SOCIAL WORK CONCEPTS

1. BY AMIT KUMAR MOB NO.: +919435028022 EMAIL-amitranjanfn09@outlook.com
PhD Research Scholar
DTS, CUJ RANCHI
SOCIAL WORK
BY
AMIT KUMAR
PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR
CENTRAL UNIVIERSITY OF JHARKHAND
SOCIAL SECURITY:
As per ILO (Interantional Labour Organisation), social security is the security that society
furnishes, through appropriate organisation, against certain risks to which its members are
exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies(emergencies) against which the individual
of small means cannot effectively provide by his own ability or foresight alone or in private
combination with his fellows.
“Social security is the security that society furnishes, through appropriate organizations,
against certain risks to which its members are exposed"
It is divided into two forms
1. Social Assistance: It is the financial aid given by the government to individuals and
families in their contingencies(emergencies). Here contribution from the person is
not at all needed to receive assistance. A family receiving financial assistance from
the District Collector for the loss of house due to heavy flood is an example of social
assistance.
2. Social Insurance: Social insurance helps a person financially when he meets with
some risks in life. The insured person has to contribute a particular amount regularly
to get financial assistance under this scheme. E.g. Life insurance scheme of various
insurance companies, Provident Fund (PF), Employees State Insurance (ESI) of the
government, etc.
SOCIAL WELFARE
According to R.M TITMUS,
Social Welfare is the organized system of social welfare institutions designed to aid
disadvantaged individuals and groups to attain satisfying standards of life and health. It aims
at personal and social relationships which permits individuals to develop their full capacities
and the promotion of their well-being in harmony with the needs of the community.
Social welfare' is an organized system of social services designed to aid individuals and groups
to attain satisfying standards of life and health.
The objective of social welfare is to provide
1. Each individual with the basic economic necessities,
2. high standard of health,
3. decent living conditions,
4. equal opportunities,

2. BY AMIT KUMAR MOB NO.: +919435028022 EMAIL-amitranjanfn09@outlook.com
PhD Research Scholar
DTS, CUJ RANCHI
5. the well-being of deprived like Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), widows,
aged, children and unemployed.
SOCIAL REFORM
1. It is a total change that happens in the society at larger scale.
2. Social reform is a process to make changes or improvements in the society.
3. Social reform involves "deliberate attempt to bring about change in social attitudes,
social values and social institutions.
SOCIAL JUSTICE
Social justice demands equal opportunity and access to resource irrespective of age, religion,
caste, sex and other socio-economic conditions. It requires fair treatment of all in education,
employment, governance, and other welfare measures.
EMPATHY:
This is the capacity of the social worker to place him/herself “in the shoes” of the client, so as
to understand what the client thinks and experiences. This must also then be communicated to
the client It therefore involves entering the client’s world, without sacrificing your own
identity.
DEFINITIONS
Marry E. Richmond’s definitions of 1915 to 1922, she strongly argues for man and
environment adjustment.
a) “...the art of doing different things for and with different people by cooperating with them
to achieve at one and the same time their own society and society’s betterment” (Richmond,
b) “...the art of bringing about better adjustment in the social relationships of individual men,
or women, or children” (Richmond, 1917).
c) “...those processes which develop personality through adjustment consciously effected,
individual by individual, between men and their social environment” (Richmond, 1922)
Dr. Abraham Flexner (1915):
Social work is "any form of persistent and deliberate effort to improve living or working
conditions in the community, or to relieve, diminish or prevent distress, whether due to
weakness of character or to pressure of external circumstances. All such efforts may be
conceived as falling under the heads of charity, education or justice, and the same action may
sometimes appear as one or another according to the point of view.
Helen L Witmer 1942
He expressed the view, "The prime function of social work is to give assistance to individuals
in regard to the difficulties they encounter in their use of an organized group's service or in
their performance as a member of an organized group”

3. BY AMIT KUMAR MOB NO.: +919435028022 EMAIL-amitranjanfn09@outlook.com
PhD Research Scholar
DTS, CUJ RANCHI
According to Hodson (cited in Khinduka 1962)
Social work is "a form of service which attempts, on the one hand, to help the individual or
family group, which is out of step, to attain more orderly rhythm in the march of existence and,
on the other, to remove, so far as possible, the barriers which obstruct others from achieving
the best of which they are capable.
J P Anderson (1945)
He says social work is a professional service rendered to people for the purpose of assisting
them as individual or in groups, to attain satisfying relationship and standards of life in
accordance with their particular wishes or capacities and in harmony with those of the
community.