The Anti Apartheid Movement And The Libyan Revolution

The Anti Apartheid Movement And The Libyan Revolution
Change in societies across the world is inevitable. Old social structures, ways of life, and political
organizations change over time. Such was the case in the societies of South Africa in the twentieth
century and Libya in the twenty–first century. In Libya, Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris,
the previous ruler, and sought to create an Arab nationalist state while repressing civil liberties.
However, the Arab Spring impelled the Libyan people to finally rebel against Gaddafi's repressive
policies. In South Africa, the Nationalist Party, elected in 1948, enacted a policy of systematic racial
segregation and oppression known as apartheid . This oppressive policy created an anti–apartheid
movement ever since the Nationalist Party took power. Both of these societies had repressive
policies that prompted revolution. How did the repressive policies of older governments contribute
to the anti–apartheid movement and the Libyan Revolution? In both Libya and South Africa,
oppressive governments did not accord political representation to their citizens and used the justice
systems arbitrarily to harass and intimidate political opponents. However, in South Africa, the
previous government subjected an entire race to subjugation, while in Libya, Muammar Gaddafi's
oppression of certain ethnic groups was in the context of his repression of every possible opponent
of his rule.
In South Africa, policies systematically oppressed black, Asian, and 'coloured' people (those of
mixed race),
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Song Synthesis Essay
Music in the apartheid era of South Africa was a very important tool and weapon for the majority,
whom were those people that were oppressed. Songs of freedom consolation and resistance were
extremely popular among the civil population. They were incredibly significant because they gave
the majority a new sense of hope and courage, these songs keep the faith among the majority alive
and grants them a radiant hope especially in their most trying times. (Stewart, 2013) The majority
used music as a way to express themselves and escape the discrimination that they were
experiencing as well as to give themselves and others around them hope that they would overcome
the struggle one day. (Drewett, 2007)
In taking a closer look at anti–apartheid anthems or songs we can better understand the
psychological content in these songs and how they enhance the impact of hope, consolation and
resistance etc.
The first song that we will look at is called 'Asimbonanga,' which was written by Johnny Clegg for
Nelson Mandela was one of the most popular anthems of the anti–apartheid movement. The
meaning of Asimbonanga is, "we haven't seen him," (Harvey, 2014, 1:1) and was sung to bring
Mandela's absence to life while he was in prison. (Harvey, 2014)
There is a line in the song that says," ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The artist makes a reference to God and says, "the color of God, neither black nor white,"
(Nussbaum, 2014, 4:27–28) the artist almost brings about reassurance for black people in Africa,
that makes them feel like they are not the inferior race, they are good enough and that they are not
the second rate humans that the white oppressors tell them that they are. (Nussbaum, 2014) This line
in the song puts the oppressors sins out in the open by basically saying that religions worshiping
God are shared by both blacks and whites. (Nussbaum,

No Logo Sparknotes
Book Review:
Book: No Logo: No Space, No Choice, No Jobs
Author: Naomi Klein
Country: Canada
Subject: Alter–Globalisation
Genre: Non–fiction
Publisher: Knopf Canada and Picador
Publication Date: December 1999
Video: 40 minutes Video on an idea of Naomi Klein, No Logo– Brands, Globalisation and
Resistance (2003), directed by Sut Jhally.
Abstract:
Naomi Klein, one of the leaders in the anti–globalization movement. His book No Logo are
summarized, analysis and discussed some problems of globalization. Such as, during anti–
globalization activists, how should economist respond?
The topics covered in the context are the facts about poverty, inequality of income, trade
liberalization facts and economic growth in Global and Mexico and the consequence of
demonstration rallies for agriculturalists in developing countries.
Introduction:
Naomi Klein was born in Montreal, Quebec, May 8th, 1970. She is an award–winning journalist
record–breaking Canadian author. After several year of research, book "No Logo" in 2000 written
by her. In this book, the policies of international organisations such as World trade Organisation
(WTO) and large multinational corporations and their business practices were criticised. The book
was published shortly after WTO summit in Seattle, in 1999. The books instantly become a
bestseller because of its powerful expression for anti–globalisation disapproval feel and what is
bang up–to–date on in

Music 's Influence On The Anti Apartheid Movement
Music's Influence on the Anti–Apartheid Movement
In 1948, the white government of South Africa began creating one of the most brutal systems of
racial segregation the world has ever known. Under the minority rule of Afrikaners –– a Southern
African ethnic group descending from Dutch settlers in the 17th century –– a unique system of racial
separation and white supremacy called apartheid was created and legislated against the majority
black inhabitants. Apartheid is an Afrikaans word which translates to "the state of being apart."
Lasting from 1948 until the early 1990s, an exploitative and unjust political system was imposed on
the black native people of Africa. Dutch and British colonists dispossessed them of their homes,
families, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Anti–Apartheid Movement Archives, "The system was kept in place by a battery of
repressive laws, under which people could be detained indefinitely without trial." Despite this
injustice, the people of South Africa continually fought back against their oppressors. Many forms
of resistance were utilized –– mass protests, armed resistance, strikes and boycotts –– in order to
dethrone the National Party. The resistance began as community–wide gatherings to protest the
National Party, however as the tactics of the tyrannical white government developed through violent
means, the Africans' peaceful protests escalated to bloody rioting. The apartheid government is
responsible for over 7,000 black deaths during the 46 years it was in power. What many people do
not know, however, is that throughout all of apartheid, a single factor continually gave Africans the
strength and courage to keep fighting for freedom: music. Music has historically been a large part of
black culture, and from freedom songs to funeral processions, the people of Africa used music to
come together and unite against the despotic government. This music could be found in different
cultural avenues such as chants at protests, funeral processions, freedom songs, and airtime on local
radio stations. After decades of pain and

Pornland Summary
Gail Dines is a sociology and woman studies professor at Wheelock College. She specializes in the
area of pornography. Dines is a self proclaimed anti–porn feminist. She is the author of the book
Pornland. In this book Dine's discusses the rise of porn into mainstream media, the rise of business
industry of porn, the shift to harder and harder porn, the damages of porn, and how the porn culture
is sexualizing children. Dine's begins the book by explaining the rise of porn into the mainstream
media and pop culture. She starts by talking about how Playboy, Penthouse, and Hustler tapped into
and exploited the post WW2 society. Playboy and Penthouse started battling with each other, each of
them pushing the boundaries and both of them advertising ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
She takes the view as an anti–porn feminist which to me even though never stated is almost anti–
man. Pornland also lacks empirical evidence to truly support her theories. The evidence she uses is
data collected through seminars and talks with students at her lectures this is a strength and a
weakness. This evidence does help support her theories but they are not professional studies or hard
evidence. The other studies she references are from other anti–porn feminists. Yes, they support her
theories. However, if she got the professional opinion and a factual study from a male that supported
her theories and arguments this would have majorly increased her entire argument. The only male
conducted study against porn that Dines references she and the other feminist tore it apart basically
saying it almost supported porn. Another thing lacking in Pornland was the topic of girls watching
porn. I find it hard to believe that there are not any girls that watch porn for their own enjoyment
and are not coerced by others to do so. I wonder what Dine's argument for the girls that are helping
the porn culture suck dry our societies sexuality and gender equality. Another issue that was not
addressed was porn genres that are degrading to men or genres were the woman torture men. There
are genres where this happens but Dine's does not address this. She is only drawing attention the
painful genres that men dominate woman. Even though it happens on both sides and is hurting
people and peoples sex lives globally. Dine's also did not address the issue of erotic novels that are
popular with woman. For example books such as 50 Shades of Gray, and other novels that are sold
at many connivence stores and other big name stores. These novels are helping promote porn culture
by depicting degrading sex as pleasurable and even erotic. These books also promote inequality.
Another issue with these books is that they also hurt the sexuality of

The Apartheid Movement Of South Africa
In South Africa in 1948, the National party came into power and they had begun creating laws that
corresponded to the apartheid. The apartheid movement was implementing segregation, keeping the
white South Africans from interacting with the black South Africans1. In 1959, the Boycott
Movement came into play in South Africa, which was later renamed the Anti–Apartheid Movement.
This led to other countries in the world putting pressure on South Africa economically to end this
racial discrimination. In the late 1960's, South Africa began to see some opposition against the
apartheid and black South Africans began protesting for equal rights. For example, Steven Biko
believed that black South Africans deserved equal rights as well and with his actions he became a
prominent activist/leader for the anti–apartheid movement. Due to his increasing popularity in
relation to the anti–apartheid government, Steven Biko was arrested and then was beaten to death
while in police custody 4. An innocent black man died because of his race and because he believed
that segregation was wrong. In 1980, Peter Gabriel released a song named "Biko" on his third studio
album titled 'Peter Gabriel', synonymously known as 'Melt'. This song is directly related to the
segregation issues but more specifically the anti–apartheid movement. Peter Gabriel was not directly
impacted by the anti–apartheid movement since he was a Caucasian, well–off English man. When
he heard about the death of Steven Biko and the

Rhetorical Uses Of Nelson Bdela, Steve Biko, And Nelson...
Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko, and Desmond Tutu, were all people who had the same mission in
mind. They all wanted justice and equality for South America. They all told stories and used specific
rhetorical techniques to show that they're goal was to help the people of South Africa. They used
these specific techniques to convice their audience of the horrific toll apartheid left them and their
people. Nelson Mandela used Pathos to appeal to the emotion of his audience. In his speech he
mentions alot of things to make people feel an emotion known as sympathy. He tries to talk about
how he's people is perceived and how it's not a normal thing. He mentions in his article, " whites
tend to regard Africans as a separate breed. They do not look upon them as people with families of
their own; they do not realise that we have emotions." He attemots to talk about how he's people are
percieved as almost something like dirt, something that no one art the time wanted to be. He
mentions how they felt inferior and how they felt and were treated like the scum of the earth.
Whether its Nelson Mandela or anyone else for that matter, if someone is telling people how a group
of people are treated like nothing the aaudience feels sympathy and guilt. They feel as if they wished
they could do something. It makes people puts things in perspective, which is something you want
to do when attemting to change a persons mind or belief. He managed to do that by digging into
people's feelings and making them feel something towards the victims. The next person we can talk
about is Desmond Tutu, who was a victim of apatheid. He was so passionate about getting rid of
apartheid he lost limbs just for it to be over. He was known as someone who told his story with
pride, even if in the end he might have lost things he had in the beggining of the battle. Desmond
used Anecdote while persuading the audience because he told his story, He explained his story in
gruesome detail that mede everyone in their seats feel sympathy from the bottom of the toes all the
way to their heart. Learning about Desmond's story made people believe that the battle may be hard,
but in the end it could all be worth it. In Desmond's story he talks about how he attempted to

Socially Acceptable Essay
Alexandria Merriman
Judy Hatcher
WRIT 3307
22 October 2014
Socially Acceptable: Sexually Explicit Material in America In today's culture, sex is worshipped.
From the television shows we watch to the billboards we pass on the freeway, sexually explicit
material permeates itself into our world whether it is conscious or not. Research shows that this type
of material has the greatest effect on women, children, and marriages. Women and children are the
most obvious choice among those assuming the affect this material has on our society, but what
many forget is the affect it has on marriage. The women shown in commercials, ads, and movies are
far from an ordinary woman. They are perfect. What men, and women, see is an unrealistic
expectation of what women today should look like. Another harmful product of today's sexually
acceptable material is pornography. Men and women alike find completely unrealistic sexual
scenarios in which they let deeply affect their sexuality. When conducting research, school
psychologist and Master of Education Julienne Colbow concludes that this type of material may or
may not bother women or "change their attitudes". She even goes to state that the data is
"inconclusive" as to whether or not women really care about the affect this material has on them.
Regardless of the way women feel about this type of material in general, I plan to argue the point
that this material is detrimental to women, children, and marriages. Sexually explicit material and

The Music Of The South African Anti Apartheid Movement
University of Pennsylvania
Musical Independence: The Role of Music in the
South–African Anti–Apartheid Movement
Andrew Fixler
Timothy Rommen
Music 050: Introduction to Music in Cultures
5/11/15
"Art is not a mirror held up to reality, but a hammer with which to shape it" (Bertold Brecht in
Askew 2003: 633). Despite evolution across the globe and the continued development of societies
and cultures, one entity has remained present throughout – music. Though manifested in various
forms, music has and continues to play an integral role in a multitude of settings, ranging from
religious ceremonies to theater to pop culture and beyond. With universal influence, music possesses
the ability to unite a nation behind a single cause yet simultaneously subjugate a people through
musical propaganda and censorship. For instance, due to a lack of literacy and economic means in
countries such as South Africa (plagued by apartheid sanctions), oral communication through music
increases the accessibility of critical ideas. Nonetheless, though musical artists have the capacity to
assert politically subversive statements through song, vehement government censorship and even
propaganda reflect music's immense influence. Thus, a vessel through which sound is transformed
to expression, music has tremendous political ramifications. Exploring the transformation of South–
African music from "a mirror" of the apartheid struggles to a "hammer with which to shape"

America Needs Nuclear Power Essay
America Needs Nuclear Power
"The opposition to nuclear power is based, not on science, but on a hostility to science, technology
and capitalism" – Travis Norsen, Ph.D. Nuclear Physics
As Congress ponders how the country can avoid an energy crisis like the one that has affected
California, many people believe that only science–fiction can offer a long–term solution––a solution
in which discoveries in theoretical physics would lead to a new energy–producing technology. The
fuel for this technology, as they imagine it, would be abundantly available, safe, inexpensive and
clean.
It may surprise those people to learn that the only fiction here is the belief that this is some future
fantasy. Actually, the relevant discoveries in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The annual probability of radiation leakage for the newest reactors is estimated at less than one in a
billion––a level of safety no other source of energy can even approach.
Why then is opposition to nuclear power so strong?
The loudest objection raised by the anti–nuclear groups is that there is "no safe level of radiation." It
is also the phoniest. The major sources of radiation are natural and ubiquitous: we are continuously
bombarded with radiation from cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere and from naturally occurring
radioactive elements in the earth. Compared with these background sources, the radiation from
nuclear power plants is negligible.
The average annual radiation dose received by Americans is 360 millirems (or "mrems"), about 300
of which come from naturally occurring sources like radon. By contrast, you would get only 0.01
mrems per year as a result of living 50 feet from a nuclear power plant. Even a single annual cross–
country airplane flight exposes you to 3 mrems, while a medical X–ray gives you a dose of 20
mrems.
Yet the hysterical claims of the anti–nuclear activists continue to shape government policy, leading
to absurd licensing standards for nuclear plants. For example, the radiation levels in Washington's
Capitol building (due to uranium in the granite walls) would legally prevent the structure from being
licensed as a

The Pros And Cons Of Sex Trafficking
In 2000, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, or TVPA, was passed to identify "severe forms" of
human trafficking, create harsh criminal penalties for offenders and provide support for victims. The
TVPA defines sex trafficking as a situation in which a "commercial sex act is induced by force,
fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of
age ("How Porn Fuels Sex Trafficking")." The inclusion of the word "coercion" means that a
commercial sex act can be classified as sex trafficking as long as a victim is coerced or intimidated.
The organization Fight the New Drug identifies that there are often instances in the porn industry
where the actor or actress is threatened with lawsuits or charges ("How Porn Fuels Sex
Trafficking"). Human–trafficking isn't the only illegal industry fueled by sexual violence and
exploitation. The wide–spread availability of cameras in devices such as portable cameras and cell
phones has made it easier to take secret recordings of another's intimate body parts and other
sexually explicit material without the individuals consent or knowledge. Growing internet access
has facilitated the nonconsensual distribution of those images but the criminal laws in the United
States have not stayed up to date with these developments. Because of this, victims of revenge porn
and nonconsensual pornography do not have adequate means to seek justice. In a study conducted
by Cynthia Najdowski at the University

Feminist Perspective On Pornography
Many people have argued that pornography is a form of artistic expression, protected by the First
Amendment of the Constitution, others feel there is a distinct line between art and "porn"
(Pornogrpahy). Pornography is made to provide sexual pleasure to anyone who hears, sees or reads
it, it involves erotic acts. Pornography could be talking, "acting," or anything that may sexually
stimulate someone. Pornography is also, the portrayal of sexual activities and it comes in the form of
magazines, movies, videos, and more. Pornography is often seen to overstep the bounds of the First
Amendment and misrepresent what is means by freedom of speech. Pornography isn't something
that everyone can agree on. For example, feminist are one group of people have a variety of feelings
and beliefs towards pornography. While feminist usually share the same way of thinking this is one
topic that causes a major division between them. Disagreeing to agree is a common compromise that
people face in life, but in the case of pornography feminist can not seem to do so. Andrea Dworkin
and Catharine A. Mackinnon(Feminist Perspectives), are just two of the women that have stood up
against pornography. There are a plethora of feminist see pornography as a way to keep women
oppressed and subjected to man. Almost as if porn is taking women in a step backwards.Mackinnon
believes porn is an act of sexual violence (McElroy) and Dworkin sees it as sexist and a "deliberate
means of subordinating women to men" (Feminist Perspectives). Dworkin and Mackinnon
collectively view pornography as not a form of speech, but as an active discrimination and violence
against women (Feminist Perspectives). Popular pornography includes abusive scenes and language
that is extremely derogatory towards women. Through research it is also believed that due to the acts
of violence and sexual abuse depicted in pornography it is causing men to reenact and bring what
they've watched to life (Purcell). Consequently, due to the voices of the anti–porn feminist there has
been many legal actions taken against the porn industry. There has been several ordinances drawn
up, a few were done by Catharine A. Mackinnon. Mackinnon and Dworkin had a civil rights
ordinance that

Anti-Censorship Feminism
2.1.2 Anti–censorship feminists' debates on pornography consumption
While anti–pornography feminists such as Dworkin and Mackinnon argued that pornography
disseminate negative beliefs on sex and further objectify females' body and called for legislative
censorship, libertarian feminists (e.g. Joel Feinberg; John Stuart Mill; Ronald Dworkin; Nadine
Strossen) with a more sex–positive perspective, commenced to oppose radical feminists' notions that
pornography is intrinsically harmful. Bear in mind the issues of censorship, this group of feminists
referred themselves as anti–censorship feminists who opposed pornography on the basis that it harm
women, but argued that legislative regulation on pornography can be a threat to people's autonomy

Pornography : Men Possessing Women
In 1981 Andrea Dworkin, a radical feminist, a supporter of the anti–pornography movement, and
writer, released Pornography: Men Possessing Women, later referred to here as MPW. In her book,
Dworkin delivers an extensive and emotionally–charged critique of pornography as an industry that
profits from the perpetuation of harm against women, analyzing examples of both historical and
contemporary pornography to make her case. Key to this analysis is the declaration of male power.
According to Dworkin, this power is maintained by men themselves as well as society as a whole
through means of reinforcing a metaphysical assertion of self, physical strength, the capacity to
terrorize, the power of naming, the power of owning, the power of money, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, no explanation is given for how the connection between pornographic representations and
beliefs or physical actions is made. As Demare, Lips and Briere note in their study of the
relationship between pornography and violence, as much as we may want it to, correlation does not
prove a causal relationship. While MPW demonstrates the prevalence of sexual abuse within
pornographic material and within society, the only explanation as to how the consumption of
pornography is directly related to violence against women amounts to little more than an extended,
poetic variation of "monkey see, monkey do". Dworkin's information on pornography–based
violence, as she states in the introduction of her book, is partially based on one–step–removed
accounts of pornography by "only a few of the thousands" of women who she says to have known
personally, all of which blame porn as the catalyst of their sexual assault. Other sources include
novels, pornographic fiction, excerpts from the biographies of Marquis de Sade and Marilyn
Monroe, and excerpts from 'scientific' works by Alfred Kinsey and his co–workers – none of which
contain a sex–positive perspective on female sexuality. Dworkin's sources, listed in the 'Notes'
section of her book, are many, and paint a heart–wrenching image of pornography and female
heterosexuality at the time of the book's publication. One cannot deny the extent to which women
endured family sexual abuse, rape, battery, and coercion during the

The Pros and Cons of Pornography Essay
For centuries, humans have been creating explicit images to depict their sexual fantasies and desires.
Times have drastically changed, however, since the first known sex guide, Kama Sutra, was
illustrated in 5th–century India (King 412). The selling of sexually explicit material is a multibillion
dollar industry (King 411). Today, with just the click of a mouse, millions world–wide are able to
access pornography and see their sexual fantasies come to life (King 418). According to King, "One
third of all use of the internet is connected to porn sites," (419). With explicit sexual material nearly
impossible to avoid, it may be difficult to decipher between what is normal sexual behavior and
what is merely fantasy. There is belief that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is no wonder that many women think negatively about most pornographic material. After viewing
pornography, women tend to feel less confident and insecure about their bodies (King, 2012).
If pornography is degrading and uncomfortable for women to watch, why have 41% of women
intentionally viewed porn (King, 2012)? Contrary to the anti–pornography feminism movement,
proponents of pornography believe that porn "liberates women" and allows them to take part in "less
traditional" sexual behavior (Evans–Cicco, 2012). Some women agree with this claim and use porn
to explore their own sexuality (Paul 2012). Pornography for these women is a resource. It is a
method for them to discover new sex positions and "ways to act sexy" (Paul 2012). According to
Paul, a "[change] in women's expectations and attitudes toward their sexuality are driving women to
pornography." This statement indicates that some women want to replicate acts that are presented in
pornographic material. It may also suggest that women believe sexual behaviors used in
pornography are not only the norm, but expected.
To discover if women and men's attitudes about female sexuality have been influenced by
pornography, I will conduct interviews based on the strategies that Sterk used when interviewing
prostitutes. Sterk made it easier for the women to speak about this difficult topic by first building
relationships with them. She also promoted conversations and

Essay on Pornography and Feminist Fight for Women’s Rights
Pornography and Feminist Fight for Women's Rights
There was a complaint in 1992 about having The Nude Maja in a classroom. The complaint came
from a feminist English professor who stated that the painting made her students, as well as herself,
uncomfortable. Another incident occurred at the University of Arizona when a female student's
photographic artwork consisting of self portraits in her underwear was physically attacked by
feminists. There was also an occurrence at University of Michigan when some of their law school
feminists organized a conference "Prostitution: From Academia to Activism". This group removed a
feminist–curated art exhibition held in conjunction with the conference. They felt that videos
showing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For decades the Supreme Court has tried to craft a definition of obscenity that the lower courts can
apply with some fairness and consistency. Former Justice Potter Stewart summed up the dilemma
best with the now famous statement: "I shall not today attempt further to define (obscenity); and
perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it"(Faigley & Selzer,
540). I think that the "offense" Strossen is trying to describe, or rather not describe is act of making
love. Making love is a very sensual and unidentified beautiful feeling, but what is portrayed in porn
is nothing beautiful, and I believe it can very easily be defined. It is the misuse of women's
sexuality.
She also states that the censorious feminists are not as modest as Justice Stewart. They have already
created an elaborate definition of pornography that encompasses more material than the currently
recognized law of obscenity. In their model law pornography is "the sexually explicit subordination
of women through pictures and /or words." This model law lists eight different criteria that attempt
to illustrate their concept of "subordination," such as depictions in which "women are presented in
scenarios of degradation, humiliation, injury, torture...in a context that makes these conditions
sexual"(Faigley &

The Nuclear Ship Issue Of New Zealand Essay
1) What exactly is the 'the nuclear ships issue', to what extent has it impaired the NZ–US diplomatic
relationship, and how has this impairment now been minimised?
NZ and US relations
Daniel Graham
8486535
Politics 240
09/09/2015
What exactly is the nuclear ships issue? The simple answer would be suggesting that it was the
visitation of US nuclear ships into New Zealand waters throughout the 1980's, however the nuclear
ships issue was more sophisticated event. For New Zealand, the nuclear ships issue was more about
national identity, enacting policy and patriotism. As a nation, the New Zealand public had
influenced its desire to change what the country was to stand for. Being one of the most major
diplomatic struggles for New Zealand, the nuclear ships issue was significant in demonstrating a
clash between the United States and New Zealand's foreign policies. Overall, the nuclear ships issue
was a vital component in the shaping of New Zealand's national identity.
Being part of the commonwealth, New Zealand has traditionally been close trading partners with the
United Kingdom, however with Britain entering the EU in 1973, New Zealand was forced to find
other trading partners to sustain the country's economy. The formation of the Australian, New
Zealand and United States security treaty 1951 (ANZUS) had played a significant role in the
Nuclear ships disputes throughout the 1980's. The visitation of US nuclear powered and armed war
ships had a significant

Mao Zedo : The Legacy Of Mao's Governance Of China
Mirroring China's historical context and way of governance prior to 1949, Mao Zedong's replication
of a centralized government with one man dominating at the apex above all others and the tradition
to put ideology before practicality resulted in Mao's overall legacy during his governance to be
mostly negative for China. Mao's legacy is one that has caused a widespread sentiment of fear in the
people during the Anti Rightist Campaign which immediately followed right after the Hundred
Flowers Campaign and massive deaths in the population due to the over ambitious goal of the Great
Leap Forward
It is essential to take into consideration China's historical context and its way of governance of the
people prior to 1949 in order to understand Mao's way of ruling China during his time as Chairman,
since both are highly parallel to each other, with the latter strongly influenced by the former. In
imperial China, the ideology that governed the nation was the ideology of "Confucianism, [which]
valued hierarchy in both political and social spheres. It assumed that in the political sphere citizens
were not and should not be equal" (Lieberthal, 2004, p.7). This hierarchical framework justified the
right of the few to rule the many, [since admission to join the ruling elite was based on the criteria of
whomever] could master the ideology" (Lieberthal 2004, p.7). Therefore, one could gain legitimacy
in ruling solely on the basis of his mastery of the state's ideology, regardless of whether

The Reality Of Pornography
As a teenager, I attended an all–girls school and had minimal contact with boys. For this reason,
pornography became an educational resource for learning about men and sex, to compensate for
what I perceived as a disadvantage of lacking experience. As everyone knows, porn can be found
online within minutes, and while the porn I watched as an adolescent was vulgar and unreliable, it
was intriguing. Still, I couldn't understand how any self–respecting woman could allow herself to be
used and abused, like a sex object, for male pleasure. It was one thing to enjoy sex, but this was a
performance. Besides the money, what did they really gain from it? This was the beginning of my
struggle accepting pornography. In theory, porn seems to have the potential to be incredibly
powerful and lucrative, but my troubles with porn come from the realities of porn as a practice;
issues such as unfair compensation, demeaning acts, and immense stigma plague the mainstream
pornography industry. Still, I've never considered myself anti–porn or pro–censorship. The reason I
chose to take this class is because, while I've heard a great deal about the positives and negatives of
pornography, I have no factual evidence to support any of my beliefs or opinions. I see this course as
the opportunity to seek the truth so that I might develop a position that I can confidently uphold and
defend. While there are several interesting aspects of pornography, in this reflection I will be
discussing my opinion of pornography as it relates to two highly prevalent issues, violence against
women and addiction, as these are a few topics that particularly captured my attention in my
readings. Pornography has a reputation for being extremely damaging to women. Although I
recognize that the majority of pornographies depict disempowering and even abusive imagery, I'm
not of the opinion that pornography directly contributes to violence against women. It is my belief
that pornography is contextual, and a product of the culture in which it is produced. Many of the
researchers I read (e.g., Wright and Bae (2015), Arakawa et al. (2012), Luder et al. (2011)) support
my theory that viewing pornography does not directly contribute to violence against women,

Apartheid In South Africa
The music from the Apartheid in South Africa was extremely important in the movement for
freedom. At a time when there wasn't much money for the Anti–Apartheid Movement, music
became the most important weapon. The songs sung all over South Africa in resistance to the
Apartheid intimidated the government more than weapons and violence could because of the
powerful meaning behind each song that unified and strengthened the resistance. Artists all over
South Africa wrote songs speaking out against the government and its cruel laws and although many
of them were banned, the people of South Africa heard them and sang them to protest the rules of
the government. While there are many different varieties of revolutionary music from the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The earliest variations of 'Nkosi Sikelel' Afrika', like the upbeat Masowe Apostles and the slower
Marankes, inspired many artists to do the same. Some used the lyrics or melody to add to their own
original songs, like the aggressive rap by Prophets of da City and Dan Moyane's fusion of the song's
lyrics with the melody of 'Die Stem Van Suid–Afrika', South Africa's national anthem during the
Apartheid. Others used the song as inspiration for songs with similar lyrics, like 'Nkosi Yethu' by
Isaian Shembe and 'Mwari Komberera Africa' by John Maranke. Despite being banned by the
government, 'Nkosi Sikelel' Afrika' continued to be sung throughout the Apartheid and became so
important that it was named the national anthem of South Africa at the end of the Apartheid.
Although 'Nkosi Sikelel' Afrika' was originally a religious hymn, the lyrics had a very prominent
political connotation. The song was not a revolutionary song in the traditional sense, but a prayer for
freedom and equality. The meaning of the lyrics, shown below, called for the Lord to help the
people. The seven additional verses, especially the last one, transformed the song from a religious
hymn to a song calling for hope and the power to fight back. Although the words do not directly
attack the government, they are much more powerful to the people of South Africa than any
revolutionary song. Lord, bless Africa May her horn rise high up; Hear Thou our prayers and bless

Foreign Policy In The 1900's
For the most part, global policy throughout the 1900's was based on the battle between capitalism,
which was largely dependent on imperialism, and communism. This battle was led by the United
States, fighting to keep communism down, and the Soviet Union, fighting for the spread of
communism. The U.S. attempted to do this by sponsoring anti–communist groups in countries that
were leaning towards communism. The USSR sought to spread communism by supporting the
national liberation struggles of countries under imperialistic rule. During the height of this war, the
white minority group, the National Party, controlled South Africa. The National Party introduced a
policy of racial apartheid, a policy that kept the black majority in poverty and under ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the USSR Constitution "supporting the struggle of peoples for national liberation and
social progress" was regarded as one of the aims of the Soviet foreign policy (Shubin). For the
Soviet Union South Africa presented a perfect example of this struggle because South Africa had
been a victim of both colonialism and racism for the previous four hundred years (Campbell 25).
But looking deeper into the "why" we can see that the Soviet Union found South Africa to be a
likely candidate for a colonial revolution, something they were trying for all over the third world.
For example: the Soviet Union backed the MPLA in the fight against white domination in Angola as
well as backing Cuba in the communist overthrow of their government (Campbell). By assisting
these countries, the Soviet government sought to further the "world camp of socialism" campaign
that Soviet president Nikita Khrushchev launched in 1956 (Campbell

Rhetorical Analysis
The premise of my argument that one would consider to be most controversial would be the premise
that pornography does encourage freedom of speech/expression. Many may object to this because
many people specifically feminists such as Catherine Mackinnon and Andrea Dworkin regard
pornography as immoral because it is a form of sex discrimination. Other feminists as stated by
Garry believe that pornography is a form of hate speech and that it defames women. In Garry's paper
she argues that certain content of pornography violates the moral principle of respecting people and
how pornography degrades women as it depicts them as mere sex objects and how it is because of
this pornography is morally impermissible. Due to the fact that the conclusion of my argument
opposes Garry's view, I will also discuss what she would say in response to the support of my
"controversial" premise.
Firstly I will support my premise that pornography does encourage freedom of speech and
expression. Pornography in written or visual form would be considered to depict freedom of speech
or expression. In written form, such as many popular books such as Fifty Shades of Grey,
pornography is depicted and readers of this book as well as the author are not committing an illegal
act. This is because the author has the freedom of speech to write such content. The production ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She argues that pornography particularly caters to the male fantasy and that it is because of this the
degradation of women occurs. She would object to my idea that pornography is a form of freedom
of speech and expression at all times because women are depicted as objects and this undermines the
ideal of respecting women and freedom of speech and expression does not mean you have the right
to disrespect women. This is why she believes that pornography is morally

An Anti Apartheid Movement During The Boer War
Despite the fact that the black majority was silenced by the Nation Party, the government at the
time, they were able to explore the flaws in the set government system and exchange their thoughts
to free the people. They also encountered many difficulties during this process, but with time and
consideration foundations were placed to get them out of their segregational government. Laws were
set that prohibited any expansion for the majority, but that never stop them from creating different
anti–apartheid groups that would open a way to get out of the problem that they faced every single
day. People had to go through horrible times as they went on with their lives day in and day out, and
the process of destroying the Apartheid. As the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first one was the Mines and Works Act of 1911, that limited black from obtaining high paying
jobs. Next, was the Natives Lands Act of 1913 which forced ten percent of blacks to become
reserves. This law also prohibited blacks from owning lands outside of said reserves. The third act
that was put into action was the Native Affairs Act of 1920, and this created a system of tribally
based but still governmental appoint councils. The last act that was passed and laid the foundation
for the Apartheid was the Natives Urban Areas Act of 1923 and this controlled how often blacks
were able to visit the towns in the country of South Africa. As the National Party was gaining their
strength, and the current government form was being manipulated, the National Party began to
dominate the white elections. They were powerful enough to take out the current prime minister and
were fully elected into office. Their president was D.F. Malan, and his goals were to restrict the
British from going into the country and to use the Afrikaners to their advantage. They never wanted
to set apartheid onto the blacks, but to just control or subjugate them. As their power grew, they
began to realize that they could actually take over the country and make it their own in a way. After
a while, when the black majority began to understand what was going on, the National Party
announce Apartheid on them and started to pass laws that restricted the majority. After the

Son of the Revolution Essay
"Son of the Revolution"
Liang Heng and Judith Shapiro's "Son of the Revolution" is a comprehensive story of Liang Heng's
life on growing up during the chaotic times of the Chinese revolution. The purpose of this novel was
to depict the horrors and hardships of life during the revolution period in china during Mao Zedong's
reign. In the beginning of the book, the author portrays that news and ideologies always stated that
the government was working for the good of the people of the country. However, as the book
unfolds the author reveals that the government is actually exploiting the people through misuse of
people's trust. The book also provides insights into the Chinese life during the period of 1954–1978.
This 24 year period saw major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In hope to "re–gain" status and avoid from being further insulted, divorce was the path Liang Heng's
father chose to take. However, even after the divorce, the Liang family still endured criticism
because once branded, no matter what, they would always be criticized. One of the ways to gain
social status was to marry into a family who was part of a party or of a high social status. So after
divorcing his wife for purely political reasons, Liang Heng's father married a woman who was both
a party member and a high ranking cadre in the a factory. This marriage was obviously based on
Liang Heng's fathers' desperate need to gain social status rather than out of love. Marriage was also
based on convenience to both partners. When Liang Heng's father married for the third time it was
because he needed someone who could take care of the house and the children and in turn the
woman had wanted to leave the village she was living in and live in the city residence where so
many goods were available, however the process to transfer her teaching job from the village to the
city was complicated. So she married to Liang Heng's father which Liang suspected in hope to move
to the city easily.
In 1958, soon after the Anti–Rightist Movement, Mao Zedong announced "The Great Leap
Forward" movement in attempt to increase agricultural and industrial production and modernize
China's economy. The author of the book doesn't talk much

A Comparative Study Between Chinese Consumers And Non...
Female Consumers and Pornography: A Comparative Study between Chinese Consumers and Non–
consumers' opinions towards pornography.
Society is increasingly sexualizing women bodies in advertising and porn is now a large industry. It
is estimated that many young men watch or view porn in magazines or online, but there is little
information on women's use of porn although there is an small industry catering to women's needs.
So I want to find out what you think about porn and how you might use it and what it means to you.
A) Personal Background:
1) Please tell me a little about yourself
– What is your age?
– What is your nationality/ Where you come from?
– What is your highest education
– What is your parent occupation?
– What is your occupation?
B) Attitudes Towards Pornography:
1) What do you think about pornography? Do you think it is entertainment/ Do you think it is fun/
Do you think it is exploitative to women/ Do you think it is degrading women?
2) Do you think pornography is a good or bad thing for women's position in society? Please explain
why.
3) Do you think the use of pornography is always a form of exploitation to women or can it be made
with consent?
4) Do you think the use of pornography should be prohibited? Why yes or no?
5) Can pornography be a way of expressing sexual freedom for women?
6) Do you think it is produced for men's benefit only?
7) Do you think that it teaches young people about a 'real' sexuality?
8) Do you think that women watch porn

Innovative Approaches Of Resistance And The Reorganization...
Through innovative approaches of resistance and the reorganization of the anti–apartheid movement
and the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela helped bring an end to apartheid, an oppressive
form of government that promoted systematic segregation and institutionalized racism in South
Africa.
The Afrikaans word apartheid means separateness, and during the period of the apartheid, people
were classified and separated into different racial groups where the civil and human rights of non–
whites were curtailed (Clark and Worger xxi). Although apartheid started in 1948, the roots of
inequality were presented years before as a result of Dutch and British control. Both countries
colonized South Africa in order to control South Africa's lucrative and, generally, untapped mining
industry. South African workers, including the skilled and unskilled, were forsaken to work menial
jobs and receive low wages (34). The establishment of many unfair laws allowed for the takeover to
occur; these laws mark the beginning of apartheid and many more discriminatory regulations that
were to come which include, but are not limited to, pass laws, laws that required non–whites to have
identification that showed their right to be in certain areas, and the exclusion of the non–white vote
(McCuen 17–18).
The daily lives of all South Africans were severely altered with the initiation and administration of
apartheid. Even the simple things like where a person could live, type of work, or places a person

Pornography Addiction
Growth of Computers
With the evolution of technology, computers have become more and more advanced due to the
knowledge learned from technicians and other people throughout the world. The first computer
invented was called the Z1 by Konrad Zuse in 1938. In 2017, there is almost an 80–year difference
from when the computer was made, meaning a lot of time to find out more information and put
together better product because of the first piece of technology. With the growth of computers, other
problems such as online pornography, cyber spying hackers, and other crimes have affected the
basic computer ethics for each individual. These problems can have a dramatic impact on people as
they can cause addiction, and the use of personal information to steal money or other important
values.
Pornography Addiction
Porn is a constant problem for a numerous amount of people because they become addicted to
having the sexual desire of intimacy with another person. It causes individuals to take time out of
their day to watch mature scenes of other people having different kinds of sexual intercourse
depending on the person's wide variety of options to choose from. Studies show that porn actually
rewires the brain to form a deeply focused attention on the subject instead of other activities that
could be done. "Porn happens to be fantastic at forming new, long–lasting pathways in the brain. In
fact, porn is such a ferocious competitor that hardly any other activity can

The Disaster Of Eastern Japan
Eastern Japan sits right off a major earthquake fault line. Therefore, it was a matter of time before a
sizeable earthquake occurred that would severely damage Japan. On Friday, March 11, 2011, a
catastrophic nine magnitude earthquake hit eastern Japan, the most devastating the country had ever
encountered. Equally devastating was the catastrophic tsunami that followed. This tsunami, being
one of the worlds all time worst, was able to generate waves of water reaching as much as eighty
feet which engulfed many of the hardest hit areas during this disaster. This catastrophe resulted in
severe, yet preventable damages to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. To begin with, the
electricity being provided to reactors one, two, and three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to the Tokyo Electric Power Company, the people responsible for managing the Daiichi
nuclear power plant, reduced the plans for the natural sea wall from thirty five meters to be just ten
meters; the tsunami that hit on March 11, 2011 was about fifteen meters. This was confirmed from
official documents filed with Japanese officials in 1967. Apparently when the decision was made to
decrease the size of the wall, the engineers were basing their information off of the most
catastrophic disasters that occurred in that area, which were mostly typhoons. Typhoons, according
to the engineers at that time, were the natural disaster that would create the biggest waves. Thus, the
engineers looked to the typhoon that produced the largest wave, which in this area of Japan was a
height of 7.94 meters. Therefore, to the engineers, the ten meter high sea wall was more than enough
to block any possible tsunami from breaching the wall. Obviously this was not a smart decision by
the TEPCO team that designed this wall because it did not prevent trouble from every possible
scenario. With the Daiichi plant being on the coast and eastern coast of Japan sitting directly off a
major earthquake fault line, a thirty–five foot sea wall would have been the smarter choice. A former
TEPCO executive, Masatoshi Toyota, stated the reasons why TEPCO decided in 1967

The Effects Of Pornography On Rape Culture
Pornography has always been a hot topic when it comes to its involvement in sexism and sexual
violence in our society. The countless sexually–explicit videos and images that adolescents and
adults are exposed to on a daily basis is a concerning issue, especially where sexual assault and rape
is concerned. In order to explain why rape culture continues to be prevalent, especially among
teenagers and young adults, activists, sex researchers, and government officials are attempting to
focus and regulate presumed influences of sexual delinquency. Even with the development and
expansion of sex education and sexual assault programs across high schools and colleges in the
United States, rape remains an omnipresent nightmare shared by countless young women. But the
daunting question remains: Is pornography to blame? Unfortunately, this question is not unfamiliar
or groundbreaking to anyone mindful of or involved with popular culture.
As discussed in ISS 335: Sex Research and Social Science, second–wave feminists in the 1960s and
1970s, frustrated and angry with the unrelenting oppression of women, questioned the effects of
pornography on male aggression. Many radical second–wave feminists, like activist Andrea
Dworkin and lawyer Catherine MacKinnon, strongly opposed pornography and viewed it as "anti–
women" (Michigan State University Department of History, 2017). They argued that porn served as
a visual representation of systematic sex discrimination and the sexual objectification of women,
and was used as propaganda to fuel sexual terrorism and misogyny. Women who shared this
viewpoint on pornography went on to form an organization called Women Against Pornography
(WAP) in 1970s New York City, claiming that "pornography is the theory, rape is the practice"
(Michigan State University Department of History, 2017). To make legal change to the exposure and
use of pornography, Dworkin and MacKinnon and other followers worked with conservative
Christian groups in the 1980s to help pass anti–pornography legislation. The main problem with the
anti–pornography movement that resulted in its loss in political momentum was the lack of
sufficient and conclusive sex research that supported the claim that porn caused sexual

Mao's Consolidation Of Power
Section B: Investigation
"How did Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign contribute in his consolidation of power in the years of
1956 to 1957?" In the year of 1956, Mao coined the phrase "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a
hundred schools of thought contend," this quote was the onset of his Hundred Flowers Campaign .
Mao's campaign sought to encourage intellectuals to freely express their opinions and criticism of
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Mao's move towards a more liberal movement while in a
communist government portrayed a different side of him, to the shock of many. Through the
initiation of this campaign Mao's newly obtained image displayed him as a petitioner among the
Chinese people. This empathetic side of Mao appealed and connected ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the different schools of thought, it was the Hundred Flowers Campaign which led to the
Anti–Rightist movement that enabled Mao to consolidate his power. Through the Anti–Rightist
movement Mao was able to remove the resistance against him and suppress opposition, ultimately
strengthening his control over the public. By looking through his motives, it is identifiable that
Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign provides insight to Mao's personality. The debate on Mao's
tensional or intentional outcome of the Hundred Flowers Campaign into the Anti–Rightist portrays
that it still provided the means to gain control through the repression of

The Black And White Water Fountains
Visualize the critical racial discrimination in the United States and recall prior knowledge about the
harsh environments and the unequal treatments that African Americans faced such as the "black and
white water fountains" in the South. Dating back to the beginning of the 1910s, Apartheid has done
its share in racial segregation .It as an immense conflict that was yet concluded by the people who
collaborated to form the Anti–Apartheid movement. Resistance to apartheid within South Africa
took many forms over the years, from non–violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political
action and eventually to armed resistance. Overtime there has been a plethora of leaders that were
willing to abolish segregation, which includes Nelson ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Land Acts are one of the many laws established by the white supremacy government to separate
the different races in South Africa. Under apartheid, native South Africans (black) would be forced
to live in isolated areas from whites and use separate facilities, and contact between both races
would be permitted unless of certain circumstance (jobs). Despite the consistent opposition to
apartheid within of South Africa and around the world, South African laws remained in action for
over 50 years. In 1950, the Afrikaners prohibited marriage between different races. Also, The
Population Registration Act of 1950 included the basic blue print for apartheid by classifying/
distinguishing all South Africans by race, including Bantu (black Africans), Coloured (mixed race)
and white. In 1958 Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, who was elected prime minister, would redefined/
reestablish the apartheid policy into a management he referred to as "separate development." In
1959 Bantustans were formed for the black South Africans as communities, this was a part of "The
Promotion of Bantu Self–Government Act of 1959. The government began to separating black
South Africans from each other to enabled the government to claim there was no black South
African majority, and it reduced the chance that blacks would unify into one big oppositionist/
rebellious organization. Every black South African was designated as a

Nationalism And South African Afric Symbolism In South Africa
One of the reasons art is celebrated around the world is because of its distinct ability to bring people
together. Look at monuments, flags, posters, anthems; all of these are used to promote unity. When
individuals approach international issues, they often feel alone and insignificant. Artist and global
activist, Olafur Eliasson, contends, "This is where art can make a difference. Engaging with a good
work of art can connect you to your senses, body, and mind. It can make the world felt. And this felt
feeling may spur thinking, engagement, and even action" (Olafur, par. 1). Throughout history, there
have been dozens of examples of art uniting people to think, engage, and act to resolve international
conflicts. One of the most profound examples was music's role in the movement to end apartheid.
Not only did music unite South African blacks during a time of tremendous hardship, it drew the
attention and support of the international community and brought an end to the oppression.
Apartheid officially began with the election of the Nationalist Party in 1948. The group immediately
put into effect racist policies, instituting a white minority as the ruling class. Over the course of
several decades, the government carried out atrocities as part of a comprehensive effort to divide
blacks. The goal was "not only to separate South Africa's white minority from its non–white
majority, but also to separate non–whites from each other... in order to reduce their political power"
("The

Nelson Mandela And The Anti Apartheid Movement
"On the first day of school my teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave each of us an English name. This was
the custom among Africans in those days and was undoubtedly due to the British bias of our
education. That day, Miss Mdingane told me that my new name was Nelson. Why this particular
name I have no idea." My name is Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and I was born in July 18th 1918. I
have seen much in my lifetime and my goal was to unshackle my homeland of South Africa from its
white oppressors. I had gone from living in a straw hut, to prison, and becoming the first black and
democratically elected president of South Africa. I feel I am nearing the end of my life and have put
in my will that this book be released after my story reaches its happy end. In my second biography I
will tell you what inspired me to join the anti–apartheid movement, why I had the ANC used armed
force during the protests, and how the world and South Africa would have reacted if I had been
executed on court order.
My tale begins when I was born July 18th 1918 in Mvezo, Transkei. My father; Nkosi who was
destined to be chief lost his title and fortune over a dispute with the local colonial officers. After this
our family would be forced to move to Qunu since we were now very poor. Here I would be the first
member of my family to go through school and here would be the name I am most recognizable:
Nelson. Life was considerably normal until my father had died of lung disease when I was only 9
years old. My life

The Long-Term Effects Of The Anti-Apartheid Movement
As Gandhi has said about corrupt government "You assist an evil system most effectively by
obeying its orders and decrees". In 1948 in South African elections put white supremacy in place
which allowed them to segregate blacks from whites in South Africa. Over the course of the rule of
supremacists, the South African blacks were treated worse and worse. Eventually, the people
resorted to using protests, peace marches, hunger strikes, boycotting, and other tactics to show their
civil unrest to the white supremacist government. The people of South Africa would have been
supporting the evil of white supremacy and racism by not protesting its rule with civil disobedience.
The Anti–Apartheid Movement had many varied effects that took place immediately. ... Show more
The movement simply would not have been a success with violence. If the protesters of South
Africa instead, shot the white supremacists, the shooters would just create more white supremacists
due to their newfound reason for hate, and prejudice. However, the people of South Africa and
Britain protested peacefully with boycotts, marches, and strikes to show they are a force that must
be dealt with. They were also backed by Britain and the U.N. to show that they would not back
down from equal rights so easily. While there were many short–term changes such as the surge of
aggression, the legal prosecution of those involved, and even the UN's involvement. However many
of the effects of the movement were long lasting too such as a true democracy being reinstated into
South Africa and having Nelson Mandela being elected as a leader. In the end, the movement was a
success completely due to civil

Anti Porn Feminist Research Paper
The feminist movement is thought to be the drive to end women's oppression, be it a biological
woman or an individual who identifies as a woman. However, many feminists have varying ideas
when it comes to women in the sex industry. In today's society we are taught to look down on sex
and to act as if it is something to be ashamed of. Anti–porn feminists believe that pornography
degrades women, can lead to violence against women, and that the women involved in pornography
are mentally damaged in some way that they can not give actual consent to take part. I am a pro–sex
feminist. I believe that a woman should have the right to do with her body as she pleases, whether
that be to cover it up completely, or to bare it all for the world to see.

The Sexuality Of Women 's Sexuality
There are certainly many different 'types' of feminists with varying beliefs on various topics.
Pornography is one of the most widely disputed of these topics, and has long caused controversy
among feminists. Two clear, and distinctly different, sides have been taken by Andrea Dworkin as
well as Linda Williams. The former of these two academics has taken the presumably more
controversial stance. Dworkin is known for their radical stance that pornography only paints women
as whores, as that is how they are seen in a male dominated world. She also is of the opinion that the
depictions of female sexuality is accurate to how women are represented in real life: "The valuation
of women's sexuality in pornography is objective and real because ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This quote demonstrates not only Williams' understanding of female agency but also that female sex
workers often exist in contrast to some feminists. Moreover, Williams does acknowledge female
passivity in traditional porn: "Women, on the other hand, like slaves and boys, were the passive
penetrated, who did not move, who were fucked, and who had no power to abstain" (Williams, 368).
Contrastingly to Dworkin, Williams acknowledges how pornography has changed from its
conception, both in terms of how it is produced, as well as how the women are valued and portrayed
in the industry, as she follows the story of Annie Sprinkle. It is the opinion of this author that
Williams more accurately represents pornography than Dworkin. Based on the opinions of many
authors explored in this unit, it would seem that the terms 'pornography' and 'feminism' could be
considered antonyms. I am sure that many anti–pornography feminists would sooner turn over in
their graves before deciding that the two could be correlated. But is that necessarily true? I
personally believe that aspects of feminism can be found everywhere, and can be applied in the
strangest of places. It is for this reason that I believe that pornography has the capability to be
feminist, though it rarely is. In its creation, women certainly were passive members who had no
agency in their participation nor the consumption of pornography. Pornography was kept hidden and
censored out of

The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign Essay
The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign
Traditionally, many advertisements released by cigarette brands under the Philip Morris label have
depicted happy people joined together in friendship (supposedly due to their common habit). Other
advertisements attempted to associate cigarettes with sleek mystical figures, sometimes even
sexually desirable ones. All this has changed, however, due to recent legal developments in which
the cigarette giant was pressured to offer anti–smoking ads, in addition to the usual fictional ones
depicting happy mannequins. In no way were they to advertise cigarettes, and they were mandated
to help stop youth smoking. These requirements placed Philip Morris in a difficult situation. They
needed to satisfy the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two tree–covered banks of the river converge in the distance far beyond the dingy as if to
immortalize the moment. This moment, as the reader discovers, is one which should be anything but
immortalized. Hidden up in the clouds is a well–camouflaged light yellow box reading "HELP ME
UNDERSTAND WHY SOME KIDS YOUR AGE SMOKE CIGARETTES". As the eye continues
to wander down towards the darkened water between the dingy and the camera, one arrives at some
text at the bottom of the page just beyond the edge of the picture. At the right is another yellow box
similar to the one up in the clouds. This one contains the text, "TALK TO YOUR KIDS ABOUT
NOT SMOKING. THEY'LL LISTEN.". On the left are two small paragraphs in plain font,
containing the quote "How to start the conversation [about smoking] is up to you". The attention of
the reader returns to the image, and once again sees nothing but a bleak emotionless picture. Just to
make sure the advertisement does not attract any potential vacationers, the river is dotted with algae,
and there is not a single artificial structure in sight. In comparison to the dozens of other ads found
in magazines such as this one, nearly any reader would simply pass over it without a second
thought. For those who *do* play closer attention, however, Philip Morris has carefully chosen
visual queues to quickly send them on to the next page.
The ad plays on the need to escape, but instead of

Black Resistance
Putting an end to more than three hundred years of white domination in South Africa and a political
and social system riddled with racial discrimination was not an easy feat to accomplish. This course
of action was further complicated with the objective to shift the political power from the white
minority to the black majority. Even so, the apartheid system ultimately collapsed due to the
economic burden the apartheid imposed on the South African economy, the continued resistance that
criticized the apartheid, and the end of the communist threat that allowed the South African
government to shift their focuses to make extensive political changes. The apartheid state had
already begun to decline by 1978, the economic boom South Africa experienced ... Show more
In conclusion, the South African apartheid was dismantled because of the excessive costs
implementing laws and administration of the apartheid system required, internal and external
protests and movements that denounced the apartheid system, and the extensive political changes
that were made after the collapse of the Soviet Union and F.W de Klerk was elected president.The
disassembling of the apartheid remains one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century for
replacing a racist political and social system dominated by the white minority to a government that
was ruled with by a black

Nelson Mandel An Effective Method Of Ending Apartheid
Nelson Mandela's contribution to the destruction of apartheid in South Africa is unparalleled. He
dedicated every action of his life to unify a sectioned South Africa that showed no signs of
reformation. One of the major characteristics of Mandela's movement in particular was the notion of
unification through nonviolence. Throughout South Africa, the apartheid system was strict and
unforgiving. The origins of apartheid lied within denying blacks any political power, or any
participation in government whatsoever. From this, the National Party established a system of racial
segregation that strictly adhered to White Africans. The apartheid system was law, and was
aggressively enforced through physical and political abuse towards black South Africans. Any
opposition to the apartheid system endangered the lives of all who participated. Naturally, black
South Africans would eventually take action against the poor treatment of their "superiors."
However the most important characteristic of a revolt are the principals on which it is structured.
The Nonviolence Campaign was the most effective method of ending apartheid in South Africa.
Peaceful opposition prevented unnecessary loss of life, stayed true to the original principals and
morals of abolitionists, and prevented the movement itself from falling to hypocrisy. At an early age,
Nelson Mandela recognized the importance of nonviolent protest and what it symbolized within a
movement. It is important to understand nonviolence as

The Anti Apartheid Movement And The Libyan Revolution

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The Anti Apartheid Movement And The Libyan Revolution