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Essay On Mercury Pollution
Mercury pollution occurs from industrial sources such as mining, power plants and coal combustion
centers. When mercury is released from the sources, it can travel halfway around the world before it
ever enters into the waterways and contaminates the fish that we then eat. Through the trade of those
fish, people in every continent are at risk for mercury pollution. Newborns are also at risk of
mercury pollution due to the consummation of fish by their mothers, thousands of babies are at risk
every year of impaired motor skills ("Reduce Mercury Pollution"). In order to reduce the pollutants
of mercury we need to implement a policy to clean up sites already contaminated, limit the amounts
discharged into the water and provide consumers on tips to reduce their exposure to it. My first step
in decreasing the amount of mercury is to focus on the areas that are already contaminated. They
would priority since the mercury would have had time to sit and settle and we would want to clean it
up before it causes further harm. Some of the sites would be cleaned up under the EPA's superfund
policy. One example of a site that is being cleaned up is the Carson River Mercury Site in Nevada.
This is the former sites of mills and mining that have contaminated the soil, waterways and fish over
a 50 mile stretch. Nevada at one time recommended that limited consumption of fish and duck from
the river should be in effect. State and federal actions are being performed in order to excavate and
remove the contaminated soils and they were sent to a mineral resource recovery facility. That
action has already reduced the amount of exposure during the monitoring period and they plan to
add a layer of clean topsoil to reduce the exposure to any mercury soil left behind. They have also
worked in sampling 26 different developments for mercury affects and levels. They are working on
figuring out the cost and benefit of cleaning up the rivers sediment to try to remove the mercury
from the river, wetlands and reservoir. In the meantime short–term cleanup will be done in order to
prevent threats to the population("Carson River Mercury Site"). The second step in my policy to
reduce the mercury levels would be to limit the amount of discharge
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The Effects Of Methyl Mercury On Human Health
1.0 History of methyl mercury
The first organic mercury compounds were studied in the 1800s, with serious incidences of
methylmercury poisoning reported in 1865. Initial reports indicated a divergent symptoms
associated with methyl mercury poisoning. The symptoms include: loss of coordination, tunnel
vision, deafness, extremities, impaired speech and altered face sensation. Approximately a century
later, contrary to the decreased environmental pollution, the clinical picture re–emerged. Therefore,
development of more harm to human health was suspected. However, international agreement to
control pollution by mercury was not reached until 2009. According to the historical evaluations
made, the effects of methyl mercury toxicity such forgetfulness, lack of coordination and tunnel
vision affected the research on environmental health. In 1914, methylmercury developed a
commercial significance as it was used as a crop fungicide. However, the use of the fungicide
globally, was accompanied by several incidences of food and workers poisoning. In the early 1950s
the compound also emerged as an industrial contaminant around Minamata bay in Japan. The
seafood contaminated, prompted a neurologic symptoms reflecting the incident reported in 1865.
Epidemiologic data from Minamata, combined with a 1952 report from Sweden, showed further
severe disease from early–life exposures. The symptoms of this exposures include: seizures,
impaired motor development and mental retardation.
The
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Mercury: Transition Metal
The element Mercury is a group 12, period 6 transition metal. Its atomic number is 80 and its atomic
mass is 200.59. Mercury has a silvery, mirror–like appearance and is very dense. It weighs 13.6
times as much as the same volume of water (Blaszczak–Boxe, 2014). Mercury is the only common
metal that remains a liquid at room temperature. Mercury is a monoatomic substance and is
represented by the symbol Hg on the periodic table that comes from the Greek word hydrargyrum,
which means "liquid silver". Because of its mobility, Mercury is also known as quicksilver and was
named after the fastest moving plant in the solar system (Chemicool.com, 2012). The Lewis
structure of mercury can be seen in Figure A.
Mercury is rarely found in its pure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because mercury is a good conductor of electricity, it can be found in certain types of electrical
switches and can also be found in batteries and fluorescent lights. Additionally, mercury is used in
thermometers and barometers due to its high density and compactness. However, because of safety
concerns, consumer use of mercury is becoming less common. It's now mainly used by the chemical
industry as a catalyst (Periodic Table, n.d.). Specifically, in the extraction of gold by forming alloys
with gold through a process called amalgamation. When the two come in contact with each other,
the gold dissolves into the mercury and the mercury is then distilled off and the gold is removed
(Blaszczak–Boxe, 2014). Mercury can also form alloys with silver, zinc and cadmium, but not iron
so it's often stored in iron containers (Chemicool.com, 2012). A compound of mercury, mercury
nitrate, was used in the making of hats from animal pelts in the 18th century. The mercury nitrate
was used to clean the pelts prior to manufacturing the hats. It was then discovered that numerous
workers who were exposed to the mercury had suffered from brain damage, which coined the term
"mad as a hatter" (Blaszczak–Boxe,
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Mercury: A Potential Contaminant Essay
Introduction: A fifteen year old boy abruptly became ill; he experienced fatigue, headaches, tingling
limbs, weakness, and weight loss. The only information provided stated that he had been using an
acne cream prescribed by a dermatologist as well as an over the counter "beauty cream" to deal with
skin irritation. The doctors could not find the reason for the boy's illness, but interestingly a heavy
metal was found in the boy's urine. What could possibly be the heavy metal and could it have caused
such a severe reaction? The objective was to find the cause behind the sudden sickness of this 15
year old boy. In hopes of finding the cause for his sickness research, diagnostics, and analysis were
used to solve the perplexing situation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this paper further information on this heavy metal will be discussed including background
information on mercury contamination, analytical techniques used to test for it, its causes and
effects, and a case of mercury contamination in Miami. Background Information Calomel, mercury
(I) chloride, is the inorganic compound that caused the adolescent's reaction. Mercury (a heavy
metal) in inorganic compounds, such as mercury (I) chloride is toxic and has side effects that
include vomiting, paleness, difficulty–breathing, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Mercury, represented
by symbol Hg, is a naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust. It is the only metal that is a
liquid at standard temperatures and pressure. It is a heavy silver transition metal, with an atomic
weight of 200.59 and atomic number 80. Mercury is found in the air, water, and soil; it can exist as
metallic mercury, inorganic or organic mercury compounds. Metallic mercury is stable; it is barely
reactive with its surrounding. Also, mercury has a high boiling point and is a poor conductor of heat
and electricity. Due to its distinctive physical properties mercury is commonly used in
thermometers, barometers, light bulbs, and other scientific instruments. Historically, mercury has
been circulating as early as 1500 BC in Egyptian Tombs. Mercury has been utilized to treat all kinds
of sicknesses including yellow fever and malaria in the 1500s. During the 1800s
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Mercury And Its Effects On The Earth
As humans continue to live on Earth the climate is changing which is melting the Polar Ice Caps
along with rising sea levels. Due to these changes to Earths Climate over the next millennia Earths
lands may disappear and be taken over completely by the ocean. The human population is also
constantly increasing and we need more space to survive. What can we do to survive? Where can we
go? This film Deadliest Planets on YouTube will help us to explore our options. This video looks at
6 other Planets that may or may not be possibilities of sustaining life. The first planet was Mercury.
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and one day on mercury lasts up to 58 days on Earth due to
its slow rotation. There is one positive aspect of Mercury, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There were no tree ferns or any plants at all. Venus was covered in dry desert with Volcanoes. This
planet would not be able to sustain human life.
There are a few other reasons why Venus cannot sustain human life. One of them is because of a
huge cloud that surrounds Venus. This cloud is made up of corrosive acid, which is due to the sulfur
from volcanic eruptions on Venus. The second reason is because the atmosphere pressure on Venus
is also ninety times stronger than it is on earth, which is strong enough to crush a car. The third and
final reason we would not be able to live on Venus is because the atmosphere of Venus is nearly all
Carbon Dioxide, which makes the temperatures over nine hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
The next planet the video looked at was Mars. Mars does have a chance that it may be able to
sustain human life. Mars is the one planet that most resembles planet Earth. A day on Mars is almost
the same length as a day on Earth. Mars also resembles Earth because it has deserts, mountains, and
canyons. There has also been a recent discovery of water on Mars underneath the surface. However,
there are disadvantages to Mars. Mars has no magnetic field, so therefore solar radiation can get to
the surface. Radiation is a huge problem for trying to sustain life on Mars; it will kill people and
destroy their DNA. Currently, Scientists are
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Mercury Geology
The geology of Mercury is similar to the geology of the Moon. Although, Mercury is a much denser
planet with a larger liquid iron core. The surface of Mercury is covered by impact craters. Although,
only 55% of the Mercury has been mapped in enough detail to see its geology. Some of the largest
craters were filled with lava from Mercury's interior. Craters on Mercury can be small bowl–shaped
pockets, or huge impact craters. The largest crater on Mercury is the Caloris Basin. There have been
about 15 large impact basins that have been identified on Mercury. Just like the Moon, the larger
craters have bright rays of material; it's brighter because it hasn't been as weathered by impacts. One
of the unique places on Mercury are the regions around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Natural or human–made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset–split into pieces and
carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along,
creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. As the plates alternately jam and jump against each
other, earthquakes rattle through a wide boundary zone. The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the
Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost
layers of Earth's structure. The lithosphere is divided into 15 major tectonic plates: the North
American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian,
Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and
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Mercury Pollution
How is mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems an environmental issue in Australia?
Introduction to mercury contamination: Mercury is a naturally occurring element, which is released
from the earth's crust through a number of pathways. For instance, natural erosion of mercury
containing rocks enable its transportation into the air and be washed off to waterways. Volcanic
eruptions and geothermal activity also release mercury. Therefore, there are natural background
levels of mercury. However, anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions following the industrial
revolution has increased its mobilisation into the environment, consequencing in elevated levels of
mercury in the atmosphere, soils, fresh–waters and oceans. In Australia, it is stated that natural
sources contribute to 93% of total mercury emissions in Australia. Nevertheless, an important
limitation to such modelled statics is the fact that they are unable to taken into account the
percentage of those natural emissions that are actually mercury originating from anthropogenic
sources being re–emitted. On a global scale, it is stated that while 10% of the total mercury
emissions into the atmosphere annually is from natural sources and 30% is of anthropogenic origins,
60% of it is re–emission and re–mobilisation. Such re–emission results from the natural conversion
of deposited inorganic and organic forms of mercury to elemental mercury, which is evaporative and
thus readily returns to the air during forest
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Mercury Surface Geology Essay
Mercury – Surface Geology
Mercury's surface is heavily cratered. There are two distinct types of craters that can be observed on
Mercury's surface; the more common impact crater – formed during asteroid impact, and pit craters
– formed from the collapse of subterranean magma chambers. The former, impact craters, are
typically more circular in shape and are accompanied by high ridges around the perimeter of the
impact where debris from the impact was ejected. The latter, pit craters, are more irregular in shape
and do not have the perimeter ridges. On the smoother plains of the surface compression folds can
be seen, these are thought to be caused by the cooling of Mercury's core causing the surface to
contract. The surface of Mercury consists of dark porous rock and because ... Show more content on
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Obduction – Where the Continental Plate runs under the Oceanic Plate causing oceanic ridges to
form.
Orogenic – Where two continental Plates push upwards against each other causing mountain ranges.
Transform boundaries – where the plates are moving across each other
This can cause minor earthquakes to occur (however not as powerful as earthquakes caused by
Subduction).
Mars
Mars has two moons in it's orbit, Phobos and Deimos. Phobos, the larger of the two moons, is
significantly larger that its counterpart, Deimos, with roughly 6 times the mass. Both moons have a
near circular orbit around Mars' equator, however Phobos' orbit is much closer to the surface – so
close it actually interacts with Mars's atmosphere. Due to this interaction Phobos is in a decaying
orbit that will likely lead to a collision with its owner in the relatively near future.
It is still unclear as to the origins of Phobos and Deimos, the most popular theories are listed below
with ;
Capture Theory – Asteroids captured by Mars' gravitational influence.
Explains why moon composition is different from parent
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Freddie Mercury Research Paper
Most people know the name "Freddie Mercury", who was best known as the lead singer of "Queen".
In 70's and 80's rock, he was known as one of the greatest performers and still leaves a name in
popular music today. His life spanned from 1945–1991, which ended short from AIDS
complications. Within his musical career, Freddie was a Jack–of–all–Trades being a singer,
songwriter, instrumentalist (piano and guitar), performer and a record producer. His 4–octave vocal
range is from a bass low to a soprano high (from F2 to F6), also he wrote many of Queen's greatest
hits. His live performances were known from around the world, with one music critic saying "Those
who compile lists of Great Rock Front–men and award the top spots to Mick Jagger, Robert Plant,
etc. all are guilty of a terrible oversight. Freddie, as evidenced by his Dionysian Live Aid
performance, was easily the most godlike of them all." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with this he is also an important figure in AIDS history and was officially named on several
lists of influential persons. For those who haven't heard Freddie Mercury or Queen, they'll be asking
this question. Why are there so many tributes? What made his music so popular? To answer these
questions, we must go back to Freddie Mercury's life: both career and
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How Do Mercury Enter The Environment
Mercury has been under strict examination in recent years. This is because of the fact that the
existence of mercury in the environment can be toxically harmful to all living organisms. Mercury is
generally spread through the environment, and affects a number of environmental factors. Though
mercury has many uses and includes special properties, it has produced more destruction than aid to
the civilization throughout the years. The presence of mercury in the environment is a well–known
concern for many. The full effects that mercury can have are still being revealed to this day. There
are numerous means in which mercury can enter the environment. Early stages of mercury arise
both naturally and anthropogenic, and can be naturally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As long as the fish continue to be exposed to mercury, mercury will continually build up in fish's
bodies. Fish that eat other fish grow even more highly tainted. Therefore, the fish most desirable for
many additional bigger fishes become the most affected, and larger sized fish will be the most
contaminated fish. Bacteria and chemical reactions in lakes and wetlands change the mercury into a
much more toxic form known as methyl mercury. Fish become contaminated with methyl mercury
by eating food, which has absorbed methyl mercury. The environment is at a serious risk because of
the levels of mercury in our water supply. Mercury will contaminate the fish and other wild life
around the tainted water
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Essay on Mercury: A toxic poison
Mercury: A toxic poison
No other metal better illustrates the diversity of effects caused by different chemical species than
does mercury. On the basis of chemical speciation, there are three forms of mercury: elemental,
inorganic, and organic compounds.
The major source of mercury is the natural degassing of the earth's crust, including land areas,
rivers, and the ocean, and this source is estimated to produce on the order of 2700 to 6000 tons per
year. The total man made release into the atmosphere is about 2000 to 3000 tons, and it is difficult to
assess what quantities of mercury come from human activities and what quantities from natural
resources. Run–off into natural bodies of water may contain mercury ... Show more content on
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Metallic mercury may be oxidized to inorganic divalent mercury, particularly in the presence of
organic material such as in the aquatic environment. Divalent inorganic mercury may, in turn be
reduced to metallic mercury when conditions are appropriate for reducing reactions to occur. A
potential source of alkyaltion of divalent mercury is methylation to dimethyl mercury by anaerobic
bacteria. Methyl mercury is of major toxicology significance. If it is taken up into the food chain by
fish, it may eventually cycle through humans or it may diffuse into the atmosphere and return to the
earth's crust or to bodies of water as methyl mercury in rainfall1.
The Japanese Tragedy
The steadily mounting environmental contamination by mercury was ignored until a tragic series of
events occurred in Japan. In the beginning many cats were seen to dance in the small fishing villages
along Minamata Bay on Kyushu Island. They clearly were mad, because they screamed incessantly
and often ended their dance and their lives by flinging themselves into the sea. This activity was first
observed in 1953, and by 1960 the nervous tremors that preceded the dance were familiar not only
in cats, but also in birds, fish, pigs, and dogs. A greater terror was aroused as human beings were
also stricken, often several members of one family. Fearing that they might have a shameful
infectious disease, the poor fisherman kept their tragedy to themselves for 3
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Mercury: The Creation Of The Caloris Basin
The surface of Mercury
The most notable thing about the surface of Mercury are the many craters. Since the planet has a
very thin atmosphere, clashes with comets and asteroids caused a lot of damage. Some craters are
formed billion years ago, others are younger. These craters can be very deep, and their size ranges
from a single meters to multiple kilometres. The Caloris Basin, the largest crater of Mercury, has a
diameter of no less than 1,500 kilometres. A terrain of hills and mountains on the other side of the
planet is believed to be caused by a shock wave generated by the impact the creation of the Caloris
Basin had. Another feature of the planet are the "ghost craters". These are former craters that are
filled with volcanic material from volcanos that exploded a few billion years ago. The outline is still
marked by ridges that form circles. One can also find highlands, mountains, plains and valleys on
Mercury.
The climate on Venus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average surface temperature is 500 degrees Celsius. An important reason for this high
temperature are the clouds on the planet. From a distance they look similar to the clouds on Earth,
but instead of water the clouds on Venus are made up of carbon dioxide. By absorbing infra–red
light this greenhouse gas keeps the planet hot. Since Venus is also tilted with 23,4 degrees (Earth
only with 2,7 degrees), seasons don't exist at Venus. Everywhere at every time of the year the planet
has almost the same high temperature. It is believed that Venus once had a climate like Earth, but it
is still unknown how and why the greenhouse effect took
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The Effects Of Mercury In The Great Lakes
The Effects of Mercury and its Appearance in the Great Lakes While liquid gold may be a modern
allegory for something desirable, there is another liquid metal that is quite the opposite of desirable.
Mercury is an unusual metal in that in its standard elemental form it is a liquid. Due to the increase
in industry over the last 100 years, Mercury levels have risen, which cause serious damage to
humans. There are three different chemical forms that mercury exists in and each has a specific
effect on human health, however for the purpose of this paper only two will be talked about. The
first is elemental mercury (Hg), which also called metallic mercury. In this form the primary health
effect is when it is breathes as vapor where it can be absorbed through the lungs. Symptoms of this
kind include tremors, emotional changes, insomnia, neuromuscular changes, headaches,
disturbances in sensations, changes in nerve responses, and performance deficits on tests of
cognitive functions. At higher doses there can be kidney effects, respiratory failure, and even death.
In this form it is emitted into the air from coal–fired power plants, waste incinerators, smelting
plants, which is by far the leading man–made source of mercury in the Great Lakes. It is released
into the air and transported by air currents and will eventually fall and be deposited in soil or water.
This is particularly important to the people living in Michigan because in Detroit the mercury found
in rain has been
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Mercury Pollution
Consequences of Mercury Pollution
Coming in Contact with Mercury People can come in contact with mercury in a number of ways.
There is increased risk of mercury exposure in the dental, health and chemical industries. People are
also at risk of consuming an unsafe amount of mercury if they eat certain things in excess amounts,
such as more than 6 ounces of albacore tuna per week, or over 12 ounces of fish like shrimp, canned
tuna, salmon, pollock or catfish. Exposure to mercury can cause brain damage, kidney damage, lung
damage and various digestive system problems (McCoy). Perhaps the person most vulnerable to
mercury poisoning is the pregnant woman and her unborn fetus. Trauma caused to infants and
children as a result of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conclusion The impacts of mercury pollution on the Earth are huge. It starts by affecting wildlife
and fish and then those things are consumed by humans. There is severe brain damage that is
occurring and drastically affecting society's general IQ and earning power. The progression of
society in some cultures is being halted because of this pollution. There have been a lot of
governmental meetings regarding the subject, but little has changed. It seems as if there needs to be
a great deal more of legislation regarding the matter.
Galbraith, Kate. "If Mercury Pollution Knows No Borders, Neither Can Its Solution."New York
Times. New York Times, 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. .
Kennedy, Robert F., and Marc A. Yaggi. "Mercury Poisoning Is a Growing Global Menace We Have
to Address." The Guardian. N.p., 10 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. .
McCoy, Krisha. "Mercury Toxicity." Mercury Toxicity. Lifescript, 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. .
Sunderland, Elsie M., and Noelle E. Selin. "Future Trends in Environmental Mercury
Concentrations: Implications for Prevention Strategies." Environmental Health. Environmental
Health, 7 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. .
Visser, Nick. "Amazon Natives In Peru Far More Susceptible To Mercury From Gold Mines, Study
Finds." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 10 Sept. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.
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The Planet Of Planet Mercury
Introduction
The planet Mercury is very difficult to study from the Earth because of its proximity to the Sun.
It is the second smallest planet (it was believed to be the smallest until the discovery that Pluto is
actually much smaller than originally thought), and also the fastest in its orbit since it is the
innermost planet.
Solar System Records
Highest uncompressed density.
Highest diurnal variation in temperature.
Only Solar System object with a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance. it rotates on its axis exactly three times
for every two revolutions it makes around the Sun
Geological history ended the earliest among terrestrial planets.
Smallest planet with global magnetic field.
Most Earth–like magnetosphere.
Name
Named after the Roman messenger god who was known for his ability to travel quickly with wings
on his feet. Mercury travels in orbit the shortest time of all planets
Distance From The Sun
Mercury is located 57, 910, 000km (0.38AU) from the Sun.
Mercury is the inner most planet in our solar system.
Orbit
The orbit of Mercury is the most eccentric of the planets in the solar system.
At perihelion it is 46,001,200km from the Sun
At aphelion it is 69,816,200km from the Sun
A difference of 23,815,700km giving it an eccentricity of 0.21
Orbit
Mercury is the only object Solar System with a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance. This means it rotates on its
axis exactly three times for every two revolutions it makes around the Sun
The length of a day on Mercury 58.63 Earth days.
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Mercury Pollution
Introduction to mercury contamination: Mercury is a naturally occurring element, which is released
from the earth's crust through a number of pathways. For instance, natural erosion of mercury
containing rocks enable its transportation into the air and be washed off to waterways. Volcanic
eruptions and geothermal activity also release mercury. Therefore, there are natural background
levels of mercury. However, anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions following the industrial
revolution has increased its mobilisation into the environment, consequencing in elevated levels of
mercury in the atmosphere, soils, fresh–waters and oceans. In Australia, it is stated that natural
sources contribute to 93% of total mercury emissions in Australia. Nevertheless, an important
limitation to such modelled statics is the fact that they are unable to taken into account the
percentage of those natural emissions that are actually mercury originating from anthropogenic
sources being re–emitted. On a global scale, it is stated that while 10% of the total mercury
emissions into the atmosphere annually is from natural sources and 30% is of anthropogenic origins,
60% of it is re–emission and re–mobilisation. Such re–emission results from the natural conversion
of deposited inorganic and organic forms of mercury to elemental mercury, which is evaporative and
thus readily returns to the air during forest fires and other natural events, producing a continuous
global mercury cycle in the
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Mercury Informative Speech
Alien: Hey guys I am Buzzsonic I love Mercury!!!!!!! And I am going to tell you all about it. Did
you know that Mercury has extreme seasons. The temperature range is 801 degrees fahrenheit to –
297 degrees fahrenheit . Alien: Mercury has less gravity on it so if you weighed 100 pounds on earth
you would weigh 38 pounds on Mercury. So you would be super light on Mercury compared to
Earth. Alien: Mercury has a very thin atmosphere. I have only found a trace of atmosphere on
Mercury. Also mercury has no weather. It has no erosion or plate tectonics. Alien: Mercury has short
years long days . The years our 88 days. Also the days our 58 days. That is a very long day. I would
hate to have a birthday on that planet. Mercury has a mass of 3.285*10^23
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Mercury: Transition Metal
Mercury is a transition metal that is also known as "quicksilver." No one is sure who discovered this
element. Mercury has been used since ancient times; the Chinese, Egyptians, and the Hindus have
been known to use mercury. In 1500 B.C. mercury was found in ancient Egyptian tombs. There also
has been writings found that have said "liquid–silver" and "water–silver" written by Aristotle in the
fourth century B.C. The Greeks referred mercury as hydragyrum. The romans modified this name to
Hg which is how we got the element symbol for mercury. The modern name for this element came
from the alchemists. They got this name by observing the element's rapid, liquid flow and then
named it after the fastest moving planet, mercury. Mercury is a highly
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Mercury Planet Research Paper
You are now ready to explore every planet in our solar system. You will learn tons of cool facts
about each planet. This will also teach you about where the names of our planets came from and
what the planet is known for.
Mercury and its speed.
In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery. The planet got its name
because of how fast it moves. One year in mercury is 88 days, which means it revolves around the
Sun in 88 days. Not only that but Mercury is the closest planet to The Sun. It is also known as the
2nd hottest planet. Mercury has no moons though because of how close it is to The Sun.
2. Venus and its heat.
In geek Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The planet is called Venus
because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of agriculture and wealth. Saturn's ring very big. What the
rings are made of is ice rocks and water. Saturn also has 53 moons. A interesting fact about Saturn is
it takes 10,756 Earth days, to complete one revolution around the sun. Saturn's Surface is
completely made out of gas.
7. Uranus and it's ice
Uranus is the seventh planet closest to the sun. Uranus is the ancient Greek deity of the Heavens, the
earliest supreme god.The color of Uranus is bright blue. Uranus is always very cold and windy. One
Day in Uranus is 17 hours. Uranus also complete a full orbit around the sun in about 84 earth years.
Like all gas planets Uranus has some rings. Uranus has about ten small moons and five big ones.
Uranus is known for how cold it is. It's basically filled with gases but mainly ice. Something about
Uranus is really doesn't have an actual surface it kind of has rocky and icy water fluids.
8. Neptunes wind and Sea.
Finally Neptune is the 8th planet from The Sun, or known as the last. In Roman mythology Neptune
is the god of Sea. Not only does it have ice, water and rocks but it is also the windiest planet.
Neptune also has tons of storms all around it's atmosphere. Neptune's winds can also be three times
stronger than Jupiter's and nine times stronger than Earth's. Neptune has has a total of 14 moons. It
takes about 165 earth years for Neptune to orbit once around The
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Mercury Surface Geology
Mercury's most prominent feature is its surface geology. It's almost like the moon, with extensive
mare–like plains and heavy cratering, showing that the planet has been geologically inactive for
billions of years. Craters range in diameter from bowl–shaped cavities to multi–ringed impact basins
hundreds of kilometers across. One of the largest crater is the Caloris Basin, with the diameter of
1,550 km. The impact was so powerful that it caused lava eruptions and a concentrated ring over 2
km tall surrounding the basin to form. There are two distinct regions of plains on Mercury. These
plains occur between the crater impacts and they bear a strong resemblence to the lunar maria. From
the MESSENGER spacecraft, we were able to see that there ... Show more content on
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The seven major tectonic plates comprise mostly on continental plates and the Pacific plate. The
seven major plates from greatest to least are called: the Pacific Plate stretching 103,300,000 km2,
North American Plate being 75,900,000 km2, Eurasian Plate being 67,800,000 km2, African Plate
stretching 61,300,000 km2, Antarctic Plate being 60,900,000 km2, Australian Plate being
47,000,000 km2, and the South American Plate being 43,600,000 km2. With different tectonic
plates, there are different ways they can move: divergent, convergent, and transform. Divergent plate
movement is when both plates moving away from each other, creating a canyon that has magma
pushing out from the bottom, forming new ground. Convergent is usually an oceanic plate and a
continental plate are moving into one another, causing the oceanic plate to subducts into the mantle.
This causes move active volcanos and earthquakes. Even though all of the plates are in the
lithosphere, it's only the where Earth is flexible enough to move rather than flow. The lithosphere
flexes when loads of weight are placed on it or
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Sources of Mercury and Health Effect
Sources of Mercury and Health Effect
Mercury is a naturally occurring element found in the earth's crust that can be found as the elemental
or metallic mercury or in many organic and inorganic compounds. Mercury is a metal that when at
room temperature is a silvery liquid metal and is often called one of the "heavy metals." Mercury
can evaporate like water, and become airborne. It is an element that does not break down into a less
toxic substance. Once mercury escapes into the environment it will continue to circulate in and out
of the atmosphere until it ends up at the bottoms of lakes and oceans. It cannot be created or
destroyed (UWM, 2004). The most common or leading source of mercury in the environment is
atmospheric deposition. Once mercury has reached the atmosphere it can circulate for years which
make up for the extensive distribution in the environment. The natural sources that contribute to
atmospheric mercury are volcanoes, geologic deposits of mercury, weathering of rocks and
volatilization from the ocean. Rocks, sediments, water and soil also naturally contain small amounts
of mercury; scientists have even found some local mineral occurrences and thermal springs that are
natural high in mercury (USGS, 2009). Secondary sources of mercury result from burning fossil
fuels and smelting metals. Mercury is also a by–product of gold and zinc mining. Mercury is also
found in many rocks one of them being coal, when coal is burned in power plants the mercury is
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Mercury: Found In Different Chemical Forms
Mercury, the only metal which can be found in liquid form at room temperature, is a heavy, silvery–
white d–block element. Mercury exists in different chemical forms: elemental (or metallic),
inorganic, and organic. Methylmercury, the most predominant form of organic mercury, is the form
that poses a risk through fish consumption. Another organic mercury compound, ethylmercury, is a
metabolite from thimerosal. Since the 1930's, thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by
weight, has been used as a preservative to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination in vaccines. It
wasn't until the late 1990's that concerns were raised about exposure to ethylmercury, especially for
infants who receive many vaccinations within their first year of ... Show more content on
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Elemental mercury, which is a liquid at room temperature is less toxic than inorganic or organic
bound mercury. However, it can easily evaporate. Breathing in large amounts can cause harm.
Inorganic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with elements such as chlorine,
sulfur, or oxygen. Mercury salts can cause toxic effects if they are ingested. The high toxicity of
mercuric ions can be explained by the high affinity to sulfhydryl groups of amino acids, which are
building blocks for enzymes. In organic mercury compounds, mercury is covalently bound to
carbon. Organic mercury is the most dangerous form of mercury to human health. The most
common organic mercury compound in the environment is methylmercury which bioaccumulates in
fish and can be harmful if
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How Does Mercury Affect The Body
Mercury, when one hears the word they man instantly think of fish or that old timey class
thermometer. Mercury is an element that is found within different regions of the world and can be in
inorganic forms such as metallics (Bernhoft 2011). Yet people seem to forget and realize the true
harm that come from the chemical itself. However there is one thing that people forget when dealing
with any type of metal, it can be a vapor, yes mercury can be vapor (Bernhoft 2011). Rather, in fact,
that is another way that many people get sick from mercury because it is in the air and can get into
our systems in multiple different ways. However mercury can affect people differently depending
upon how much mercury goes into the system and how it goes in (Bernhoft 2011). However the
debate as to how the mercury truly affects the body is contervital, it is known that it can cause major
damage to many different organs, however it can cause the most damage to the brain. While the
amount of damage done depends upon the dosages, if there is a large dosage it ... Show more
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Atmospheric exposures come from volcanic eruptions, coal burning, and through mining, then the
mercury goes through a cycle such as the nitrogen cycle and then settles into the ocean (Bernhoft
2011). As the mercury settles into the water the small creatures with the water, and people ingest the
fish containing mercury and can cause major damage to people and pregnant women (Bernhoft
2011). Although exposure usually occurs with the atmospheric reasoning, but there are other parts of
the human body that can be affected such as the kidneys, skin, breast etc. (Bernhoft 2011). However
there are many different ways that mercury can be taken out of a person's body, that being through
urination, and many large amounts come out through sweat and saliva (Bernhoft
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Mercury Surface Research Paper
Mercury's surface is very rocky and covered in boulders and pulverized dust. The surface is also
filled with craters. The planet is a grey color. It is the smallest planet but very dense. The surface of
Mercury is very similar to the surface of the moon, but Mercury has more smooth plains. On
Mercury you will not find any clouds, dust storms, rivers or any other sign of weather. The planets
magnetic field keeps any winds away from it. Mercury has a mainly iron rich core. The planet will
always be facing the sun on one side, lighting up half of its surface. The side facing the sun is very
hot, while the side not facing the sun gets very cold. There is absolutely no sign of anything living
on Mercury, and there has not been any for a long time.
Venus' atmosphere is made up of mostly carbon dioxide and some nitrogen. There are also traces of
carbon monoxide, argon, helium and neon on the planet. All of these elements make Venus'
atmospheric pressure more then 90 percent heavier then the Earth. Closest to the surface is a layer of
carbon dioxide, which is covered by a layer of clouds which makes it hard to make out the planet. ...
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The three major types of tectonic plates are divergent, subduction and transform. Divergent plates
tend to move apart from each other. Subduction plates are when oceanic plate moves under a
continental plate. This can cause volcanos to erupt and large sized earthquakes. Transform plates
slide back and forth against one another. The Lithosphere consists of the Earths crust and uppermost
mantle. The North American plate and the South American plate are the major plates of the
lithosphere. The lithosphere also consists of the Pacific plate, the African plate and the Eurasian
plate. The Pacific plate is the only major plate that is mainly underwater and is also the largest plate
in the lithosphere. The Earth was once one large continental body called Pangea, before the plates
started
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Mercury Contamination In Costa Rica
Literature Review The Background of Mercury Initially, my research was primarily focused on the
issue of heavy metal pollution and its integral parts, before delving into finding the problems it
causes further down the line. Audrey Haynes' dissertation, 'Mercury Contamination in Costa Rica'
(2012), was the most prominent reliable source of data that I discovered, having been written by a
university student, who had travelled to Costa Rica herself to collect data which had then been peer
reviewed before publishing. Not only this, but she also worked alongside other academics and
scientists currently studying the problem to further increase the validity of the research, therefore
making the dissertation a balanced and informative source. ... Show more content on
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Many of my sources including 'Methyl Mercury – The Danger from the Sea' (Protect the sharks,
2012) offer data and detailed explanations as to why it is so toxic to us as humans and the extreme
problems it can cause to the human body. As mammals, we cannot manage mercury levels in our
system because it is not naturally occurring in our environment, meaning we have not adapted to
cope with is causing us to suffer various negative side effects when ingesting mercury. Methyl
mercury is 1000 times more toxic than organic mercury (Protect the sharks, 2012) which is an
alarming statistic considering the fact human tissue assimilates almost 100% of methyl mercury.
According to Dr. Jane Hightower, although there is no 'safe' level of chronic mercury exposure, for
reasons currently thought to be related to genetics, some people have higher tolerances to methyl
mercury than others. This means reactions to the substance can vary in severity on wide scale. 'The
Effect of Fish Consumption on Blood Mercury Levels of Pregnant Women' (Euy Hyuk Kim et al,
2006) explains that once the methyl mercury is ingested, usually through the consumption of fish,
initial signs of the poisoning include numbness of the hands and feet, general weakness of the
muscles, loss of peripheral vision and damage to hearing and speech. However within the course of
only a few weeks the effects of the poisoning can dramatically worsen to anything between the
development of type 2 diabetes, infertility (especially in men), immune dysfunction, an increase in
coronary heart disease and heart attacks or strokes, mutations leading to cancer, dysphagia, visual
impairments, insanity (hence the term mad as a hatter) and neuropsychiatric damage being the
worst. The neurological problems tend to originally show themselves in the form of ataxia earlier on
in the timeline of
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Mercury and Commercial Salmon
Commercial salmon is an important source of nutrition for humans in both urban populations and
aboriginal peoples. However, mercury contamination in salmonids has been a rising concern not
only for the health of humans but for the health of wildlife and ecosystems that are affected by it.
Mercury is distributed widely through the environment through natural processes, but anthropogenic
processes have been increasing mercury concentrations in the environment to dangerous levels
through direct deposition in soil and through atmospheric deposition. In this essay, I will review the
processes in which mercury circulated through the ecosystems, how salmon is affected by it, and
how the consumption of salmon affects human health.
About Salmonids Salmonids is a group of species classified under the family Salmonidae.
Salmonidae consists of 5 genera and 14 species primarily residing in the arctic. The family of
salmonidae includes salmons, trouts, and chars. A few species of salmonidae discussed in this essay
include the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerca), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown
trout (Salmo trutta), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Farrell and Steffensen, 2005).
Overview of the Circulation of Mercury Inorganic mercury becomes deposited into the atmosphere
and soil by both natural processes and anthropogenic processes. Natural processes include volcanic
events, breakdown of
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Planet Mercury Research Paper
Is Mercury A Volatile Planet? Introduction: In class, the lecture notes on the planet Mercury in
section 11.1 "The Terrestrial Planets" is composed of a brief overview of the characteristics of the
planet compared to other planets in our solar system. I became curious about Mercury due to the fact
that it is the closest planet to the sun and decided to look further into the information that has been
collected about Mercury. Search Log: Based on what I knew from the first journey entry I wrote, I
decided to forgo using Google to find an article about Mercury. I went straight to the VCU Libraries
website and typed Mercury into the search bar. I refined the results that were displayed by selecting
to view only peer–reviewed articles. Then, I refined the search to include ... Show more content on
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While MESSENGER was in orbit around Mercury, the Gamma–ray spectrometer indicated a ratio
similar to Mars saying that Mercury is as volatile–rich as the other terrestrial planets. In the present
study, newly obtained Gamma–ray spectrometer data along with data from the X–ray spectrometer
on MESSENGER is being used to re–examine the volatile–element inventory of Mercury. Elements
were directly measured by the MESSENGER instruments, which were used in calculations to make
estimates on the composition of the interior of the planet. Based on the Gamma–ray spectrometer
the ratios measured from the surface implies that Mercury is volatile rich compared to some other
terrestrial planets. However, Mercury is the most reduced of the terrestrial planets and elements that
typically behave as lithophile elements may behave differently in an oxygen–starved magmatic
system like Mercury. In conclusion, even with the data that has been collected, scientists cannot
declare Mercury to either volatile–rich or
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Jack Morris. Mr. Cummins. Mercury. 03/06/17. Mercury....
Jack Morris
Mr. Cummins
Mercury
03/06/17
Mercury
Introduction
Hello! Today you will learn about the planet Mercury! YEAH!!! I hope you find Mercury quite
interesting (just like I did when I was researching) and enjoy this presentation and have your minds
blown... BOOM! Now, let 's gain some knowledge... Oh! One more thing, you might want to take
some notes as I 'm reading this because they might come in handy later so get out those notebooks
or post–it–notes or what ever. Ok, Now let 's gain some knowledge.
Mercury's Surface
Mercury doesn't have an atmosphere, so it can't contain the heat from the sun. Temperatures on the
planet can reach 800 degrees fahrenheit (pretty darn hot!) and can reach 290 degrees below
fahrenheit (brrrr!!!). As you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Well because the North Pole on Mercury (yes there is a North Pole on Mercury) never faces the sun.
So it is very cold there. So they believe that ice could be on Mercury. Well why doesn't it just melt
then? It's because temperatures there are about –161... celsius (about –258 fahrenheit). So I doubt
that the ice can melt. So did that help you understand a little bit?
What is Mercury made of
Mercury is basicly just a giant ball of iron in space.
Fun Facts About Mercury
*If you stood on Mercury's surface you would weigh 38% less of your weight then here on Earth
*No one knows who discovered Mercury. (hhhhhmmmmmmm)
*As you may already know, Mercury has no rings or moons.
Conclusion
Well I hope you enjoyed this presentation and learned something interesting or just anything at all. I
know I sure learned something while I was writing this and gathering information for this paper. I
worked very hard on this. Now, remember when I told you to write notes?Well I hope you did
because it's time for.....................QUESTIONS!!!!
QUESTIONS!
First... What is Mercury made of?
Answer: Iron
How big is Mercury in diameter?
Answer: less than 3030 in diameter
And who discovered Mercury?
Answer: No one knows
Works Cited
"Astronomy For Kids." Astronomy For Kids – KidsAstronomy.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. .
Contributor, Nola Taylor Redd Space.com. "How Big Is Mercury?" Space.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16
Mar. 2017. .
Dunford, Bill.
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Environmental Effects Of Mercury Pollution
1 1. Introduction Mercury pollution is omnipresent in marine ecosystems, and is present in water
column, as well in benthic sediment. Mercury dispersal is a natural process, where mercury
compounds are released from Earths' crust by volcano activity or by weathering the rocks
(Ebinghaus et al, 1999). However, the concentration of mercury in the environment, both in air and
water ecosystems, has risen dramatically after 1950 when intensified industrialisation occurred after
World War II. This hazardous element, after being released from industrial plants, diffuses in rivers
and eventually pollutes the oceans (EPA, Unites States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017).
Once in the water, mercury ends to be bioaccumulated in tissue of marine organisms, where the
intoxication from mercury in small or large doses provokes severe damages, particularly affecting
central nervous system and induce chromosomal aberrations (Porto et al, 2005; Zahir et al, 2005).
This prolonged exposure to mercury is more evident in animals placed higher in food chains, due to
mercury biomagnification effect (Wyn,et al, 2009; Al–Reasi et al, 2007). Humans are especially
sensitive to mercury toxic effects, being on the top of food webs (Barbaros et al, 2003; Lavoie et al,
2013). A wide range of industries use mercury or produce mercury waste during the manufacturing
processes, however the major polluter are industry branches related to the production of gold
(mining activities), fossils combustion, but
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Mercury Surface
Mercury
The surface of Mercury is littered with craters. These craters are believed to have been created by
collisions from debris. Mercurys' craters range from small circular craters to multi–ridged impact
basin. These basin are formed either when there was a large collision followed by a few small
collisions or from many smaller collisions. The largest known crater on Mercury is called the
Caloris Basin. This crater has a diameter of approximately 1500 kilometres across and surprisingly
resides in a rather flat part of Mercurys' surface.
However we see that the full surface of Mercury is not cratered and that there is sections of
Mercurys' surface that looks "untouched" – we call these sections smooth plains. These plains are
not believed to have been created by volcanic activity on Mercurys' surface.
Venus
Venus' atmosphere and climate has been studied carefully as it is believed this is what our
atmosphere may come to be in the future. With an atmosphere made up of approximately 96.5%
carbon dioxide and 3.5% nitrogen it has an astonishing atmospheric pressure of about 1352 pounds
per square inch – which is approximately 90 times that of Earths.
Venus' climate is complicated as it varies largely across the planet. With temperatures of –364
degrees Fahrenheit and 870 degrees ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In general there are three types of boundary activity, the first in divergent this is where two plates
are moving away from each other and therefore new land is being formed from the mantle
underneath. The second is called subduction this occurs when two tectonic plates are moving
towards each other – it is along these types of boundaries where mountain are generally found. The
third and final type is called transform, this occurs when two plates are moving side by side and this
is where earthquakes are normally
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Surface Of Mercury Research Paper
The surface of Mercury is very rocky, and has many pits and craters on it due to the large number of
meteors that have collided with the surface over the years. According to all all observations that
muggle spacecraft has made, the surface of Mercury is dead, with no signs of life or liquid water.
This is largely due to its lack of atmosphere and extreme temperatures. Also due to the lack of
atmosphere, Mercury has no weather or wind, and the surface has few distinguishing features such
as riverbeds or dust storms. Much of the surface is similar to the surface of Earth's moon. Beneath
the surface of mercury is a solid core, which is very rich in iron deposits. The core is large compared
to the total size of the planet, the largest ratio of any planet or dwarf planet in our solar system.
Venus has a very dramatic climate, it's atmosphere contains many greenhouse gasses and is the
hottest planet in our solar system, despite the fact that it is further from the sun than Mercury. The
atmosphere of Venus is mostly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The different tectonic plates rest on the mantle, a very hot layer of earth that is directly beneath the
crust. There are seven major tectonic plates, their names are The Pacific Plate, The North American
Plate, The Eurasian Plate, The African Plate, The Antarctic Plate, The Australian Plate, and The
South American Plate. In addition to these major plates there are also many smaller tectonic plates
that make up parts of the Earth's crust. When the boundaries between plates shift, this causes
earthquakes. There are three types of movements that cause earthquakes. Divergent is when the
plates move away from each other, Subduction is when one plate moves underneath another, and
Transform is when the plates grind against each other. The lithosphere is another name for earth's
crust and mantle, it is made up of all the tectonic
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Geology Of Mercury Essay
Mercury – The geology of Mercury is similar to the geology of the Moon; although, Mercury is a
much denser planet with a larger liquid iron core. The surface of Mercury is covered by impact
craters and lava plains.
It's believed that the surface of Mercury is geologically inactive; although, only 55% of the surface
has been mapped in enough detail to see its geology.
Some of the largest craters in this period were filled with lava from Mercury's interior. It's believed
that vulcanism on Mercury ended during its first 700 800 million years. Craters on Mercury can be
small bowl–shaped pockets, or huge impact craters hundreds of kilometers across. The largest crater
on Mercury is the Caloris Basin, measuring 1,550 km. One of the unique places ... Show more
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The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle.This strong outer layer is called
the lithosphere.
Four types of plate boundaries exist: Transform bounderies – occur where two lithospheric plates
slide; Divergent bounderies – occur where two plates slide apart from each other; Convergent
bounderies – occur where two plates slide toward each other; Plate boundery zones occur where the
effects of the interactions are unclear.
The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle),
is broken up into tectonic plates.On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how
they are defined) and many minor plates.
Mars – Mars has two moons Phobos and Deimos. which are thought to be captured asteroids. Both
satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall and are named after the characters Phobos
(panic/fear) and Deimos(terror/dread) who, in Greek mythology,accompanied their father Ares, god
of war, into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romains.It is possible that Mars may have moons
smaller than 50–100 meters and a dust ring between Phobos and Deimos, but none have been
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Essay on Mercury Poisoning
Mercury Poisoning
The article "Our Preferred Poison" in the March 2005 issue of Discover magazine brings up the
issue dealing with mercury poisoning. The author, Karen Wright, writes, "Mercury is unimaginably
toxic and dangerous. A single drop on a human hand can be irreversibly fatal. A single drop in a
large lake can make all the fish in it unsafe to eat." This was the opening statement in the article
which first grabbed my attention, because I had not thought mercury to be such a deadly substance.
After all, it is used in thermometers, so I hadn't thought it to be as fatally toxic as Wright claims it to
be.
The people with the most risk of damage by mercury are unborn fetuses and children. Studies seem
to show that the metal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article describes briefly how the mercury ends up in the fish we eat, how the rain grabs the
mercury from the atmosphere and deposits it into the lakes and oceans. Because of the food chain,
the largest of the aquatic animals will have the highest amount of mercury, whales and sharks for
example. So, communities high in whale and shark consumption will show the greatest risk of
mercury poisoning.
Wright does not discuss the consumption of mercury through the silver/mercury filling vapors very
much. She only points out that people with more fillings have shown to have more mercury content
in their urine, with the dentists having performed the fillings having two to fives times as much.
Mercury can also be found in the compound called thimerosal, which is used as a preservative for
vaccines. Not long ago, when this information was introduced to the public, there was a scare which
caused a decline in the amount of vaccines given to young children. To me, not vaccinating a child
seems more dangerous than exposing the child to a trace amount of mercury. The article states how
the FDA has been trying to ban the use of thimerosal, which they have been successful in doing in
most drugs, besides the flu vaccine.
The article brings up many concerns dealing with mercury poisoning, a lot of things I had do idea
existed. It almost scared me a little, maybe that's what the author had intended when writing
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Mercury: The Fastest Planet In The Solar System
Thesis:
Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet in the solar system, has the fastest orbital period in our
universe at 88 days fast.
Introduction:
There are many planets in our solar system, but one of the more fascinating planets is Mercury.
Mercury has been part of our solar system for more than a billion years. Mercury is the closest
planet to the sun and has many features and facts about it. Mercury orbits around the sun in 88 earth
days, less than half the days it takes earth to orbit around the sun(National Geographic, 2016).
Mercury has also gone through many changes in its time as one of the eight planets in our solar
system. These are some of the important background facts I will be discussing later in this research
paper. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of this temperature drop, Mercury's craters reveal ice materializing in pits and swirls that
are still frozen(Witze, 2015). This shows how Mercury has many differences in temperature despite
being so close to the sun. In photos taken in 2015 by NASA, huge scrapes are revealed on the
planet's surface. This is because Mercury has gone through many weather conditions(Witze, 2015).
Conclusion:
Mercury is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system. It is the closest planet to the sun
in our solar system and has a very short orbitational period. Mercury has a very rough and rugged
surface, has temperatures that range from 806 to –292 degrees fahrenheit, and has the biggest basin
in the solar system, the caloris basin. As a result, Mercury is the most innermost planet in the solar
system and scientist are still discovering new fascinating things about the planet
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Mercury : The Element Mercury
Mercury: The element mercury has the chemical symbol Hg; it is a silver colour and is a liquid at
room temperature. Mercury has a high density and surface tension and can easily break up into
small droplets. Mercury can dissolve some metals resulting in amalgams, metal alloys of mercury. It
is not soluble in water or most other liquids, but will dissolve in lipids (fats and oils). With
fluctuations in temperature, mercury expands and contracts evenly with these changes and is classed
as a non–combustible liquid. (Mercury characteristics) When mercury enters the environment from
emissions in the air, water or soil, it oxidises into other compounds of mercury. Both mercury and its
compounds have high acute (short–term) and have high chronic (long–term) toxicity on aquatic life.
Eating fish contaminated with mercury has caused poisoning in humans; birds and land animals
exposed in the same manner could also be subject to the same effects. Mercury and its compounds
are highly persistent in water and the environment and will bio accumulate or concentrate in the
tissues of fish. These concentrations will be considerably higher than the water from which the fish
is taken. Mercury chloride will act as a particle, following wind patterns, and being deposited by
rain. Elemental mercury may be a gas in the atmosphere. Emissions of mercury and or mercury
compounds can produce elevated, but still low–level concentrations in the atmosphere around the
source. Elemental mercury can
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Mercury And Its Effects On Mercury
Mercury is a heavy, silver–white, highly toxic metallic element. It is the only metallic element that
is liquid at room temperature. Mercury can be used in thermometers, pesticides, pharmaceutical
preparations, surfaces of mirrors, and dental fillings. There are several forms of mercury which
include elemental or metallic mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury
compounds. Elemental/metallic mercury is liquid at room temperature and turns into a colorless,
odorless gas when heated. (Mercury: Basic Information, 2014) Mercury is found both naturally and
as an introduced contaminant in the environment. Some of the natural sources of mercury are
volcanoes, forest fires, and fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. When coal is burned, mercury is
discharged into the environment. The largest human–caused source of mercury emissions into the air
in the United States are coal–burning power plants. Coal–burning power plants account for over
fifty percent of all domestic human–caused mercury emissions. (Mercury: Basic Information, 2014)
Other ways that mercury can be released into the environment are by burning hazardous wastes,
producing chlorine, and improper treatment/disposal of products that contain mercury. Mercury in
the air settles into the water or land, where it can be washed into water. When the mercury is
deposited, some organisms can change it into methyl mercury. Methyl mercury is a very toxic form
that builds up in fish, shellfish, and animals that
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Mercury Surface Essay
Mercury's surface is covered with impact craters, basaltic rock and smooth plains, many a
consequence of volcanic floods and pyroclastic deposits. Other important features of Mercury
include vents which seem to be the cause of magma–carved valleys. They are often grouped togther
in irregular–shaped depressions called "hollows" that are believed to be the aftermath of collapsed
magma chambers, and mineral deposits inside craters at the poles. It was long thought that Mercury
was geologically inactive however new evidence tells us there may be some level of life. The
atmosphere of Venus is primarily carbon dioxide, (96.5%). The remaining 3.5% is nitrogen. Old
evidence suggested sulfuric acid content in the atmosphere, but it is now known ... Show more
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As the tectonic rift opens and collapses, and ocean fills the basin. Convergent boundaries
(Destructive) (or active margins) occur wherever 2 plates slide toward one another to make either a
geological process zone (one plate moving beneath the other) or a continental collision. Earthquakes
then trace the trail of the downward–moving plate because it descends into layer, a trench forms,
and because the subducted plate part melts, rock rises to make continental volcanoes. Closure of
ocean basins will occur at continent–to–continent boundaries (e.g., the Himalaya and Alps):
collision between plenty of granitic continental lithosphere; neither mass is subducted; plate edges
ar compressed, folded, uplifted. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, that area unit thought to
be captured asteroids. every satellites were discovered in 1877 by astronomer and area unit named
once the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and satellite (terror/dread) UN agency, in mythology,
accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was mentioned as Mars to the Romans.
it's possible that Mars may have moons smaller than 50–100 meters and a mud ring between Phobos
and Deimon, but none has been
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Mercury Contamination
Mercury Mercury is a chemical element of heavy silver and white metal that is liquid at ordinary
temperatures. The main use of mercury is the making of thermometers and barometers. Sometimes
mercury is used as an electrode in the production of batteries. Mercury can be very toxic and
harmful to the human body. If inhaled it can cause destruction to the nervous, digestive, and immune
systems and can even be fatal. Mercury is found in many natural sources such as volcanos, forest
fires, and fossil fuels (coal and petroleum). Studies show power plants to be the largest source of
mercury in the United States. Humans can prevent mercury contamination in several ways. When
shopping for items such as thermometers, try to get them "mercury free."
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Mercury: Rocky, Gray Planet
Mercury is a rocky, gray planet that very closely resembles the Earth's Moon on the surface.
Mercury's surface is full of craters, boulders, and pulverized dust. Its many craters can be tiny or
massive. Mercury is geologically inactive, and has been for an extended amount of time. There is an
absence of weather on Mercury, and it does not have an atmosphere. Because it has no atmosphere,
it cannot control the variations in temperature from day to night, and the temperatures on the planet
can range from 90 Kelvin to 700 Kelvin. There are no signs of clouds, rivers (or any other body of
water), or dust storms on Mercury. What we know about Mercury and its surface is from
information brought back by Mariner 10 and the Messenger mission in the last few decades. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also includes small amounts of other gases, such as carbon monoxide, argon, neon, and helium.
The atmospheric pressure on Venus is over 90 times heavier than that on Earth. Over a thick layer of
carbon dioxide closest to the surface are layers of clouds of sulfuric acid, which have obstructed
Muggle attempts to observe Venus closely. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system, and this is
due to the effect of runaway greenhouse gases, which left a permanent mark on the planet's climate.
Venus's temperature ranges from –364 to 870 degrees Fahrenheit. Venus is one of the brightest
planets in the sky, and this is due in part to its clouds, which are highly
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Essay On Mercury Pollution

  • 1. Essay On Mercury Pollution Mercury pollution occurs from industrial sources such as mining, power plants and coal combustion centers. When mercury is released from the sources, it can travel halfway around the world before it ever enters into the waterways and contaminates the fish that we then eat. Through the trade of those fish, people in every continent are at risk for mercury pollution. Newborns are also at risk of mercury pollution due to the consummation of fish by their mothers, thousands of babies are at risk every year of impaired motor skills ("Reduce Mercury Pollution"). In order to reduce the pollutants of mercury we need to implement a policy to clean up sites already contaminated, limit the amounts discharged into the water and provide consumers on tips to reduce their exposure to it. My first step in decreasing the amount of mercury is to focus on the areas that are already contaminated. They would priority since the mercury would have had time to sit and settle and we would want to clean it up before it causes further harm. Some of the sites would be cleaned up under the EPA's superfund policy. One example of a site that is being cleaned up is the Carson River Mercury Site in Nevada. This is the former sites of mills and mining that have contaminated the soil, waterways and fish over a 50 mile stretch. Nevada at one time recommended that limited consumption of fish and duck from the river should be in effect. State and federal actions are being performed in order to excavate and remove the contaminated soils and they were sent to a mineral resource recovery facility. That action has already reduced the amount of exposure during the monitoring period and they plan to add a layer of clean topsoil to reduce the exposure to any mercury soil left behind. They have also worked in sampling 26 different developments for mercury affects and levels. They are working on figuring out the cost and benefit of cleaning up the rivers sediment to try to remove the mercury from the river, wetlands and reservoir. In the meantime short–term cleanup will be done in order to prevent threats to the population("Carson River Mercury Site"). The second step in my policy to reduce the mercury levels would be to limit the amount of discharge ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3. The Effects Of Methyl Mercury On Human Health 1.0 History of methyl mercury The first organic mercury compounds were studied in the 1800s, with serious incidences of methylmercury poisoning reported in 1865. Initial reports indicated a divergent symptoms associated with methyl mercury poisoning. The symptoms include: loss of coordination, tunnel vision, deafness, extremities, impaired speech and altered face sensation. Approximately a century later, contrary to the decreased environmental pollution, the clinical picture re–emerged. Therefore, development of more harm to human health was suspected. However, international agreement to control pollution by mercury was not reached until 2009. According to the historical evaluations made, the effects of methyl mercury toxicity such forgetfulness, lack of coordination and tunnel vision affected the research on environmental health. In 1914, methylmercury developed a commercial significance as it was used as a crop fungicide. However, the use of the fungicide globally, was accompanied by several incidences of food and workers poisoning. In the early 1950s the compound also emerged as an industrial contaminant around Minamata bay in Japan. The seafood contaminated, prompted a neurologic symptoms reflecting the incident reported in 1865. Epidemiologic data from Minamata, combined with a 1952 report from Sweden, showed further severe disease from early–life exposures. The symptoms of this exposures include: seizures, impaired motor development and mental retardation. The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4.
  • 5. Mercury: Transition Metal The element Mercury is a group 12, period 6 transition metal. Its atomic number is 80 and its atomic mass is 200.59. Mercury has a silvery, mirror–like appearance and is very dense. It weighs 13.6 times as much as the same volume of water (Blaszczak–Boxe, 2014). Mercury is the only common metal that remains a liquid at room temperature. Mercury is a monoatomic substance and is represented by the symbol Hg on the periodic table that comes from the Greek word hydrargyrum, which means "liquid silver". Because of its mobility, Mercury is also known as quicksilver and was named after the fastest moving plant in the solar system (Chemicool.com, 2012). The Lewis structure of mercury can be seen in Figure A. Mercury is rarely found in its pure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Because mercury is a good conductor of electricity, it can be found in certain types of electrical switches and can also be found in batteries and fluorescent lights. Additionally, mercury is used in thermometers and barometers due to its high density and compactness. However, because of safety concerns, consumer use of mercury is becoming less common. It's now mainly used by the chemical industry as a catalyst (Periodic Table, n.d.). Specifically, in the extraction of gold by forming alloys with gold through a process called amalgamation. When the two come in contact with each other, the gold dissolves into the mercury and the mercury is then distilled off and the gold is removed (Blaszczak–Boxe, 2014). Mercury can also form alloys with silver, zinc and cadmium, but not iron so it's often stored in iron containers (Chemicool.com, 2012). A compound of mercury, mercury nitrate, was used in the making of hats from animal pelts in the 18th century. The mercury nitrate was used to clean the pelts prior to manufacturing the hats. It was then discovered that numerous workers who were exposed to the mercury had suffered from brain damage, which coined the term "mad as a hatter" (Blaszczak–Boxe, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7. Mercury: A Potential Contaminant Essay Introduction: A fifteen year old boy abruptly became ill; he experienced fatigue, headaches, tingling limbs, weakness, and weight loss. The only information provided stated that he had been using an acne cream prescribed by a dermatologist as well as an over the counter "beauty cream" to deal with skin irritation. The doctors could not find the reason for the boy's illness, but interestingly a heavy metal was found in the boy's urine. What could possibly be the heavy metal and could it have caused such a severe reaction? The objective was to find the cause behind the sudden sickness of this 15 year old boy. In hopes of finding the cause for his sickness research, diagnostics, and analysis were used to solve the perplexing situation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In this paper further information on this heavy metal will be discussed including background information on mercury contamination, analytical techniques used to test for it, its causes and effects, and a case of mercury contamination in Miami. Background Information Calomel, mercury (I) chloride, is the inorganic compound that caused the adolescent's reaction. Mercury (a heavy metal) in inorganic compounds, such as mercury (I) chloride is toxic and has side effects that include vomiting, paleness, difficulty–breathing, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Mercury, represented by symbol Hg, is a naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust. It is the only metal that is a liquid at standard temperatures and pressure. It is a heavy silver transition metal, with an atomic weight of 200.59 and atomic number 80. Mercury is found in the air, water, and soil; it can exist as metallic mercury, inorganic or organic mercury compounds. Metallic mercury is stable; it is barely reactive with its surrounding. Also, mercury has a high boiling point and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Due to its distinctive physical properties mercury is commonly used in thermometers, barometers, light bulbs, and other scientific instruments. Historically, mercury has been circulating as early as 1500 BC in Egyptian Tombs. Mercury has been utilized to treat all kinds of sicknesses including yellow fever and malaria in the 1500s. During the 1800s ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8.
  • 9. Mercury And Its Effects On The Earth As humans continue to live on Earth the climate is changing which is melting the Polar Ice Caps along with rising sea levels. Due to these changes to Earths Climate over the next millennia Earths lands may disappear and be taken over completely by the ocean. The human population is also constantly increasing and we need more space to survive. What can we do to survive? Where can we go? This film Deadliest Planets on YouTube will help us to explore our options. This video looks at 6 other Planets that may or may not be possibilities of sustaining life. The first planet was Mercury. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and one day on mercury lasts up to 58 days on Earth due to its slow rotation. There is one positive aspect of Mercury, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... There were no tree ferns or any plants at all. Venus was covered in dry desert with Volcanoes. This planet would not be able to sustain human life. There are a few other reasons why Venus cannot sustain human life. One of them is because of a huge cloud that surrounds Venus. This cloud is made up of corrosive acid, which is due to the sulfur from volcanic eruptions on Venus. The second reason is because the atmosphere pressure on Venus is also ninety times stronger than it is on earth, which is strong enough to crush a car. The third and final reason we would not be able to live on Venus is because the atmosphere of Venus is nearly all Carbon Dioxide, which makes the temperatures over nine hundred degrees Fahrenheit. The next planet the video looked at was Mars. Mars does have a chance that it may be able to sustain human life. Mars is the one planet that most resembles planet Earth. A day on Mars is almost the same length as a day on Earth. Mars also resembles Earth because it has deserts, mountains, and canyons. There has also been a recent discovery of water on Mars underneath the surface. However, there are disadvantages to Mars. Mars has no magnetic field, so therefore solar radiation can get to the surface. Radiation is a huge problem for trying to sustain life on Mars; it will kill people and destroy their DNA. Currently, Scientists are ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11. Mercury Geology The geology of Mercury is similar to the geology of the Moon. Although, Mercury is a much denser planet with a larger liquid iron core. The surface of Mercury is covered by impact craters. Although, only 55% of the Mercury has been mapped in enough detail to see its geology. Some of the largest craters were filled with lava from Mercury's interior. Craters on Mercury can be small bowl–shaped pockets, or huge impact craters. The largest crater on Mercury is the Caloris Basin. There have been about 15 large impact basins that have been identified on Mercury. Just like the Moon, the larger craters have bright rays of material; it's brighter because it hasn't been as weathered by impacts. One of the unique places on Mercury are the regions around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Natural or human–made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset–split into pieces and carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. As the plates alternately jam and jump against each other, earthquakes rattle through a wide boundary zone. The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. The lithosphere is divided into 15 major tectonic plates: the North American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian, Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12.
  • 13. Mercury Pollution How is mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems an environmental issue in Australia? Introduction to mercury contamination: Mercury is a naturally occurring element, which is released from the earth's crust through a number of pathways. For instance, natural erosion of mercury containing rocks enable its transportation into the air and be washed off to waterways. Volcanic eruptions and geothermal activity also release mercury. Therefore, there are natural background levels of mercury. However, anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions following the industrial revolution has increased its mobilisation into the environment, consequencing in elevated levels of mercury in the atmosphere, soils, fresh–waters and oceans. In Australia, it is stated that natural sources contribute to 93% of total mercury emissions in Australia. Nevertheless, an important limitation to such modelled statics is the fact that they are unable to taken into account the percentage of those natural emissions that are actually mercury originating from anthropogenic sources being re–emitted. On a global scale, it is stated that while 10% of the total mercury emissions into the atmosphere annually is from natural sources and 30% is of anthropogenic origins, 60% of it is re–emission and re–mobilisation. Such re–emission results from the natural conversion of deposited inorganic and organic forms of mercury to elemental mercury, which is evaporative and thus readily returns to the air during forest ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15. Mercury Surface Geology Essay Mercury – Surface Geology Mercury's surface is heavily cratered. There are two distinct types of craters that can be observed on Mercury's surface; the more common impact crater – formed during asteroid impact, and pit craters – formed from the collapse of subterranean magma chambers. The former, impact craters, are typically more circular in shape and are accompanied by high ridges around the perimeter of the impact where debris from the impact was ejected. The latter, pit craters, are more irregular in shape and do not have the perimeter ridges. On the smoother plains of the surface compression folds can be seen, these are thought to be caused by the cooling of Mercury's core causing the surface to contract. The surface of Mercury consists of dark porous rock and because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Obduction – Where the Continental Plate runs under the Oceanic Plate causing oceanic ridges to form. Orogenic – Where two continental Plates push upwards against each other causing mountain ranges. Transform boundaries – where the plates are moving across each other This can cause minor earthquakes to occur (however not as powerful as earthquakes caused by Subduction). Mars Mars has two moons in it's orbit, Phobos and Deimos. Phobos, the larger of the two moons, is significantly larger that its counterpart, Deimos, with roughly 6 times the mass. Both moons have a near circular orbit around Mars' equator, however Phobos' orbit is much closer to the surface – so close it actually interacts with Mars's atmosphere. Due to this interaction Phobos is in a decaying orbit that will likely lead to a collision with its owner in the relatively near future. It is still unclear as to the origins of Phobos and Deimos, the most popular theories are listed below with ; Capture Theory – Asteroids captured by Mars' gravitational influence. Explains why moon composition is different from parent ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16.
  • 17. Freddie Mercury Research Paper Most people know the name "Freddie Mercury", who was best known as the lead singer of "Queen". In 70's and 80's rock, he was known as one of the greatest performers and still leaves a name in popular music today. His life spanned from 1945–1991, which ended short from AIDS complications. Within his musical career, Freddie was a Jack–of–all–Trades being a singer, songwriter, instrumentalist (piano and guitar), performer and a record producer. His 4–octave vocal range is from a bass low to a soprano high (from F2 to F6), also he wrote many of Queen's greatest hits. His live performances were known from around the world, with one music critic saying "Those who compile lists of Great Rock Front–men and award the top spots to Mick Jagger, Robert Plant, etc. all are guilty of a terrible oversight. Freddie, as evidenced by his Dionysian Live Aid performance, was easily the most godlike of them all." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Along with this he is also an important figure in AIDS history and was officially named on several lists of influential persons. For those who haven't heard Freddie Mercury or Queen, they'll be asking this question. Why are there so many tributes? What made his music so popular? To answer these questions, we must go back to Freddie Mercury's life: both career and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19. How Do Mercury Enter The Environment Mercury has been under strict examination in recent years. This is because of the fact that the existence of mercury in the environment can be toxically harmful to all living organisms. Mercury is generally spread through the environment, and affects a number of environmental factors. Though mercury has many uses and includes special properties, it has produced more destruction than aid to the civilization throughout the years. The presence of mercury in the environment is a well–known concern for many. The full effects that mercury can have are still being revealed to this day. There are numerous means in which mercury can enter the environment. Early stages of mercury arise both naturally and anthropogenic, and can be naturally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As long as the fish continue to be exposed to mercury, mercury will continually build up in fish's bodies. Fish that eat other fish grow even more highly tainted. Therefore, the fish most desirable for many additional bigger fishes become the most affected, and larger sized fish will be the most contaminated fish. Bacteria and chemical reactions in lakes and wetlands change the mercury into a much more toxic form known as methyl mercury. Fish become contaminated with methyl mercury by eating food, which has absorbed methyl mercury. The environment is at a serious risk because of the levels of mercury in our water supply. Mercury will contaminate the fish and other wild life around the tainted water ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20.
  • 21. Essay on Mercury: A toxic poison Mercury: A toxic poison No other metal better illustrates the diversity of effects caused by different chemical species than does mercury. On the basis of chemical speciation, there are three forms of mercury: elemental, inorganic, and organic compounds. The major source of mercury is the natural degassing of the earth's crust, including land areas, rivers, and the ocean, and this source is estimated to produce on the order of 2700 to 6000 tons per year. The total man made release into the atmosphere is about 2000 to 3000 tons, and it is difficult to assess what quantities of mercury come from human activities and what quantities from natural resources. Run–off into natural bodies of water may contain mercury ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Metallic mercury may be oxidized to inorganic divalent mercury, particularly in the presence of organic material such as in the aquatic environment. Divalent inorganic mercury may, in turn be reduced to metallic mercury when conditions are appropriate for reducing reactions to occur. A potential source of alkyaltion of divalent mercury is methylation to dimethyl mercury by anaerobic bacteria. Methyl mercury is of major toxicology significance. If it is taken up into the food chain by fish, it may eventually cycle through humans or it may diffuse into the atmosphere and return to the earth's crust or to bodies of water as methyl mercury in rainfall1. The Japanese Tragedy The steadily mounting environmental contamination by mercury was ignored until a tragic series of events occurred in Japan. In the beginning many cats were seen to dance in the small fishing villages along Minamata Bay on Kyushu Island. They clearly were mad, because they screamed incessantly and often ended their dance and their lives by flinging themselves into the sea. This activity was first observed in 1953, and by 1960 the nervous tremors that preceded the dance were familiar not only in cats, but also in birds, fish, pigs, and dogs. A greater terror was aroused as human beings were also stricken, often several members of one family. Fearing that they might have a shameful infectious disease, the poor fisherman kept their tragedy to themselves for 3 ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23. Mercury: The Creation Of The Caloris Basin The surface of Mercury The most notable thing about the surface of Mercury are the many craters. Since the planet has a very thin atmosphere, clashes with comets and asteroids caused a lot of damage. Some craters are formed billion years ago, others are younger. These craters can be very deep, and their size ranges from a single meters to multiple kilometres. The Caloris Basin, the largest crater of Mercury, has a diameter of no less than 1,500 kilometres. A terrain of hills and mountains on the other side of the planet is believed to be caused by a shock wave generated by the impact the creation of the Caloris Basin had. Another feature of the planet are the "ghost craters". These are former craters that are filled with volcanic material from volcanos that exploded a few billion years ago. The outline is still marked by ridges that form circles. One can also find highlands, mountains, plains and valleys on Mercury. The climate on Venus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The average surface temperature is 500 degrees Celsius. An important reason for this high temperature are the clouds on the planet. From a distance they look similar to the clouds on Earth, but instead of water the clouds on Venus are made up of carbon dioxide. By absorbing infra–red light this greenhouse gas keeps the planet hot. Since Venus is also tilted with 23,4 degrees (Earth only with 2,7 degrees), seasons don't exist at Venus. Everywhere at every time of the year the planet has almost the same high temperature. It is believed that Venus once had a climate like Earth, but it is still unknown how and why the greenhouse effect took ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24.
  • 25. The Effects Of Mercury In The Great Lakes The Effects of Mercury and its Appearance in the Great Lakes While liquid gold may be a modern allegory for something desirable, there is another liquid metal that is quite the opposite of desirable. Mercury is an unusual metal in that in its standard elemental form it is a liquid. Due to the increase in industry over the last 100 years, Mercury levels have risen, which cause serious damage to humans. There are three different chemical forms that mercury exists in and each has a specific effect on human health, however for the purpose of this paper only two will be talked about. The first is elemental mercury (Hg), which also called metallic mercury. In this form the primary health effect is when it is breathes as vapor where it can be absorbed through the lungs. Symptoms of this kind include tremors, emotional changes, insomnia, neuromuscular changes, headaches, disturbances in sensations, changes in nerve responses, and performance deficits on tests of cognitive functions. At higher doses there can be kidney effects, respiratory failure, and even death. In this form it is emitted into the air from coal–fired power plants, waste incinerators, smelting plants, which is by far the leading man–made source of mercury in the Great Lakes. It is released into the air and transported by air currents and will eventually fall and be deposited in soil or water. This is particularly important to the people living in Michigan because in Detroit the mercury found in rain has been ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
  • 27. Mercury Pollution Consequences of Mercury Pollution Coming in Contact with Mercury People can come in contact with mercury in a number of ways. There is increased risk of mercury exposure in the dental, health and chemical industries. People are also at risk of consuming an unsafe amount of mercury if they eat certain things in excess amounts, such as more than 6 ounces of albacore tuna per week, or over 12 ounces of fish like shrimp, canned tuna, salmon, pollock or catfish. Exposure to mercury can cause brain damage, kidney damage, lung damage and various digestive system problems (McCoy). Perhaps the person most vulnerable to mercury poisoning is the pregnant woman and her unborn fetus. Trauma caused to infants and children as a result of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Conclusion The impacts of mercury pollution on the Earth are huge. It starts by affecting wildlife and fish and then those things are consumed by humans. There is severe brain damage that is occurring and drastically affecting society's general IQ and earning power. The progression of society in some cultures is being halted because of this pollution. There have been a lot of governmental meetings regarding the subject, but little has changed. It seems as if there needs to be a great deal more of legislation regarding the matter. Galbraith, Kate. "If Mercury Pollution Knows No Borders, Neither Can Its Solution."New York Times. New York Times, 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. . Kennedy, Robert F., and Marc A. Yaggi. "Mercury Poisoning Is a Growing Global Menace We Have to Address." The Guardian. N.p., 10 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. . McCoy, Krisha. "Mercury Toxicity." Mercury Toxicity. Lifescript, 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. . Sunderland, Elsie M., and Noelle E. Selin. "Future Trends in Environmental Mercury Concentrations: Implications for Prevention Strategies." Environmental Health. Environmental Health, 7 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. . Visser, Nick. "Amazon Natives In Peru Far More Susceptible To Mercury From Gold Mines, Study Finds." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 10 Sept. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28.
  • 29. The Planet Of Planet Mercury Introduction The planet Mercury is very difficult to study from the Earth because of its proximity to the Sun. It is the second smallest planet (it was believed to be the smallest until the discovery that Pluto is actually much smaller than originally thought), and also the fastest in its orbit since it is the innermost planet. Solar System Records Highest uncompressed density. Highest diurnal variation in temperature. Only Solar System object with a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance. it rotates on its axis exactly three times for every two revolutions it makes around the Sun Geological history ended the earliest among terrestrial planets. Smallest planet with global magnetic field. Most Earth–like magnetosphere. Name Named after the Roman messenger god who was known for his ability to travel quickly with wings on his feet. Mercury travels in orbit the shortest time of all planets Distance From The Sun Mercury is located 57, 910, 000km (0.38AU) from the Sun. Mercury is the inner most planet in our solar system. Orbit The orbit of Mercury is the most eccentric of the planets in the solar system. At perihelion it is 46,001,200km from the Sun At aphelion it is 69,816,200km from the Sun A difference of 23,815,700km giving it an eccentricity of 0.21 Orbit Mercury is the only object Solar System with a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance. This means it rotates on its axis exactly three times for every two revolutions it makes around the Sun The length of a day on Mercury 58.63 Earth days. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30.
  • 31. Mercury Pollution Introduction to mercury contamination: Mercury is a naturally occurring element, which is released from the earth's crust through a number of pathways. For instance, natural erosion of mercury containing rocks enable its transportation into the air and be washed off to waterways. Volcanic eruptions and geothermal activity also release mercury. Therefore, there are natural background levels of mercury. However, anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions following the industrial revolution has increased its mobilisation into the environment, consequencing in elevated levels of mercury in the atmosphere, soils, fresh–waters and oceans. In Australia, it is stated that natural sources contribute to 93% of total mercury emissions in Australia. Nevertheless, an important limitation to such modelled statics is the fact that they are unable to taken into account the percentage of those natural emissions that are actually mercury originating from anthropogenic sources being re–emitted. On a global scale, it is stated that while 10% of the total mercury emissions into the atmosphere annually is from natural sources and 30% is of anthropogenic origins, 60% of it is re–emission and re–mobilisation. Such re–emission results from the natural conversion of deposited inorganic and organic forms of mercury to elemental mercury, which is evaporative and thus readily returns to the air during forest fires and other natural events, producing a continuous global mercury cycle in the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32.
  • 33. Mercury Informative Speech Alien: Hey guys I am Buzzsonic I love Mercury!!!!!!! And I am going to tell you all about it. Did you know that Mercury has extreme seasons. The temperature range is 801 degrees fahrenheit to – 297 degrees fahrenheit . Alien: Mercury has less gravity on it so if you weighed 100 pounds on earth you would weigh 38 pounds on Mercury. So you would be super light on Mercury compared to Earth. Alien: Mercury has a very thin atmosphere. I have only found a trace of atmosphere on Mercury. Also mercury has no weather. It has no erosion or plate tectonics. Alien: Mercury has short years long days . The years our 88 days. Also the days our 58 days. That is a very long day. I would hate to have a birthday on that planet. Mercury has a mass of 3.285*10^23 ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34.
  • 35. Mercury: Transition Metal Mercury is a transition metal that is also known as "quicksilver." No one is sure who discovered this element. Mercury has been used since ancient times; the Chinese, Egyptians, and the Hindus have been known to use mercury. In 1500 B.C. mercury was found in ancient Egyptian tombs. There also has been writings found that have said "liquid–silver" and "water–silver" written by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C. The Greeks referred mercury as hydragyrum. The romans modified this name to Hg which is how we got the element symbol for mercury. The modern name for this element came from the alchemists. They got this name by observing the element's rapid, liquid flow and then named it after the fastest moving planet, mercury. Mercury is a highly ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36.
  • 37. Mercury Planet Research Paper You are now ready to explore every planet in our solar system. You will learn tons of cool facts about each planet. This will also teach you about where the names of our planets came from and what the planet is known for. Mercury and its speed. In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery. The planet got its name because of how fast it moves. One year in mercury is 88 days, which means it revolves around the Sun in 88 days. Not only that but Mercury is the closest planet to The Sun. It is also known as the 2nd hottest planet. Mercury has no moons though because of how close it is to The Sun. 2. Venus and its heat. In geek Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The planet is called Venus because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of agriculture and wealth. Saturn's ring very big. What the rings are made of is ice rocks and water. Saturn also has 53 moons. A interesting fact about Saturn is it takes 10,756 Earth days, to complete one revolution around the sun. Saturn's Surface is completely made out of gas. 7. Uranus and it's ice Uranus is the seventh planet closest to the sun. Uranus is the ancient Greek deity of the Heavens, the earliest supreme god.The color of Uranus is bright blue. Uranus is always very cold and windy. One Day in Uranus is 17 hours. Uranus also complete a full orbit around the sun in about 84 earth years. Like all gas planets Uranus has some rings. Uranus has about ten small moons and five big ones. Uranus is known for how cold it is. It's basically filled with gases but mainly ice. Something about Uranus is really doesn't have an actual surface it kind of has rocky and icy water fluids. 8. Neptunes wind and Sea. Finally Neptune is the 8th planet from The Sun, or known as the last. In Roman mythology Neptune is the god of Sea. Not only does it have ice, water and rocks but it is also the windiest planet. Neptune also has tons of storms all around it's atmosphere. Neptune's winds can also be three times stronger than Jupiter's and nine times stronger than Earth's. Neptune has has a total of 14 moons. It takes about 165 earth years for Neptune to orbit once around The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38.
  • 39. Mercury Surface Geology Mercury's most prominent feature is its surface geology. It's almost like the moon, with extensive mare–like plains and heavy cratering, showing that the planet has been geologically inactive for billions of years. Craters range in diameter from bowl–shaped cavities to multi–ringed impact basins hundreds of kilometers across. One of the largest crater is the Caloris Basin, with the diameter of 1,550 km. The impact was so powerful that it caused lava eruptions and a concentrated ring over 2 km tall surrounding the basin to form. There are two distinct regions of plains on Mercury. These plains occur between the crater impacts and they bear a strong resemblence to the lunar maria. From the MESSENGER spacecraft, we were able to see that there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The seven major tectonic plates comprise mostly on continental plates and the Pacific plate. The seven major plates from greatest to least are called: the Pacific Plate stretching 103,300,000 km2, North American Plate being 75,900,000 km2, Eurasian Plate being 67,800,000 km2, African Plate stretching 61,300,000 km2, Antarctic Plate being 60,900,000 km2, Australian Plate being 47,000,000 km2, and the South American Plate being 43,600,000 km2. With different tectonic plates, there are different ways they can move: divergent, convergent, and transform. Divergent plate movement is when both plates moving away from each other, creating a canyon that has magma pushing out from the bottom, forming new ground. Convergent is usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate are moving into one another, causing the oceanic plate to subducts into the mantle. This causes move active volcanos and earthquakes. Even though all of the plates are in the lithosphere, it's only the where Earth is flexible enough to move rather than flow. The lithosphere flexes when loads of weight are placed on it or ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40.
  • 41. Sources of Mercury and Health Effect Sources of Mercury and Health Effect Mercury is a naturally occurring element found in the earth's crust that can be found as the elemental or metallic mercury or in many organic and inorganic compounds. Mercury is a metal that when at room temperature is a silvery liquid metal and is often called one of the "heavy metals." Mercury can evaporate like water, and become airborne. It is an element that does not break down into a less toxic substance. Once mercury escapes into the environment it will continue to circulate in and out of the atmosphere until it ends up at the bottoms of lakes and oceans. It cannot be created or destroyed (UWM, 2004). The most common or leading source of mercury in the environment is atmospheric deposition. Once mercury has reached the atmosphere it can circulate for years which make up for the extensive distribution in the environment. The natural sources that contribute to atmospheric mercury are volcanoes, geologic deposits of mercury, weathering of rocks and volatilization from the ocean. Rocks, sediments, water and soil also naturally contain small amounts of mercury; scientists have even found some local mineral occurrences and thermal springs that are natural high in mercury (USGS, 2009). Secondary sources of mercury result from burning fossil fuels and smelting metals. Mercury is also a by–product of gold and zinc mining. Mercury is also found in many rocks one of them being coal, when coal is burned in power plants the mercury is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42.
  • 43. Mercury: Found In Different Chemical Forms Mercury, the only metal which can be found in liquid form at room temperature, is a heavy, silvery– white d–block element. Mercury exists in different chemical forms: elemental (or metallic), inorganic, and organic. Methylmercury, the most predominant form of organic mercury, is the form that poses a risk through fish consumption. Another organic mercury compound, ethylmercury, is a metabolite from thimerosal. Since the 1930's, thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight, has been used as a preservative to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination in vaccines. It wasn't until the late 1990's that concerns were raised about exposure to ethylmercury, especially for infants who receive many vaccinations within their first year of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Elemental mercury, which is a liquid at room temperature is less toxic than inorganic or organic bound mercury. However, it can easily evaporate. Breathing in large amounts can cause harm. Inorganic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen. Mercury salts can cause toxic effects if they are ingested. The high toxicity of mercuric ions can be explained by the high affinity to sulfhydryl groups of amino acids, which are building blocks for enzymes. In organic mercury compounds, mercury is covalently bound to carbon. Organic mercury is the most dangerous form of mercury to human health. The most common organic mercury compound in the environment is methylmercury which bioaccumulates in fish and can be harmful if ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 44.
  • 45. How Does Mercury Affect The Body Mercury, when one hears the word they man instantly think of fish or that old timey class thermometer. Mercury is an element that is found within different regions of the world and can be in inorganic forms such as metallics (Bernhoft 2011). Yet people seem to forget and realize the true harm that come from the chemical itself. However there is one thing that people forget when dealing with any type of metal, it can be a vapor, yes mercury can be vapor (Bernhoft 2011). Rather, in fact, that is another way that many people get sick from mercury because it is in the air and can get into our systems in multiple different ways. However mercury can affect people differently depending upon how much mercury goes into the system and how it goes in (Bernhoft 2011). However the debate as to how the mercury truly affects the body is contervital, it is known that it can cause major damage to many different organs, however it can cause the most damage to the brain. While the amount of damage done depends upon the dosages, if there is a large dosage it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Atmospheric exposures come from volcanic eruptions, coal burning, and through mining, then the mercury goes through a cycle such as the nitrogen cycle and then settles into the ocean (Bernhoft 2011). As the mercury settles into the water the small creatures with the water, and people ingest the fish containing mercury and can cause major damage to people and pregnant women (Bernhoft 2011). Although exposure usually occurs with the atmospheric reasoning, but there are other parts of the human body that can be affected such as the kidneys, skin, breast etc. (Bernhoft 2011). However there are many different ways that mercury can be taken out of a person's body, that being through urination, and many large amounts come out through sweat and saliva (Bernhoft ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 46.
  • 47. Mercury Surface Research Paper Mercury's surface is very rocky and covered in boulders and pulverized dust. The surface is also filled with craters. The planet is a grey color. It is the smallest planet but very dense. The surface of Mercury is very similar to the surface of the moon, but Mercury has more smooth plains. On Mercury you will not find any clouds, dust storms, rivers or any other sign of weather. The planets magnetic field keeps any winds away from it. Mercury has a mainly iron rich core. The planet will always be facing the sun on one side, lighting up half of its surface. The side facing the sun is very hot, while the side not facing the sun gets very cold. There is absolutely no sign of anything living on Mercury, and there has not been any for a long time. Venus' atmosphere is made up of mostly carbon dioxide and some nitrogen. There are also traces of carbon monoxide, argon, helium and neon on the planet. All of these elements make Venus' atmospheric pressure more then 90 percent heavier then the Earth. Closest to the surface is a layer of carbon dioxide, which is covered by a layer of clouds which makes it hard to make out the planet. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The three major types of tectonic plates are divergent, subduction and transform. Divergent plates tend to move apart from each other. Subduction plates are when oceanic plate moves under a continental plate. This can cause volcanos to erupt and large sized earthquakes. Transform plates slide back and forth against one another. The Lithosphere consists of the Earths crust and uppermost mantle. The North American plate and the South American plate are the major plates of the lithosphere. The lithosphere also consists of the Pacific plate, the African plate and the Eurasian plate. The Pacific plate is the only major plate that is mainly underwater and is also the largest plate in the lithosphere. The Earth was once one large continental body called Pangea, before the plates started ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 48.
  • 49. Mercury Contamination In Costa Rica Literature Review The Background of Mercury Initially, my research was primarily focused on the issue of heavy metal pollution and its integral parts, before delving into finding the problems it causes further down the line. Audrey Haynes' dissertation, 'Mercury Contamination in Costa Rica' (2012), was the most prominent reliable source of data that I discovered, having been written by a university student, who had travelled to Costa Rica herself to collect data which had then been peer reviewed before publishing. Not only this, but she also worked alongside other academics and scientists currently studying the problem to further increase the validity of the research, therefore making the dissertation a balanced and informative source. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Many of my sources including 'Methyl Mercury – The Danger from the Sea' (Protect the sharks, 2012) offer data and detailed explanations as to why it is so toxic to us as humans and the extreme problems it can cause to the human body. As mammals, we cannot manage mercury levels in our system because it is not naturally occurring in our environment, meaning we have not adapted to cope with is causing us to suffer various negative side effects when ingesting mercury. Methyl mercury is 1000 times more toxic than organic mercury (Protect the sharks, 2012) which is an alarming statistic considering the fact human tissue assimilates almost 100% of methyl mercury. According to Dr. Jane Hightower, although there is no 'safe' level of chronic mercury exposure, for reasons currently thought to be related to genetics, some people have higher tolerances to methyl mercury than others. This means reactions to the substance can vary in severity on wide scale. 'The Effect of Fish Consumption on Blood Mercury Levels of Pregnant Women' (Euy Hyuk Kim et al, 2006) explains that once the methyl mercury is ingested, usually through the consumption of fish, initial signs of the poisoning include numbness of the hands and feet, general weakness of the muscles, loss of peripheral vision and damage to hearing and speech. However within the course of only a few weeks the effects of the poisoning can dramatically worsen to anything between the development of type 2 diabetes, infertility (especially in men), immune dysfunction, an increase in coronary heart disease and heart attacks or strokes, mutations leading to cancer, dysphagia, visual impairments, insanity (hence the term mad as a hatter) and neuropsychiatric damage being the worst. The neurological problems tend to originally show themselves in the form of ataxia earlier on in the timeline of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 50.
  • 51. Mercury and Commercial Salmon Commercial salmon is an important source of nutrition for humans in both urban populations and aboriginal peoples. However, mercury contamination in salmonids has been a rising concern not only for the health of humans but for the health of wildlife and ecosystems that are affected by it. Mercury is distributed widely through the environment through natural processes, but anthropogenic processes have been increasing mercury concentrations in the environment to dangerous levels through direct deposition in soil and through atmospheric deposition. In this essay, I will review the processes in which mercury circulated through the ecosystems, how salmon is affected by it, and how the consumption of salmon affects human health. About Salmonids Salmonids is a group of species classified under the family Salmonidae. Salmonidae consists of 5 genera and 14 species primarily residing in the arctic. The family of salmonidae includes salmons, trouts, and chars. A few species of salmonidae discussed in this essay include the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerca), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Farrell and Steffensen, 2005). Overview of the Circulation of Mercury Inorganic mercury becomes deposited into the atmosphere and soil by both natural processes and anthropogenic processes. Natural processes include volcanic events, breakdown of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 52.
  • 53. Planet Mercury Research Paper Is Mercury A Volatile Planet? Introduction: In class, the lecture notes on the planet Mercury in section 11.1 "The Terrestrial Planets" is composed of a brief overview of the characteristics of the planet compared to other planets in our solar system. I became curious about Mercury due to the fact that it is the closest planet to the sun and decided to look further into the information that has been collected about Mercury. Search Log: Based on what I knew from the first journey entry I wrote, I decided to forgo using Google to find an article about Mercury. I went straight to the VCU Libraries website and typed Mercury into the search bar. I refined the results that were displayed by selecting to view only peer–reviewed articles. Then, I refined the search to include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... While MESSENGER was in orbit around Mercury, the Gamma–ray spectrometer indicated a ratio similar to Mars saying that Mercury is as volatile–rich as the other terrestrial planets. In the present study, newly obtained Gamma–ray spectrometer data along with data from the X–ray spectrometer on MESSENGER is being used to re–examine the volatile–element inventory of Mercury. Elements were directly measured by the MESSENGER instruments, which were used in calculations to make estimates on the composition of the interior of the planet. Based on the Gamma–ray spectrometer the ratios measured from the surface implies that Mercury is volatile rich compared to some other terrestrial planets. However, Mercury is the most reduced of the terrestrial planets and elements that typically behave as lithophile elements may behave differently in an oxygen–starved magmatic system like Mercury. In conclusion, even with the data that has been collected, scientists cannot declare Mercury to either volatile–rich or ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 54.
  • 55. Jack Morris. Mr. Cummins. Mercury. 03/06/17. Mercury.... Jack Morris Mr. Cummins Mercury 03/06/17 Mercury Introduction Hello! Today you will learn about the planet Mercury! YEAH!!! I hope you find Mercury quite interesting (just like I did when I was researching) and enjoy this presentation and have your minds blown... BOOM! Now, let 's gain some knowledge... Oh! One more thing, you might want to take some notes as I 'm reading this because they might come in handy later so get out those notebooks or post–it–notes or what ever. Ok, Now let 's gain some knowledge. Mercury's Surface Mercury doesn't have an atmosphere, so it can't contain the heat from the sun. Temperatures on the planet can reach 800 degrees fahrenheit (pretty darn hot!) and can reach 290 degrees below fahrenheit (brrrr!!!). As you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Well because the North Pole on Mercury (yes there is a North Pole on Mercury) never faces the sun. So it is very cold there. So they believe that ice could be on Mercury. Well why doesn't it just melt then? It's because temperatures there are about –161... celsius (about –258 fahrenheit). So I doubt that the ice can melt. So did that help you understand a little bit? What is Mercury made of Mercury is basicly just a giant ball of iron in space. Fun Facts About Mercury *If you stood on Mercury's surface you would weigh 38% less of your weight then here on Earth *No one knows who discovered Mercury. (hhhhhmmmmmmm) *As you may already know, Mercury has no rings or moons. Conclusion Well I hope you enjoyed this presentation and learned something interesting or just anything at all. I know I sure learned something while I was writing this and gathering information for this paper. I worked very hard on this. Now, remember when I told you to write notes?Well I hope you did because it's time for.....................QUESTIONS!!!! QUESTIONS!
  • 56. First... What is Mercury made of? Answer: Iron How big is Mercury in diameter? Answer: less than 3030 in diameter And who discovered Mercury? Answer: No one knows Works Cited "Astronomy For Kids." Astronomy For Kids – KidsAstronomy.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. . Contributor, Nola Taylor Redd Space.com. "How Big Is Mercury?" Space.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. . Dunford, Bill. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 58. Environmental Effects Of Mercury Pollution 1 1. Introduction Mercury pollution is omnipresent in marine ecosystems, and is present in water column, as well in benthic sediment. Mercury dispersal is a natural process, where mercury compounds are released from Earths' crust by volcano activity or by weathering the rocks (Ebinghaus et al, 1999). However, the concentration of mercury in the environment, both in air and water ecosystems, has risen dramatically after 1950 when intensified industrialisation occurred after World War II. This hazardous element, after being released from industrial plants, diffuses in rivers and eventually pollutes the oceans (EPA, Unites States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017). Once in the water, mercury ends to be bioaccumulated in tissue of marine organisms, where the intoxication from mercury in small or large doses provokes severe damages, particularly affecting central nervous system and induce chromosomal aberrations (Porto et al, 2005; Zahir et al, 2005). This prolonged exposure to mercury is more evident in animals placed higher in food chains, due to mercury biomagnification effect (Wyn,et al, 2009; Al–Reasi et al, 2007). Humans are especially sensitive to mercury toxic effects, being on the top of food webs (Barbaros et al, 2003; Lavoie et al, 2013). A wide range of industries use mercury or produce mercury waste during the manufacturing processes, however the major polluter are industry branches related to the production of gold (mining activities), fossils combustion, but ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 60. Mercury Surface Mercury The surface of Mercury is littered with craters. These craters are believed to have been created by collisions from debris. Mercurys' craters range from small circular craters to multi–ridged impact basin. These basin are formed either when there was a large collision followed by a few small collisions or from many smaller collisions. The largest known crater on Mercury is called the Caloris Basin. This crater has a diameter of approximately 1500 kilometres across and surprisingly resides in a rather flat part of Mercurys' surface. However we see that the full surface of Mercury is not cratered and that there is sections of Mercurys' surface that looks "untouched" – we call these sections smooth plains. These plains are not believed to have been created by volcanic activity on Mercurys' surface. Venus Venus' atmosphere and climate has been studied carefully as it is believed this is what our atmosphere may come to be in the future. With an atmosphere made up of approximately 96.5% carbon dioxide and 3.5% nitrogen it has an astonishing atmospheric pressure of about 1352 pounds per square inch – which is approximately 90 times that of Earths. Venus' climate is complicated as it varies largely across the planet. With temperatures of –364 degrees Fahrenheit and 870 degrees ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In general there are three types of boundary activity, the first in divergent this is where two plates are moving away from each other and therefore new land is being formed from the mantle underneath. The second is called subduction this occurs when two tectonic plates are moving towards each other – it is along these types of boundaries where mountain are generally found. The third and final type is called transform, this occurs when two plates are moving side by side and this is where earthquakes are normally ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 62. Surface Of Mercury Research Paper The surface of Mercury is very rocky, and has many pits and craters on it due to the large number of meteors that have collided with the surface over the years. According to all all observations that muggle spacecraft has made, the surface of Mercury is dead, with no signs of life or liquid water. This is largely due to its lack of atmosphere and extreme temperatures. Also due to the lack of atmosphere, Mercury has no weather or wind, and the surface has few distinguishing features such as riverbeds or dust storms. Much of the surface is similar to the surface of Earth's moon. Beneath the surface of mercury is a solid core, which is very rich in iron deposits. The core is large compared to the total size of the planet, the largest ratio of any planet or dwarf planet in our solar system. Venus has a very dramatic climate, it's atmosphere contains many greenhouse gasses and is the hottest planet in our solar system, despite the fact that it is further from the sun than Mercury. The atmosphere of Venus is mostly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The different tectonic plates rest on the mantle, a very hot layer of earth that is directly beneath the crust. There are seven major tectonic plates, their names are The Pacific Plate, The North American Plate, The Eurasian Plate, The African Plate, The Antarctic Plate, The Australian Plate, and The South American Plate. In addition to these major plates there are also many smaller tectonic plates that make up parts of the Earth's crust. When the boundaries between plates shift, this causes earthquakes. There are three types of movements that cause earthquakes. Divergent is when the plates move away from each other, Subduction is when one plate moves underneath another, and Transform is when the plates grind against each other. The lithosphere is another name for earth's crust and mantle, it is made up of all the tectonic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 64. Geology Of Mercury Essay Mercury – The geology of Mercury is similar to the geology of the Moon; although, Mercury is a much denser planet with a larger liquid iron core. The surface of Mercury is covered by impact craters and lava plains. It's believed that the surface of Mercury is geologically inactive; although, only 55% of the surface has been mapped in enough detail to see its geology. Some of the largest craters in this period were filled with lava from Mercury's interior. It's believed that vulcanism on Mercury ended during its first 700 800 million years. Craters on Mercury can be small bowl–shaped pockets, or huge impact craters hundreds of kilometers across. The largest crater on Mercury is the Caloris Basin, measuring 1,550 km. One of the unique places ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle.This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere. Four types of plate boundaries exist: Transform bounderies – occur where two lithospheric plates slide; Divergent bounderies – occur where two plates slide apart from each other; Convergent bounderies – occur where two plates slide toward each other; Plate boundery zones occur where the effects of the interactions are unclear. The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates.On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Mars – Mars has two moons Phobos and Deimos. which are thought to be captured asteroids. Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall and are named after the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos(terror/dread) who, in Greek mythology,accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romains.It is possible that Mars may have moons smaller than 50–100 meters and a dust ring between Phobos and Deimos, but none have been ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 66. Essay on Mercury Poisoning Mercury Poisoning The article "Our Preferred Poison" in the March 2005 issue of Discover magazine brings up the issue dealing with mercury poisoning. The author, Karen Wright, writes, "Mercury is unimaginably toxic and dangerous. A single drop on a human hand can be irreversibly fatal. A single drop in a large lake can make all the fish in it unsafe to eat." This was the opening statement in the article which first grabbed my attention, because I had not thought mercury to be such a deadly substance. After all, it is used in thermometers, so I hadn't thought it to be as fatally toxic as Wright claims it to be. The people with the most risk of damage by mercury are unborn fetuses and children. Studies seem to show that the metal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The article describes briefly how the mercury ends up in the fish we eat, how the rain grabs the mercury from the atmosphere and deposits it into the lakes and oceans. Because of the food chain, the largest of the aquatic animals will have the highest amount of mercury, whales and sharks for example. So, communities high in whale and shark consumption will show the greatest risk of mercury poisoning. Wright does not discuss the consumption of mercury through the silver/mercury filling vapors very much. She only points out that people with more fillings have shown to have more mercury content in their urine, with the dentists having performed the fillings having two to fives times as much. Mercury can also be found in the compound called thimerosal, which is used as a preservative for vaccines. Not long ago, when this information was introduced to the public, there was a scare which caused a decline in the amount of vaccines given to young children. To me, not vaccinating a child seems more dangerous than exposing the child to a trace amount of mercury. The article states how the FDA has been trying to ban the use of thimerosal, which they have been successful in doing in most drugs, besides the flu vaccine. The article brings up many concerns dealing with mercury poisoning, a lot of things I had do idea existed. It almost scared me a little, maybe that's what the author had intended when writing ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 68. Mercury: The Fastest Planet In The Solar System Thesis: Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet in the solar system, has the fastest orbital period in our universe at 88 days fast. Introduction: There are many planets in our solar system, but one of the more fascinating planets is Mercury. Mercury has been part of our solar system for more than a billion years. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and has many features and facts about it. Mercury orbits around the sun in 88 earth days, less than half the days it takes earth to orbit around the sun(National Geographic, 2016). Mercury has also gone through many changes in its time as one of the eight planets in our solar system. These are some of the important background facts I will be discussing later in this research paper. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Because of this temperature drop, Mercury's craters reveal ice materializing in pits and swirls that are still frozen(Witze, 2015). This shows how Mercury has many differences in temperature despite being so close to the sun. In photos taken in 2015 by NASA, huge scrapes are revealed on the planet's surface. This is because Mercury has gone through many weather conditions(Witze, 2015). Conclusion: Mercury is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system. It is the closest planet to the sun in our solar system and has a very short orbitational period. Mercury has a very rough and rugged surface, has temperatures that range from 806 to –292 degrees fahrenheit, and has the biggest basin in the solar system, the caloris basin. As a result, Mercury is the most innermost planet in the solar system and scientist are still discovering new fascinating things about the planet ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 70. Mercury : The Element Mercury Mercury: The element mercury has the chemical symbol Hg; it is a silver colour and is a liquid at room temperature. Mercury has a high density and surface tension and can easily break up into small droplets. Mercury can dissolve some metals resulting in amalgams, metal alloys of mercury. It is not soluble in water or most other liquids, but will dissolve in lipids (fats and oils). With fluctuations in temperature, mercury expands and contracts evenly with these changes and is classed as a non–combustible liquid. (Mercury characteristics) When mercury enters the environment from emissions in the air, water or soil, it oxidises into other compounds of mercury. Both mercury and its compounds have high acute (short–term) and have high chronic (long–term) toxicity on aquatic life. Eating fish contaminated with mercury has caused poisoning in humans; birds and land animals exposed in the same manner could also be subject to the same effects. Mercury and its compounds are highly persistent in water and the environment and will bio accumulate or concentrate in the tissues of fish. These concentrations will be considerably higher than the water from which the fish is taken. Mercury chloride will act as a particle, following wind patterns, and being deposited by rain. Elemental mercury may be a gas in the atmosphere. Emissions of mercury and or mercury compounds can produce elevated, but still low–level concentrations in the atmosphere around the source. Elemental mercury can ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 72. Mercury And Its Effects On Mercury Mercury is a heavy, silver–white, highly toxic metallic element. It is the only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury can be used in thermometers, pesticides, pharmaceutical preparations, surfaces of mirrors, and dental fillings. There are several forms of mercury which include elemental or metallic mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. Elemental/metallic mercury is liquid at room temperature and turns into a colorless, odorless gas when heated. (Mercury: Basic Information, 2014) Mercury is found both naturally and as an introduced contaminant in the environment. Some of the natural sources of mercury are volcanoes, forest fires, and fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. When coal is burned, mercury is discharged into the environment. The largest human–caused source of mercury emissions into the air in the United States are coal–burning power plants. Coal–burning power plants account for over fifty percent of all domestic human–caused mercury emissions. (Mercury: Basic Information, 2014) Other ways that mercury can be released into the environment are by burning hazardous wastes, producing chlorine, and improper treatment/disposal of products that contain mercury. Mercury in the air settles into the water or land, where it can be washed into water. When the mercury is deposited, some organisms can change it into methyl mercury. Methyl mercury is a very toxic form that builds up in fish, shellfish, and animals that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 74. Mercury Surface Essay Mercury's surface is covered with impact craters, basaltic rock and smooth plains, many a consequence of volcanic floods and pyroclastic deposits. Other important features of Mercury include vents which seem to be the cause of magma–carved valleys. They are often grouped togther in irregular–shaped depressions called "hollows" that are believed to be the aftermath of collapsed magma chambers, and mineral deposits inside craters at the poles. It was long thought that Mercury was geologically inactive however new evidence tells us there may be some level of life. The atmosphere of Venus is primarily carbon dioxide, (96.5%). The remaining 3.5% is nitrogen. Old evidence suggested sulfuric acid content in the atmosphere, but it is now known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As the tectonic rift opens and collapses, and ocean fills the basin. Convergent boundaries (Destructive) (or active margins) occur wherever 2 plates slide toward one another to make either a geological process zone (one plate moving beneath the other) or a continental collision. Earthquakes then trace the trail of the downward–moving plate because it descends into layer, a trench forms, and because the subducted plate part melts, rock rises to make continental volcanoes. Closure of ocean basins will occur at continent–to–continent boundaries (e.g., the Himalaya and Alps): collision between plenty of granitic continental lithosphere; neither mass is subducted; plate edges ar compressed, folded, uplifted. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, that area unit thought to be captured asteroids. every satellites were discovered in 1877 by astronomer and area unit named once the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and satellite (terror/dread) UN agency, in mythology, accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was mentioned as Mars to the Romans. it's possible that Mars may have moons smaller than 50–100 meters and a mud ring between Phobos and Deimon, but none has been ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 76. Mercury Contamination Mercury Mercury is a chemical element of heavy silver and white metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures. The main use of mercury is the making of thermometers and barometers. Sometimes mercury is used as an electrode in the production of batteries. Mercury can be very toxic and harmful to the human body. If inhaled it can cause destruction to the nervous, digestive, and immune systems and can even be fatal. Mercury is found in many natural sources such as volcanos, forest fires, and fossil fuels (coal and petroleum). Studies show power plants to be the largest source of mercury in the United States. Humans can prevent mercury contamination in several ways. When shopping for items such as thermometers, try to get them "mercury free." ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 78. Mercury: Rocky, Gray Planet Mercury is a rocky, gray planet that very closely resembles the Earth's Moon on the surface. Mercury's surface is full of craters, boulders, and pulverized dust. Its many craters can be tiny or massive. Mercury is geologically inactive, and has been for an extended amount of time. There is an absence of weather on Mercury, and it does not have an atmosphere. Because it has no atmosphere, it cannot control the variations in temperature from day to night, and the temperatures on the planet can range from 90 Kelvin to 700 Kelvin. There are no signs of clouds, rivers (or any other body of water), or dust storms on Mercury. What we know about Mercury and its surface is from information brought back by Mariner 10 and the Messenger mission in the last few decades. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It also includes small amounts of other gases, such as carbon monoxide, argon, neon, and helium. The atmospheric pressure on Venus is over 90 times heavier than that on Earth. Over a thick layer of carbon dioxide closest to the surface are layers of clouds of sulfuric acid, which have obstructed Muggle attempts to observe Venus closely. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system, and this is due to the effect of runaway greenhouse gases, which left a permanent mark on the planet's climate. Venus's temperature ranges from –364 to 870 degrees Fahrenheit. Venus is one of the brightest planets in the sky, and this is due in part to its clouds, which are highly ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...