Gene regulation differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in several key ways. In prokaryotes, DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus and transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and contained within the nucleus, where transcription occurs to produce RNA that is then transported to the cytoplasm for translation. Additionally, eukaryotes have multiple RNA polymerases and levels of gene expression regulation, whereas prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase and regulate gene expression primarily at transcription.

1. There are several ways in which the gene regulation in eukaryotes differ from that in
prokaryotes, as follows:
1. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms and do not have defined nucleus, therefore the DNA
resides in the cytoplasm. The gene regulation takes place in cytoplasm only i.e. simultaneous
transcription and translation.
Whereas, eukaryotes are Complex cell structure with a defined nucleus. The DNA is present in
nucleus where its transcription takes place into RNA. RNA passes into cytoplasm where its
translation takes place into protein.
2 Prokaryotes have naked DNA which are not associated with any protein or other substances to
affect gene regulation.
Whereas, in eukaryotes DNA forms nucleosomes by wounding around the histone octamers.
They are packed within chromatins. This complex structure controls the gene regulation.
3. In prokaryotes all genes are transcribed be same type of RNA polymerase.
Whereas, in eukaryotes, there are three different kind of RNA polymerase (I, II and III) involved
in gene regulation which are much bigger and complex than prokaryotic RNA polymerase.
4. In prokaryotes the gene expression regulation occurs primarily at transcription stage only.
Whereas, in eukaryotes gene expression regulation may occurs at several levels:
· Epigenetics: When DNA uncoils for transcription
· Transcription: When RNA is transcribed
· Post-transcription: When RNA passes into the cytoplasm
· Translation: When RNA translates into protein
· Post-translation: After protein synthesis.
Solution
There are several ways in which the gene regulation in eukaryotes differ from that in
prokaryotes, as follows:
1. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms and do not have defined nucleus, therefore the DNA
resides in the cytoplasm. The gene regulation takes place in cytoplasm only i.e. simultaneous
transcription and translation.
Whereas, eukaryotes are Complex cell structure with a defined nucleus. The DNA is present in
nucleus where its transcription takes place into RNA. RNA passes into cytoplasm where its
translation takes place into protein.
2 Prokaryotes have naked DNA which are not associated with any protein or other substances to
affect gene regulation.

2. Whereas, in eukaryotes DNA forms nucleosomes by wounding around the histone octamers.
They are packed within chromatins. This complex structure controls the gene regulation.
3. In prokaryotes all genes are transcribed be same type of RNA polymerase.
Whereas, in eukaryotes, there are three different kind of RNA polymerase (I, II and III) involved
in gene regulation which are much bigger and complex than prokaryotic RNA polymerase.
4. In prokaryotes the gene expression regulation occurs primarily at transcription stage only.
Whereas, in eukaryotes gene expression regulation may occurs at several levels:
· Epigenetics: When DNA uncoils for transcription
· Transcription: When RNA is transcribed
· Post-transcription: When RNA passes into the cytoplasm
· Translation: When RNA translates into protein
· Post-translation: After protein synthesis.