Nursing Metaparadigm Paper

Nursing Metaparadigm Paper
ANA defines nursing as "The protection promotion and optimization of health and abilities,
prevention of illness and injury alleviation of suffering of human response, and advocacy in the care
of individual, families, communities and population" (ANA, 2013).
A metaparadigm is a set of theses or ideas that provide structure is how a discipline should function.
There are several different nursing theories. These 4 metaparadigms are as follows:
1. Person – The person is the individual receiving care, including family members and others who
are very important to the patient. While providing the care as a nurse, we always consider the
patient's/client's biological, social, psychological, and spiritual elements. With positive personal
connection, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health and wellness cover a person's lifespan. Health is not to be well, but to be able to use well
every power we have. The following factors influence the patient's state of wellbeing. Example,
physical, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual wellbeing. We as a nurse always integrate those
factors while providing nursing care to our patients/clients so that they can get maximum benefits.
3. Environment – It is critical factor to health. Environment plays a very large and remarkable role
in maintaining health and promoting recovery from illness. The environment consists of internal and
external influences. Maintain clean quite peaceful environment and physical and social factors are
the main responsibilities of the nurses. Person can modify their environmental factor to
4. Nursing – Nursing is a service to humanity intended to relief pain and suffering for those
individuals who need healthcare. Nursing components apply principle of knowledge, skill,
technology, judgement, critical thinking skills, communication to carry out the duties and
responsibilities for achieving the best patient's outcome.
In conclusion, metaparadigm theories of nursing are a knowledge based discipline and focus on the
wholeness of human beings. Holistic nursing encourages nurses to integrate selfcare and self–
responsibility and spiritually reflection in their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Nursing Metaparadigms In Nursing Theory
In the United States today nurses care for patients from multiple cultural backgrounds, some of
which are intertwined through the melding of more than one cultural background and belief existing
in one patient and nurse. In considering a cultural theory for which I practice, I would be more in
tune with Madeleine M. Leininger. However, similar to the multicultural world, it is difficult to
consider just one cultural theory for which I ascribe and practice as a diabetes educator.
Leininger (1991) developed the Theory of Cultural Diversity in order to guide professionals in
rendering culturally competent health care. Leininger (1995) believed that patients can assist in
guiding health care providers in the type of care they need and want in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Just as we continually strive to provide up to date evidence based healthcare, we must strive to
provide culturally competent healthcare. Specifically my first consideration in practice involves the
four nursing metaparadigms: concept of person, environment, health and nursing being the
foundation to provide culturally competent health care. When planning education and consideration
to be taken in account for recommendation regarding the treatment plan, gathering information of
these metaparadigms provides the first step to what factors influence my patients in their daily life.
Moving on, Leininger (1985) realized the importance of caring and its role in the nurse/patient
relationship and ultimately upon health care outcomes. This aspect influenced the nursing theory
that best describes my nursing philosophy: Boykin and Schoenhofer (2013) Nursing as Caring.
Leininger (1985) Culture Care provides relevant tools that guide my interaction with diabetic
patients. Culture Care values the beliefs that assist, support or enable another person or group to
maintain well–being, improve personal condition, or face death or

Nursing Metaparadigm
Nursing Metaparadigm Theories
The rapid change in health care has challenged the nursing community to confront the demand for
high quality health care and improvements to the patients' quality of life. According to Bender and
Feldman (2015) the nursing metaparadigm; the person, health, nursing, and the environment. Bender
and Feldman (2015) define the nursing profession's disciplinary focus and forms the basis for
nursing knowledge, theory, and practice. The need for effective nurse led care delivery models that
provide a clear understanding of the interactions between the patient, nursing practice, health, and
the environment is imperative to improve the quality of health care in the future (Benner &
Feldman, 2015).
Nursing
Nursing theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The environment has been described according to Bender and Feldman (2015) as "man and
environment are in continuous, dynamic, interaction and will always influence a patient's wellness.
The environment is more than just the physical surroundings but also where a patient receives care.
It includes the physiological and psychological state of the patient, as well as hospital policies,
management, and the culture in which a nurse practices. In the nursing literature, there is no clear
evidence how the environment is linked to nursing, mainly in the setting where nursing occurs
(Bender & Feldman, 2015). Much of literature has focused on the patient experiencing their health
in the world, and not the patient and nurse in the care setting experiencing health and care (Bender
& Feldman, 2015). It would then appear to be an environment where the nurse is influencing the
patient's experience of health through nursing practice therefore linking the patient and nurse in an
extended environment of

Example Of Metaparadigms In Nursing
A metaparadigms in nursing are based on four essentials elements, they are: the environment, the
person, the patient's health status and the nursing practice. A nurse practitioner will use all this
concepts to assist in advance critical thinking skills by assessing the needs of individual and families
while developing a quality cost–effective health promotion and illness prevention care plans.
The environment part could disturb the health of the person, the process of adjustment results
difficult when ecological, real physical environment, cultural and monetary parts surrounding the
patient cannot be change. This component is related to everything that impacts the patient's
wellbeing. The adaptation model, it has three levels which are compensatory, integrated, and the
comprised life forms. The three adaptation models don't stay reliable and change is inevitable every
once in a while (Marchuk, 2014). When the practitioner notify the patient of the diagnoses and
provide a plan of care, assuring patient's environment is not only supportive, but accepting is key for
compliance. Understanding the surroundings around the patient's and make the pertinent changes
will avoid a futile impact on outcomes and recuperation will be accomplished.
The person component as mentioned by Marchuk's viewpoint and science of human nurturing, is
clarified as an exemplified soul in which there is harmony of nature, brain, and body (Marchuk,
2014). Through experience, I realize that anxiety,

Nursing Metaparadigm Analysis
component of the nursing metaparadigm Rationale/discussion Person In nursing metaparadigm, the
"person" refers to the recipient of nursing such as patient, family, or community (Hopp, &
Rittenmeyer, 2012, p. 94). In the presented study the "person" component of the nursing
metaparadigm consisted of patients with the myocardial infarction and the heart failure and the
researchers analyzed factors contributing to their readmission. Environment Patient's surroundings
including sociopolitical and economical background (Hopp, & Rittenmeyer, 2012). In presented
article the immediate surroundings would be related to CCU, but this component of the nursing
metaparadigm also includes patient's environment outside of the CCU. It is important to

When I first started this course, I was not aware of the importance of theories in nursing practice. I
have questioned myself, is theory is really important in nursing? In the first week, I have learned
that theories are important in nursing to improve nursing knowledge and guide the nursing practice.
During this week I have also learned about Florence Nightingale's Environment theory and its
impact in nursing practice. Learning about the historical phases of nursing was very motivating as it
gave a depth knowledge about the different stages of theory development. The review of the
historical phase brought the knowledge that professionalization of the nursing progressed by the
development and use of nursing theory. By understanding the foundation and accomplishment of
nursing, I was able to set my professional goal. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A metaparadigm has four central concepts such as person, health, environment and nursing. The
central theme of the discipline of nursing have been formalized into these metaparadigm concepts
(Alimohammadi et al., 2014). A metaparadigm concept gave an intuition into focusing patient care
in these areas to achieve the maximum patient outcomes. I do learned that nursing is a cycle of
research, theory and practice and entry to this cycle can be made at any point. In week three, I have
learned about concept analysis, its importance and the methods of concept analysis. A concept
analysis is a process to make sure the validity of a theory. Through this process a vague or unclear
concept become clearer and everyone shares a common language (Townsend & Scanlan, 2011). By
using Walker and Avant's concept analysis model I have learned how to analyze the concept of
spirituality and the importance of spiritual

Metaparadigm Of Nursing Concept Analysis
Introduction
Metaparadigm of nursing consists of a person, environment, health, and nursing (Fawcett, 1984).
This paper is a reflection of my own concept of the metaparadigm with the illustration and analysis
of my personal and professional experiences. Also, it presents, paradigm identification of my
concept definition and its rationale.
Person
Concept definition:
A person has a physical, mental and social aspect that enables him to be whole.
Meaning Perspective:
This indication of a person's aspects relates to my experience when I was a kid. For instance, my
parents, especially my dad, taught me the basics of being physically fit. He kept encouraging me to
wake up early in the morning and join him to exercise, which I genuinely ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
C on her routine activities. As a nurse, I have the opportunity and a responsibility to share the
knowledge needed by the patient regarding her health through an act of caring. I believed I was able
to provide the care she needed to achieve balance of her physical, mental and social health?. There
was an instance she refused an activity then I encouraged her to perform it explaining the healthy
benefits she will acquire. After that she completed her activities with minimal assistance such as her
walking exercise, going to the coffee club and to her therapy of choice. At the end of my shift, I
assessed her about her day by sparing time to chat with her. I was able to show care by treating her
the way my parents treated me, with understanding, kindness, and encouragement.
Identification and Rationale:
Based on my definition of nursing it is in the totality paradigm. As a nurse, I have the knowledge,
skills, and judgment in rendering care to the patient. It is by knowing how my view of a patient as a
person would guide me on how I assess him regarding his health and his reaction to the
environment. It will give a clear understanding as a nurse, in delivering quality care to achieve that
balance to the

Examples Of Metaparadigm Theory In Nursing
Introduction of Imogene King
She was born in West Point on January 30, 1923. She completed her diploma in nursing education
(1945), received her bachelor in science (1948) and master in science (1957) in St. Louis University.
She obtained a doctorate in education from Columbia University. King developed a conceptual
model for nursing in 1960.
Person
A person referred to an individual who is able to recognize, think, feel, set their goals and determine
to achieve the goals. An individual has three essential needs in their life which are the need of health
information at the right time and can be used whenever it is needed depending on the health issue
which might occur, the need for care that aims to prevent the presence of illness and also the need
for care at the time when the person is unable to help themselves during the period of illness. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Goal of nursing
The goal of nursing is to help the client or patient to maintain their health condition by involving the
process of promoting, restoring, maintaining and caring for those who are sick in order for them to
function in their roles in daily living.
Relationship among the four metaparadigm concepts
The statements made, are about an individual or a human being considered an open system which
interact with the environments constantly in order to achieve a state of health in which they are able
to function in their roles. As the focus of nursing is about the care of the human being or a patient,
thus the nurse and patient interact, set goals mutually and act towards the achievement of the goals.
The patient recognizes the world as a complete person who is making a transaction with individuals
and things in the environment.
Other concepts and their

Theories Of Nursing Metaparadigm
Theory is a set of logically interrelated concepts, statements, propositions, and definitions, which
came from philosophical beliefs of scientific data (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Basically, theory is
your best educated guess. Theory is not knowledge or anything that is objective or concrete. Theory
is not values or ethics. For example, there is a theory of how the diversity of life on the planet
works, but it is a belief of scientific data. Another example is there are different theories on what
causes autoimmune diseases. The purpose of theory is to interpret observations or project outcomes.
Theories may not be proven, but may be disapproved leading to new and more accurate theories to
be created. Theory is important to the research process. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theory is considered a grand theory because it covers a broad scope with general concepts that
can be applied to all of nursing. The idea is to have all patients care for themselves, and that they
will stay healthy or recover from illness faster. The nurse is to just fill in the gaps of care as needed.
With the nurses understanding their patients better, it is possible to treat illness more effectively with
overall health being achieved. An example of a middle range nursing theory is Mishel's Uncertainly
in Illness Theory. This theory is related to a particular phenomenon and focuses more on concrete
ideas, which makes it a middle range theory. The Uncertainty in Illness Theory explains how clients
cognitively process illness–related stimuli and construct meaning in these clients (McEwen & Wills,
2014). Uncertainty is seen if the patient doesn't form a cognitive awareness of their illness. The hope
is to help the patient's uncertainty about illness, so it doesn't damage the patients will to live and get
better. A major goal for the patient is adaptation. A situation–specific or practice theory in nursing
are narrow, circumscribed theories proposed for a specific type of practice (McEwen & Wills, 2014).
An example is theory of preserving toward normalcy after childbirth. This theory identified
strategies necessary to help manage fatigue and sleep deprivation after childbirth. This type of
theory

Compare And Contrast Betty Neuman's Concept Of Nursing...
Neuman Systems Model Betty Neuman described the Neuman Systems Model (NSM) as a
distinctive systems–based viewpoint that offers a unifying focus for dealing with comprehensive
nursing problems (Neuman, 2002). According to Neuman (2002), her model's philosophy, which is
based on wholism, reality, and wellness, has proven its significance and reliability in different
clinical and educational settings. The concepts of nursing metaparadigm utilized in the NSM are
human beings, health, environment, and nursing. The NSM sees the client as an open system where
there is an incessant cycle of input, process, output, and feedback (Neuman, 2002). The client is the
human being concept of the nursing metaparadigm, which may be a person, a family, or community.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the intervention is being planned, health care providers can utilize primary prevention to
optimize the newborn's health by paying closer attention to his nutritional status (e.g. parenteral
feedings). In a study by Ortigado (2011), it was noted that newborns with congenital heart defects
are at risk for energy imbalance that may be related to insufficient caloric intake, increased energy
requirement, or both. Secondary prevention could be demonstrated by initiating prostaglandin
therapy to keep the ductus arteriosus open, in cases of ductal–dependent defects, until a definite
treatment has been decided. Another secondary prevention would be initiating invasive cardiac
monitoring lines to make sure the newborn is doing well during and after surgery. Cardiac surgery or
cardiac catheterization is another example for secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention can be an
effective discharge planning for the newborn; this will make sure the family will have the resources
that they will need to care for the child. A well–coordinated care will aid in better adherence to
follow–ups (Lindeke & Block,

Four Metaparadigms In Relation To The Philosophy Of...
When it comes to the philosophy of nursing is revolves around 4 metaparadigms which are the 4
most general areas of the nursing practice. The 4 metaparadigms that are the main focus are nursing,
person, health and environment. All 4 of these related to both the patient and the nursing action.
The first metaparadigm is nursing, which consist of the action of the nurse as well as the
interventions. This portion includes the knowledge each nurse uses as well the skill and technique he
or she uses to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient. To me, nursing is more than a job, it
is a career. Nurses are usually at the forefront of the health care team. They asses and monitor
patients on a daily basis. They also call on other members of the health care team as needed when
they notice a change in the patient's condition. They will continue to give it their all no matter what
the circumstance may be. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The person is considered to be the individual receiving the care or information from the nurse. The
Person or client may either be the patient themselves, their family member, friends and or
community. When taking care of the client you must keep in mind their cultures, value and beliefs.
You must also know your own culture, values and beliefs as well so they do not hinder the care that
you are about to provide for the patient. When I administer care I do my best to involve both the
client and their family in the goal setting for the patient. I find that if I involve everyone in the plan
of care it leaves for a safer outcome for the

Metaparadigm Nursing Theory
Nursing: Clinical Theory Practice in the 21st Century Nurse scientists have developed several
theories to establish nursing as a profession with a distinctive of knowledge. Theories developed by
nursing scientists provide a wealth of knowledge to nurses with the language of nursing. Nursing
theories serve as a mean of communicating the type of the discipline within the profession. Also,
nursing theories intend to develop specific research questions at one hand while offer major
guidance to nurses at the other. Nursing theories define and identify relationships within concepts.
This has made nursing profession unique, different from behavioral and medical sciences. In
nursing, for example, discussion is made on unitary humans, centrality of caring, and self–care. As a
consequence of analyzing theories, metaparadigm in nursing emerges. Nursing metaparadigms in
turn provides nursing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Theory can thus be applied to different client groups and practice environment. The concepts in
middle–range theory are clearly defined. The middle–range Theory of Flight Nursing Expertise, for
example, comprises nine major themes as; training, experience, transport environment of care, flight
nursing knowledge, psychomotor skills; pattern recognition, cue recognition, action, and decision–
making (Reimer & Moore, 2009). Overall middle–range theory is not too broad, but then again it is
not too specific either. I believe that middle–range theory has just the perfect balance. For example
middle range theories can be tied to certain grand theories, but then again situation specific theories
can be tied to middle–range theories. Middle–range theories are very applicable to different
departments in the healthcare field and provide a great platform for research. That is why I believe
that middle–range theories are most applicable to nursing clinical–practice in the 21st

Metaparadigm In Nursing
There is no specific word that can definitely define metaparadigm. According to Alimohammadi,
Taleghani, Mohammadi, and Akbarian (2014), the metaparadigm signifies the foundational
component, forming a framework within which more limited structures such as focused theorization
can develop. A metaparadigm has a general concept that embarrasses the entire concept of nursing
care. Nursing is a field is based on theory, judgment, analysis, critical thing, and apply concept. The
principle discipline of nursing practice is to promote patient's well–being through therapeutic
nursing interventions, and also it is the creative use of knowledge in human care. In unit 2, the
concept of nursing that I had chosen was the holistic nursing care. The holistic nursing care is the art
and science. It encompasses health care by the values of human freedom, choice, and responsibility.
Four metaparadigm concepts (person, health, nursing, and environment) can be related to the
concept holistic nursing care because the goal of holistic care nurse is to identify the underlying
cause that may cause an impact in patient health. According to Klebanoff and Hess (2013), "Holistic
nursing is based on a philosophy of living and being that is grounded in caring, relationship, and
interconnectedness." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Person This paradigm in nursing practice is caring. In a holistic mind of view is to see the patient
first before the disease. This means to understand the patient. Showing the acceptance to the patient
regardless of the cause of the disease. Let the patient sees someone is here to take of him or her. The
most important aspect in the holistic nursing care when is to take of the patients is having no
judgmental mind. Many patients nursing are taking care of most of the time these patients are in the
full sense of the mind. Applying this concept into nursing can really promote well–being in patient's
care and treatments 2.

Incorporating the Metaparadigm of Nursing with the Theory...
I. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present a personal belief about the metaparadigm of
nursing and to incorporate it into that of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring.
II. Personal Belief on the Paradigm Every person's needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if
he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to
occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse–patient
relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory
recognizes a person's needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses
and works on the restoration and maintenance of total ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IV. Description of the Theory The Theory of Human Caring Its main concept is transpersonal human
caring, best understood within the ancillary concepts of life, illness and health (Fawcett, 2002). It
defines human life as "spiritual–mental–physical being–in–the–world," traversing continuously in
time and space. Illness is not always a disease, but can also be a state of turbulence or disharmony in
a person's inner self, whether in the conscious or unconscious level. And health is the unity and
harmony of the mind, body and the soul. Transpersonal human caring and caring transactions refer
to scientific, professional, ethical, aesthetic, creative and personalized giving and receiving
behaviors and responses between nurse and patient. These interactions allow them to experience
each other via physical, mental and spiritual paths or a combination of these paths. From these, it
can be gleaned that the precise goal of nursing is to help the patient gain a higher degree of harmony
in mind, body and soul. That harmony produces self–knowledge, self–respect, self–healing, and
self–care processes (Fawcett). The 10 Clinical Caritas These are humanistic–altruistic system of
values; faith–hope; sensitivity to oneself and others; helping–trusting and human care relationship;
expressing positive and negative feelings; a creative

Nursing Theory and Research -Paradigm and Metaparadigm
Introduction: According to Polit and Hungler (1997) paradigm is a "way of looking at natural
phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to
inquiry" (pg. 463). Metaparadigm, on the other hand, "is a statement or group of statements
identifying its relevant phenomena" (Fawcett, 1984, pg. 84). The metaparadigm has four central
concepts to the discipline of nursing and they are interrelated although they have different meanings.
They are: * Person, * Environment, * Health, and * Nursing (caring) This assignment has two parts:
A. How Fawcett (1984) describe Nursing (caring); B. Explore how nursing (caring) is expressed in
Christensen's (1990) nursing partnership model. I will include ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The passage, according to Christensen (1990) is a "social process, which can be used to describe an
experience of a significant change in a person's circumstances" (pg.26). It is characterised by the
giving and receiving of nursing in order for the patient to make optimal progress through a health
related experience. So, nursing is attending. According to Christensen (1990) attending takes place
during the time of contact between the nurse and patient and also accompanies the patient through
hospitalisation. Attending is the essence of partnership because it shows that nursing is caring and
concerning about the change in patient's life. Therefore, Christensen's model of nursing partnership
involved two or more people in a shared venture. It requires the nurse to view nursing as a
collaborative between the nurse and the client. It initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital
until they go home. It is a continuum process, which offered ways of looking at what happened
when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience.
According to Peplau define nursing is "how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will have
no disease"(Cited in Nightingale, 1992, pg. 48), which means what can and should nurses do to
promote health, prevent illness and recovery from disease. As I mentioned above in Christensen's
model, nurses work

Metaparadigms of nursing
My experience as a volunteer at the Holland Christian Homes Long Term Facility was very
enlightening as a person and more so, as a nursing student. Initially, as a student I believed health
was merely an absence of disease and that one could only enjoy good health if there was a complete
absence of medical, diagnosable problems. With more education in the health field, experience in
the health industry, there was a shift in my ideas to a socio–environmental model of health Watching
elderly residents who could not speak English in distress, when they could not convey their ideas to
the English speaking staff, was quite memorable for me as it made me realize that it took away from
them, their right to be nurtured, and understood and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, according to me the nurses only had to rely on behavioral cues such as facial
expressions and changes in vital signs to gauge the level of stress, discomfort, which are essential
psychosocial factors affecting wellbeing. Being more analytical now, I realize how health policy
could have enhanced the health experience in this situation such as, by providing more translators
and hiring more inclusive staff. Health In this situation, I thought, the nursing staff was focussing on
merely the absence of illness and disease without paying much attention to enhance the residents'
dining experience, which would have increased the level of wellbeing. According to me, objective
state of health and the subjective experience of wellness are important in establishing an overall
state of wellbeing. Throughout my experience, the feeding of clients seemed more like a ritual and
less like social event, with lack of food preferences available to the client, and lack of verbal
communication between the nurse/volunteer and the client. Since most clients had some form of
chronic disability, more efforts should have been made to enhance the dining experience and make it
more enjoyable, for instance by incorporating family recipes, asking for resident's preference for
seating, using outdoor areas if weather permits, playing music chosen by residents and making the
table visually appealing by using colorful table cloths etc. Nursing

Jean Watson's Metaparadigm Model Of Nursing
The development of a personal philosophy about nursing is essential to the growth of every nurse.
This starts in nursing school. In fact, all nurses do incorporate their personal beliefs within their
nursing practice one way or the other. The growth and maturation of a nurse can influence and/or
change their philosophy. Exposure to new beliefs and cultural differences may impact one's
philosophy; however, views of other nursing theorists could shape and help a nurse develop and
expand their philosophy.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the author's personal philosophy which was influenced by
nursing theorist Jean Watson. This paper will also compare and discuss both the author's and
theorist's philosophy with the metaparadigm model of nursing.
The role of the author as a professional nurse, among many will entail: serving, empathizing,
advocating, listening, educating and caring for others. Her nursing philosophy is about caring and
building trust–worthy relationships with clients. The base for a holistic care and overall well–being
of a client is attributed to the relationship and care a nurse builds and provides for their client. This
partnership during the caring process is what leads to achieving the goals of the client. The author's
philosophy is built on Watson's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The geographic location, family, and socio–cultural interactions can influence a person's
environment. It is essential that as a nurse one is aware of cultural differences when providing care
for clients. The author is aware that one's perception of what is culturally acceptable may not be
acceptable for one's client. This plays a role in the relationship that a nurse builds with their client.
Watson discusses environment as a transformative nature. She believes that the caring must happen
in an environment that the nurse creates to achieve the goal (Watson,

Nursing Philosophy And The Metaparadigm
According to Allison Marchuk, "nursing philosophy is a statement of fundamental and universal
assumptions, beliefs, and principles about nature of knowledge and truth and the nature of the
entities represented in the metaparadigm" (Marchuk, 2014). Nursing philosophy is the base of
practice for it ensures the application of knowledge, skills concepts, models and theories in the
provision of care. The practice of nursing is based on concepts of patient, nurse, health, and
environment. My professional nursing philosophy focuses on provision of human care/ family–
centered patient care geared towards improvement and maintenance of health. Per Hamric, advanced
practice nursing is a patient –focused care that deals with application of an expanded range of
competencies that will have an improved patient outcome (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, & O'Grady,
2014). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They widen the sphere of care from physical, psychological, social, emotional and...ensuring... are
all connected in meeting the ultimate aim of nursing care being restoration of health and delivery of
optimal care through the use of knowledge, skills, communication and collaborations in performing
nursing duties and responsibilities. As a nurse, my personal perspective of these metaparadigm is
that, they are at the core of nursing practice for they emphasize on a collaborative multidisciplinary
holistic approach of care including the physical, social,...with consideration with the effects of the
patient's internal and external surrounding to their illness, recovery or maintenance of health. They
are incorporated into my views and beliefs in that, as an advanced nurse practitioner, my
professional nursing practice philosophy focuses on a holistic approach towards patients. To treat
them as unique and dynamic individuals with care, empathy, respect and

Metaparadigm Of Nursing
The metaparadigm of nursing consists of four concepts originally recognized by Florence
Nightingale in her book Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not. These concepts include
person, environment, nursing, and health. All elements of the metaparadigm are present in Benner's
Novice to Expert theory through the definition of the seven domains. The concept of person is
present in this theory and clearly seen in the Helping Role domain. It is here that competency is
viewed in terms of perceiving patients in a holistic manner, including all aspects of their health such
as the physical, spiritual, psychological, and sociocultural components. It exists in the context of the
nurse–patient relationship. Through this relationship, nurses are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Diagnostic and Monitoring Function of nurses involves assessment skills. The ability of nurses
to be aware of subtle changes in patient condition prior to deterioration (Benner, 1984, p.100)
exemplifies the importance of "future–think," which Benner recognizes to be an attribute of an
expert nurse and a significant skill for nurses to possess (1984, p. 102). She elaborates on this idea
further in the Effective Management of Rapidly Changing Situations domain and asserts the
importance of nurses to grasp problems quickly and intervene appropriately (1984, p. 147). Within
the organizational and work–role domain, nursing is illustrating in the ability to learn and organize,
plan, coordinate multiple patient needs, and to reshuffle priorities in the wake of patient changes
(Benner, 1984, p. 147). These attributes of nurses, which vary along a spectrum contingent on
experience, guide nursing actions that ultimately influence patient

The scientific knowledge of nursing is described as a hierarchical structure. In this hierarchy, a
metaparadigm is the foundational component and forming network in which a focused theorization
can develop. The fundamental themes of nursing discipline have been developed in to the
metaparadigm concepts. The metaparadigm concept was first developed by Fawcett in the early
1980s to define the fundamental domains of knowledge that concern the nursing profession. Her
metaparadigm concept became an original philosophical approach to the nursing profession and
served as a consensus for nursing practice. In her view a metaparadigm concept will give a broad
understanding of nursing and in which the numerous nursing theories develop over the time will ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this concept nurses will look for all internal and external factors that affect the patient's recovery.
According to the patient needs nurse will modify or alter these factors. Nurse will assess the various
aspects of the patient such as culture, family and other support system and coordinate the care
according to the individual patient needs. In the nursing concept, it is an art, science and a practice
discipline which involves caring. The nurses will provide care for the well and sick, assist the
individuals in their self–care activities and help them to attain their human potentials. The nurse will
place the client in a best condition so that the nature can restore their health. The nurse will develop
a therapeutic relationship with client and family and work towards to meet the nursing goals. The
nurse also work with individual, family and communities to maintain, enhance and recover health
and reduce the effects of illness. The concept in the nursing metaparadigm is important in
determining the philosophy of nursing and nursing practice. Learning what to do as a nurse will
develop throughout the life. A greater knowledge in these concepts can improve the patient care and
ongoing development of the nursing

Example Of The Four Components Of Metaparadigms In Nursing
My personal philosophy in Nursing:
A metaparadigms in nursing carefully act like a solid spine that support as a base rock the nursing
field. The four essentials components of metaparadigms in nursing are the person, the environment,
the patient's health status and the nursing practice. A nurse practitioner will use all this concepts to
assist in advance critical thinking skills by assessing the needs of individual and families while
developing a quality cost–effective health promotion and illness prevention care plans.
The person component according to Marchuk's philosophy and science of human nurturing, is
clarified as an exemplified soul in which there is solidarity of nature, brain, and body (Marchuk,
2014). Through experience, I realize that anxiety, depression and low self–esteem most of the time
ruins recuperation and successful outcomes. This not only refers to the patient but the
family/caregiver as well. Involving the patient's family into the patient's plan of care is also known
as family–centered care, reinforcing the education also promotes positive patient outcomes.
Therefore I always take my time to explore any worries in my patient's or family member that can
influence in their recovery.
The environment part could affect the health of the person, the process of adjustment results
complicated when ecological, real physical environment, cultural and monetary parts surrounding
the patient cannot be change. This component is related to everything that impacts the patient's
wellbeing. The adaptation model, it has three levels which are compensatory, integrated, and the
comprised life forms. The three adaptation models don't stay consistent as change is unavoidable
every once in a while (Marchuk, 2014). When the practitioner notify the patient of the diagnoses and
provide a plan of care, assuring patient's environment is not only supportive, but accepting is key for
compliance. Understanding the surroundings around the patient's and make the pertinent changes
will avoid a futile impact on outcomes and recuperation will be accomplished.
The Health component is defined as a state of being free from illness or injury with good mental and
physical condition, but could be affected by different factors,

Metaparadigm
Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it
address the metaparadigm theories of nursing?
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness
and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
A metaparadigm is a concept that is extremely general, one that serves to define an entire world of
thought. "Meta" means "that which is behind," in Greek, and refers to that which under–girds
something else, serving as a conceptual basis. In her seminal (1984, cited in Slevin) work, "Analysis
and Evaluation of Conceptual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It does not deal with health in a strictly clinical manner. It concerns nurses as medical professionals
(rather than as mere adjuncts to doctors). At the same time, it defines "health" in abstract terms, in
that health is "negotiated" and "contextual," in the words of Slevin. Health is not an absolute
concept, but exists in the context of the health problems of the individual. A person suffering with
cancer considers a good, healthy day as one where they do not die or suffer immensely. But this is
no definition of "health" for the perfectly healthy individual. These terms are negotiable given the
context of the suffering. 7. Environment * This metaparadigm serves to explain the full context of
health care and of nursing specifically. It is little less than the totality of all things that impact on the
recovery of the patient. Home life, mental state, addictions, physical pain, chances of relapse,
rewarding work and a host of other variables come to define the context of recovery. All of these
clearly impact recovery, or even the patient's desire for recovery. This also includes social and
cultural dimensions such as religious belief and general attitudes toward death and suffering. 8.
Nursing * Nursing itself is a meta–theory that seeks to help contextualize nursing. While this might
sound strange, Slevin translates "nursing" into "caring." In general, this refers to any "hands–on"
medical treatment from nurse

Mock Codes in the Clinical Setting Emergency events are things that happen unexpectedly and very
often in the hospital setting. Being prepared for these incidents may vary from nurse to nurse
depending on their specialty. There are some nurses who may have never been involved in a code,
and in fact, might not know exactly what to do in these type of emergency situations. The practice
change that is going to be discussed has to do with nurses going through mock codes to ensure that
they are prepared for any type of sentinel event that might happen while they are on duty. Fater et al.
(2014) discussed that even though nurses need to sustain their competences, "Healthcare
organizations must guarantee that their practitioners are competent and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Alligood (2016), discussed how the metaparadigm of nursing "clarified the related nature of the
collective works of major nursing theorists as conceptual frameworks and paradigms of nursing."
The metaparadigm of person identifies the person that is receiving the care, which is the patient. The
patients will be benefiting from the nurses gaining additional training, which will assist the nurses to
practice safer and ultimately increase patient outcomes. The environment discusses the atmosphere
that is surrounding the patient. If patients are mindful that they are in a setting where the nurses are
aware regarding the emergency equipment or supplies, then patients will have less stress and feel
more optimistic regarding their care. Health somewhat goes with the patient's environment, if the
patient knows that the people taking care of them are skilled and highly trained, the events of stress–
induced events will be reduced. When health is considered, we need to think about all aspects
including: physical, psychological, intellectual, and even emotional. The metaparadigm of health
includes all features correlated with the patient. The last metaparadigm is nursing, which defines
solely as nursing action or the interventions associated with nursing. The nursing actions that would
be taking place is that the nurses would be participating in mock codes and practicing at a more
knowledgeable level on the floor. By having the mock codes, nurses are increasing their knowledge
and technician skills that are needed to keep patients thriving and

Metaparadigm theories of nursing
Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it
address the metaparadigm theories of nursing?
The American Nursing Association is a professional organization representing world–wide
registered nurses with a mission to improve health for all. The ANA defines nursing as "the
protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury,
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the
care of individuals, families, communities and populations" (ANA, 2013).
According to Creasia and Friberg (2011), "All theories have the potential to make substantial
contributions to the nursing profession by enhancing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family members play a big part of providing care to a patient, rather it be comfort, or education, I
would involve them in my patient care. To me, the patient isn 't just the "person" laying in the
hospital bed. Every person has values that need to be respected and nurtured.
Health. Many people consider health to being healthy, strong, well, and undiseased. I didn 't truly
realize that

Nursing Metaparadigm: My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing
Overview In this paper I will explore my personal philosophy of nursing. I believe who you are as a
person and the environment you come from has a big influence on how you practice as a
professional nurse. I grew up in a very family centered environment and for as long as I can
remember I have been concerned with the wellbeing of others. It was very important to my parents
that my siblings and I graduate from college as we would be the first generation in our family to do
so; my dad quit school after the 8th grade to help support his family and my mom married
immediately after graduating from high school. It took many years for me to complete my initial
degree as I had family obligations to uphold, there was a waiting list to get into the Associate
Degree in Nursing Program (ADN) and my need to work in order to pay for my education. I believe
my past experiences have helped develop my values as a person and helps me relate to my patients
in the culture in which I practice as a Registered Nurse (RN). My philosophy of nursing is focused
on empowering my patients to care for themselves and their family through education, advocacy,
and the opportunity to make informed choices.
Nurse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nursing is also more than just following physicians' orders, we as nurses need to be educated and
have the ability to provide compassionate care. Nurses often provide information and insight gained
from their relationship with their patient that can have a huge impact on their plan of care and final
outcome. Nurses also need to be able to educate our patients, so they can be empowered to perform
their own care as necessary. As the medical field continues to evolve and focus on interdisciplinary
teams, nurses need to be prepared to fulfill their responsibility to their

Metaparadigms of Nursing Essay
Each professional discipline has a responsibility to identify concepts that provide a general
description of the discipline. It is these concepts that comprise the profession's metaparadigm
(Fawcett, 1984). Much of the philosophy and theory of nursing stems from the work of Florence
Nightingale. The diaries, letters, and books that she left behind containing her statements and beliefs
have been fundamental to the development of the concepts comprising the nursing metaparadigm
(Selanders, 2010). Fawcett's (1984) stated there was a general consensus among scholars that the
concepts of nursing were person, environment, health, and nursing. Some researchers have
suggested that other concepts should be added to the nursing metaparadigm. For ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was then that I then realized what it was that I had been missing was the fact this lady was taken
out of her environment and away from her culture, which is very family oriented. Health Like the
other metaparadigm concepts, health is also quite general. Health does not deal with well being in a
strictly clinical manner. The concept of health must include an individual's physical, mental and
social well being. A person's health must be seen as relative, as it range is quite broad, as it goes
from a high level of wellness to terminally ill (Fawcett, 1996). "A person does not need to be disease
free to be healthy; rather one must simply maximize optimal potential to be in a healthy state"
(Selanders, 2010, p. 85). It is the responsibility of nurses to identify where the patient's health may
be on that scale and to take steps to improve their health. For example, patients of mine who are
being treated for some type of cancer may consider a healthy day as one where pain decreases or the
nausea and vomiting subsides. These symptoms would not be used to measure good health for
someone not afflicted by such illnesses. I have often started patients on patient controlled analgesia
pumps, as ordered by their physician. I recall one patient who stated her pain had decreased from
10/10 to 5/10. I told her that with dose adjustment by the physician, we should be

Metaparadigm: The Four Basic Concepts Of Nursing Theory
First of all the definition of metaparadigm is a set of theories or ideas that provide structure for how
a discipline should function. Furthermore, for a nursing discipline, these theories consist of four
basic concepts: the patient as a whole, the patient's health and well–being, the patient's environment
and the nursing responsibilities (Fawcett & Lee, 2015). The Metaparadigm is important to nurse
theory because is encompassed the keys concept of nursing theory; it is the areas of focus of patient
care. Therefore, nursing impacts the health of individuals, families, groups, and populations through
situated caring which shows level of emotional involvement in the nurse–client relationship. The
care structure considers the person's spiritual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nurse's primary goal is to empower the knowledge of the patient to make informed choices
regarding his/her health (Fawcett & Lee, 2015).
Health Component
The second part of metaparadigm nurse theory is "health." This refers to the patient's health and
wellness which covers a person's lifespan and genetic factors, and how the physical, emotional,
intellectual, social, and spiritual well–being is integrated in healthcare for the highest health
benefits. The theory is that these factors influence the patient's state of well–being (Fawcett & Lee,
2015).
Environment Component
Third, the environment aspect of the nursing metaparadigms focuses on everything around patient,
which impacts on patient's ability of recovery. The environment consists of internal and external
influences. Therefore, interactions such as family, friends and other people are part of the
environment, as are physical and social factors such as economic conditions, culture, social
connections, and technology. This metaparadigm component theorizes that a person can modify
her/his environmental factors to improve her/his health status (Fawcett & Lee,

Compare And Contrast The Culture Care Theory And The...
Culture Care Theory and the traditional nursing metaparadigm Care and culture are the key
constructs that make up the Culture Care Theory. This theory differed from other nurses' work or
mindset because nurse leaders relied heavily up on the four metaparadigm concepts of person,
environment, health, and nursing to explain nursing (McFarland and Wehbe–Alamah, 2015).
Leininger realized that those four metaparadigm concepts were to limited in its scope regarding
nursing and culture and care ideologies. Interestingly, care and culture were excluded from the
metaparadigm. "It is not logical to use nursing to explain nursing" (McFarland and Wehbe–Alamah,
2015). That is definitely a contradiction in terms and represents scholarly research ... Show more
Utilizing the culture care theory, nurses become knowledgeable of what constitutes health in
understanding the meanings and symbols of the ways of culture. Care, caring knowledge, and
actions are core components that will ensure the health or wellbeing of people in various cultures.
Kaakinen et al (2015) asserts that clients may not be prone to nurse's suggestions for health
promotion because of cultural conflicts with the client's belief and value systems.
Metaparadigm 4: Nursing
Nurses must consider the cultural health practices when assessing patients. The Culture Care Theory
is essential and must be incorporated into other nursing theories as understanding cultures and
cultural practices will enable nurses to think critically and function at full capacity when interacting
and creating treatment plans for patients in a diverse environment. Selection of Culture Care Theory
and the Master's Track The Culture Care Theory was selected because it is important for nurses to
embrace, understand, and have an open–mind when it comes to assessing patients, understanding
their cultural backgrounds, and creating treatment plans that will promote health amongst the
patients. Being biased, judgmental, and narrow–minded are not indicative of the Culture Care
Theory. Implementing the Culture Care Theory within the Master's

Nursing Metaparadigm Analysis
Personal Philosophy In this paper, the author will share her views, values, and beliefs about the four
main concepts of the nursing metaparadigm which includes the person, health, nursing and
environment. There are many important components that encompass what nursing care is. Nursing is
not only a science that focuses on a disease process but also an art form that works to heal all areas
of a patient including the body, mind, and spirit.
Definition of the nursing metaparadigm
A metaparadigm is a conceptual frame work based on philosophical perceptions which lead to how
the nursing field is viewed in the world (Taleghani, Alimohammadi, Mohammadi & Akbarian,
2013). The nursing metaparadigm is made up of four key components which are person, health,
nursing and environment.
Components of the nursing metaparadigm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To provide care to a person is not only done in the physical sense but also in the emotional or sense.
Jean Watson's theory of human caring is based on transpersonal caring (Sitzman & Watson,2014).
That is to establish a trusting nurse patient relationship and dig deeper to identify not only physical
needs but spiritual. Maxie Naramor, author of this paper, has used this technique when caring for
patients. She did this by holding an elderly patient's hand while he talked of his memories.
The second component of the nursing metaparadigm is health. This is specifically related to the
health condition of the patient. The author of this paper has experienced working with patients who
describe themselves as being in poor health when medically they are not described as being in poor
health. It is because of this that it is important to remember that being in "good health" means
something different to each patient. It is the job of the nurse to identify what the patient considers to
be helping or hindering his/her state of

Nursing Philosophy Of Nursing Metaparadigm
INTRDUCTION
Philosophy is concerned with the purpose of human life, the nature of being and reality, and the
theory and limits of knowledge (Wills, 2007). To formulate a philosophy, one must first decide what
the term philosophy means to them. Edwards, 1997, explicitly describes philosophy is an attitude
towards life and reality that evolves from nurses beliefs. This definition permits nurses to use their
beliefs to articulate and express what nursing personally signifies to them (Edwards, 1997).
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness
and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and
populations (Association, 2016). The objectives of this paper aims to describe the nursing
philosophy from four main facets of the nursing metaparadigm. A metaparadigm represents the
worldview of a discipline in its broadest perspective. These are namely; the person or the client;
which can be defined as the recipient of nursing care, including physical, spiritual, psychological,
and sociocultural components, the environment; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key factors that affect the development of one's nursing philosophy are; Accountability,
professionalism and compassion (Kutin, 2013). Nursing philosophy can be defined as a conceptual
model or framework providing a structure of reference for nurses to guide their thinking,
observations, interpretations, and practices (Meleis, 2012). Wills, 2007, further defines nursing
philosophy as a statement of fundamental and universal assumptions, beliefs and principles about
the nature of knowledge and thought and about the nature of the entities represented in the

Personal Nursing Philosophy : Metaparadigm Concepts Of...
Personal Nursing Philosophy
The purpose of this paper is to discuss my personal beliefs pertaining to the profession of nursing.
As well I will discuss the (4) metaparadigms in nursing which are known as; human beings,
environment, health, and nursing, and my personal beliefs on these concepts and how they have
similarities to the nursing philosophy of a nursing theorist.
Metaparadigm Concepts of Nursing
Human Beings
Human beings are at the core of nursing in my opinion. It is the commitment of a nurse to
understand each person on an individual level. The nurse needs not categorize the patient other than
by simply saying they are a human being and from that point let their personal beliefs and their
gained knowledge guide the care they will provide. I can relate this to Rogers (2014) saying humans
each have their own individual essence that makes them who they are as a human. My personal
feeling is that humans are like puzzles and if we only look at certain pieces trying to make a big
picture we will miss vital information, it is imperative that we build the whole puzzle to properly see
a human's big picture.
Environment
It is my personal belief that environment plays a considerable role in the patient's short term and
long–term wellbeing. When nurses acknowledge the environment that the patient is interacting in
while receiving their care we know this greatly impacts the overall successfulness of the care plan.
The patient's feelings must be

CCHD Screening
Theoretical and Ethical Basis of Practice Nursing theories and ethical principles serve as the
foundation of nursing practice, education, and research (Colley, 2003; Antipuesto, 2011). This
paper's purpose is to elaborate on the author's discussion of her phenomenon of interest (POI) on
newborn screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects (CCHD). The objectives of this paper are
to discuss the metaparadigm of nursing as it relates to the author's POI, to discuss the Neuman
system model and discuss the POI within its framework, to discuss the inter–related concepts in the
UCSF symptom management model and associate it with the Neuman system model, examine the
POI as it relates to the complexity science framework, and to distinguish ethical ... Show more
In the author's POI, the newborn being screened for CCHD is the person component of nursing
metaparadigm. The environment component is the place where the newborn was born. In this case,
the environment's altitude has an impact on the results of newborn screening for CCHD. In a study
done by Ravert, Detwiler, and Dickinson (2011), they stated that the oxygen saturation readings are
lower on newborns delivered at higher altitudes than those born at sea level. Because of the effect of
altitude in oxygen saturation readings, Ravert, Detwiler, & Dickinson suggested that there is a need
to modify the newborn screening algorithm for CCHD in places that are located in higher altitudes.
The health aspect of the nursing metaparadigm in the author's POI is demonstrated by the degree of
the newborn's wellness at the time CCHD is detected. The health status of the newborn during the
time of diagnosis has a direct correlation to the outcomes of interventions. According to Martin,
Kemper, and Bradshaw (2012), when newborns with CCHD are diagnosed late, and they are already
critically ill when they present, the prognosis for interventions are worse as opposed to the newborns
whose cardiac defects were detected early while the newborn is still doing well. Lastly, the nursing
component of the metaparadigm in the author's POI is exhibited by nursing participation in the
interdisciplinary collaborative efforts when

The Nursing Theory Of Nursing
Nursing Theory The metaparadigm of nursing consists of four parts comprised by Jacqueline
Fawcett, in 1984, in her seminal work (Alligood, 2014). The metaparadigm she developed served to
provide direction and guidance for the nursing framework already in use and became an
organization tool for theories already in use (Alligood, 2014). The four parts being person, health,
environment, and nursing. The four components of the metaparadigm concept of nursing is
important to nursing theory because they are the key areas of focus of patient care, and the
metaparadigm is designed to differentiate nursing from other specialties (Alligood, 2014). It is this
use of theories that makes nursing a profession and guides professional nursing practice, research,
and education (Alligood, 2014). Person Person can refer to the patient himself or herself. In the
metaparadigm of nursing, person refers to more than just the patient, but also the family members,
friends, relatives, and caregivers from the home setting. The nurse's goal when caring for the patient
is to nurture and empower the patient to manage their own health. Dorthea Orem's Self–Care Deficit
Nursing Theory (SCDNT) supports this idea of empowering the person of the metaparadigm
concept. Orem states that if the person is unable to take care of themselves then others must provide
the care (Alligood, 2014). Orem states that individuals are subject to the forces of nature and her
theory of self–care deficit states that

Explain The Four Metaparadigms Of Nursing
The four metaparadigms of nursing are the person, environment, health, and nursing. As a nurse
working in public health, all four of them play a very important role in my practice. According to
Marchuk (2014), these paradigms are the key concepts that explain the central knowledge all nurses
need to know.
The first metaparadigm is the person. This one emphasizes on the patient. To me, it is the most
among all of them. Since everything revolves around the patient, it is very important to treat the
patient as a person first and then focus on the illness at hand. For example, as a future advance
practitioner, I must always respect my patients' cultures and treat them with dignity. Whether it's
about choosing the right treatment or understand

Analysis Of Nursing Metaparadigm
Environment as a concept within the nursing metaparadigm incorporates the context of experiences
within everyday life including the variations in the care quality, time, and space (Smith, 1999).
Variable determinants, like space, availability of recourses, personal experiences and skills can
affect the environment and patient outcomes (Jarrin, 2012). Successful treatment of patients
presenting with acute ischemic strokes is based on time and efficiency. The timely treatment with
intravenous thrombolytic medication was associated with decreased mortality and morbidity rates
(Fonarrow, Xin Zhao, & Smith, 2014). Therefore, effective treatment of stroke patients can be
greatly affected by the various environmental determinants. The concept

The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Future...
The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Fut ure Refinement s Jacqueline Fawcett, Ph.D.,
F.A.A.N. Abstract The central concepts and themes of t he discipline of nursing are identified and
formalized as nursing's metaparadigm. Examples illustrate the direction provided by the
metaparadigm for theory development. Refinements of the metaparadigm through conceptual
models and programs of nursing research are proposed. T he discipline of nursing will advance only
through continuous and systematic development and testing of nursing knowledge. Several recent
reviews of the status of nursing theory development indicate that nursing has n o established
tradition of scholarship. Reviewers have pointed out that most work ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
9 ) The four conceptual areas of nursing are: the person receiving nursing; the environment within
which the person exists; the health–illness continuum within which the person falls at the time of the
interaction with the nurse; and finally, nursing actions themselves. (Flaskerud, cited in Brink, 1980,
p. 665) The domain of nursing has always included the nurse, the patient, the situation in which they
find themselves, and the purpose of their being together, or the health of the patient. In more
formalized terms, . . . the major components of the nursing [metalparadigm are nursing (as an
action), client (human being), environment (of the client and of the nurse–client), and health.
(Newman, 1983, p. 388) There i s general agreement that the central concepts of the discipline of
nursing are the nature of nursing, the individual who received nursing care, society–environment,
and health. (Chinn, 1983, p. 396) These statements indicate that there i s considerable agreement
among scholars as t o the concepts central to the discipline of nursing. In fact, a review of the
literature revealed no contradictory statements. RecurringThemes The relationships between and
among the concepts–person, environment, health, nursing–are elaborated in recurring themes found
in works of nurse scholars since Nightingale (1859). These themes are listed in Table 1. Summer,
1984, Volumo XVI, blo. 3 Metaparadigm of Nursing

The Four Nursing Metaparadigms
There are four nursing metaparadigms; each plays a central role in both nursing process and patient
care. These four paradigms are essential as they form the basis and makes up the elements of
nursing practice. They are important because they constitute the conceptual framework of nursing
practice. Blais and Hayes, identifies person or client, environment, health and nursing, as the four
paradigms (Blais & Hayes, 2016). 1 – Person is the patient/client that is the recipient of care and by
extension encompasses a person's family, friends, spirituality, cultural values and socioeconomic
status. By respecting a client's values, maintaining confidentiality and keeping an attentive and open
mind, a nurse develops rapport and trust, which allows the client to share his/her concerns and
provides valuable data for the nurse. Dorothea Orem's self–care deficit theory of nursing deals with
the paradigm of person (Blais & Hayes, 2016). Orem emphasized the idea of self–care, which states,
that an individual should take care of themselves. Nurses by virtue of teaching ... Show more
Florence Nightingale was the first who used the paradigm environment and linked it to the recovery
process; with an emphasis on five environmental elements. She also stressed the need to keep the
patient warm and to provide a noise–free environment (Blais & Hayes, 2016). Today we know that a
therapeutic environment is essential for healing. Studies have shown that exposure to sunlight
improves sleep in elderly along with making subtle changes in the environment, such as adding
flowers or plants can enhance client comfort. Kadohisa (2013) explained that smell can have a
positive or negative effect on mood and emotions. Studies have also shown that regular visitation by
family and friends promote patient wellness, especially in long–term care (Zimmerman et al.,

Nursing Metaparadigm Essay
A nurse is a person who had been educated with skill, knowledge and qualified in taking care of the
sick and disabled. Many theorists now have come to concede on the vital factors of 'nursing' as
conceptualizing practice by 'nurses' of nurturing for people in need of care to accomplish particular
objective of 'health' within a given situation (Hall and Ritchie, 2010). According to Orr (1977),
nursing is being a professional worker and making use of the tools of assessment, planning,
implementation and evaluation, so that nursing care is not a 'trial and error' approach but a realistic
measure built to diagnose each patient's requirement.
The term theory indicates a semantic reach from an idea, to a statement of idea in a detailed
relationships, to connect theory backed up by evidence (Dunlap, 2013). Nursing theories have
developed from the choices and assumptions about the nature of what a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kim (1989) states that the functions of a metaparadigm are to summarize the intellectual and social
missions of a discipline and to place a boundary on the subject matter of that discipline. The
metaparadigm of the discipline of nursing consisted of four major concepts: person, health,
environment, and nursing. The four fundamental of the nursing metaparadigm conceptual model
(person, health, environment and nursing) are interrelated and it is through their connections that
nursing obtains its shape and course (Hanucharurnkul, 1989). Each of these four concepts was
presented as an abstraction. Person may represent an individual, a family, a community or all of
humankind. Health represents a state of well–being as defined by the person or mutually decided on
by the person and the nurse. Environment represents the person's physical surroundings, the
community, or the universe and all it contains. Nursing is the practice of the science and art of the

Nursing Metaparadigm Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Ashley Thomas

More from Ashley Thomas (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Nursing Metaparadigm Paper