Aula 02 - Plural of nouns

1. Plural of nouns
André Luiz R. de Camargo

2. There are 6 ways to change a noun from singular
to plural.
•A noun is a person, place, or thing.
•Singular means only one noun.
•Plural means more than one noun.

3. Count nouns
• Forma-se o plural da maioria dos substantivos
em inglês, acrescentando-se S ao singular
Singular
Pound
Sock
Car
Plural
pounds
socks
cars

4. Para os substantivos em sons sibilantes (s, sh,
ch, x, z) acrescenta-se ES:
Singular
Bus
Wish
Watch
Box
Plural
buses
wishes
watches
boxes

5. Exceção
Para substantivos terminados em ch com som de K
acrescenta-se apenas S. Os mais comuns dss tipo
são: monarch, patriarch, matriarch, epoch ,
stomach.
Singular Plural
spoch spochs
(K)
monarch monarchs

6. Para substantivos terminados em O ou
Y precedidos de consoante
acrescenta-se ES. O Y ,neste caso,
transforma-se em I. para
substantivos terminados em O ou Y
precedidos de vogal acrescenta-se
apenas S.

7. Singular
Tomato
hero
lady
city
Plural
Tomatoes
heroes
ladies
cities

8. Compare
Potato
Radio
Sky
Key
Potatoes
Radios
Skies
Keys

9. Exceção
Para substantivos de
origem estrangeiras
terminadas em O
(mesmo que precedido
de consoantes)
acrescenta-se apenas
S.Os mais comuns
desse tipo são:
Piano
Photo
kilo
solo
Dynamo
Ego
Ghetto

10. Singular Plural
photo photos
piano pianos

11. Doze substantivos terminados em F e FE formam
o plural mudando-se as terminações F e FE
para VES.
São eles: knife(faca), life (vida), wife (esposa),
half (metade), calf (bezerro), self , leaf (folha),
sheaf (estante), thief (ladrão), loaf (pão), wolf
(lobo).
Para os outros substantivos desse tipo,
acrescenta-se apenas S.

12. Singular Plural
shelf shelves
wife wives
Mas
Roof roofs
Chief chiefs

13. Nota
Alguns substantivos apresentam
ambas as formas de plural. Entre
eles, os mais comuns são: dwarf
(anã), scarf (lenço), wharf (cais),
hoof (casco), elf (criatura imaginaria,
a forma elves é a mais comum).

14. Singular Plural
dwarf
dwarves
dwarfs
hoof
hooves
hoofs

15. Os seguintes substantivos formam o
plural de modo irregular, mudando-
se a vogal interna ou acrescentando-
se EN. A forma brethren só é usada
para designar membros da mesma
sociedade ou ordem religiosa.

16. Singular Plural
Man
Foot
Tooth
Goose
Mouse
Louse
Die
Ox
Child
Woman
Brother
Men
feet
teeth
geese (ganso)
mice
lice (piolho)
dice (dado)
oxen (boi)
children
women
brethren (ou brothers)

18. Os coletivos people, cattle (gado) e police
são normalmente usados com o verbo no
plural:
People think that he is rich.
The cattle were taken to do other farm.
The police are after that thief.

19. Mass nouns
Nem todos os substantivos em inglês
podem ser usados no plural. Aqueles que
têm plural são chamados count
(countable) nouns, isto é, substantivos
“contáveis”. Aqueles que não têm plural
são chamados mass (uncountable)
nouns, isto é, substantivos “incontáveis”

20. De modo geral, pode-se dizer que
os mass nouns referem-se a
coisas que não são “contadas por
unidade”, mas por “medidas”,
como as relacionadas a seguir:

21. News
Information
Advice (conselhos)
Luggage (bagagem)
Equipament
Furniture
Time
Cheese
Ham (presento)
Paper
Ink (tinta)
Water
Beer
Sugar
Salt
Air
Meat
Rice
Wheat(trigo)
Flour (farinha)
Corn
Money
Work
Trouble

22. Grass
Rain
Snow
Soap
Wine
Coffee
Milk
Ice
Bread (pão)
Butter
Jelly

23. Os mass nouns são usados com o
verbo no singular. Quando se
trata de “uma unidade” ou “ um
item” de informação, notícia,
conselho, bagagem etc, usa-se “a
piece of “ ou “an item of” ou
“some” diante desses
substantivos.

24. The news about the accident was terrible last
night.
The information needs checking.
Give him a piece of (some) advice, pleace.
We have to buy some (a loaf of) bread for
breakfast.

25. Choose the correct form of plural.
A. Give me some (breads / bread), please
B. The farmer has a lot of (cattle / cattles).
C. The (countrys / countries) are rich in that continent.
D. More than 235 million (people / peoples) are (inhabitanets /
inhabitants) of the United States.
E. There are beautiful (beachs / beaches) and (valleys / valleies)
in that country.
F. The (monarches / monarchs) in that part of the world were
cruel.
G. The (lifes / lives) of those (man / men) are not easy.

26. Play and sing with
U2
Sunday bloody Sunday

27. U2
U2 is a rock band from Dublin, Ireland. The band
consists of Bono(vocals and guitar), The
Edge (guitar, keyboards, and vocals), Adam
Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen,
Jr. (drums and percussion).

28. Take out the text the words
in plural and arrange them
in: regular and irregular
form

30. I can't believe the news today
I can't close my eyes and make it go away
How long, how long must we sing this song?
How long, how long?
Tonight we can be as one
Tonight
Sunday, Bloody Sunday by U2

31. Broken bottles under children's feet
And bodies strewn across a dead
end street
But I won't heed the battle call
It puts my back up against the wall
Sunday, bloody sunday

32. And the battle's just begun
There's many lost but tell me who has won?
The trenches dug within our hearts
And mothers, children, brothers, sisters torn
apart
Sunday, bloody Sunday

33. How long, how long must we sing this
song?
How long, how long?
Tonight
Wipe your tears away
Wipe your tears away
Wipe your bloodshot eyes

34. Sunday, bloody Sunday
And it's true we are immune
When fact is fiction and TV is reality
And today the millions cry
We eat and drink while tomorrow they
die

35. The real battle just begun
To claim the victory Jesus won
On a sunday, bloody Sunday
Sunday, bloody sunday

36. Check your answers
News Bodies
Children Trenches
Feet
Tears
Hearts
millions
Eyes
Bottles
Mothers
Brothers
sisters

37. I can't believe the news today
I can't close my eyes and make it go away
How long, how long must we sing this song?
How long, how long?
Tonight we can be as one
Tonight
Sunday, Bloody Sunday by U2

38. Broken bottles under children's feet
And bodies strewn across a dead end
street
But I won't heed the battle call
It puts my back up against the wall
Sunday, bloody sunday

39. And the battle's just begun
There's many lost but tell me who has
won?
The trenches dug within our hearts
And mothers, children, brothers,
sisters torn apart
Sunday, bloody Sunday

40. How long, how long must we sing this song?
How long, how long?
Tonight
Wipe your tears away
Wipe your tears away
Wipe your bloodshot eyes

41. Sunday, bloody Sunday
And it's true we are immune
When fact is fiction and TV is reality
And today the millions cry
We eat and drink while tomorrow they
die

42. The real battle just begun
To claim the victory Jesus won
On a sunday, bloody Sunday
Sunday, bloody sunday

44. Substantivos de origem estrangeira
Singular
Criterion
Erratum
Alumnus
hypothesis
Plural
Criteria
Errata
Alumni
hypotheses

45. Os substantivos de origem estrangeira
(latim, grego) terminados em on, um, us
e is formam o plural da seguinte maneira.
On
Um
a
Us i
Is es

46. Observações
Alguns substantivos com essas
terminações apresentam duas
formas de plural: o plural
“estrangeiro” e o plural “inglês”, o
qual, na maioria dos casos é o mais
utilizado:

47. Curriculum
Curricula
Curriculums
Nucleus
Nuclei
Nucleuses

48. Atualmente as palavras agenda (plural de
agendum) e data (plural de datum) são
freqüentemente usadas como singular.
The data is ready for processing.

49. Substantivos com mesma forma no
singular e no plural
The rich in the US donate a lot of money to charity every year.
There are twelve people in the room: two Brazilians, three Japanese,
two Swiss and five Dutch.
Sheep are mammals from which one takes heavy. (pelô, lã)
The chief means of transportation was the train in those days.
There are no means of learning what is happening

50. Certos substantivos têm a mesma forma no
singular e no plural. Entre eles encontram-se:
Os substantivos formados de adjetivos
referindo-se a uma classe de pessoas ou
grupo.
Os nomes de nacionalidades terminados em
sons de (s, sh, ch, ese)

51. Notas
We’ve seen hundreds of stundents in that
college.
Mas
Seven hundred students are on strike (feridos) in
that college

52. Quando substantivos como dozen,
gross (doze dúzias), hundred,
thousand, million são precedidos
de numeral, a forma do plural é
igual a do singular.

53. Mumps is na inflammatory
disease. (caxumba)
Mathematics is his weak subject at
school.

54. Alguns substantivos têm aparência de plural mas,
gramaticalmente, são considerados como
singular. Entre eles estão.
Os nomes de doenças terminados em s.
Os nomes das ciências ou de ramos das ciências
terminados em s.