The document discusses scientific measurement tools and units including mass, length, volume, and temperature. It explains that the independent variable is what is deliberately changed in an experiment, like water temperature, and the dependent variable is what is observed to change in response, like dissolved salt. It provides examples of using balances and rulers to measure mass and length in metric units of grams, centimeters, and millimeters. It also discusses measuring liquid volume via water displacement and calculating solid volume using the formula of length x width x height.