tuberculosis is one of the communicable disease which leads to a death per year. DOTs (direct observed therapy or treatment) is one of the therapy which is given in the health care centers. there are first line of drug that is isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, pyrazinamide. this is also known as AKT4

1. TUBERCULOSIS

2. • Tuberculosis is a infectious bacterial disease
caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis - most
commonly affects the lungs.
• Transmitted from persons to person via
droplets from the throat & lungs of people
with the active respiratory disease.

3. History:-
• Researchers theories that humans first
acquired it in Africa about 5,000 years ago.
• Development diseases depends upon the
closeness of contact .
• Incubation period may be weeks , months or
years.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS
Susceptible
host
pathogen
Conductive
environment

5. AGENT FACTORS
Agent:-
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• -facultative intracellular parasite, ingested by
phagocytes & resistant to intracellular killing.
Source of infection:-
• Human – human case positive for tubercle bacilli
& who has either received no treatment or has
not been fully treated.
• Bovine – infected milk.
Communicability:
• Patients are infective as long as they remain
untreated.

6. HOST FACTORS
Age:-
• Affects all ages
• In India , 0 – 14 age group – 2%
15 – 24 age group – 20%
Sex:-
• More prevalent in males
Nutrition:-
• Malnutrition- predisposes to TB
immunity-:-
• Man has no inherited immunity against TB

7. ENVIRONMENTAL / SOCIAL FACTORS
• Poor quality of life
• Poor housing
• Overcrowding
• Population explosion
• Under nutrition
• Lack of education
• Large families & lack of awareness of causes of
illness

8. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Transmitted by droplet infection and droplet
nuclei by sputum positive patients with
pulmonary TB
• Coughing generates the larger number of
droplets of all sizes.

9. INCUBATION PERIOD
• Time from receipt of infection to the
development of a positive tuberculosis test
range from 3 to 6 weeks.