Barthes suggested that there are five codes used to describe the meanings and interpretations of texts: the hermeneutic/enigma code, proairetic/action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. The hermeneutic/enigma code refers to unexplained elements that create mystery for the audience. The proairetic/action code builds tension by indicating that future events will occur. The semantic and symbolic codes add extra layers of meaning through references and symbolism. The referential code connects elements of a text to external bodies of knowledge.

2. Barthes suggested that meanings of texts
were described using five or more codes.
Five Codes:
• Hermeneutic / Enigma code
• Proairetic/Action code
• Semantic code
• Symbolic code
• Referential code

3. HERMENEUTIC/ENIGMA CODE
This code refers to any element of a text that is
not fully explained ; this becomes a mystery to
the audience. This is to keep the audience
guessing until the mystery is finally revealed in
the finale of a text. A mystery makes the
audience want to know more, which keeps them
watching.

4. PROAIRETIC/ACTION CODE
The Proairetic Code builds tension. Action or events are
used to indicate something else is going to happen,
meaning the audience attempt to guess what will happen
next. The Hermeneutic and Proairetic Codes work
together to develop the tension, putting the audience on
edge and wanting to watch more.

5. SEMANTIC CODE
This code refers to parts of a text that refer to
additional meanings. These elements of
semantic codes have a connotative function in
the text and add an extra layer of meaning in
addition to literal meaning.

6. SYMBOLIC CODE
Similar to the Semantic code, this code creates
semantic meanings through symbolism. It uses
opposites to portray contrast and create deeper
meaning. This creates tension, drama and
character development

7. REFERENTIAL CODE
This code refers to anything within a text which
refers to an external body of knowledge , e.g.
scientific, historical or cultural knowledge.