In bacterial chemotaxis, which feature of the bacterial flagella det.pdf

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In bacterial chemotaxis, which feature of the bacterial flagella determines whether a bacterium is in a run or tumble? A. the shape of the flagella B. whether the flagella rotate of move in a whip-like fashion C. the speed of rotation of the flagella D. the direction of rotation of the flagella E. all of the above Solution E). All of the above Flagella are the elongated motile structures of some cell surfaces, which are composed of microtubules. They are needed for the locomotion of the organism. They consists of microtubules arranged in 9+2 array. The microtubules slide along one another and produce “whip-like” motion. When the bacteria is moving, we can detect by observing the flagella..

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Describe the principal costs incurred in the business that employs y.pdf

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Compare and contrast swabs and contact (RODAC) plates for their ability to enumerate bacteria and viruses from surfaces. (Consider the question carefully, it is a bit of a trick question). Solution Swabs and contact (RODAC) plate methods are use for surface sampling for all microorganisms. In Swabs method, we use sterile cotton or calcium alginate swabs for small surfaces and Sponges for big surfaces to pick microorganisms and transfer them to broth nutrient medium. This method is easy to use, Inexpensive and can apply to any surfaces. The main disadvantage of this method is microorganisms’ recovery is very poor and collectable in broth medium only. In contact plate or RODAC plate method, the whole plate is pressed against the surface of chosen and then collect microorganisms. RODAC abbreviates for Replicate Organism Detection and Counting. This method is usable to smooth surface very efficiently and nutrient medium flexible. The main disadvantage for this method is, overgrowth occurs if surface is highly contaminated..

Compare and contrast swabs and contact (RODAC) plates for their abil.pdf

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Briefly explain the ventral and dorsal body cavities and the membranes which line the ventral cavities. What is a mesentery? Solution The ventral body cavity is a body cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the body. It is made up of the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity. The abdominopelvic cavity is further divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, but there is no physical barrier between the two. The abdominal cavity contains digestive organs, the pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. The thoracic cavity is further separated into the pleural cavity which contains the lungs and the superior mediastinum which includes the pericardial (heart) cavity. The organs within the ventral body cavity are called the viscera. The walls of the ventral body cavity and outer covering of its organs contain a thin covering called the serosa (also called serous membrane). It is a double-layered membrane made up of two parts called the “parietal serosa” (lines the cavity walls) and “visceral serosa” (covers organs in the cavity). The serous membranes are separated by a thin layer of fluid called “serous fluid“. Serous fluid is secreted by both membranes and acts as a lubricant, allowing organs to slide in the cavity without causing friction. The dorsal body cavity is located along the dorsal (posterior) surface of the body, where it is subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord. The two cavities are continuous with one another. The cranial cavity is a large, bean-shaped cavity filling most of the upper skull where the brain is located.The vertebral cavity is a very narrow, thread-like cavity running from the cranial cavity down the entire length of the spinal cord. Just as the brain and spinal cord make up a continuous, uninterrupted structure, the cranial and spinal cavities that house them are also continuous. The brain and spinal cord are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column and by cerebrospinal fluid, a colorless fluid produced by the brain, which cushions the brain and spinal cord within the posterior (dorsal) cavity. The covering and protective membranes for the dorsal body cavity are called meninges..

Briefly explain the ventral and dorsal body cavities and the membran.pdf

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a connective tissue that is responsible for the shape of our nose..pdf

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6. In humans, having a widow’s peak (W) is dominant to not having a widow’s peak (w). Sally has a widow’s peak. If Sally has a son who does not have a widow’s peak, what genotype can the father NOT be? 7. The ability to roll the tongue inward in humans is determined by the dominant gene T. From a couple both able to roll the tongue, a child is born. The child is unable to roll the tongue. What is the genotype of each of the parents? Solution 6.ans-The father cannot be WW As one allele comes from father as Sally is Ww. 7 ans- the genotype of each of the parents is Tt On solving by Punitt square the offsprings are TT,Tt,Tt& recessive tt. The recessive tt genotype offspring cannot roll tongue.

6. In humans, having a widow’s peak (W) is dominant to not having a .pdf

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28. What is the proposed role of thioredoxin in seed protein mobilization? 29. How do monocots and eudicots differ in the placement and activation of the peptidases needed to mobilize seed storage proteins? Solution 28)The role of thioredoxin in seed protein mobilization is that it leads to the reduction of disulfide bonds and they respond of active oxygen species and help in the proteing mobilization. 29)The monocots and eudicots are different. When we have a monocot seed and we open it then the stored food of the seed is present as one unit .On the other hand the Eudicots have the food source which is broken into two parts – which is referred by “di”. Moreover when the seed germinates, the monocot usually forms one seed leaf which is known as the the cotyledon while the the Eudicot forms two seed leaves Another difference is that the monocots are represented by the leaves which have parallel veins. This shows that the veins usually begin at the base of the leaf and these veins usually move parallel to one another towards the end While the Eudicots have leaves with net veins,.

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Write a short assembly code that does the followingAdd the conten.pdf

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Write a 250-300 word abstract explaining that the internet is the greatest acheivement in the 21st century. It was not invented in the 21st cenury but it has mainly become significant in the 21st century. USE IEEE format. Thank you! Solution The Internet is, obviously, one of mankind’s greatest accomplishments in this Information Age. But this new technology not only saves time—it wastes it too. It makes life simpler, yet more complicated; it brings us together, yet pushes us apart. Now that is a paradox! Internet is one of the great advances not only of our current culture, but of any culture at any point in history. The Internet allows for better documentation of the world around us, and we are slowly getting closer to a completely accurate documentation of history. Heffernan compares prior historical documentation to the crackle of vinyl records: they are a representation of reality created by humans but with a low fidelity to reality itself. Technology, including the internet, is slowly evolving to be better at documenting what life is like. There are 4D movies, iPhones that can create holograms, and apps to document police encounters (such as Hands Up) or put dog ears on a selfie (Snapchat.) As Mark Fischbach, online Youtube personality known as Markiplier, said back in December, 2014: “The global, shining goal of the Internet is to combine everybody and to let everyone talk with everyone, and unite, and make cool stuff together. I didn’t know it would happen this quickly.” He’s quite right. The Internet works best when everyone can contribute, and it lets people across the world interact and learn about other cultures, and other ways of thinking. Just a few decades ago, sound in movies was a brand new thing, and color wasn\'t even thought of. It was not that long ago that historians filmed real life Civil War veterans doing the now famous rebel yell. As Heffernan points out, the Internet and similar technologies are just illusions of pure documentation, like video of Civil War vets. What\'s more, the Internet is just getting better... Our troubles and calamities have not just doubled; they’ve multiplied—thanks to modern technology! But our God has allowed modern communication methods to dramatically increase. The Internet is bridging the gap that He put in place some 4,000 years ago. Already, the minds of the people of the nations of the world have been drawn closer together—and now, with the help of the digital information superhighway, man has turned earth into a “global village.” With this invention he’s not only collapsed distance; he’s demolished all inhibiting boundaries..

Write a 250-300 word abstract explaining that the internet is the gr.pdf

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Write a program in java in which you will build the“Sink theShipsGam.pdf

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Write a function We want a function, called split, that has three parameters: one input file stream, and two output file streams. The function split does not open the stream itself. It reads the first number from the input file, let\'s call this number f, and uses f to split the input file into one file with all the numbers that are less or equal to f and one file with all the numbers that are greater than f. The number less or equal to f and one file with all the numbers that are greater than f. The number less or equal to f are written into the file connected to the first output file stream parameter and those greater are written into the file connected to the second output file stream parameter. Hint; It is possible that the input file is empty. Solution #include using namespace std; void split(ifstream& in,ofstream& o1,ofstream& o2) { int num; int f; in>>f; //Take first number while(in>>num) { if(num>f) //if number is less than first number then write to Output 1 { o1<.

Write a functionWe want a function, called split, that has three p.pdf

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Why is it recommended that vegans take an oral vitamin B12 supplement? Provide a detailed answer and back up with research. Solution Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin- it is a water soluble vitamin so it does not stay in the body for long time, thus required from dietary intake or supplements. Sources- liver, fish, shellfish, crabs, tofu, soy milk, egg, dairy products, red meat, cheese etc. Importance of vitamin B12- It is observed in various studies that Vegetarians or vegans whose dietary intake does not contain vitamin B12- rich food items are usually deficient in vitaminB12 and hence are prone to diseases like- Depression Constipation Confusion and dementia Cardiovascular diseases Neurological and mood disorders Bone disorders According to a study published online by Kaam S Woo, et al,i n the journal Nutrients, vegans especially Indians and Chinese are more likely to suffer from metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency. Also strict vegetarians ( those who totally avoid consumption of eggs and dairy products) are even more vulnerable to vitamin B 12 deficiency, which eventually affects or alters the arterial endothelial function and carotid-intima-media thickness (changes in these 2 parameters leads to atherosclerosis). Further, the deficiency can also lead to neurological disorders like dementia etc. Thus it is recommended to vegans to consume food fortified with vitamin B12, diary products and vitB12 supplements. Regular checkup for serum level of vital B12 is mandatory to avoid any risks that are associated with its deficiency..

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16. The respirations that accompany metabolic acidosis are frequently called Kussmaul\'s respirations or \"air hunger.\" What is the purpose of such respirations? 17. A person is found uncounscious. He is wearing a Medic-Alert bracelet for diabetes and his breath has the typical odor of acetone (Ketoacids). a. Predict his serum pH and the rationale for this prediction. b. Predicts his serum potassium level. 18. A person will probably become very dehydrated as ketoacidosis develops. What heart rate and pulse characteristics would you expect to be present in this dehydrated condition Solution 17] Purpose of Kussmaul breathing is blow off excess CO2 build up in body It is deep, gasping respirations that may be slow or rapid. Often associated with metabolic acidosis, this breathing pattern is compensatory as it attempts to blow off excess CO2 build up in body Kussmaul is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood gases on a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a low partial pressure of CO2 in conjunction with low bicarbonate because of a forced increased respiration. Kussmaul breathing develops, as the acidosis grows more severe..

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What sorts of network monitoring tools are available to network administrators, and what types of information are included in various logs? Solution Answer :- Network Monitoring Tools for Network Administrators : The best free tools for monitoring devices, services, ports or protocols and analyzing traffic on your network. 1. Microsoft Network Monitor : Microsoft Network Monitor is a packet analyzer that allows you to capture, view and analyze network traffic. This tool is handy for troubleshooting network problems and applications on the network. 2. Nagios : Nagios is a powerful network monitoring tool that helps you to ensure that your critical systems, applications and services are always up and running. It provides features such as alerting, event handling and reporting. 3. OpenNMS : OpenNMS is an open source enterprise grade network management application that offers automated discovery, event and notification management, performance measurement, and service assurance features. 4. Advanced IP Scanner : Advanced IP Scanner is a fast and easy to use network scanner that detects any network devices (including wireless devices such as mobile phones, printers and WIFI routers) on your network. 5. Capsa Free : Capsa Free is a network analyzer that allows you to monitor network traffic, troubleshoot network issues and analyze packets. 6. Fiddler : Fiddler is a web debugging tool that captures HTTP traffic between chosen computers and the Internet. 7. NetworkMiner : NetworkMiner captures network packets and then parses the data to extract files and images, helping you to reconstruct events that a user has taken on the network it can also do this by parsing a pre-captured PCAP file. 8. Pandora FMS : Pandora FMS is a performance monitoring, network monitoring and availability management tool that keeps an eye on servers, applications and communications. 9. Zenoss Core : Zenoss Core is a powerful open source IT monitoring platform that monitors applications, servers, storage, networking and virtualization to provide availability and performance statistics. 10. PRTG Network Monitor Freeware : PRTG Network Monitor monitors network availability and network usage using a variety of protocols including SNMP Netflow and WMI. It is a powerful tool that offers an easy to use web-based interface and apps for iOS and Android. 11. Splunk : Splunk is a data collection and analysis platform that allows you to monitor, gather and analyze data from different sources on your network (e.g. event logs, devices, services, TCP/UDP traffic, etc). 12. Angry IP Scanner : Angry IP Scanner is standalone application that facilitates IP address and port scanning. It is used to scan a range of IP addresses to find hosts that are alive and obtain information about them (including MAC address, open ports, hostname, ping time, NetBios information, etc)..

What sorts of network monitoring tools are available to network admi.pdf

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What is the difference between site and source energy? Solution Site Energy Site energy is the energy which is consumed at the final destination of the power generation cycle, and to simplify, is the amount of energy shown on a utility bill. It is the power that is used by the customer, whether residential, commercial, or industrial. The site energy for a building is all of the energy used in the building - plug loads, lighting loads, all equipment power (gas, electric, etc) - as calculated by meters on site. Once energy reaches its final source and becomes site energy, its use is evaluated based on the amount of that energy that is converted to useful power and the amount that is wasted. Source Energy Source energy includes the site energy plus all of the energy used to provide and distribute the site energy. As stated before, it includes the entire chain of energy so it is often called Total Energy. Source energy is sub-divided into two major components: primary energy and secondary energy. Primary energy is the raw material that is consumed in order to create the power that is then distributed to consumers. The power that enters the distribution system is known as secondary energy – it is the energy that results from the transformation of the primary energy. Examples of primary energy are coal, natural gas and wood, while examples of secondary energy are electricity and steam..

What is the difference between site and source energySolutionS.pdf

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Westminster Financial has released a summary of investor and investment package information from the past fiscal year. During this time, Westminster provided a choice among 12 pre- designed investment packages, which it classified into three categories according to riskiness: risky, moderate/mixed, and conservative. Suppose that we?re interested in the possible relationship between the age of an investor and the riskiness of the investment package she chose. The following contingency table gives a summary of the information released by Westminster regarding age and riskiness of investment package for 150 investors. In the cells of the table are the respective observed frequencies, and three of the cells also have blanks. Fill in these blanks with the frequencies expected if the two variables, riskiness of investment package chosen and age of investor, are independent. Round your responses to at least two decimal places. Solution Prepare contingency table: chi-square = 11.6 degrees of freedom = 4 probability = 0.021.

Westminster Financial has released a summary of investor and investme.pdf

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What are the application that uses Bernoulli equations? What are the application that uses Bernoulli equations? What are the application that uses Bernoulli equations? Solution Several applications of Bernoulli\'s equations are there, which are: 1. Pitot\'s tube- to calculate velcoity of fluid at a point 2. Venturi meter- to calculate flow rate in a pipe 3. Notches and weirs- to calculate the flow rate 4. Syphon between two reservoirs containing fluid 5. Creating lift and drag force on surfaces 5. Lift and drag force computation.

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Under which type of loading does fatigue occur? static load plane load high load repeated load Which of the following may be the Poisson ratio of a material? 0.35 0.52 0.55 0.60 Solution 1.D Fatigue occurs when a material is subjected to repeated loading and unloading. If the loads are above a certain threshold, microscopic cracks will begin to form at the stress concentrators such as the surface, persistent slip bands (PSBs), and grain interfaces. 2.poissons ratio =0.35 since poissons ratio is between 0 to 0.5.

Under which type of loading does fatigue occur static load plane l.pdf

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True / False 1. The primary difference, in terms of processing, between gray iron and ductile iron is that ductile iron has a very small addition of Mg or Ce added to generate nodules of graphite in the microstructure. 2. Ferrous based materials are sometimes limited in their use in a given application due to issues such as poor corrosion resistance, high density, and relatively poor conductivity. 3. Annealing is the exposure of a material to an elevated temperature for a short time period followed by quenching to room temperature at a fast rate. 4. Die casting is generally more capital intensive than sand casting and so is better suited for making high volumes of the same part. 5. Over-aging during precipitation hardening processing will result in a decrease in strength of the material. Solution 1.true(Nodule formation is achieved by adding nodulizing elements, most commonly magnesium and, less often now, cerium) 2.false( ferrous based materials have relatively high conductivity) 3.true(for copper, silver and brass can be quenched quickly at fast rate, where as for ferrous metals like steel slow cooling is required to anneal) 4.true( die casting needs more capital investment for casting equipments and metal dies) 5.false( over-aging during precipitation hardening process is done to increase the strength of the material).

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The graph to the right shows the number of cities with certain averag.pdf

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Snort started as what type of system? A. Behavior-based IPS system B. Signature-based IDS system C. Behavior-based IDS system D. Signature-based IPS system Solution B. Snort started as a signature-based IDS system. Today, Snort has grown to include behavior- based features. A signature-based system examines data to check for malicious content. When data is found that matches one of these known signatures, it can be flagged to initiate further action. Answer A is incorrect because Snort is not a behavior-based IPS system. Answer C is incorrect because Snort is not a behavior-based IDS system. Answer D is incorrect because although Snort is signature based, it is considered an IDS system, not an IPS system. IPS systems are unlike IDS systems in that IPS systems have much greater response capabilities and allow administrators to initiate action upon being alerted.

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