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Dr Alisdair Ritchie | Research: The Answer to the Problem of IoT Security
- 1. <ALISDAIR RITCHIE> PETRAS – National IoT Research Hub University of Warwick Research:TheAnswerto the Problem of IoT Security
- 2. Research: The Answer to the Problem of IoT Security. Dr Alisdair Ritchie – PETRAS Impact Champion. WMG, University of Warwick.
- 3. Setting the Scene • Cyber attacks cost businesses as much as $400 billion a year (Lloyds London) • 99.9% of exploited vulnerabilities were compromised more than a year after the vulnerability was published (Verizon 2017 Data Breach Investigations Report) • Devices – 20.4 billion connected devices in use by 2020 up from 8.4 billion in 2017 (Gartner) • Internet of Things – In 2017, spend on IoT hardware was $2.09 billion (Gartner) 3
- 4. The Internet of Things (IoT) • Smart technologies make previously unintelligent things (like home thermostats, white goods, or building management systems) able to compute and communicate – typically wirelessly • Almost all the data that IoT devices send is to other machines – there are no humans involved: ‘M2M’ communications • Generic chipsets can be used to provide specific functionality without consideration for the rest of the functions • Security can cost more to research and implement than to make the devices themselves
- 5. Applications of IoT – diverse and pervasive • Households – Smart thermostats – White goods – Televisions • Building Management Systems (BMS) – sensors and controls – Heating, ventilation & air conditioning – Access controls • Industrial and Utilities control systems – Sensors and actuators (pumps, heaters, valves, etc.) • Medical and Hospital equipment – Patient monitors – Patient information recording • Transport – Condition monitoring – Asset location • Retail
- 6. The Future Digital World • Big Data - 90% of all the data in the world has been created in the last two years (SINTEF ICT) • The Robot “Birth Rate” is doubling every five years (International Federation of Robotics) • AI could add an additional £630bn to the UK Economy by 2035 (Government AI Report – Dame Wendy Hall) • Regulations to govern these functions don’t exist yet and research is required to generate this knowledge
- 7. What are the Issues that need to be tackled?
- 8. Some examples of threats • Contactless card skimming • Hacking Building Management Systems • Baby monitors • Smart TVs • USB devices • Smart domestic goods • Smart toys • Cars, now and in the future • Healthcare device – From Fitbit to infusion pumps
- 9. Smart Toys Increasingly, toys are equipped with internet communications, cameras, geolocation, etc. • Risk of digital stalking and peeping (geolocation with picture data) • Robots, dolls, drones • Threat not yet fully emergent, but risk is perceived • PETRAS project at Lancaster called IoT4Kids seeks to understand the security and privacy implications for children using the IoT See: http://www.cnet.com/news/hello-headaches-barbie-of-the-internet-age-has-even- more-security-flaws/
- 10. The Value of Personal Data Bagram US Air Base in Afghanistan as lit up by Strava Source: BBC
- 11. Positive for the Future • Productivity – Research could see machines double their outputs every four years through rapid decision making and environmental learning • Retail and Logistics - Faster / more accurate order delivery on demand • Healthcare – Simple devices could provide solutions that enable elderly people to stay in their homes – NHS Dementia Test Bed
- 12. What is the UK doing about it?
- 13. PETRAS – key facts Projects grouped by type into ‘Constellations’, sample one or more of the Stream threads • 11 world leading universities • Combined hub value: £23m • More than 50 projects launched since 2016 • Blackett Review expertise • 47 partners at submission, 60+ added since, combining presence in the UK, Central Europe and America (giving International links and perspective) • Inter– and multi-disciplinary focus split between social and technical knowledge spheres
- 15. Social and physical science challenges
- 16. 16 Aims • Deliver real co-produced cross-sectoral, impactful, and timely technical and socioeconomic benefit; • Place the UK as world-leader in expertise and deployment of trusted IoT technology; • Create a cross-disciplinary environment across research domains, industries, and government departments; • Create a social platform for innovation and co-creation with users and stakeholders; • Provide an enduring legacy from the PETRAS Hub, beyond the end of the funded period. To:
- 17. Research into IoT Systems
- 18. PETRAS Demonstrators • IoT in the Home (BRE) • IoT in Critical National Infrastructure (Airbus / Costain) • Data Sharing in the IoT (Cisco) • IoT in Smart Buildings (Newcastle and Cube Controls) • Moving in the IoT (Meridian / Costain / JLR) • Art Connect (Tate) Around £1m invested, including match funding ‘Safe Deployment of Knowledge in use’
- 19. IoT in the Home The context of the demonstrator project is BRE’s Innovation Park, which includes more than 8 domestic buildings, 3 of which have integrated photovoltaic power generation (PV) with battery storage and network import/export management. Deliverables: • Real full-scale ‘Smart Home’ • Smart Home simulator • Use case – Micro energy- trading in a community • Report on factors influencing adoption & acceptability • Guidelines for secure IoT deployment Impact: • Design, procurement, deployment and operation • Government and Industry policy advice
- 20. Art Connect - Tate • Identify pieces, ensure provenance • Monitor location and movement, temperature and pressure • Observe condition across borders in a seamless, secure, and cost-effective way Protecting the irreplaceable!
- 21. What is the Challenge? • Increase knowledge of the need for cybersecurity to address the drive to the cheapest solution • Provide common knowledge base that allow government and industry to make informed decisions • To move some of the onus for research into issues which affect us all into the public space • To build communities that can work together on the problems of the future
- 22. Artificial Intelligence Today’s Issue or the Future’s? “the people writing the algorithms for software that will control many automated aspects of our daily lives in the future are mainly young, white men.” “Almost by definition, machine learning algorithms will pick up on any bias in the data they are given to learn from” Dame Professor Wendy Hall University of Southampton and PETRAS writing in “The Conversation”
- 23. “If the Burden for Ensuring Security Falls on Consumers then we have Failed” Professor Joe Butler, Former Chief Scientist to the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
- 24. Thank you! Dr Alisdair Ritchie (a.ritchie@warwick.ac.uk) PETRAS Impact Champion - WMG, University of Warwick
Editor's Notes
- Cars, planes, homes, cities, and even animals are being connected. We are putting software everywhere. In today's world, it’s important that technology is available, protected and secure. Interdisciplinary engineering incorporates the knowledge and skills associated with other disciplines. This type of engineering has a broader scope than traditional engineering. Cyber Security is developing into a core subject
- Big Data - Look to massive research centres created by internet companies such as Facebook and Google. The rate of expansion for date is increasing IoT devices market in 2017 represents some 8.4 million devices which are worth almost $1.7 trillion. Meanwhile the rapidly growing IoT services market was worth $273bn in 2017. This is a huge market for a technology which has existed for less than 20 years. This market is forecast to expand to more than 20 billion connected devices with a value of $3 trillion by 2020 Robotics – there are around 1,8 million industrial robots in the world today but with the robot birth rate doubling, this is expected to more than 3 million units in 2020
- Productivity – As Industry 4.0 and smart factories evolve this will lead to lower costs, greater production capacity, faster and more accurate production with higher quality and reliability where all the robots in a factory are able to learn changes in conditions and evolve processes together. Indeed it has been said that The factory of the future will have only two employees, a man, and a dog. The man will be there to feed the dog. The dog will be there to keep the man from touching the equipment. Currently many of these processes sit in manufacturing but as this extends to food production and water management, it could help to offer a solution to what will be one of the big issues of the future – food and water. Retail and Logistics – 3D printing will allow for the production of low volume items on demand whilst the smart inks will impact in tracking and tracing products. This will allow traders to track products at an individual unit level by where they were manufactured, for what market, what level of tax was paid as it crossed borders so that the logistical and quality assurance chain can be determined throughout the life of every product. Healthcare – Perhaps one of the most dramatic changes that connected technologies will ring is to the healthcare industry. Could this be the answer to problem that has become increasingly evidence. People getting older and sicker – Dementia and long term illness whilst traditional killers like heart disease are more preventable Not able to look after themselves and so not able to stay in their own homes – could technology provide the bridge that allows them to remain in home? Devces which can detect people’s location, if they have fallen Used the bathroom more than usual – URT Unusual sleeping, eating or drinking patterns Issues can be followed up by a clinician
- So what does PETRAS stand for P E T R A S – it is around this core of cyber security issues that the hub’s research is based. The hub also looks at all of these aspects from both a social and a technical aspect. My own role as Impact Champion is to engage and build partnerships, develop socioeconomic impact in its widest sense and secure a future legacy for the hub beyond its initial three year funded period.
- Research into all areas of the cyber security of the internet of things including: Connected and autonomous vehicles – both between vehicles and to their environment and the surrounding infrastructure The smart buildings, homes and factories of the future and how they come together to form Smart Cities and Public Spaces that we will live in And Healthcare including implantable medical devices and social care And often how many of these individual systems interact to form a systems of systems If anyone wants to discuss PETRAS with me then please do contact me
- Id and track -> reassembly, nature of the object, how it feels, history background audience and researcher reception history impact on culture sociocultural impact . Audiences device to pick up data object context aware. Insurance premiums other conversion rates…