Escalators are moving staircases that transport people between floors using conveyor belts and tracks to keep steps horizontal. Jesse Reno built the first escalator in 1896 for an amusement park, while Charles Seeberger later redesigned and named the modern escalator. Escalators play a key role in transporting large numbers of people in places like shopping centers and transportation hubs. Their design considers physical requirements, traffic patterns, safety, aesthetics, and more. Escalators have components like steps, handrails, tracks, and platforms to smoothly move people up and down.

1. Escalators and moving walks

2. defenetion
• is a conveyor type
transport device that
moves people. It is a
moving staircase with
steps that move up or
down using a
conveyor belt and
tracks keeping each
step horizontal for the
passenger.

3. Historical background
• Jesse Reno, a graduate of Lehigh University,
produced the first working escalator (he
actually called it the "inclined elevator") and
installed it alongside the Old Iron Pier at
Coney Island, New York in 1896.
• Piat installed its "stepless" escalator in
Harrods Knightsbridge store on Wednesday,
November 16, 1898 Customers were given
Brandy to recover from the experience!

4. Escalator = Scala Elevator
• The escalator as we
know it was later re-designed
by Charles
Seeberger in 1897, who
created the name
'escalator' from the
word 'scala', which is
Latin for steps and the
word 'elevator', which
had already been
invented.

5. • No invention has had more of an
influence on shopping than the
escalator. Over the past 100 years
the escalator has opened up a whole
new world as a simple means of
connecting different floors
• Escalators and moving walks still play
a key role in transporting large
numbers of people. Planning
escalators and moving walks
correctly in shopping centers, trade
fair centers, stores, movie theaters
and public transportation facilities is
essential for the successful course of
business and the smooth flow of
people.

6. factors affect escalator design
• physical requirements.
• Location
• traffic patterns
• safety considerations
• aesthetic preferences.
• Foremost, physical factors like the vertical and
horizontal distance to be spanned must be
considered.

7. classifications
• According to shape

8. According to arrangement type
• Interrupted arrangement
(one-way traffic)While
relatively inconvenient for
the user, for the owner of
the department store it
provides the advantage that
due to the spatial
separation of the upward
and downward directions,
customers have to walk past
specially placed
merchandise displays.

9. • Parallel, interrupted
arrangement (two-way
traffic)This arrangement is
used mainly in department
stores and public
transportation buildings
with heavy traffic volumes.
When there are three or
more escalators or moving
walks, it should be possible
to reverse the direction of
travel depending on the
traffic flow.

10. • Crisscross, continuous
arrangement (two-way
traffic)This type of installation is
the one used most frequently as
it allows customers to travel
quickly to the upper floors
without any waiting time.
Depending on how the
escalators are positioned, the
store fitter can open up the
view onto the shop floor to
stimulate customer interest in
the goods on display.

11. Escalators Proper inclination
• 30° inclination This inclination
provides the highest traveling
comfort and maximum safety
for the user.
• 35° inclination The 35°
escalator is the most efficient
solution as it requires less
space and can be implemented
more cost-effectively. However,
this inclination is perceived as
too steep if rises exceed 5 m –
particularly in downward travel.

12. Moving walks Proper inclination
• Inclinations of 10°, 11° and
12° are the common
international standard for
inclined moving walks.
• Users find that a 10°
inclination provides the most
comfortable ride. A 12°
inclination is used whenever
the space available is limited.
• Horizontal moving walks can
generally be provided for
inclinations between 0° and
6°.

13. Componants

14. • Landing Platforms: These
two platforms house the
curved sections of the
tracks, as well as the gears
and motors that drive the
stairs. The top platform
contains the motor
assembly and the main
drive gear, while the bottom
holds the step return idler
sprockets.
• Floor plate: It provides a
place for the passengers to
stand before they step onto
the moving stairs.

15. • Truss: The truss is a hollow
metal structure that bridges
the lower and upper landings.
It is composed of two side
sections joined together with
cross braces across the bottom
and just below the top .The
ends of the truss are attached
to the top and bottom landing
platforms via steel or concrete
supports.
• steps: The steps are solid, one
piece, die-cast aluminum or
steel. Yellow demarcation lines
may be added to clearly
indicate their edges.

16. • Handrail: The handrail provides a
convenient handhold for
passengers while they are riding
the escalator ,the handrail is pulled
along its track by a chain that is
connected to the main drive gear
by a series of pulleys
• Balustrade: consists of the handrail
and the exterior supporting
structure of the escalator. It is the
escalator exterior components
extending above the steps and it
supports the handrail. It is either
designed as Interior Low-deck or
Interior High-deck.

17. • Tracks: The track system is built into the truss to guide the step
chain, which continuously pulls the steps from the bottom
platform and back to the top in an endless loop. There are
actually two tracks: one for the front wheels of the steps
(called the step-wheel track) and one for the back wheels of
the steps (called the trailer-wheel track). The relative positions
of these tracks cause the steps to form a staircase as they
move out from under the comb plate. This right angle bends
the steps into a shape resembling a staircase.

18. Safety cautions
• Escalator safety is a big concern,
especially for children. Each year,
escalator accidents are responsible
for numerous trips to the emergency
room. These accidents can occur due
to loose scarves, shoe strings or other
articles of clothing becoming stuck in
the escalator. Little hands and feet
have been caught in escalators as
well.
• Safety tips should be posted on every
escalator and moving walk to
prevent these accidents

19. Escalators construction

20. Standard dimensions