How exactly do Protease inhibitors help HIV patients fight the disea.pdf
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How exactly do Protease inhibitors help HIV patients fight the disease? Where exactly do quinolones act to prevent bacterial multiplication? Cite 4 characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent Solution 1.Enzyme that breaks down protein into its building blocks, amino acids, is called a protease.In an HIV virus, proteolytic cleavage of the polypeptide precursors into mature enzymes and structural proteins are catalyzed by HIV protease.HIV protease inhibitors are peptide-like chemicals that competitively inhibit the action of the virus aspartyl protease. These drugs prevent proteolytic cleavage of HIV Gag and Pol polyproteins that include essential structural and enzymatic components of the virus. This prevents the conversion of HIV particles into their mature infectious form. 2.Quinolones bind to a bacterial complex of DNA and DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication. Quinolones such as nalidixic acid bind to the cleavage complex composed of DNA and gyrase during this strand passage. This interaction of quinolone acts to stabilize the cleavage intermediate which has a detrimental effect on the normal DNA replication process. The effects of this inhibition result in the death of the bacterial cell. The newer fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin also interact with DNA gyrase and possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. 3.solubility in body fluids-agent must dissolve in body fluids to be transported in the body and reach the infectious organisms selective toxicity-agents must be more toxic to microorganisms than to host cells. toxicity not easily altered-agent should maintain a standard toxicity and not be made more or less toxic by interactions with foods and other drugs or abnormal conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease in the host nonallergenic-agent should not elicit an allergic reaction in the host stability-maintenance of a constant, therapeutic concentration in blood and tissue fluids, agent should be sufficiently stable in body fluids.
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The Biology of HIV-AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is.pdf
The Biology of HIV/AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease
characterized by the progressive deterioration of an individual's immune system. The
immunological impairment allows infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites
to invade the body and propagate unchecked. In addition, the incidence of certain cancers
dramatically increases in these patients because of faulty immunosurveillance. AIDS is a serious
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viral gp proteins are also included in the test. Beneath the bilayer is a capsid consisting of p17
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my self rasika walunj to day am going to deliver a seminar portease drug inhibitors in AIDS from modern college of pharmacy moshi pune
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and p18. Within this shell is the viral core. The walls of the core consist of p 24 and p25. Within
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been cloned and generated in relatively large quantities. An individual can receive an inoculum
of HIV through an abrasion in a mucosal surface (e.g., genital and rectal walls), a blood
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my self rasika walunj to day am going to deliver a seminar portease drug inhibitors in AIDS from modern college of pharmacy moshi pune
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Lists the stages in the development of the earth and the formatio.pdf
Lists the stages in the development of the earth and the formation of life on earth
Lists the stages in the development of the earth and the formation of life on earth
Solution
Earth is the only habitable planet in our solar system known so far and the process of
development of the Earth play an important role in sustaining life on Earth. Many theories exist
which debate on the formation of Earth. But the most plausible theory is the core accretion
theory. The development of the Earth was accompanied by immense geological changes which
gradually gave rise to life on this planet and eventually evolution took place.
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During the year 2019, the company issued 8,000 shares on May 1 and retired 14,000 shares on
October 31. For the year 2019, Martinez Company reported net income of $271,100 after a loss
from discontinued operations of $41,000 (net of tax).
What earnings per share data should be reported at the bottom of its income statement?
Solution
Weighted average shares outstanding = 210000+(8000/12*8)-(14000/12*2)= 213000
Earnings per share = Net income/Weighted average shares outstanding = 271100/213000= 1.27.
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Lists the stages in the development of the earth and the formatio.pdf
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What earnings per share data should be reported at the bottom of its income statement?
Solution
Weighted average shares outstanding = 210000+(8000/12*8)-(14000/12*2)= 213000
Earnings per share = Net income/Weighted average shares outstanding = 271100/213000= 1.27.
Is fat soluble produced in the skin Vitamin K Cortisol Vitamin A V.pdf
Is fat soluble produced in the skin Vitamin K Cortisol Vitamin A Vitamin D Sucrose is a _
monosaccharide discolored polysaccharide triglyceride in certain kinds of muscle cell calcium
ions are stored in _ The smooth ER the rough ER both smooth and rough ER the cytoplasm The
RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the factory site for protein formation is rRNA
mRNA tRNA ssRNA A red Mood cell placed In pure water would _ shrink swell initially, then
shrink as equilibrium it received neither shrink nor swell swell and burst Which of the
following describes the plasma membrane? a single-layered membrane that surrounds the
nucleus of the cell a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma the phospholipid bilayer
surrounding the cell a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae Which of these is not a
function of the plasma membrane? It is selectively permeable. It prevents potassium ions from
leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell. It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction
and recognition. It encloses the cell contents. Which structures are fingerlike projections that
greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? stereo cilia microvilli cilia flagella Which of the
following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? circulating antibody molecular transport
through the membrane forms a lipid bilayer oxygen transport
Solution
29 d. Vitamin D (also known as sunshine vitamin, exists in two forms. Vitamin D2 is obtained
from UV)
30 b. Disaccharide ( sucrose is made of two monosaccharrides glucose and fructose)
31 a. The smooth ER (sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of smooth ER that regulates
calcium ions in the muscles)
32 c. t RNA (it functions at specific sites in the ribosomes during translation).
33 d. swell and burst (endosmosis occurs causing the water to move inside the cell)
34 c. The phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. (Also contains proteins embedded in this bi-
layer)
35 b. Prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cells (
their movement is controlled by sodium potassium pump)
36. Microvilli (epithelial cells in the intestine can have 1000 microvilli that increase surface area
by 25 times)
37.b. Molecular transport through the membrane (transport of molecules and ions is mediated by
transport proteins)..
In bacterial chemotaxis, which feature of the bacterial flagella det.pdf
In bacterial chemotaxis, which feature of the bacterial flagella determines whether a bacterium is
in a run or tumble?
A. the shape of the flagella
B. whether the flagella rotate of move in a whip-like fashion
C. the speed of rotation of the flagella
D. the direction of rotation of the flagella
E. all of the above
Solution
E). All of the above
Flagella are the elongated motile structures of some cell surfaces, which are composed of
microtubules. They are needed for the locomotion of the organism. They consists of
microtubules arranged in 9+2 array. The microtubules slide along one another and produce
“whip-like” motion. When the bacteria is moving, we can detect by observing the flagella..
How would I describe the rejection region of the test that has si.pdf
How would I describe the rejection region of the test that has significant level of 0.05 and find
the power function of the test Let X1, X2, .., Xn be a random sample of size 20 from a Bernoulli
distribution with parameter p. Inorder to test the null hypothesis H0 : p ge 1/2 versus the
alternative hypothesis H1: p
Solution
Already answered this question.
Fred, Tom, Jenny and Sarah pooled their money and purchased a packet .pdf
Fred, Tom, Jenny and Sarah pooled their money and purchased a packet of jellybeans. Tom
received twice as many jellybeans as Fred while Sarah received tour less than Tom. Jenny was
given a third of the number of jellybeans that Sarah received. How many jellybeans did each of
the children receive if there were 40 jellybeans in the packet?
Solution
Let Fred has x jellybeans.so tom has 2x , sarah has 2x-4 , jenny has (2x-4)/3 jellybeans.since
they total have 40 jellybeans then
x + 2x + (2x-4) + (2x-4)/3 = 40
=> 3x+4(2x-4)/3=40
=>17x-16=120
=>x=136/17=8
so fred has 8,tom has 16,sarah has 12 & jenny has 4 jellybeans..
Explain the various categories of ratio analysis and provide example.pdf
Explain the various categories of ratio analysis and provide examples of at least two ratios in
each category. If you were an investor, which category would you be most interested in? Why?
Solution
Part-1
Ratios are used by lenders and business analysts to determine a company\'s financial stability and
standing.It\'s important to understand that financial ratios are time sensitive; they can only show
a picture of a business at a given time. There are five catagories of Financial ratios and those are
as follows :
Part-2 :
There are a large variety of ratios out there, but for an investor using financial ratios which are
broken up into four major categories: profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and
valuation ratios. As an investor he should consider Profitability ratio because Profitability ratio is
a key piece of information that should be analyzed when you\'re considering investing in a
company. This is because high revenues alone don\'t necessarily translate into dividends for
investors unless a company is able to clear all of its expenses and costs. In general, the higher a
company\'s profit margin, the better, but as with most ratios, it is not enough to look at it in
isolation. It is important to compare it to the company\'s past levels, to the market average and to
its competitors.
Profitability Ratios : The profitability ratios are just what the name implies. They focus on the
firm\'s ability to generate a profit and an adequate return on assets and equity. They measure how
efficiently the firm uses its assets and how effectively it manages its operations and answers
questions like how efficiency his business and it helps to compare with other competitor.
Examples of Proftitablity ratios are Gross profit ratio, Net profit ratio, Operating profit ratio and
Return on investment ratio.
Market Value Ratios : The market value ratios can be calculated for publicly traded companies
only as they relate to stock price. There are many market value ratios, but a few of the most
commonly used are price/earnings (P/E), book value to share value and dividend yield .
LEVERAGE RATIO /Capital Structure ration : The term capital structure refers to the
relationship between various long term forms of financing such as debentures (long term),
preference share capital and equity share capital including reserves and surpluses. Leverage or
capital structure ratios are calculated to test the long term financial position of a firm. Generally
capital gearing ratio is mainly calculated to analyse the leverage or capital structure of the firm.
Example of ratios are total debt ratios, the debt/equity ratio, the long-term debt ratio, the times
interest earned ratio, the fixed charge coverage ratio, and the cash coverage ratio.
Asset Efficiency or Turnover Ratios : The asset efficiency or turnover ratios measure the
efficiency with which the firm uses its assets to produce sales. As a result, it focuses on both the
income statement (sales) and the .
Factor the expression completely. Begin by factoring out the lowest .pdf
Factor the expression completely. Begin by factoring out the lowest power of each common
factor. Factor the expression completely. Begin by factoring out the lowest power of each
common factor. 4x^-5/2 + 4x^-3/2 + x^-1/2
Solution
4x^-5/2 + 4x^-3/2 + x^-1/2
lowest common term of all the terms is x^-3/2
x^-3/2( 4x^-1 + 4 + x).
Describe the principal costs incurred in the business that employs y.pdf
The principal costs incurred in my current business include fixed costs like rent and utilities, variable costs like materials that fluctuate with production volume, and mixed costs that have both fixed and variable components like payroll. If production volume increased 10%, variable costs per unit would decrease as fixed costs are spread out over more units, while unit fixed costs would remain the same and unit mixed costs would decrease to some extent depending on how much the variable portion increased with production.
Compare and contrast swabs and contact (RODAC) plates for their abil.pdf
Compare and contrast swabs and contact (RODAC) plates for their ability to enumerate bacteria
and viruses from surfaces. (Consider the question carefully, it is a bit of a trick question).
Solution
Swabs and contact (RODAC) plate methods are use for surface sampling for all microorganisms.
In Swabs method, we use sterile cotton or calcium alginate swabs for small surfaces and Sponges
for big surfaces to pick microorganisms and transfer them to broth nutrient medium. This method
is easy to use, Inexpensive and can apply to any surfaces. The main disadvantage of this method
is microorganisms’ recovery is very poor and collectable in broth medium only.
In contact plate or RODAC plate method, the whole plate is pressed against the surface of
chosen and then collect microorganisms. RODAC abbreviates for Replicate Organism Detection
and Counting. This method is usable to smooth surface very efficiently and nutrient medium
flexible. The main disadvantage for this method is, overgrowth occurs if surface is highly
contaminated..
Briefly explain the ventral and dorsal body cavities and the membran.pdf
Briefly explain the ventral and dorsal body cavities and the membranes which line the ventral
cavities. What is a mesentery?
Solution
The ventral body cavity is a body cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the body. It is
made up of the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity. The abdominopelvic cavity is
further divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, but there is no physical barrier
between the two. The abdominal cavity contains digestive organs, the pelvic cavity contains the
urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum.
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. The thoracic
cavity is further separated into the pleural cavity which contains the lungs and the superior
mediastinum which includes the pericardial (heart) cavity.
The organs within the ventral body cavity are called the viscera.
The walls of the ventral body cavity and outer covering of its organs contain a thin covering
called the serosa (also called serous membrane). It is a double-layered membrane made up of two
parts called the “parietal serosa” (lines the cavity walls) and “visceral serosa” (covers organs in
the cavity). The serous membranes are separated by a thin layer of fluid called “serous fluid“.
Serous fluid is secreted by both membranes and acts as a lubricant, allowing organs to slide in
the cavity without causing friction.
The dorsal body cavity is located along the dorsal (posterior) surface of the body, where it is
subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord.
The two cavities are continuous with one another.
The cranial cavity is a large, bean-shaped cavity filling most of the upper skull where the brain is
located.The vertebral cavity is a very narrow, thread-like cavity running from the cranial cavity
down the entire length of the spinal cord. Just as the brain and spinal cord make up a continuous,
uninterrupted structure, the cranial and spinal cavities that house them are also continuous. The
brain and spinal cord are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column and by
cerebrospinal fluid, a colorless fluid produced by the brain, which cushions the brain and spinal
cord within the posterior (dorsal) cavity.
The covering and protective membranes for the dorsal body cavity are called meninges..
a connective tissue that is responsible for the shape of our nose..pdf
a connective tissue that is responsible for the shape of our nose.
Solution
There are total 4 types of connective tissues such as bone, blood, cartilage and adipose tissue.
Cartilagenous tissue is responsible for the shape of our nose because vomeronasal cartilage and
septal cartilage are the two main connective tissues that make to shape the nose..
6. In humans, having a widow’s peak (W) is dominant to not having a .pdf
6. In humans, having a widow’s peak (W) is dominant to not having a widow’s peak (w). Sally
has a widow’s peak. If Sally has a son who does not have a widow’s peak, what genotype can the
father NOT be?
7. The ability to roll the tongue inward in humans is determined by the dominant gene T. From a
couple both able to roll the tongue, a child is born. The child is unable to roll the tongue. What is
the genotype of each of the parents?
Solution
6.ans-The father cannot be WW
As one allele comes from father as Sally is Ww.
7 ans- the genotype of each of the parents is Tt
On solving by Punitt square the offsprings are TT,Tt,Tt& recessive tt. The recessive tt genotype
offspring cannot roll tongue.
28. What is the proposed role of thioredoxin in seed protein mobiliz.pdf
28. What is the proposed role of thioredoxin in seed protein mobilization?
29. How do monocots and eudicots differ in the placement and activation of the peptidases
needed to mobilize seed storage proteins?
Solution
28)The role of thioredoxin in seed protein mobilization is that it leads to the reduction of
disulfide bonds and they respond of active oxygen species and help in the proteing mobilization.
29)The monocots and eudicots are different. When we have a monocot seed and we open it then
the stored food of the seed is present as one unit .On the other hand the Eudicots have the food
source which is broken into two parts – which is referred by “di”. Moreover when the seed
germinates, the monocot usually forms one seed leaf which is known as the the cotyledon while
the the Eudicot forms two seed leaves
Another difference is that the monocots are represented by the leaves which have parallel veins.
This shows that the veins usually begin at the base of the leaf and these veins usually move
parallel to one another towards the end While the Eudicots have leaves with net veins,.
Write a short assembly code that does the followingAdd the conten.pdf
Write a short assembly code that does the following:
Add the contents of rax to rbx.
If the result is positive, then make rcx zero
else, do nothing
Solution
add %rbx %rax //The add instruction adds together its two operands, storing the result in its first
operand
mov %rcx, 0 //store the value 0 into rcx
Endcase:
L1:
Endcase:.
Write a 250-300 word abstract explaining that the internet is the gr.pdf
Write a 250-300 word abstract explaining that the internet is the greatest acheivement in the 21st
century. It was not invented in the 21st cenury but it has mainly become significant in the 21st
century. USE IEEE format. Thank you!
Solution
The Internet is, obviously, one of mankind’s greatest accomplishments in this Information Age.
But this new technology not only saves time—it wastes it too. It makes life simpler, yet more
complicated; it brings us together, yet pushes us apart.
Now that is a paradox!
Internet is one of the great advances not only of our current culture, but of any culture at any
point in history. The Internet allows for better documentation of the world around us, and we are
slowly getting closer to a completely accurate documentation of history. Heffernan compares
prior historical documentation to the crackle of vinyl records: they are a representation of reality
created by humans but with a low fidelity to reality itself.
Technology, including the internet, is slowly evolving to be better at documenting what life is
like. There are 4D movies, iPhones that can create holograms, and apps to document police
encounters (such as Hands Up) or put dog ears on a selfie (Snapchat.)
As Mark Fischbach, online Youtube personality known as Markiplier, said back in December,
2014: “The global, shining goal of the Internet is to combine everybody and to let everyone talk
with everyone, and unite, and make cool stuff together. I didn’t know it would happen this
quickly.” He’s quite right. The Internet works best when everyone can contribute, and it lets
people across the world interact and learn about other cultures, and other ways of thinking.
Just a few decades ago, sound in movies was a brand new thing, and color wasn\'t even thought
of. It was not that long ago that historians filmed real life Civil War veterans doing the now
famous rebel yell. As Heffernan points out, the Internet and similar technologies are just illusions
of pure documentation, like video of Civil War vets. What\'s more, the Internet is just getting
better...
Our troubles and calamities have not just doubled; they’ve multiplied—thanks to modern
technology! But our God has allowed modern communication methods to dramatically increase.
The Internet is bridging the gap that He put in place some 4,000 years ago.
Already, the minds of the people of the nations of the world have been drawn closer
together—and now, with the help of the digital information superhighway, man has turned earth
into a “global village.” With this invention he’s not only collapsed distance; he’s demolished all
inhibiting boundaries..
Write a program in java in which you will build the“Sink theShipsGam.pdf
Write a program in java in which you will build the“Sink theShipsGame”. The Game has a8 x 8
grid and threeships. Each ship takes up exactly three cells. In the game, it’s you against
thecomputer, but unlike the real battleship game, you don’t place any ships on yourown. Instead,
your job is to sink the computer’s ship in the fewest number of guess.
Goal:Sink all the computer’s ships(three in this case)in the fewest number ofguesses. You’re
given a rating or level, based on how well you perform.Setup:When the game program is
launched, the computerplaces three ships on a8x 8 grid(for an example, see the figure
below).The ships can be placed eithervertically or horizontally (no other placement is valid)on
empty cells of the grid.When that’scomplete the game asks for your first guess.
The computer will prompt you to enter a guess(a cell), that you will type at the command-line as
“1 3”(where “1 3” means 3rdcell ofthe 1strow), “45”, etc.. In response to your guess, you will
see a result at thecommand line,either “Hit”, “Miss”, “Kill” (or whatever the lucky battleship of
the dayis!). When you have sank all three battleships, the game ends by printing out your rating.
Here is a sample run of the game:
Your goal is to sink three ships.
Battleship1, Battleship2, Battleship3
Try to sink them all in the fewest number of guesses
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 1 3
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 2 1
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 2 2
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 3 1
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 4 1
kill
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 3 3
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 1 7
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 4 3
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 4 4
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 4 5
kill
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 5 1
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 3 1
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 6 1
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 61 1
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 6 1
miss
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 8 4
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 8 5
hit
Enter a guess [row (1 to 8)] [col (1 to 8)]: 8 6
kill
All Ships are sank!
It only took you 18 guesses.
You got out before your options sank.
When player can finish the game within 20 guesses, print the following message
(where xx is the number of guesses):
All Ships are sank!
It only took you XX guesses.
You got out before your options sank.
If it takes more than 20 guesses, print the following message
All Ships are sank!
Took you long enough. XX guesses.
Fish are dancing with your options.
The java program should terminate after 25 guesses and it should reveal the
positions of the ships and their status.
Solution
Please follow the code and comments for description :
CODE :
import java.util.Random; // required imports for the code
imp.
Write a functionWe want a function, called split, that has three p.pdf
Write a function
We want a function, called split, that has three parameters: one input file stream, and two output
file streams. The function split does not open the stream itself. It reads the first number from the
input file, let\'s call this number f, and uses f to split the input file into one file with all the
numbers that are less or equal to f and one file with all the numbers that are greater than f. The
number less or equal to f and one file with all the numbers that are greater than f. The number
less or equal to f are written into the file connected to the first output file stream parameter and
those greater are written into the file connected to the second output file stream parameter.
Hint; It is possible that the input file is empty.
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
void split(ifstream& in,ofstream& o1,ofstream& o2)
{
int num;
int f;
in>>f; //Take first number
while(in>>num)
{
if(num>f) //if number is less than first number then write to Output 1
{
o1<.
Why is it recommended that vegans take an oral vitamin B12 supplemen.pdf
Why is it recommended that vegans take an oral vitamin B12 supplement? Provide a detailed
answer and back up with research.
Solution
Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin- it is a water soluble vitamin so it does not stay in the body for
long time, thus required from dietary intake or supplements.
Sources- liver, fish, shellfish, crabs, tofu, soy milk, egg, dairy products, red meat, cheese etc.
Importance of vitamin B12-
It is observed in various studies that Vegetarians or vegans whose dietary intake does not contain
vitamin B12- rich food items are usually deficient in vitaminB12 and hence are prone to diseases
like-
Depression
Constipation
Confusion and dementia
Cardiovascular diseases
Neurological and mood disorders
Bone disorders
According to a study published online by Kaam S Woo, et al,i n the journal Nutrients, vegans
especially Indians and Chinese are more likely to suffer from metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency.
Also strict vegetarians ( those who totally avoid consumption of eggs and dairy products) are
even more vulnerable to vitamin B 12 deficiency, which eventually affects or alters the arterial
endothelial function and carotid-intima-media thickness (changes in these 2 parameters leads to
atherosclerosis). Further, the deficiency can also lead to neurological disorders like dementia etc.
Thus it is recommended to vegans to consume food fortified with vitamin B12, diary products
and vitB12 supplements. Regular checkup for serum level of vital B12 is mandatory to avoid any
risks that are associated with its deficiency..
16. The respirations that accompany metabolic acidosis are frequentl.pdf
16. The respirations that accompany metabolic acidosis are frequently called Kussmaul\'s
respirations or \"air hunger.\" What is the purpose of such respirations?
17. A person is found uncounscious. He is wearing a Medic-Alert bracelet for diabetes and his
breath has the typical odor of acetone (Ketoacids).
a. Predict his serum pH and the rationale for this prediction.
b. Predicts his serum potassium level.
18. A person will probably become very dehydrated as ketoacidosis develops. What heart rate
and pulse characteristics would you expect to be present in this dehydrated condition
Solution
17]
Purpose of Kussmaul breathing is blow off excess CO2 build up in body
It is deep, gasping respirations that may be slow or rapid. Often associated with metabolic
acidosis, this breathing pattern is compensatory as it attempts to blow off excess CO2 build up in
body
Kussmaul is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in
diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood gases on a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a
low partial pressure of CO2 in conjunction with low bicarbonate because of a forced increased
respiration. Kussmaul breathing develops, as the acidosis grows more severe..
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Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
How exactly do Protease inhibitors help HIV patients fight the disea.pdf
- 1. How exactly do Protease inhibitors help HIV patients fight the disease? Where exactly do quinolones act to prevent bacterial multiplication? Cite 4 characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent Solution 1.Enzyme that breaks down protein into its building blocks, amino acids, is called a protease.In an HIV virus, proteolytic cleavage of the polypeptide precursors into mature enzymes and structural proteins are catalyzed by HIV protease.HIV protease inhibitors are peptide-like chemicals that competitively inhibit the action of the virus aspartyl protease. These drugs prevent proteolytic cleavage of HIV Gag and Pol polyproteins that include essential structural and enzymatic components of the virus. This prevents the conversion of HIV particles into their mature infectious form. 2.Quinolones bind to a bacterial complex of DNA and DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication. Quinolones such as nalidixic acid bind to the cleavage complex composed of DNA and gyrase during this strand passage. This interaction of quinolone acts to stabilize the cleavage intermediate which has a detrimental effect on the normal DNA replication process. The effects of this inhibition result in the death of the bacterial cell. The newer fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin also interact with DNA gyrase and possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. 3.solubility in body fluids-agent must dissolve in body fluids to be transported in the body and reach the infectious organisms selective toxicity-agents must be more toxic to microorganisms than to host cells. toxicity not easily altered-agent should maintain a standard toxicity and not be made more or less toxic by interactions with foods and other drugs or abnormal conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease in the host nonallergenic-agent should not elicit an allergic reaction in the host stability-maintenance of a constant, therapeutic concentration in blood and tissue fluids, agent should be sufficiently stable in body fluids