchain
• Analytics
• Cognitive
• UX by Design
• Very Fast a Zettascale computing (1021)?

“How much more IOT can do is only left to your imagination and to
your budget. You can do as little or as much with IoT as you want.”
Internet of Things (IOT)
- We Are At The Tip of An Iceberg

The Internet Of Things
IDC estimates there will
be approximately 212
billion things globally by
the end of 2020. Extreme
Networks estimates that 5
billion people will have
Internet
access.
The ‘Internet of Things’ will
generate $14,400,000,000
of value over the next
decade1.
There will be 40 times more
devices than people on the
Internet in 20202.
source: 1read.bi/1yDOQQ3 | 2 http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24366813

KEVIN ASHTON: The Father of IoT
In 1999, Kevin Ashton coins the term INTERNET
OF THINGS (IoT) and establishes MIT’s auto ID
center a global research network of academic
laboratories focused on RFID and the IoT
He believed IoT could “turn the world into data”
that could be used to make macro decisions on
resource utilization.
“Information is a great way to reduce waste and
increase efficiency, and that’s really what the
Intewrnet of Thnings provide”
Source: The reimagination thought Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015
KEVIN ASHTON

More Connected Devices Than People

1. SENSORS and Actuators
• We are giving our world a digital nervous system. Locating data using
GPS sensors. Eyes and ears using microphones and cameras, along with
sensory organs that can measure everything from temperature to pressure.
Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic

2. CONNECTIVITY
• These inputs are digitized and placed onto networks.

3. PEOPLE and Processes
• These networked inputs can then be combined into bidirectional systems
that integrate data, people, processes and systems for better decision
making.

Contd…

What is Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality (VR) is the illusion of a Three-Dimensional, Interactive,
Computer-Generated Reality, where Sight, Sound, and sometimes even
Touch are simulated to create Pictures, Sounds, and Objects that actually seem
real.

Why VR
VR is able to immerse you in a Computer-Generated World of
your own making: Room, City, The interior of Human body. With
VR, you can explore any Uncharted Territory of the Human
Imagination.

History of VR
• In 1950s, flight simulators were built by
US Air Force to train student pilots.
• In 1965, a research program for computer
graphics called “The Ultimate Display”
was laid out.
• In 1988, commercial development of VR
began.
• In 1991, first commercial entertainment
VR system "Virtuality" was released.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/virtualreality

Types of Virtual Reality
1. Immersive VR :
• Completely immerse the user's personal
viewpoint inside the Virtual 3D- World.
• The user has No Visual Contact with the
physical world.
• Often equipped with a Head Mounted
Display (HMD).
2. Window on World (WOW):
• Also known as Desktop VR.
• Use of a Monitor to display the visual
world.
• Does Not require Special Hardware.
• Low Cost , Low Performance, Less
Immersion.
Source: www.slideshare.net/virtual-reality

Types of Virtual Reality
3. Telepresence :
• Real-time Telepresence-
 Interaction are Reflected to some
real world objects.
• Delayed Telepresence
 Interactions are Recorded, and later
operations are applied to the real-world
object.
4. Augmented Reality :
• The seamless merging of Real
space and Virtual space.
• Integrating the Computer-
Generated Virtual objects into the
Physical world which become in
a sense an equal part of our
natural environment.

Applications of VR
1. Entertainment and Movies :-
• 360-Degree cameras or VR
cameras, that have the ability to
record in all directions.
• VR cameras are used to create
images and videos that can be
viewed in VR.
• The experience allows users to
interact with the characters and
worlds.

Contd…
2. Biological :-
• Practice performing surgery.
• Perform surgery on a remote patient.
• Teach new skills in a safe, controlled environment

Contd…
3.GAMES :-
• The use of graphics, sound and
input technology in Video
games can be incorporated into VR.
• The VR Technology gives feedback
through visual, auditory, haptic and
other sensory systems.

Contd…
4. Education and Training :-
• Provide learners with a Virtual
environment where they can
develop their skills without the
real world consequences of
failing.
• The fully Immersive training
environment allows to train
through a wide variety of
Terrains, situations and
scenarios..

Problems and Advantages
• Motion sickness / Simulator sickness
• Low-Accuracy
• Expensive
• Bit lack of integration between application
• packages.
 Cost-saving
 High-level contact between participants in VR.
 High-Accuracy system
 VR enables us to experience the virtual world that is impossible in real
world.
 VR is changing our life, eventually VR will increasingly become a part of
our life.
 The Best of VR is Yet to Come

Evolution Of Technology
Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-hadoop

Internet of Things(IoT)

Social Media

Other Factors

What is BIG DATA

Astonishing Growth of BIG DATA
Today, every two days we create as much data as we did from the beginning
of time untill 2000.
• By 2020, the amount of digital
information will have grown from
around 5 zettabytes today to 50
zettabytes
• Now a days, almost every action
we take leaves a trial
• We generate data whenever we
go online, use our GPS-
equipped smartphones,
communicate our friends
through social media or do
online shopping Image source: www.Quora.com

5 V’s of BIG DATA
• 1. VOLUME

2. VARIETY

3. VELOCITY

4. VALUE

5. VERACITY

BIG DATAAnalytics
• Big Data collected by Smart Meter

How Smart Meter BIG DATA is
Analyzed

Hadoop: Solution to BIG DATA
Problems

CLOUD COMPUTING
When it’s smarter to rent than to buy

Cloud Computing
An environment created in a user’s
machine from an on-line application
stored on the cloud and run through
a web browser.
In simple language Cloud computing
is using the internet to access
someone else's software running on
someone else's hardware in someone
else's data center.

Cloud Computing Services
►Software as a Service (SaaS)-
End Users
►Platform as a Service (PaaS)-
Application Developers
►Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)-Network Architects
Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-computing

Software as a Service(SaaS)
• Just run it for me!
• Also known as On-demand Service.
• An application that can be accessed
from anywhere on the world as long
as you can have an computer with an
Internet connection.
• We can access this cloud hosted
application without any additional
hardware or software.eg: G-mail,
Yahoo mail, Hotmail etc..,
• Also they can provide security
features such as SSL encryption, a
cryptographic protocol.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)-
Application Developers
• Give us nice API (Application
Programming Interface) and take care
of the implementation.
• In the PaaS model, cloud providers
deliver a computing platform and/or
solution stack typically including
operating system, programming
language execution environment,
database, and web server.
• It is a platform for developers to
write and create their own SaaS i.e.
applications. which means rapid
development at low cost.
• E.g.: Salesforce.com, Windows Azure
etc.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-
Network Architect
• Also known as hardware as a service.
• It is a computing power that you can rent for a limited period of time.
• Allows existing applications to be run on a cloud suppliers hardware.
• Cloud providers offer computers – as physical or more often as virtual
machines – raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks

Cloud Architecture
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

Modes of Clouds
• Public Cloud
► Computing infrastructure is hosted by cloud vendor at the vendors
premises.
► and can be shared by various organizations.
► E.g. : Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Sales force
• Private Cloud
► The computing infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization
and not shared with other organizations.
► more expensive and more secure when compare to public cloud.
► E.g. : HP data center, IBM, Sun, Oracle, 3tera
• Hybrid Cloud
► Organizations may host critical applications on private clouds.
► where as relatively less security concerns on public cloud.
► usage of both public and private together is called hybrid cloud.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

Distributed vs. Grid vs. Cloud
Parameters Distributed Grid Cloud
Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes
Scalability Slowest, Rigid and
Costly
Slower, somewhat
flexible, costly
Instant, Flexible,
Pay-per-usage
Cost High CapEx Costly, sometime
monthly/yearly
contracts, no capEx
No contracts, usage
based, no upfront
costs
*Green* Low Low High- Virtualized
Pricing Model Buy servers and pay
fully weather used
or not
Rent servers and
hosting cost
weather used or not
Rent based on usage
only

Is Cloud Computing
reduces E-Wastes?
• Green IT Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is Eco-Friendly.
• We can reduce E-waste by using Cloud Computing i.e. by
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
• Cloud Computing Helps to Accelerate Green IT
• Can reduce Global Warming too..

Merits and Demerits
Merits Demerits
Unlimited storage capacity Requires a constant Internet connection
Improved performance Stored data might not be secure
Reduced software costs Stored data can be lost
Instant software updates Not clear that you can run compute-
intensive HPC applications
Improved document format compatibility Does not work well with low-speed
connections
Increased data reliability Can be slow
Universal document access Features might be limited
Easier group collaboration Each cloud systems uses different
protocols and different APIs
Latest version availability When you are offline, cloud computing
simply does not work

Wireless Evolution
Generati
on
Access
Protocol
Key Features Level of Evolution
1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less secure, support
for low bit rate data
Access to and roaming across
single type of analog wireless
networks
2G &
2.5G
TDMA,CD
MA
Digital, more secure, voice and data Access to and roaming across
single type of digital wireless
networks and access to 1G
3G &
3.5G
CDMA
2000,WCD
MA,HSDP
A,TD-
SCDMA
Digital, multimedia, global roaming across a
single type of wireless network(for example,
cellular), limited IP interoperability, 2Mbps
to several Mbps
digital multimedia wireless
networks and access to 2G and 1G
4G OFDM Global roaming across multiple wireless
networks, 10Mbps-100Mbps, IP
interoperability for seamless mobile internet
diverse and heterogeneous mobile
and wireless Broadband networks
and access to 3G,2G and 1G

Technology Evolution
Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014

5G DRIVERS
Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G
communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014

5G: A Paradigm Shift and Rethinking
of Mobile Business

Research Challenges for 5G

Capacity (New Air Interface)

Quality, Efficiency and Cost

5G Timeline

Features of 5G Technology
• 5G technology is going to be a new revolution in wireless systems market.
• As data traffic has tremendous growth potential under 4G. existing voice
centric telecom hierarchies will be moving flat IP architecture where base
stations will be directly connected to media gateways
• 5G will promote concept of Super Core, where all the network operators will
be connected one single core and have one single infrastructure, regardless of
their access technologies.
• 5G will bring evaluation of active infra sharing and managed services and
eventually all existing network operators will be MVNOs (Mobile virtual
network operators).
• 5G technology would offer high resolution for wireless gadget users and bi-
directional large bandwidth shaping.
• The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and
effective.
• The high quality services of 5G technology is based on Policy to avoid error.

Conclusion
• IT is now called industry 4.0 which means artificial intelligence, smart
devices, big data, social media.
• IT and computer network technology is continuing to develop in new and
interesting ways.
• Some key developments that have transpired over the past several years
include:
• The growing popularity of cloud computing and cloud storage
• Improvements to mobile (cellular) network infrastructure: 5G is yet to
come.
• In 2018, an array of new devices targeted at the Internet of Things (IoT)
market will undoubtedly compete for our attention.
• The Pace of IPv6 Rollout Continues to Accelerate.
• The field of AI is growing very fast and develops computers and machines
with human-like intelligence which is dangerous for the humanity.

References
[1]. Bill Chamberlin, Distinguished MI Professional, Technology Trends to watch
in 2017(IBM internal version) / Horizon Watch Community Leader. 2017.
[2]. The Reimagination thought, Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015.
[3]. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, Internet of things(ppt), Wisma IEM, Petaling Jaya,2014.
[4]. Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication
technologies, 5G World Summit 2014
[5]. http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic.
[6]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/virtualreality
[7]. https://www.slideshare.net/virtual-reality
[8]. www.edureka.com/big-data-and-hadoop
[9]. https://www.slideshare.net/cloud-computing
[10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloudcomputing
[11]. https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
[12]. https://www.quora.com

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