L3 ap political and economic acceleration of globalisation.
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The document discusses how political and economic decisions accelerate globalization. It explains that foreign direct investment increases economic integration between countries when a company builds a new factory or merges with a company in another country. This creates jobs and grows both economies. International organizations like the World Bank, IMF, and WTO also play a role in increasing globalization through their policies and activities. Readers are asked to research these organizations and provide key points about their roles and evaluations to the class. Trade balances and surpluses/deficits are also mentioned as relevant topics.
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Mexico City is located in central Mexico within the Valley of Mexico. Globally, it is situated in North America, while regionally it lies near the country's borders with the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico City serves as the capital and largest city of Mexico. The urban structure of Mexico City consists of a central business district surrounded by inner city, suburbs, and an urban rural fringe. Land use varies across these zones from services and high-cost housing in the center to informal settlements at the urban periphery.
L1 ap urbanisation over past 50 years
Over the past 50 years, developed countries experienced slowing urbanization while emerging and developing countries underwent rapid urbanization. Globally, more people now live in urban rather than rural areas, as shown by satellite images of the lit-up world at night. Urbanization increased in emerging and developing nations due to factors like industrialization, rural to urban migration, and economic development.
Inequality in mexico
1. There is significant inequality between the rich and poor in Mexico City. The poor often earn just enough to survive and cannot save, while many work in the informal sector without taxes or protections.
2. The poor typically live in crowded areas on the outskirts of the city that lack basic services, while the rich occupy wealthier neighborhoods near the center with amenities. Income, rural migration, political influence, and long work hours contribute to the differences in quality of life.
3. The main reasons for inequality are that the poor earn low and unstable incomes; many migrate from rural areas with nothing; the rich have more political power; and the poor often work longer hours.
Ap urban growth mexico
Mexico City's population has grown quickly due to rural-to-urban migration as people leave tough rural living for more economic opportunities in the city. This migration has been caused by both national and international factors as companies open new factories near Mexico City, drawing more people. Impacts of migration on Mexico City include the creation of ethnic enclaves, pressure on housing as migrants settle both near the city center and on the outskirts, and services straining to support Mexico City's young and growing population.
Ap solving mexico city problems
This document discusses different strategies for improving cities, specifically in Mexico City. It outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The top-down approach involves large-scale developments led by the government, where officials make the major decisions. Examples given include a housing agency that provided millions of mortgages and private developers building large identical housing developments. Issues arose from a lack of infrastructure to support the new housing.
The bottom-up example provided is of Neza, a squatter settlement whose residents organized to gain land ownership. They raised funds collectively for schools and utilities. This led to a thriving community with less crime than other parts of Mexico City.
The document asks the reader to consider the advantages and
Lesson 7 ap sustainable cities
This document discusses ways that Birmingham, England works to make urban living more sustainable and improve quality of life. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, often considering social, economic, and environmental aspects of city living. The document outlines an activity for students where they will research in groups how Birmingham specifically addresses issues like recycling, employment, education, health, transport, affordable housing, and energy-efficient housing to promote sustainability.
Lesson 6 retail changes ap
The document summarizes the major changes in retailing that have impacted Birmingham over recent decades:
1. In the 1800s, suburbanization occurred as people moved from the crowded, polluted city center to spacious suburbs.
2. In the 1870s, industry began relocating from city centers to the suburbs.
3. In the 1980s, out-of-town shopping centers like Merry Hill opened, taking 12% of the city center's trade and offering free parking and large retailers.
4. Birmingham's city center fought back through redevelopments like the Bull Ring and Grand Central that improved pedestrian access and amenities.
5. Internet shopping has grown to 15% of
Lesson 5 inequality ap
The document discusses inequality within the city of Birmingham. It notes that while some areas like Moseley and Edgbaston have been commended for their quality of life, other inner-city areas suffer from multiple deprivation and economic decline related to the loss of manufacturing jobs. Deprived areas are identified using indices that measure factors like unemployment, income, health, education, and crime. The causes of inequality in Birmingham stem from deindustrialization that led to high unemployment and less money circulating in inner cities, creating a downward spiral of decline, while newer suburban areas benefit from positive economic multipliers.
L3b ap b'ham popn
Birmingham's population has experienced significant growth and changes since 1825.
1) Birmingham's population grew rapidly in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution as people moved to the city for work in new industries.
2) The population peaked at around 1.15 million in 1950 before declining between 1950 and 2000 during a period of deindustrialization and globalization that closed factories and increased unemployment.
3) Since 2000, Birmingham's population has grown again due to new developments like the Bull Ring and improved transport links like High Speed 2 rail.
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L3 ap political and economic acceleration of globalisation.
- 1. How do political and economic decisions accelerate globalisation?
- 2. Foreign Direct Investment • Watch this • Foreign Direct Investment happens when a company invests money into a countries economy. It can be from building a new factory or merge with an existing company there. • The links between both countries often help to increase their economies and employment. • E.g. New JCB factory in Sorocaba. It employs …..
- 3. Foreign Direct Investment • There are 4 different types of FDI, see table 12.4 on p168.
- 4. The Role of international organisations • PLAYERS: General term given to different groups of people who are effected by or involved with a decision making process. • The World Bank, International Monetry Foundation and the World Trade Organisation are all ‘players’ in the role of increasing globalisation.
- 6. What is the IMF, WB & WTO? • What is the IMF and world bank? Here • What is the World trade organisation? HERE
- 7. Your turn • Become an expert….on the IMF, World Bank and WTO • Use the table on page 168, each pair of small group, take one organisation and feed back 4 key points to the class to note down (2 on their role and 2 on the evaluation)
- 8. How does trade work? • Balance of trade • Trade surplus and defecit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2knV4o1OEc