Ques-1) What is the most likely cause of a throat infection in a 6-year old child? Does she require treatment? Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms (antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The infection is strep throat and it is caused by streptococcal bacteria (group B). These bacteria infect the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body aches. Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Apart from antibiotics, the major future intervention to treat strep throat is to implement vaccination to boost innate immune levels in the infant because antibiotics such as macrolides have potential inhibitor effects on the growth of the useful gutfolra in infants & toddlers. Probiotics, gicing more Vitamin D & C and natural remedies are major future interventions to avoid strep throat in children. Immunity stimulation is specific future intervention to combat strep throat in infants as vaccination promotes immune factors to reduce the bacteria that cause inflammation of the blood vessels near throat. The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, \"squamous epithelial cell type\" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) Ques-2) What is the significance of facial swelling? List the possible causes of facial swelling? 1). Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms (antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). 2). The bacteria causes inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the glomerular filtration. Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs). Ques-3) What are the possible causes of dark urine? Dark urine is mainly due to \"presence of RBC\" in the blood. Urine was positive for 3+ protein and for3+ blood by dipstick. The examination of urinary sediment revealed numerous RBCs, many of which were dismorphic. Red blood cell casts were also present. Solution Ques-1) What is the most likely cause of a throat infection in a 6-year old child? Does she require treatment? Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms (antibioti.

1. Ques-1) What is the most likely cause of a throat infection in a 6-year old child? Does she
require treatment?
Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given).
The infection is strep throat and it is caused by streptococcal bacteria (group B). These bacteria
infect the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting,
body aches. Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Apart from antibiotics, the major future intervention to
treat strep throat is to implement vaccination to boost innate immune levels in the infant because
antibiotics such as macrolides have potential inhibitor effects on the growth of the useful gutfolra
in infants & toddlers. Probiotics, gicing more Vitamin D & C and natural remedies are major
future interventions to avoid strep throat in children. Immunity stimulation is specific future
intervention to combat strep throat in infants as vaccination promotes immune factors to reduce
the bacteria that cause inflammation of the blood vessels near throat.
The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect
the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body
aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, "squamous epithelial
cell type" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from
an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Ques-2) What is the significance of facial swelling? List the possible causes of facial swelling?
1). Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given).
2). The bacteria causes inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the
glomerular filtration. Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs).
Ques-3) What are the possible causes of dark urine?
Dark urine is mainly due to "presence of RBC" in the blood. Urine was positive for 3+ protein
and for3+ blood by dipstick. The examination of urinary sediment revealed numerous RBCs,
many of which were dismorphic. Red blood cell casts were also present.
Solution

2. Ques-1) What is the most likely cause of a throat infection in a 6-year old child? Does she
require treatment?
Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given).
The infection is strep throat and it is caused by streptococcal bacteria (group B). These bacteria
infect the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting,
body aches. Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Apart from antibiotics, the major future intervention to
treat strep throat is to implement vaccination to boost innate immune levels in the infant because
antibiotics such as macrolides have potential inhibitor effects on the growth of the useful gutfolra
in infants & toddlers. Probiotics, gicing more Vitamin D & C and natural remedies are major
future interventions to avoid strep throat in children. Immunity stimulation is specific future
intervention to combat strep throat in infants as vaccination promotes immune factors to reduce
the bacteria that cause inflammation of the blood vessels near throat.
The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect
the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body
aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, "squamous epithelial
cell type" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from
an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Ques-2) What is the significance of facial swelling? List the possible causes of facial swelling?
1). Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. Yes, the child needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given).
2). The bacteria causes inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the
glomerular filtration. Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs).
Ques-3) What are the possible causes of dark urine?
Dark urine is mainly due to "presence of RBC" in the blood. Urine was positive for 3+ protein
and for3+ blood by dipstick. The examination of urinary sediment revealed numerous RBCs,
many of which were dismorphic. Red blood cell casts were also present.