Research study ( Perception of the residents of Quintina, San pascual, Masbate Regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project of The Local Government Unit)

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PERCEPTION OF THE RESIDENTS OF QUINTINA SAN PASCUAL
MASBATE REGARDING THE INTEGRATED COASTAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT
OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of Ligao Community College
Ligao City
In partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Arts in Economics
ARNIE N. OGATES
LEA E. PITAS
October 2015

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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
Introduction
Nowadays protection of the environment is very important as the
world is moving into a new era without considering any of the major
problems of pollution with rapid industrialization. The best way to
protect the environment is conservation. Conservation is the
philosophy and policy of managing the environment to assure there is
an adequate supply of natural resources for future as well as present
generation. The environment provides both a direct value as well as
raw material intended for economic activity, thus making the
environment and economy interdependent. For that reason, the way in
which the economy was managed has an impact on the environment
which in turn, affects both welfare and performance of the economy.
Coastal resources are important components of natural resources
and they are also the important material fortunes of national economy
and society development. However, a series of problems emerged
from exploiting and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan
their own management and utilization styles in a new way.1
Considering its vastness of fishing grounds and abundance in natural

3
resources found within or along the coastal areas, still the struggle to
sustain the daily existence is hard enough to believe. It is ironic that
the richness of our coastal and upland resources had not improved the
quality of life of rural communities particularly of our municipal fisher
folk, who remained the poorest of the poor.
The economic potentials of this natural wealth remain
underutilized because of poor resource management. The need to face
the great challenge is a real and genuine response towards proper
resource management and sustainable development through good
governance. Local Governments Units (LGUs) had been given the
mandate of stewardship of our resources. Many Local Officials had
responded to this challenge, but there is a need to mobilize more of
them to become champions and advocates of resource management.2
The Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP) is
the right answer to this challenge in order to address the problem by
uplifting the living condition of the coastal communities as primary
beneficiaries. Being aware of the depletion and deterioration of coastal
and upland resources, conflict programs of government, vested
personal interest of political leaders, weak law enforcement and
economic disparity were some of the causes of the rural poverty.3

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The Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP)
is the real response to these most prevalent causes. President Gloria
M. Arroyo issued an Executive Order No. 0533 otherwise known as
“Adopting Integrated Coastal Management on the Natural Strategy to
Ensure the Sustainable Development of the Country’s Coastal and
Marine Environment and Resources, hence, effective approach to
sustainable coastal and marine development with demonstrated
benefits in enhancing economic growth, ecosystem protection,
proportion of social equity and the quality of life of the people”.4
The Local Government Code of 1991 and the Philippine Fisheries
Code of 1998 granted local government units (LGUs) more powers to
manage municipal fisheries and coastal resources. Furthermore, they
provided for the greater participation of fishermen, other stakeholders,
and the community in general in coastal resources management. As a
result, the development of approaches for the management of
municipal fisheries and coastal resources were multi-sectorial in nature
which had been enhanced. This was particularly reflected by the
phenomenal growth of Integrated Coastal Resources Management
(ICRM) programs and projects in the past decade (Pomeroy and Carlos
1996).5

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The Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP)
promotes the '' ridge -to- reef'' approach in managing coastal
resources. This management approach, addressing threats in the
upland, lowlands and coastal areas. It was expected that the result in
the development of coastal resources that was sustainable, allowing
these resources to continue providing environmental service, to
support livelihood, eco-tourism, industrial and other socio-economic
activities. The process was designed to overcome the fragmentation
inherent in single-sector management approaches (ﬁshing operations,
oil and gas development, etc.), in the splits in jurisdiction among
different levels of government, and in the land-water interface. It is a
broad and dynamic process that required the active and sustained
involvement of the interested public and many stakeholders with
interests how coastal resources were allocated and conﬂicts were
mediated. The ICM process provided a means by which concerns at
local, regional and national levels were discussed and future directions
were negotiated.6
Today we live in global consumer society. People across the
world purchase, use, and dispose of a huge variety of product which
made our lives easier and more comfortable. However, the result of
this was massive damage to our environment.

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Thus, this study aimed to encourage the residents to cooperate
and to protect the coastal resources for the economic development
and for their own sake. The local community is of great help to the
ICRMP committee, specially the senior one who have been living in the
place for more than decades. Their knowledge plays an important role.
Hence, one can designate a local leader which not only share
knowledge to the government but act as an intermediary to the local
too. It is important that locals participate in key decision and at its
earliest stage. When structuring some approaches to the ICRMP, social
and cultural factors should be taken into consideration.7
Setting of the Study
The focus of this study was the Brgy. Quintina, San Pascual,
Masbate. It has a population of 2135 with 383 households. Quintina
is a quiet place meaning there are no social activities like in cities.
Considering its geographical location, the residents mostly are
dependent on living on what they can get from the available coastal
and mostly from the marine resources, however, it become one of
the reasons why they are beset with the situation where the
resources are diminishing. The barangay of Quintina has long been
on the threshold of coastal resources affluence where coastal

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community have savored the good scene view of environment and
enjoyed the fresh air to breathe, a clean seawater for recreation and
navigation, a white beach for tranquil rest and most of all, the
abundant foods than can be sourced out from coastal-marine
resources.
Undeniably, its richness and bio-diverse coastal ecosystem of
Quintina are now '' exhausted'' and ''diminishing'' due to overuse of
the common property known as the tragedy of the common. The
uncontrolled issues of improper waste management, continuous
deforestation, siltation, illegal quarrying and illegal fishing have caused
damages on our marine habitats.
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to determine the perceptions of the residents in
Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project of Local Government Unit.
Specifically, the study sought to answers the following sub-
problems:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?
a. age;

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b. Sex;
c. civil status;
d. educational attainment;
e. Occupation, and
f. Monthly Income?
2. What are the activities under the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project of Local Government Unit in Quintina San
Pascual Masbate?
3. What are the perceptions of the residents of Quintina San Pascual
Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management
Project of Local Government Unit in terms of:
a. management procedure
b. development of the community
4. What are the advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project to the residents of Quintina San Pasccual
Masbate?
Assumptions of the Study

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This study entitled ''Perceptions of the Residents of Quintina,
BARANGAY QUINTINA
MUNICIPALITY OF SAN PASCUAL
PROVINCE OF MASBATE
REGION V
Figure 1

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MAP OF THE STUDY
San Pascual, Masbate Regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project of Local Government Unit’’ will be premised on
the following assumptions.
1. That there are varied demographic profile.
2. That there are some activities of Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project.
3. That there are different perceptions of the residents of Quintina San
Pascual Masbate regarding the integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project of Local Government Unit.
4. That there are advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project to the residents of Quintina San Pascual
Masbate.
Significance of the Study
Specifically, this study will benefit the following:
Residents of Quintina. This study will serve as an additional
source of information to the residents of Quintina, San Pascual,

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Masbate on how to conserve and protect their coastal resource, not
just coastal area but all of the natural resources.
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. This study will
help the BFAR in implementing and giving information on Integrated
Coastal Resources Management Project to the residents of Quintina
San Pascual Masbate in conserving and protecting the marine and
coastal resources.
Local Government Unit. This will help the local government
unit to determine the perceptions of every resident towards the
importance of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project. Also,
with this present study local government units could make some more
ideas in implementing the Integrated Coastal Resources Management
Project.
Community. The community will be enlightened by their role in
establishing and providing disciplines and initiative which will preserve,
protect and promote the natural resources, life, property and dignity of
all.
Researchers. This will serve as a guide and reference materials
for those who would like to conduct some studies relevant to the
present one. This study will be also significant to the future

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researchers since this will serve as useful reference for their future
studies.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The overall respondents of the study were composed of the
selected residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate near the coastal
area, they answered the survey questionnaire and interview guide
questions that was subjected to this research investigation. The focus
of this study was to determine the perceptions of the residents of
Quintina, San Pascual Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project of Local Government Unit. In
gathering the primary data, the researchers distributed questionnaires
and conducted some sort of interview to determine the level of
perceptions of the residents towards the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project. Moreover, the demographic profile of the
respondents were taken into consideration, thus the age, sex, civil
status, educational attainment, occupation and monthly income were
noted.
Furthermore, the respondents were the selected heads of the
family who were coastal residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate,

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who were subjected to answer the questionnaire and interview guide
questions. As the researchers continued to seek the total population
of the residents in the coastal area of Quintina San Pascual Masbate
from year 2014-2015, the research investigations found out that
there were 150 residents. Therefore, Sloven’s formula was utilized to
determine the proportional distribution of the respondents which was
97. This was to make sure that while narrowing the respondents, fair
distribution was conducted.

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Notes
1
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources: Government of the
Philippines. http://www.gov.ph/Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project. (2014)
2
Official Gazette of the Philippines: (Government of the
Philippines. http://www.gov.ph/2013/05/15/Republic-Act-
No.8550. (2014)
3
Republic of the Philippines National Urban Assessment. Www. ASIAN
DEVELOPMENT BANK. (2014)
4
Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project. Republic of the
Philippines. http://www.denr.gov.ph. (2014)
5
Executive Order No. (2015).//.www.pemsea.org/sites/default/files/eo-
0533-2006
6
Conserving Mangrove Ecosystems in the Philippines:Transcending
Disciplinary and Institutional Borders:www.bfar.gov.ph/denr.com
7
International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts/: Coastal
resources;Capitalization/management/;Resource/evaluation.//w
ww. ChinesAcademy//Sciences.Beijing.China

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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contained the review of related literature and
studies. It also included the synthesis of the state-of-the-art, the gap
bridged by the study, the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the
study and definition of terms. Literature and studies were collected
from the internet, unpublished undergraduate thesis, articles on
newspapers, and case study.
Related Literature
Foreign

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Cicin-Sain and Knect (2008), stated on their book entitled
“Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concept and
Practices” that the presence of large and growing population in the
worlds coastal areas creates a major problem. In developing
countries with less infrastructure in place more people in the
coastal zone means more pollution of coastal water, more pressure
on nearby natural resources, like mangrove forest for firewood and
beach sand for constructions, and more pressure on fishing
resources. Clearly, the tendency for greater number of people to
migrate to the world’s coasts is exerting serious pressure on these
areas that could put the value and productivity of many of them at
risk. Unless effective steps to manage these area are taken soon,
losses of considerable consequence will occur.1
Chanoitis and Stead (2007) stated on their article entitled “A large
marine governance framework”, that coastal zone management was a
dynamic process that includes coordinated strategy that was
developed and implemented to provide a sustainable environment,
socio- cultural and conserve the resources. Many studies suggested
that ICRM can greatly improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of
the coastal zone who depend on the resources and at the same time,

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sustained the biodiversity and the productivity of the coastal
ecosystem. ICRM help to find solutions for long term and short term
problems.2
Walters and Jin (2003) stated on their article entitled “Geospatial
assessment of Coral and Mangrove Environs of the Andaman Islands”
that Coastal resources refer to the natural resources found in coastal
areas, which was useful for human today or in the coming future,
including land, forests, coastal waters and wetlands, sand minerals,
hydrocarbons, and living coastal organisms. Living coastal resources
include fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds and other marine
organisms (seaweed, coral reefs). Coastal resources also generally
include other important resources such as those with archaeological,
historic, sacred, or gender-specific significance. Coastal resources are
crucial and important to support life on our planet. The benefits that
can be derived from coastal resources were well known and widely
recognized. Coastal resources were sources of primary and secondary
production, and biodiversity.3
Jean (2002) stated on her article entitled “conserving the coastal
areas” that Coastal zones throughout the world are attractive and
important areas for socio-economic development. However, the coastal

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zone’s increasingly becoming the favorite site of human activities had
disastrous consequences on coastal resources.4
White (2005) stated on his article entitled, “The development of
industrial and tourism” that the increased in the urban population has
generally been highly concentrated in the coastal zone. That the rich
coastal resources were under severe stress form the combined impacts
of human over exploitation, physical disturbance, pollution,
sedimentation and so on. Their common property nature makes it
impossible to exclude those who do not pay for enjoying or using
them. As a result, there was no incentive to conserve such resources
and overuse and even exhaustion can occur when utilization or harvest
rates exceed the population growth rates of species.
If we don’t change these situation and utilizations styles, in the
future, we had much less resource left and its net natural productivity
will be significantly reduced or there will be nothing left and ultimately
deprive future generation of their rightful heritage. If we can portray
the economic values of coastal resources, we may place more
importance on their management and long-term protection and control
our abuse of coastal resources.5
Local

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Aguilar (2002) on his article entitled “Fisheries and coastal
resources management”, stated that the term coastal resource
management is used to refer to “the participatory process of planning,
implementing, and monitoring sustainable use of coastal resources
through collective action and sound decision making.” A majority of
the country’s municipalities were coastal (832 out of 1 541), most
major cities developed as seaports and 62 percent of Filipinos reside in
the coastal areas of the country. Human activities combined with the
demands of an increasing population threaten the different ecological
systems of the coastal zone, including crucial habitats and the very
resources that provide food and livelihood. The proximity of human
populations to the coastal areas invariably result in resource use
conflicts such as siltation from deforestation, commercial and
municipal fisheries territorial disputes and development of extractive
as well as processing industries with significant pollution potential.
With the devolution of decision making of the LGU, inadequate policies
and regulations were usually the norm.6
Farley, Batker, Dela torre and Hudspet (2009) on their book
entitle “Conserving mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines :
transcending disciplinary and institutional borders”, stated that
humans were rapidly depleting critical ecosystems and the life support

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functions they provided, increased the urgency of developing effective
conservation tools. Ecosystems contribute to human welfare in two
fundamental ways. First, the structural building blocks of ecosystems
plants, animals, minerals, soils, land, and water and so on provide the
raw materials for all economic production. Second, ecosystems provide
life support functions as well as other valuable services, many of which
are essential to human welfare and for all practical purposes, non-
substitutable. Unfortunately, there was a clash between these two
roles, as removal of structure and the return of waste into the
ecosystem degrade function, including the ability of ecosystems to
renew themselves and to recover from exogenous shocks. Human
society must, therefore strike an appropriate balance between
conversion and conservation of ecosystems.7
Related Studies
Foreign
Moksness, Dahl and Stottrup (2012) stated on their study
entitled “Integrated Coastal Zone Management” that sustainable
utilization of coastal resources was a major challenge facing us is to
manage human activities, including conserving significant coastal
resources such as tropical reefs, mangroves, and sea grass.

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Internationally, (e.g. Convention on Biodiversity) and within the EU
(e.g. EC Habitat Directive), there were agreements and new legislation
that address the issues related to habitat degradation and the
sustainability of coastal resources. An important tool to apply to this
spatial planning that drew upon the new tools provided by geographic
information system (GIS). In particular, the ability to capture
information on human activities, the protection provided for resources
and the abundance and occurrence of unique resources. Spatial
planning helped to address the scramble that occurs for space in the
coastal zone.8
Gupta and Fletcher (2012) in their study entitled “The Application
of a Proposed Generic Institutional Framework for Integrated Coastal
Management to India” revealed that, the complex and dynamic nature
of the coastal and marine area was prompting many nations to
consider the internalization of integrated coastal management (ICM)
policy as part of a deliberate strategy for sustainable development.
Agenda 21 identiﬁed the sustainable management of coastal and
marine areas as one of the essential components of the global life-
support system.
The geographic focus of sustainable coastal and marine area

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management was where human activities were interlinked with both
the land and sea environments. Integrated coastal management (ICM)
was a mechanism which seeks to combine the management of the
land and the adjoining water within a unified framework. The need for
some form of ICM in India was great, despite signs of greater priority
being given to coastal and marine issues in recent decades. These
initial national endeavors demonstrate an emergent recognition of the
importance of coastal and marine areas in India. The Indian approach,
however, remains reliant upon a single sector, with little apparent
interagency co-ordination, and limited prioritization of the cumulative
impacts of multiple uses. The challenge for India is to create an
effective coastal and marine area management program and to
encourage government interest in the ICM concept. In such situation,
the first priority should be to create a framework that has the
mandate, human and financial resources, and the political will to put
the concept of ICM into practice.9
Local

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P.Christie (2013) stated on his study entitled “Economic valuation
and policy priorities for sustainable management of coral reef”,
that, Integrated Coastal Management was dependent on trust
between individuals and cooperation between institutions. But it
was also dependent on upward and downward accountability.
Several researchers and practitioners of Integrated Coastal
Management (ICM) highlight the importance of multi-party
commitment by formal and informal institutions. Common pool
regime theory provided helpful design principles such as the need
for nested institutions providing support for locally led initiatives.
Institutions can play a variety of roles within ICM. They provided
funding, education, technical assistance, community outreach, and
legal support. The internal capabilities and weaknesses of each
institution necessitate that institutions collaborate to provide a
complementary array of support. Comparative studies suggest that
external institutions played the role of ‘‘honest broker’’ providing
technical assistance on demand and supporting existing institutions
and processes. ICM was a dynamic process requiring adaptive
planning and ﬂexibility within institutions—processes that are not
always supported when funding was tied to predetermined
deliverables.10

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Dr. Antonio G.M. La Viña (2013), on his study entitled “Re-
Thinking Philippine Environmental institutions” a study undertaken to
ascertain the elements and trends at the local and national levels,
which define the rights and roles that provided the management
framework for the implementation of different types of locally based
resources management systems in marine and coastal areas.
Competition among resource users was a significant issue in the
coastal zone. Industrial and real estate developments, which required
extensive lands in the most scenic or productive areas of the coastal
zone, compete with other uses, particularly agriculture and
conservation. Tourism and recreation activities, which require high
environmental amenities and access to infrastructure (roads, water
and waste disposal), have adversely affected amenities that should
have been allocated to coastal communities.
There was also degradation of the landscape as a result of
infrastructure developments. The urbanization of the coast has been
disastrous to small-scale municipal fishers because of the devastation
of wetlands and the pollution of waterways that threatened important
cultural, historic and anthropological sites in the coastal zone. The
Philippines was situated in the center of marine biodiversity brought
about by various geological and evolutionary processes. Rich and

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diverse natural ecosystems like coral reefs, mangrove swamps,
estuaries, sea grasses, sandy beaches, embayment and sheltered
coves abound. These areas contained natural resources of
socioeconomic, cultural and aesthetic value. The importance of marine
and coastal zones to the Philippines is readily apparent. Sixty percent
of the country’s 73 provinces and municipalities were located in the
coastal zone. In 1997, the Coastal Environment Program (CEP)
reported that more than 60% of the 60 million populations reside in
some 10,000 coastal barangays (smallest political unit) and major
urban centers. The Philippines was situated in the center of marine
biodiversity brought about by various geological and evolutionary
processes. Rich and diverse natural ecosystems like coral reefs,
mangrove swamps, estuaries, sea grasses, sandy beaches,
embayment and sheltered coves abound. These areas contained
natural resources of socioeconomic, cultural and aesthetic value.11
Larsen, Acebes and Belen (2012), stated on their study entitled
“Philippines Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging Stakeholder
Agendas and Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands” the dominant
national level response in the Philippines to concerns regarding
ecosystem declined and degradation had been the institutionalization
of the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) paradigm. Building on

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former Coastal Resource Management (CRM) programs, ICM aimed to
reverse ecological degradation, for instance through re-habilitation, re-
forestation and re–stocking in coastal zones. The ICM regime
promoted a procedural shift towards increased stakeholder
participation and balanced employment by coercive and non-coercive
policy instruments. This ambition mirrored the global trend in
environmental governance and management towards exploring a more
diverse set of policy instruments, comprising a mixture of regulation,
voluntary measures and economic instruments. The 2006 Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment, in the chapter on marine and coastal
ecosystems, recommends both ICM and stakeholder participation in
decision making as one of the response options to current resource
degradation.12
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art
The literature and related studies that were discussed were all
related to the present study, because they all pertained to the
importance of Integrated Coastal Resource Management and the
different strategies in proper utilization of our coastal resources.
The foreign related literature are: “Integrated Coastal and
Management: Concept and Practices” (2008), “A large marine

27
governance framework” (2007), “Geospatial assessment of Coral and
Mangrove Environs of the Andaman Islands” (2003), conserving the
coastal areas” (2002) and “The development of industrial and
tourism” (2005). The local literatures are: Fisheries and Coastal
Resources Management (2002), Farley, Batker, Dela torre and
Hudspet “Conserving mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines,
transcending disciplinary and institutional borders” (2009).
These articles had similarities to the present study with regards
to the conservation and protection of coastal and marine life and the
participatory process of planning, implementing and monitoring
through collective action and sound decision making of the local
government unit and the ICRMP officials.
The difference of these articles to the present study was that, it
gave much emphasis on the importance of mangroves and other
marine life to the purpose of coastal development.
These articles pertained on the significance on value of
environment or coastal resources which helped them to be more
productive and had higher standard of living from the given
resources. But this study only aimed to determine the perceptions of
residents in Quintina that can be derived from the coastal resources.

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It will help them how to protect the marine resources or to be
conscious on their environment.
The related studies for foreign are; “Integrated Coastal Zone
Management” and “The application of a proposed generic institutional
framework for integrated coastal management to India” and for local
studies are; P.Christie “Economic valuation and policy priorities for
sustainable management of coral reef (2013), Dr. Antonio G.M. La
Viña “Re-Thinking Philippines Environmental Institutions’’ (2013) and
Larsen, Acebes and Belen, on their study entitled “Philippines
Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging Stakeholder Agendas and
Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands” (2012).
The relevance of these related studies from the present study
was that they gave much value on coastal ecosystem. They gave
importance on every component of natural resources wherein they got
the source of their daily living and contributes significantly to the
economic well-being of the country through tourism. Even though this
study had similarities to the present study, it also has a difference in
terms of its purpose and function. Some of the studies focused on how
the stakeholder plays a great role in the implementation of Integrated
Coastal Resources Management project and provide the information

29
necessary for sound environmental management for the purpose of
conservation of coastal resources.
Gap Bridged by the Study
After reading the related literature and studies, it showed that
there are several findings and conclusions about Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project and its importance to the community
of Quintina San Pascual Masbate and the Perceptions of the residents
towards the project, which had bearing on the research undertaken.
Furthermore, it also showed that no research as of the moment has
been undertaken about this study. This study has been decided in
order to bridge the gap.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the three theories namely: ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT THEORY (Adam Smith), CONSERVATION THEORY
(Hilton-Taylor) and PERCEPTIONS THEORY (Daryl Bem). These
theories were used in presenting the theoretical paradigm. The
theories were developed out of many policies and concept on the
perception of the residents towards the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management.

30
The first theory adopted by this study was the “Economic
Development Theory” of Adam Smith which stated that as a rational
living creature, man actively responds to opportunities in the
environment, because he saw all the advantages that he will
personally gain in doing so.13
This theory has been related to this
study in many ways in which the residents in Quintina experienced
what so called the economic development if they take good care the
natural resources surrounded them. If every individual member of
society is left to peruse his economic activity, he will maximize the
output to the best of his ability. Freedom of action brings out the best
of an individual which increases society wealth and progress.
The second theory adopted by this study was the “conservation
theory” of Hilton-Taylor, which is defined as an improvement,
and protection of human and natural resources in a wise manner,
ensuring derivation of their highest economic and social benefits on
a continuing or long-term basis. It was achieved through alternative
technologies, recycling, and reduction in waste and spoilage, and it
implied consumption of the conserved resources.14
This theory had been related to the study in which that the
conservation of the coastal and marine resources through

31
implementation of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project
in order to protect the coastal resources and its coastal life. This will
give equal opportunity to all to use the resources for the benefits of
all. The residents of Quintina may realize that natural resources are
non-renewable resources, without conservation of it can’t sustain the
needs of the people that live within. Sustainable development and
management of global and regional resources is not an ecological
problem, nor an economic one, nor a social one. It is a combination of
all three. And yet actions to integrate all three typically have short-
changed one or more.
Sustainable designs driven by conservation interests often ignore
the needs for an adaptive form of economic development that
emphasizes human economic enterprise and institutional flexibility.
Those driven by economic and industrial interests often act as if the
uncertainty of nature can be replaced with human engineering and
management controls, or ignored all together. Those driven by social
interests can act as if community development and empowerment of
individuals encounter no limits to the imagination and initiative of local
groups. Each view captures its prescriptions in code words: regulation
and control; get the prices right; empowerment; stakeholder

32
ownership. These are not wrong, just too partial. Investments fail
because they are partial. As a consequence, the policies of
governments, private foundations, international agencies, and NGOs
flop from emphasizing one kind of myopic solution to another.
The third theory used by the study was the “perceptions theory”
of Daryl Bem which is defined as our recognition and interpretation of
sensory information. Perception also included how we respond to the
information. We can think of perception as a process where we take in
sensory information from our environment and use that information in
order to interact with our environment. Perception allows us to take
the sensory information in and make it into something meaningful.15
This theory had been related to the study in which the perceptions of
the residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate in regards with the
management procedure of the local government unit in the
implementation of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project.
This been related to the study in which it had been analyzed and
understand by the residents. The situation that confronts them before
they react on what the management procedure of the local
government unit is all about.
With these three theories, the researchers come up with the idea

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“protection and conservation of the environment was the concern of
all''. It meant that the more people who were trained to help solved
arising problem, the faster obstacles were removed and the greater
economic condition for current and future generation. Because the
coastal and marine resources of the Philippines are under severe
threat due to human actions and climate change. Owing to their
biodiversity and economic value, these resources were of national and
global importance. The stresses on coral reefs, mangroves, sea grass,
and other important coastal habitats had resulted in a decrease.
PROTECTION AND
CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT IS
THE CONCERN OF ALL
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
THEORY
(ADAM SMITH,
1997)
CONSERVATION
THEORY
(Hilton-Taylor,
2000)
PERCEPTION
THEORY
(Daryl Bem,
1995)

34
Figure 2
THEORETICAL PARADIGM
Conceptual Framework
This research dealt primarily on the perceptions of the residents
of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project. The study was conceptualized based
on input, process and output approach. The input in the study was the
perceptions of the residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate
regarding
the integrated coastal resources management project of local
government unit, and the selected residents who answered the
questionnaire and subjected to a direct interview.
The second frame contained the process which indicated the
method used, research instrument and the statistical tools used. The
process includes the descriptive method of the study, qualitative and
quantitative, questionnaire, percentage techniques, frequency count
and ranking method in order that the researchers got the needed data
of the study.

35
The last frame contained the output of the study, which was the
result of the input and the process when analyzed and interpreted.
A feedback mechanism was provided to inform the respondents
regarding the output of the study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Perceptions
of the
Residents of
Quintina, San
Pascual,
Masbate
regarding the
integrated
coastal
resources
management
project
• Descriptive
Qualitative
Quantitative
Questionnaire
I Interview
• Respondents
• Statistical
Tools
Frequency
Percentage
Weighted
Mean
The
implementation
of integrated
coastal
resources
management
project had been
perceived by the
selected
residents as
effective way to
improve their
coastal and
marine life.

36
FEEDBACK
Figure 3
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
Definition of Terms
In order for the readers to understand this study, the following
terms were operationally and conceptually defined to give better
understanding of the research study.
Conceptual Definitions
BFAR. Means the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. An
agency of the Philippine government under the Department of
Agriculture responsible for the development, improvement,
management and conservation of the Philippine fisheries and aquatic
resources .16
Coastline. A line that forms the boundary between the land and
the ocean or a lake.17
Coastal Resources. Means the coastal waters of the state, their
natural resources, related marine and wildlife habitat and adjacent
shore lands, both developed and undeveloped, form an integrated

37
terrestrial and estuarine ecosystem.18
ICRMP. Means the Integrated Coastal Resources Management.
In which it is a process by which rational decisions are made
concerning the conservation and sustainable used of coastal and ocean
resources and policy and an Institutional Strengthening and
Development, which will develop an institutional framework for
national and local government coordination. 19
Innovative. Introducing or using new ideas or methods.
being or producing something like nothing done or experinced or creat
ed before.20
Implementation. Refers to the carrying out, execution, or
practice of a plan, method, or any design for doing something
important. The action followed any preliminary thinking for something
to actually happen.21
Operational Definition
Quintina. The place where the study was conducted.
Quintina is found in the Island of Burias. It is one of the twenty-two
barangays in the municipality of San Pascual.
Coastline. It is the area where land meets the sea or ocean.

38
The coastline area in San pascual start in barangay Boca-chica, next
to Bolod, Busing Cueva, Dancalan, Halabangbaybay, Iniwaran, Ki-
Romero, Ki-buaya, Laurente, Mabini, Mabauhay, Malaking Ilog,
Nazareno, Pinamasingan, Quintina, San Jose, San Rafael, Sta Cruz,
end up to Terraplin.
Promote. To help something happened, develop, or increase.
To encourage the growth and development of something.
Mangroves. Are various large and extensive types of trees up
to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment
habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N
and 25° S.
Residents. Are the respondents of the study specifically, the
selected heads of the family.

39
Notes
1
Cicin-Sain and Knect. (2008), “Integrated Coastal and Occean
Management: Concept and Practices”: Literature.
http://www.Google books. (2015)
2
Chaniotis and Stead (2007), “A large marine governance framework”
http://www.Literature.com/2010/10/importance-of-coastal
resources.html. (2015)
3
Walters and Jim (2003),
” Geospatial assessment of Coral and
Mangrove Environments of the Andaman Islands”
www.books.google.com › Nature › Ecosystems & Habitats ›
Oceans & Seas. . (2015)
4
Jean (2002), “conserving the coastal areas”, Literature.//
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering.//http.
www.google books
5
White (2005), “The development of industrial and tourism” http.
//.www.essay.com. (2015)
6
Aguilar(2002). Fisheries and coastal resources management”,
Studies.http://www.portals.iucn.org./elibrary/efiles/documents/E
PLP. (2015)
7
Farley, Batker, Dela torre and Hudspet (2009), “Conserving mangrove
ecosystems in the Philippines : transcending disciplinary and
institutionalborders”.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/198
30480
8
Moksness, Dahl, Stottrup (2012).”Sustainable utilization of coastal
resources”http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830480.//
(2015)
9
Gupta and Fletcher (2012) in their study entitled “The application of a
proposed generic institutional framework for integrated coastal
management to India”.http://www.apmforum.com/strategy/ICM-

40
India. (2015)
10
P.Christie, (2013), “Economic valuation and policy priorities for
sustainable management of coral reef”
http://www.depts.washington.education. ELibrary. (2015)
11
Dr. Antonio G.M. La Viña (2013). “Re-Thinking PHILIPPINE
Environmentalinstitutions:”http.//www.worldfishcenter.org/Pubs/
institutional_sea/pub_insea5.
12
Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging Stakeholder Agendas
and Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands” (2012).
http://www.seiinternational.org/mediamanager/documents/Publi
cations/SEI-WorkingPaper-Larsen./(2015)
13
Adam.Smith.Economic.development.theory//..https://erikkrantz.wor
dpress.com/.../theories-of-economic-development/(Archieve
2015)
14
Hilton/Taylor/Conservation/Theory//.https://books.google.com.ph/bo
oks.com
15
Perception.theory/Daryl.Bem//www.goodtherapy.org/famous-
psychologists/daryl-bem.html
16
searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/implementation
17
www.madisonct.org/PZ/docs/CoastalResourceDefinitions.pdf
18
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coastline
19
www.http://bmb.gov.ph/index.phpcomponent/content/article/ICRMP
20
www.dictionary.reference.com/browse/innovative
21
www.http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/implementation

41
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the research design used by the
researchers. It also included the discussion of the respondents of the
study, sources of data, instrumentation, validation of the
questionnaire, data gathering procedures and statistical tools that
were used in the statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This research design made use of descriptive qualitative and
quantitative type of research. In this type of research, the usual
methodology was the survey. This was when the researchers
summarized or described the characteristics of individuals or groups
who are under the study. A structured set of questionnaire was utilized
in determining the Perceptions of the residents of Quintina San Pascual
Masbate towards the Integrated Coastal Resources Management
Project. Moreover, the descriptive method of research was used to its
appropriateness and complementary nature of data that were

42
gathered.
In this study, the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,
occupation, monthly income was determined.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the residents of Quintina San
Pascual Masbate.
This study utilized the respondents as sources of data to be
gathered. There were 97 coastal residents that were respondents of
this study in Quintina San Pascual Masbate.
The results were all in the data given below (see Table 1).
Table 1
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
Quintina San Pascual
Masbate
Population Size Sample Size
Purok 1 25 16
Purok 2 27 17
Purok 3 46 30
Purok 4 52 34
TOTAL 150 97
Sources of Data
This study made use of two sources of data. These were the

43
primary sources and secondary sources. The primary sources of data
were taken from the responses of the respondent who were the
residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate. Descriptive questionnaires
were used to gather data. The secondary sources of data were derived
from the existing documents, statistical data and other public records.
Other sources included books, journals, magazines, articles, internet,
questionnaire and interview guide.
Research Instrument
A fully revised structured set of research instrument were used
to extract the necessary data from the respondents. Part I was the
survey questionnaire which included the quantitative data on the
demographic profile of the respondents. Part II was concerned with the
activities of integrated coastal resources management project of local
government unit in Quintina San Pascual Masbate. This was composed
of a qualitative type of questions that were given to the respondents.
The part III was concerned itself to the perceptions of the residents of
Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding to the Integrated Coastal
Resources Management Project. The last part, which was the part IV
that concerned with the advantages of integrated coastal resources
management project of local government unit.

44
Validation of Questionnaire
To determine the validity of the instrument on the questionnaire
a pre-test was conducted in Brgy. Maunon, Ligao City, that was
subjected to the study investigation using survey questionnaire and
interview guide. After the necessary requirements were done, the
questionnaires were retrieved once all of the items in the questionnaire
had been answered. To those respondents who couldn’t answer the
questionnaire due to lack of knowledge, were guided to answer the
questions.
Suggestions and comments were given, and then revision was
made with the help of the research adviser. After it had been cleared
and polished the instrument was submitted for finalization.
Distribution and Retrieval of the Questionnaires
Distribution and retrieval of the questionnaires was conducted
among the selected residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate who
lived near the coastal area.
Table 2
DISTRIBUTION AND RETRIEVAL OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
Quintina San
Pascual
Number of
Distributed
Number of
Retrieval
Percentage
(%)

45
Masbate Questionnaire Questionnaire
Purok 1 16 16 100
Purok 2 17 17 100
Purok 3 30 30 100
Purok 4 34 34 100
TOTAL 97 97 100
Data Gathering Procedure
The questionnaires prior to its formal distribution to the
respondents of the study were distributed to the selected residents of
Brgy. Maunon, Ligao City for validation process. Indeed, it was
constructed accurately and reliably delivered the necessary data
needed in the study.
The formal data gathering process started right upon the
personal administration of the fully revised questionnaire to each of
the respondents. They were fully oriented as to its content and
sufficient time was given for them to answer the questionnaires. Some
follow – ups were done by the researchers.
After having been assured that all of them answered the
questionnaires, the researchers personally retrieved from them, order
to have 100% retrieval of the distributed questionnaires.
Statistical Tools
The statistical tools that were used in the statistical treatment of

46
all the data were Sloven’s Formula to minimize the number of
respondents, Frequency Count to organize the data of the number of
respondent’s responses, Percentage Technique to determine the class
frequency of the respondents, and Weighted Mean to know the
perceptions of the residents in Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate
regarding to the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project
that were used for statistical analysis and interpretation of data, as
they were suitable to be utilized considering the nature of the research
variables. The tools were used in the part of interpreting and analyzing
the collected data.
Sloven’s formula. It was a random sampling technique formula
to estimate sampling size.
This was used to find the sample size of the
respondents. To use this formula, a margin of error of ten (10%) was
used in this research.1
Formula. N
n=──────
1+ N(e)2
Where:
1= constant
n= sample size of the respondents
N= total number of respondents

47
e= marginal error
Frequency count. This was used in organizing the change of
data which facilitated statistical results for analyzing them. This was a
method by which the number of respondent’s responses was
determined. It was used to interpret the demographic of the
respondents.2
Percentage technique. These were used in dividing each class
of frequency by the total number of items group and multiply by 100.
This was used to all the tabulated responses.3
FORMULA:
Where:
N = total number of respondents
P = percentage
F = number of respondents
X100 = constant multiplier
Weighted mean. The weighted mean was similar to an

48
arithmetic mean (the most common type of average); where instead
of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average,
some data points contributed more than others. This was used to find
the extent of the responses of the respondents.4
FORMULA:
Wx= ∑fx
N
Where:
Wx = weighted mean value
∑ = summation
f = number of respondent’s responses
x = scale
N = total number of respondents

49
Notes
1
Kulkol, S. (1843). Slovene’s Formula Sample Technique: http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Mathematics/
Archive/2013/Apr. (Archieve. 2014)
2
Ehrlic,R.(1980). The Frequency Distribution:
jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/content/50/2/475.full.pdf. (2014)
3
Le, S. Using Percentage Technique: http. /// www.statcan.gc.ca.
(2014)
4
Wolfram Math World (1994).The Weighted mean http:
//mathworld.wolfram.com/WeightedMean.html. (2014)
Chapter IV

50
PERCEPTIONS OF THE RESIDENTS OF QUINTINA SAN PASCUAL,
MASBATE REGARDING THE INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
This chapter concerned itself with the presentation analysis and
the corresponding interpretation of all the gathered data that were
presented in both tabular and textual forms.
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Following tables deal with the interpretation and analysis on the
demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil
status, educational attainment, occupation and monthly income.
Table 3
AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Age Frequency (f) Percentage
72-77 2 3
66-71 4 4
60-65 6 6
54-59 5 6
48-53 6 6
42-47 12 12
36-41 13 13
30-35 10 10
24-29 13 13
18-23 26 27
TOTAL 97 100
The data in the Table 3 showed the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of age. The data findings showed that the

51
youngest got the highest frequency score is 26, with age bracket of
(18-23) years old with the percentage of 27. It was deduced that the
respondent who belonged to the age group of (18-23) years old were
matured enough and capable enough to be a conscious on their
environment and to take good care of it. They were already more
aware to their duties and responsibilities to their work, studies and to
their surroundings. It also revealed that two (2) out of 97 respondents
obtained the lowest frequency and it belonged to the (72-77) years old
with the percentage of 3. It can be deduced that out of the findings
those who at the aged bracket (72-77) years old were old enough to
know the importance of conserving and preserving the coastal
resources.
This implied that the respondents were already at their legal age
to participate to the programs and activities undertaken by the local
government. It indicated that the respondents were at their most
active age and responsible enough to know the importance of marine
and coastal resources to the community development. They already
know the importance of preserving the coastal and marine life. The
residents already had the capability to take good care of the coastal
resources. This project of the local government unit gave the residents
the opportunity to serve and give their physical capabilities to protect

52
the environment in order for them to be a good model for the next
generation.
Table 4
SEX OF THE RESPONDENTS
Sex Frequency
(f)
Percentage
(%)
Female 63 65
Male 34 35
TOTAL 97 100
The data in the table 4 clearly indicated that most of the
respondents are female and it had a total frequency score of 63 or 65
percent. It shows that female are more active in participating the
programs and projects of the local government unit. While the lowest
frequency score were 34 with a percentage of 35 which was earned by
male. Though males got the lowest frequency score, still they was
doing their best to cooperate and participate in project implemented
by the local government unit.
It implied that the females were more active or conscious in the
participation in the preservation of coastal resources. It indicated that
majority are females with regards to cooperation to the government
projects and management regardless of their sex; they had the goal
that they had good attitude towards cooperating and participating

53
some programs. It only proved that being a dominant in terms of
being aware on what was happening on their environment; it would
lead them to be more responsible and conscious individual in order for
it not to be wasted. Female were the most active in the cooperation
and they’re willing to learn and know more about on how to protect
our environment. Female respondents are more participative than
male respondents in such a way that only few males participated and
served their strength to plant mangroves.
Table 5
CIVIL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS
Civil Status
Frequency
(f)
Percentage
(%)
Single 23 24
Widow 6 6
Married 67 69
Separated 1 1
TOTAL 97 100
Table 5 shows that it was the married that got the highest
frequency score of 67 or 69 percent out of 97 respondents. This
indicated that most of the respondents had their own families. While
the lowest frequency score was the separated with a total frequency
score of 1 or 1 percent.
This directly implied that most of the respondents had a family of

54
their own. In this situation, it implied that, they needed to work hard
in order to sustain their daily needs of their family even with the
limited resources. For having a family or a large family they needed to
sustain their needs and because of that, they had to allocate their
resources.
Table 6
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS
Educational Attainment Frequency
(f)
Percentage
(%)
Elementary level 13 13
Elementary graduate 20 21
High school level 21 22
High school graduate 35 36
College level 3 3
College graduate 5 5
TOTAL 97 100
The table 6 shows that out of 97 respondents 35 were high
school graduates they got a highest frequency score of 35 or 36
percent. It meant that the respondents had poor educational
background and attainment in life. While the lowest frequency score
was the college level with a total frequency score of 3 or 3 percent.
This implied that their lack of education can be seen in their
livelihood. Thus, with low educational attainment, they found it hard to
look for gainful employment to support their growing family. Some

55
people took advantage on the free and available coastal resources
because of lack of job opportunities, poverty, ignorance of law and
lack of discipline.
Table 7
OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
Occupation Frequency
(f)
Percentage
(%)
Housewife/housekeeper 50 52
Farmer 12 12
Fisherman 20 21
Teacher 2 2
Government employee 6 6
Construction worker 5 5
Entrepreneur 2 2
Total 97 100
The data in table 7 shows that most of the respondents were
housekeeper. It had a total frequency score of 50 or 52 percent. It
indicated that most of the respondents are housewives because of
their lack of educational attainment and they’re afraid to take a risk to
find a stable job. While the lowest frequency were the teachers and
entrepreneur with a total frequency score of 2 or 2 percent.
It implied in the previous table that because of lack of
educational attainment, most of the respondents were housewives. It
implied in table 7 that most of the respondents were housewife
because the men work hard in order to sustain the basic needs of their

56
family and the women were left at home to take good care of their
children. Most the respondents are housewife because they were busy
on their obligation as a mother they are busy on taking good care of
their children that’s why they don’t have enough time to find a stable
job that gave them a good income.
Table 8
MONTHLY INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS
Monthly Income Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
Php. 6001-above 8 8
Php. 5501-6000 2 2
Php .5001-5500 4 4
Php. 4501-5000 13 13
Php. 4001-4500 2 2
Php. 3501-4000 5 6
Php. 3001-3500 11 11
Php. 2501-3000 19 20
Php. 2001-2500 11 11
Php. 1501-2000 10 10
Php. 1000-1500 12 13
Total 97 100
The data in table 8 shows that the respondents had a very low
monthly income, with the rate of Php.2501-3000 pesos a month. It
had a total frequency score of 19 or 20 percent. While the lowest
frequency score were with the rate of Php.5501-6000 and Php.4001-

57
4500, which both earned a total score of 2 or 2 percent.
It implied that majority of the respondents had a very low
income that’s because they don’t have a good source of living as
shown in table 7. It deduced from the data that most of the
respondents had a very low income because some of them had no
stable jobs; they’re depending on the income of their husband.
Perceptions of the residents of Quintina San pascual
Masbate regarding the integrated coastal resources
management project of the local government unit
Table 9
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE OF THE INTEGRATED COASTAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF THE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT UNIT
Management procedure
YES NO TOTAL
f % f % f %
1. Does barangay official monitor these
activities in your community?
96 99 1 1 97 100
2. Do the DENR and other concerned
agencies/ sectors and stock holders
give financial support and guidance to
these activities?
96 99 1 1 97 100
3. Is there a proper coordination
between the local government unit
and the residents of your community?
97 100 0 0 97 100
4. Does this project add more roles and
responsibility to the management of
local government unit?
92 95 5 5 97 100
5. Does the residents properly informed
by the local government unit in
maintaining the proper allocation and
conservation of coastal resources?
89 92 8 8 97 100
Mean Frequency 94 97 3 3 97 100
The data in the Table 9 shows the perceptions of the residents of

58
Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal
resources management project of local government unit on
management procedure. The data finding showed on the affirmative
response frequency of with the highest 97 or 100 percent for “is there
a proper coordination between the local government unit and the
residents of your community?” The lowest frequency was 89 or 92
percent for “Does the residents properly informed by the local
government unit in maintaining the proper allocation and conservation
of coastal resources?”. Whereas on the negative responses the highest
frequency was 8 or 8% for “Does the residents properly informed by
the local government unit in maintaining the proper allocation and
conservation of coastal resources?” And the lowest frequency was 1 or
1 percent for indicators one (1) and two (2). For the over-all
evaluation of indicators one (1) to five (5) the mean frequency for the
affirmative responses of the residents was 94 or 97 percent and the
negative responses had a frequency of 3 or 3 percent.
Majority of the residents responded positively, this implied that
the government agency, the local government unit, barangay officials
and the residents were working together to make the integrated
coastal resources management project in the area of success

59
Table 10
DEVELOPMENT TO THE COMMUNITY BROUGHT BY THE
INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Development to the community
YES NO TOTAL
f % F % f %
1. Does the integrated coastal resources
management project manifest signs of
being sustainable to your community?
90 93 7 7 97 100
2. Does integrated coastal resources
management project enhance human skills
and enforcement mechanism?
95 98 2 2 97 100
3. Does integrated coastal resources
management project provides alternatives
means of livelihood to the residents of your
community?
89 92 8 8 97 100
4. Does it give a sense of assurance in
preventing the degradation of coastal
resources?
90 93 7 7 97 100
5. Does it aid in promoting the aesthetic
essence of your community and greener
environment?
91 94 6 6 97 100
Mean Frequency 91 94 6 6 97 100
The data in the Table 10 showed the perceptions of the residents
of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal
resources management project of local government unit on
development to the community. On the positive side, the highest
frequency was 95 or 98 percent for the indicator number two (2)
“Does integrated coastal resources management project enhanced
human skills and enforcement mechanism?” And the lowest frequency
was 89 or 92 percent for the indicator number three (3). “Does
integrated coastal resources management project provides alternatives

60
means of livelihood to the residents of your community?”.Whereas for
the negative answers, the lowest frequency was 8 or 8 percent for
indicator number three (3) and the lowest frequency was 2 or 2
percent for indicator number two (2). The mean frequency for positive
responses was 91 or 94 percent and for negative responses were 6 or
6 percent.
From these data findings, it could be deduced that majority of
the respondents affirmed to the integrated coastal resources
management project of the local government. They were hopeful that
to enhance human skills that generated jobs to uplift the standard of
living of the people.
Table 11
ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT PROJECT
What are the activities of integrated coastal resources
management project of local government unit?
Respondents Responses
1 Mangrove reforestation, pagbabawal ng paggamit ng
dinamita, atbp.
2 Pagtatanim ng mga bakawan.
3 Mangroves widening, paglilinis ng baybayin buwan-
buwan, pagbabawal ng paggamit ng dinamita.
4 Pagtatanim ng bakawan, paglilinis ng baybayin.

61
5 Pagbabawal ng paggamit ng dinamita.
In question number one (1) majority of the total respondents
said that, planting mangroves was the activity that the local
government units implemented through integrated coastal resources
management project. So, by mangroves reforestation, it protected the
residence and could be a sanctuary of the fishes.
This implied that having these activities really helped the
community and the residents to have a healthful and cleaner
environment to avoid the risk of environmental degradation. From
these data findings, it could be deduced that most of the residents
were aware on the activities of integrated coastal resources
management, such as they were cooperating on these activities.
Table 12
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
UNIT
Why is it important for these activities to be undertaken in your barangay?
Respondents Responces
1 Bilang panangga sa malalakas na alon.
2 Tabang kadi lalo na sa mga para isda.
3 For regeneration of fishing resources.
4 Para turuan ang mga tao na alagaan ang karagatan lalo na ang
coastal resources.

62
5 Para maprotekhan ang mga isda at ang mga tao.
In question number two (2) majority of the total respondents
said that the activities was importance to be under taken because it
was significant to the coastal communities in a way that it teach the
people on how to give important to the coastal resources and to
protect the residents from natural hazards.
This implied that these activities were so important to be under
taken in order to protect the environment and to preserve the coastal
resources. It was significant also to the residents to be aware and to
have a care on the resources that surrounded them. This also
safeguards the coastal resources of the area, thus contributing to the
population and the environment.
Table 13
THE COOPERATION OF THE RESIDENTS TO THE ACTIVITIES OF
INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
Are you cooperating with these activities? If yes, what is your participation
in the activities of integrated coastal resources management project?
1 Yes, kasi isa ako sa mga opisyal nag nagmomonitor ng activities
na ito.
2 Yes, palagi po akong umaattend ng assembly at isa po.
ako sa mga nagtatanim ng mangroves.
3 Tagatanim ng bakawan.
4 Palagi po akong umaattend ng metting at tagahuli ng mga
lumalabag sa anti-dynamite fishing.

63
5 Yes, kasi I work at the BFAR, and kami yong nagmomonitor ng
mga activities na ito at we teach and lead the people.
In question number three (3) majority of the total respondents
said that, they were cooperative with these activities through
attending every meeting conducted by the local government unit and
do their individual responsibility like monitoring the activities and
planting mangroves.
This implied that cooperation between the government and the
residents was a key factor and of great help in order to continue the
improvement of the community and to the sustainable development of
the coastal resources as well as the quality of life of the people. It
also likely to be regarded as a major source of livelihood for the
coastal population: they were important source of fooder for animals in
villages closer to the coast; they still needed some education to
understand the link within the ecosystem. Thus making the
environment and economy interdependent. For that reason, the way in
which the economy was managed has an impact on the environment
which in turn, affects both welfare and performance of the economy.
Coastal resources are important components of natural resources and
they are also the important material fortunes of national economy and
society development. However, a series of problems emerged from
exploiting and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan their

64
own management and utilization styles in a new way.
Table 14
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE
MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
How the activities improve the environment in your barangay?
1 Mas naging malinis at nagging maaliwalas na kasi may coastal
clean-up every end of the month.
2 Malalaki na ang mga bakawan kung saan nagbibigay ito ng
proteksyon mula sa storm surge.
3 Yong mga bakawan ay naging bahayan ng mga isda.
4 Naimprove yong kapaligiran sa barangay naming sa pamamagitan
ng pagiging kooperasyon ng bawat isa sa amin.
5 Itong aktibidad na ito ay nakaimprove ng kapaligiran ng barangay.
In question number four (4) majority of the total respondents
stated that, these activities helped to improve the environment of their
barangay by making the ambiance of the barangay in a good
conditions in which it made the surroundings clean and greener
because of reforestation of mangroves.
This implied that these activities make the residents to be
responsible enough on their action for them to take good care of the
given resources. Negligible value was attached to these resources. We

65
should not forget that the resources being limited, the land’s economic
value depend mostly on the ecology as well as the economic activities
and socio cultural aspects. Awareness of the local community helped in
bringing more importance to the ecology and respect to the
ecosystem.
Table 15
THE PROGRESS OF THE COMMUNITY BY THE HELP OF THE
MANAGEMENT PROJECT
How do the activities help in the progress of your community?
1 Regeneration of aquatic/fishery resources and livelihood
generator.
2 Sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng livelihood sa mga
mamamayan.
3 Nakakadagdag po ito sa kita ng mga tao
4 Naging cooperative na so mga tawo sa lahat ng mga proyekto at
activities kan Barangay
5 Nakapagbigay ang mga activities na ito sa maaliwalas at malinis
na kapaligiran.
In question number five (5) majority of the total respondents
stated that, these activities helped the community in the way that it
give a greater contribution to the development or improvement of the
environment of their barangay in which these activities promote a
cleaner and greener surroundings.
This implied that these activities improve the state of the
environment into a good and cleaner one that led to the so called
development. It also encouraged them to cooperate more and to

66
protect the coastal resources for the economic development and for
their own sake. Their knowledge played an important role. Thus, it
showed that it was important that locals participated in key decision
and at its earliest stage. It was a result in the development of coastal
resources that was sustainable, allowing these resources to continue
providing environmental service to support livelihood, eco-tourism,
industrial and other socio-economic activities. Coastal resources are
important components of natural resources and they are also the
important material fortunes of national economy and society
development. However, a series of problems emerged from exploiting
and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan their own
management and utilization styles in a new way.
The advantages of the integrated coastal resources
management project to the residents of Quintina, San Pascual,
Masbate.
Table 16
THE ADVANTAGES OF COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
PROJECT TO THE RESIDENTS
What are the advantages of integrated coastal resources management
project to the residents of Quintina San Pascual Masbate?
1 It gives a source of living to them through planting
mangroves. It help them to protect the coastal resources
2 Nakadagdag ito sa income ng pamilya namu ta pigabayaran
kami kada tanum ning mangroves
3 Livelihood development, environment protection, etc.
4 It protect the environment specially the coastal resources.

67
5 Environmental conservation and preservation off coastal
resources.
In question number six (6) majority of the total respondents
stated that, most of the advantages given by the integrated coastal
resources management project of local government unit were
conservation of coastal resources and protection and reforestation of
mangrove.
It implied that from the given advantages, the integrated coastal
resources management project of local government unit focused on
the reforestation of mangroves and others. These advantages were
clearly seen by the residents wherein they work hard in order to
maintain these advantages.
Table 17
THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE
RESIDENTS BROUGHT BY THE ICRMP
How do these advantages improve your standard of living?
1 It improved our standard of living because it gives more a
source of income so it gives us the capability to buy our
necessity needs.
2 It augmented our income or our economic standard of living.
3 Because, for example when our environment is well protected
and the resources are abundant and we can get a lot from it.
4 It increases the level of our understanding towards the proper
allocation of the coastal resources.
5 Hindi na kami mahihirapan maghanap ng mapagkukunan ng
hanapbuhay.
In question number seven (7) majority of the total respondents

68
stated that, the advantages given by this project made their standard
of living to improve into a productive one, wherein it added as a
source of living and add their knowledge on how to properly allocate
the resources.
This implied that these advantages augmented the source of income of
the residents in such a way that it made them buy or satisfy their
basic needs. It was the right answer to this challenge in order to
address the problem by uplifting the living condition of the coastal
communities as primary beneficiaries, being aware of the depletion
and deterioration of coastal and upland resources. Which define the
rights and roles that provided the management framework for the
implementation of different types of locally based resources
management systems in marine and coastal areas. Judged by the
huge strides that people of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate have made
in overcoming poverty and want, it is only a slight exaggeration to say
that little of economic consequence happened before the last three
centuries. Economic development occurs which was a process of
change that takes place in country overtime, affecting its capacity to
improve its standard of living. A measure of standard of living is the
amount of output that the economy produces overtime, and often this
translates into improved incomes for the citizens. Such changes that

69
take place profoundly affect many aspects of a country’s economic life;
they raised health standards, the quality of life of the people.
Table 18
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ICRMP TO THE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
Do you think it can contribute to the development of your community, in
what way?
1 Amu, kasi once naimprove na yong standard of living ng every
family so in return the community well be develop also especially if
the coastal resources is well protected.
2 Yes kasi kapag may trabaho na ang lahat ng residente maiiwasan
o mababawasan ang kahirpan at malaki ang impact nito sa
community.
3 Yes sa pamamagitan ng mga actividad at mga program tulad ng
pagtatanim ng mga bakawan kung saan malaki ang kontribusyon
nito upang mapaganda ang aming barangay.
4 Yes, kasi kapag may hanapbuhay na ang bawat isa sa amin.
Mababawasan na o mawawala na ang mga gumagawa ng krimen.
5 Oo, kasi pag may panangga nang mangroves ang barangay namin,
mapoprotektahan kami mula sa storm surge or tidal wave.
In question number eight (8) majority of the total respondents
stated that, these advantages really contribute to the development of
their community in such a way that they had extra income to improved
and sustain their way of living in the community. Decisions were made
for the sustainable use, development, socio-economic improvement

70
perpetuation of the biodiversity, conservation.
It implied that, these advantages helped the residents as well
the community, on the conservation and sustainable use of coastal and
ocean resources and space. Protection of coastal resources and
security from natural hazards. It provided information and programs in
order to protect, conservation, management and sustainable
development of our marine and coastal resources. It shows, in
ecosystem protection, proportion of social equity and the quality of life
of the people.
Furthermore, they provided for the greater participation of
fishermen, other stakeholders, and the community in general in
coastal resources management.
The economic potentials of this natural wealth remain
underutilized because of poor resource management. The need to face
the great challenge is a real and genuine response towards proper
resource management and sustainable development through good
governance. Many Local Officials had responded to this challenge, but
there is a need to mobilize. Capacitating them for entrepreneurship-
based economic development must therefore start with barangay
officials having the political will, commitment, and economic sense in

71
fulfilling the mandate of spending more on economic development.
Table 19
THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION TO THE HEALTH OF THE
RESIDENTS
Does this project protect and promote the right to health of the residents of
Quintina as well as their right to a healthful and balanced ecology?
1 Yes
2 Oo
3 Yes
4 Oo
5 Amu
In question number nine (9) majority of the total respondents
stated that, these projects were made to protect and promote the right
to health of the residents of Quintina as well as their right to healthful
and balance ecology. Most of them answered yes to the given
question.
It implied that majority of the respondents positively agreed if
the project really protected and promoted the right to health of the
residents of Quintina as well as their right to a healthful and balanced
ecology. Thus, it was the philosophy and policy of managing the
environment to assure adequate supplies of natural resources for
future as well as present generations. This implied that these projects
really promoted and protected the environment and the residents from

72
the natural disaster. It was expected that the result in the
development of coastal resources that was sustainable, allowing these
resources to continue providing environmental service, and health
service.
Table 20
MAINTAINING THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE HEALTH OF THE
RESIDENTS
If yes, do this protection and the right to health of the residents of Quintina
have been maintained?
Indicators Responses
R1 Yes, kasi nagkaconduct ng monthly coastal clean-up, sa
pamamagitan nito napapanatili ang kalainisan sa kapaligiran at
maiiwasan ang may magkasakit.
R2 Yes, kasi dahil sa kalinisan hindi na madalas magkasakit ang mga
tao lalo na mga bata.
R3 No, kasi para sa akin, minsan hindi lang naman kalinisan ng
kapaligiran ang kailangan kundi ang supporta ng government tulad
ng libreng gamut.
R4 Oo, kasi ginagawa lahat ng LGU na tugunan ang pangangailangan
na pangkalusuganng mga mamamayan.
R5 No, kasi yong iba kinakapos parin sa mga pangangailangan lalo na
yong malaki ang myembro ng pamilya.
In question number ten (10) majority of the total respondents
stated that, this protections and the right to health of the residents of
Quintina had been maintained through the cleanliness of the coastal
area and letting the residents to be responsible enough on their action.
There were also respondents who didn’t experience the so called
protection and their right to health. They said that it’s not just about
having a clean environment but most important for them was the

73
support of the government like giving free medicines. It is rational to
decisions to the government to maintain and to promote the health of
the residents concerning the conservation and sustainable use of the
environment.
This implied that having different perceptions when it came to
the protection and their right to health, still most of the residents
thought and believed that through this project healthful environment
and their health was protected. In the way, the economy was will
managed and had an impact on the environment which in turn,
affected both welfare and health of the people. Ecosystems were
interconnected; what happens in one ultimately affected the other.
Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presented the summary of the study, its findings

74
derived from the data gathered; the resulting conclusions arrived from
its findings and the suggested recommendations by the researcher.
Summary
The study was concerned with the Perceptions of the residents of
quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding integrated coastal resources
management project of local government unit.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age;
b. Sex;
c. Civil status;
d. Educational attainment;
e. Occupation, and
f. Monthly income?
2. What were the activities under the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project of Local Government Unit in Quintina, San
Pascual, Masbate?

75
3. What were the perceptions of the residents in Quintina, San
Pascual, Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project of Local Government Unit in terms of:
a. management procedure
b. development of the community
4. What were the advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources
Management Project to the residents of Quintina, San Pasccual,
Masbate?
The study had utilized descriptive method, as it was found out to
be complementary to the nature of the data researched. A structured
set of questionnaire had been utilized as sole researcher instrument.
In the statistical tools; Sloven’s formula, frequency count, percentage
technique, and arithmetic mean were utilized.
The respondents of the study were the residents of Quintina, San
Pascual, Masbate that lived near at the coastal area. In gathering the
data the researchers distributed questionnaires and conducted of
interview with the residents of Quintina to determine their Perceptions
regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project of
local government unit. The study had been considered significant to

76
the employers, student, and researchers.
Findings
The following were the vital findings of the study.
1. Regarding the demographic profile of the respondents.
a. Age. The 18-23 years old age bracket was earned by the
highest frequency of 26 and a percentage of 27: and the lowest
frequency was obtained by 72-77 years old and above with a score of
2 and a percentage of 3.
b. Sex. The highest frequency score of 63 and a percentage of
65 were obtained by the females and the lowest frequency score of 34
and a percentage of 35 got by males.
c. Civil Status. Married status got the highest frequency of 67
and a percentage of 69. Separated persons got the lowest frequency of
1 and a percentage of 1.
d. Educational attainment. High school graduates got the highest
frequency of 35 and a percentage of 36. College level got the lowest
frequency of 3 and a percentage of 3.
e. Occupation. Being a housewife/housekeeper got the highest
frequency of 50 and a percentage of 51: Teacher and being an

77
entrepreneur got the lowest frequency of 2 and a percentage 2.
f. Monthly income. 2501-3000 got the highest frequency of 19
and a percentage of 20: 5501-6000 and 4001-4500 got the lowest
frequency of 2 and a percentage of 2.
2. Based from the perceptions of the residents of Quintina, San
pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal resources
management project of local government unit, in terms of;
a. The management procedure
It revealed that the respondents were much aware and agrees
on the project implemented by the local government unit. They
positively affirmed on the questions. It revealed their positive
perceptions with a mean frequency of 94 or 97% for “YES” and 3 or
3% for “NO”. It implied that the respondents and government agency
concerned, the local government unit, the barangay officials were
working together for the success of the project in the area.
b. Development to the community
Regarding to the development to the community brought about
by the integrated coastal resources management project of local
government unit, it revealed that the residents agreed to the

78
development to the community with a mean frequency for yes was 91
or 94% and for the “NO” was 6 or 6%. This implied that they were
very hopeful that this project enhanced human skills that generated
jobs to uplift the standard of living. This was also safeguarded the
coastal resources of the area, thus contributing to the protection of the
environment.
Conclusions
Based from the significant findings of the study the following
conclusions were drawn:
1. The demographic profiles of the respondents were varied.
2. The respondents were aware and positively agreed to the
integrated coastal resources management project, therefore,
they were knowledgeable of the benefits in the implementation
of it.
3. The implementation of integrated coastal resources management
project was a big helped to the residents in terms of protection
to the environment and coastal resources.
4. The implementation of integrated coastal resources management
project had a lot of advantages that helped the residents and the

79
community to improve their way of living.
Recommendations
Based from the findings and conclusions of the study. The
following recommendations were presented for consideration.
1. The government may provide a program pertaining on how they
can allocate and protect the environment.
2. The residents may be proactive on the program and project of the
government rather than reactive.
3. The local government may sustain environmental consciousness,
programs and projects for the residents to become more
productive individuals.
4. The local government may be firmed and strict on implementing
rules and regulation when it comes to environment protection.
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Biliana, Cicin-Sain, Knecht, Jang, and Fisk, Integrated Coastal and
Ocean Management: Concepts And Practices
2011.
Ginn, “Integrated Coastal Zone Management”- vol.12.
Haughton, and Siar, Socio-economic Indicators in Integrated Coastal
Zone, Issue 491.
Salomons, Turner, and de Lacerda; Perspectives on Integrated
Coastal Zone Management; vol.5.
Vallega,Fundamentals of Integrated Coastal Management; vol.1.
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