Glucose In Bloodstream

Glucose In Bloodstream
A hormone made and released by the pancreas that regulates the levels of glucose present in the
bloodstream by moving from the pancreas and opening the body cells to let glucose in for energy.
A hormone that is produced in the pancreas and released from the liver as a response of having too
little blood glucose, or hypoglycemia, in the bloodstream.
A test that in which a solution with 75 grams of glucose is ingested after 3 days of a high
carbohydrate diet and fasting takes place the night before the test, and blood and urine samples are
taken from time to time after the intake and lasts up to 6 hours. The blood and urine samples will
show if there is the blood glucose takes an unusually long time to be on normal levels.
A type of diabetes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy where the placenta, a place where the baby stays
nourished, disturbs the normal responses of insulin in the body.
A dominant type of Type 2 diabetes that stands for maturity–onset diabetes of youth, in which onset,
or the beginning of the disease, occurs in late adolescents or early adulthood.
The condition of having little glucose in the bloodstream.
The condition of having great glucose levels in the bloodstream.
A complication in which there is an extremely low level of insulin in the body in order to control
glucose, causing a very high blood glucose level.
A condition that can be caused by diabetes in which the nervous system does not respond quick
enough in certain limbs, but can cause other conditions such as extreme pain, weakness, or clogs in
blood flow.
A condition that can be caused by diabetes in which the kidney loses its function.
A condition that can be caused by diabetes in which the retina can have internal hemorrhaging or
edema, which would cause a loss of sight.
Cell in the pancreas that produces glucagon as a result of hypoglycemia, or the condition of having
too little levels of
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Determination Of Blood Glucose Levels And Qualitative...
Practical Report (Determination of blood glucose levels and qualitative carbohydrate tests)
Introduction: The term ''Carbohydrates'' is defined as the carbon compounds which contains
hydroxyl groups in large quantities (King, 2013). Carbohydrates are those organic compounds
which have the empirical formula CnH2nOn, or (CH2O)n (Fromm 1997). Carbohydrates are one of
the four types of organic compounds in living cells that are produces during photosynthesis and are
the important source of energy in both plants and animals (Ahmed 2014). They are built from
monosaccharides. These monosacchradies are the small molecules that consists of three to nine
carbon atoms and differ in size and in the stereochemical configuration at one or more carbon
centers. The simplest carbohydrates also contain either an aldehyde or ketone compounds (freeman
2002). Carbohydrates are classified as simple and complex carbohydrates. The classification of
carbohtdydrates is based on the chemical structure of the food and how fast it absorbs. Simple
carbohydrates contains single or double sugars in their chemical structure whereas complex
carbohydrates consists of three or more sugars (ahmed 2014). There are four major types of
carbohydrates depending on their chemical composition. 1) Monosacchrides: Mono means single
and saccharides refer to sugar. These are the simple form of carbohydrates that consists carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1 (Ahmed 2014). Examples: Glucose, fructose and

Glucose And Lactase Lab Report
Analysis It is concluded that there was a presence of glucose when lactase was added to the
lactose+maltose but this was not seen in lactose. Accordingly, lactose was broken down into glucose
and galactose in the existence of the enzyme lactase. In addition to that, because one maltose
disaccharide is two monosaccharides, it was concluded to be positive for the benedict's solution.
Due to this, maltose should always be positive. A yellow color was seen in the solution during the
experiment. The control group for this experiment was the lactose solution which showed a negative
test and, therefore, remained in its original blue color as there was no lactase to catalyze the
chemical reaction in order for the bonds to break. Lastly, both the lactose and maltose solution with
lactase had a positive result of glucose as the benedict's solution turned a yellowish green color.
Discussion The main purpose of the lab was to investigate the effects of lactase two sugars, lactose
and maltose. It was concluded that adding lactase to lactose will cause it to break down into its two
components and this was indicated by adding benedict's solution. In the presence of glucose,
benedict's solution causes the color to change to a red–yellow solution, which is what was observed.
Gene expression can be used to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When there is a lack of lactase in the small intestines, it results in lactose intolerance which means
the body cannot fully break down lactose. Most cases of lactose intolerance occur later in life when
activity of lactate gradually decreases causing less lactase to bind to active sites, however, in rare
cases some babies may be born without the lactase enzyme. This intolerance caused by the lack of
lactase leads to the lactose being passed onto the color, where it is fermented by the bacteria present
and causes gas, diarrhea and bloating and can lead to sever

Sucrose And Glucose Research
What is sucrose and glucose and what is the difference between them anyways? Anything that ends
in the suffix "ose" usually deals with sugar. Well, sucrose is most commonly known as table sugar,
which is the stuff you add to food to make them have a sweeter taste. It is made by the bond of
alpha–D–glucose and beta–D–fructose; when they are split by the hydrolysis reaction ("vital role in
the breakdown of food into easily absorbed materials") glucose and fructose is made. (H.) Glucose
is the basic sugar that gives the body its energy. Although each sugar has the same amount of
calories, eating too much of either one can result in weight gain and high blood sugar levels. Since I
will be using four different drinks to conduct my experiment, I decided that I needed to know some
information about them! Specifically how much sugar is inside of the average bottle or can. In a
regular 20 ounce bottle of Coca–Cola there is 65 grams of sugar within the substance. In an 8.3oz
can of Red Bull there is approximately 27 grams of sugar. A 16oz of Sunny D is about 48 grams. A
20oz bottle of Gatorade contains 34 grams of sugar. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hyperglycemia is "having an abnormally high blood glucose or sugar level". (MedicineNet) The
major symptoms of Hyperglycemia are having increased thirst, frequent urination, and diabetes.
What is Diabetes anyways? "Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body produces too little
insulin or can't use the available insulin efficiently." (Outsmart Diabetes) Type 2 Diabetes (also
known as insulin resistance) is the most common type out of them all. Although there is no cure for
Type 2 Diabetes, it can be managed by taking oral medicine, eating healthy, and

Fructokicose And Glucose Research Paper
2a) Blood glucose levels are controlled by the liver where glucose is produced and sent out through
the body via blood. This glucose is used to produce energy in the form of ATP. When blood glucose
levels are low, there is an insufficient amount of glucose available than what the body needs, so
glucagon is released. This promotes the production of glucose through amino acids into Acetyl–CoA
and then glucose. It is released into the bloodstream and blood glucose levels return back to normal.
When blood glucose levels are high, insulin levels in the bloodstream also rise and this causes the
synthesis of fructose–2–6–biphosphate. This molecule activates phosphofructokinase and inhibits
fructose biphosphatase. Phosphofructokinase is responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of glucose
to pyruvate while fructose biphosphatase is responsible for stopping the production of glucose. ...
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This is done by the enzymes glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. These catalyze
opposite reactions in the sense that one catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen while the other
catalyzes the synthesis of glycogen. When blood glucose levels are high, glycogen phosphorylase is
activated and glucose is broken down via the addition of an inorganic phosphate. If blood glucose
levels are low, glycogen synthase couples the reaction to UTP and glucose is formed.

Blood Glucose Lab Report
This experiment observes the effects of insulin and glucagon on the relative blood glucose levels in
the mesenteric artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic vein by times of fasting and postprandial.
Blood Glucose is the amounts of sugar, or glucose within the blood system. This is important
because body's cells need glucose to create energy or ATP. Normal blood glucose levels range from
70–120mg/dl. Postprandial levels would range between 130–150mg/dl and fasting levels would be
50–60mg/dl. Insulin is stimulated by high blood glucose levels, once stimulated it works to transport
excess glucose into the liver or other parts of the body, typically being muscle and fat tissue. This is
known as glycogenesis, the synthesis of glucose into glycogen to be used for later energy
production. Glucagon is stimulated by low blood glucose levels, once it is stimulated it can go
through glycogenolysis which will convert the glycogen back into glucose to help level out the
blood glucose levels. Gluconeogenesis is performed when there is no more glycogen to create
glucose or any other carbohydrates. Therefore the body must create glucose ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The digestive organs involved within the Hepatic Portal System include, the stomach, small
intestines, liver, and the spleen. The vessels involved are the mesenteric artery, hepatic portal vein,
and the hepatic vein. The mesenteric artery descends from the heart and branches out connecting to
the stomach, spleen, liver, and small intestines. It also supplies oxygenated and nutrient rich blood
to these organs. The hepatic portal vein collects nutrients from the small intestine and then directs it
to the liver for processing. The hepatic vein takes the approved nutrients and brings it back up the
body towards the heart sending nutrients throughout the body's cells as it transports the blood.
(Marieb pg.

Fructose, Glucose And Carbohydrates
1. Describe the structure of a monosaccharide and name the three monosaccharides important in
nutrition. Name the three disaccharides commonly found in foods and their component
monosaccharides. In what foods are these sugars found?
There are three types of monosaccharides; Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose. Monosaccharides are a
type of sugar and often called simple carbohydrates. These different sugars all have the same
structures consisting of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygen atoms. They all follow the
rules of chemistry with each carbon atom having 4 bonds, oxygen having 2, and hydrogen 1 bond.
The difference between each of these is the order of arrangement of the atoms and therefore each
provide a different amount of sweetness. Glucose is also known as blood sugar and is very
important to the body's activities as it is an essential energy source. Fructose, having the same
chemical formula of glucose, is considered the sweetest of the sugars. Galactose is a naturally
occurring sugar in foods as a single sugar. The order difference of these bonds is shown in the
following reference pictures found in Understanding Nutrition. (Whitney & Rolfes, 2014, p101)
There are three types of disaccharides as well; Maltose, Sucrose, and Lactose. These sugars are
compounds of the monosaccharide groups. Maltose consists of 2 glucose atoms; this is created when
starches break down. Sucrose consists of one glucose and one fructose atom and is the sweetest of
the

Medical Emergency Characterized By Low Serum Glucose Levels
Hypoglycaemia is a medical emergency characterized by low serum glucose levels and if not treated
correctly, can cause significant morbidity and mortality. (1–6) Hypoglycaemia often occurs as a
result of treatment for Diabetes Type 1 and 2, yet can also affect non–diabetic casualties. (1–4, 6–9)
This paper will reflect on the pre–hospital clinical management of hypoglycaemia, by critically
analysing a large portion of Australian pre–hospital treatment guidelines, in relation to international
practices, current evidence based literature and investigating potential areas for change.
Glucose is the primary energy source for all living cells in the body, with the function of the brain
heavily reliant on a constant supply of blood glucose to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(3, 4, 11, 12) Furthermore, administration of glucagon to casualties in situations where
gluconeogenesis may be defective could paradoxically provoke hypoglycaemia by stimulating the
release of insulin from the pancreas. (4)
Current Australian Defence Force (ADF) treatment protocols mandate that Glucagon administered
IMI is the first line treatment in the management of severe hypoglycaemia. (13) Guidelines direct
that casualties who remain unresponsive to glucagon after 10 minutes are then eligible for treatment
with IV dextrose 50%. (13) This appears unique to the ADF. The Ambulance Service of New South
Wales (ASoNSW) offers glucagon as a non–essential treatment option along with dextrose 10%,
while Ambulance Victoria (AV) directs that glucagon is administered only to patients in whom IV
access cannot be established. (14, 15) Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) stipulates dextrose
10%, independent of glucagon is the first line treatment option for hypoglycaemic patients, unable
to swallow oral glucose. (9) Consideration of international protocols reveals a judicial approach to
administration of glucagon by New York City, Emergency Medical Services (NYCEMS), which
reserves

Relationship Between Glucose And Sucrose
The independent research project is designed to test the relationship between amounts of sucrose
and glucose produced and its conversion to carbon dioxide through the process of cellular
respiration. The familiar white granules commonly used for baking are known as table sugar or
sucrose. Sucrose consists of glucose and fructose, which are forms of sugars that are the most basic
types of carbohydrates. The breakdown of sugars occur through chemical processes and ultimately,
results in production of carbon dioxide. The use of enzymes is required to create this process.
An enzyme speeds up the process of breaking down sucrose into glucose. Sucrose and glucose are
considered to be carbohydrates and more specifically known as simple sugars. Glucose is a
monosaccharide and helps build the disaccharide known as sucrose. Enzymes are proteins and they
help make multiple different chemical reactions faster. In humans, the enzyme ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This includes cells in our bodies as well as cells found in foods like yeast. ATP is a specific
molecule that provides energy in a form that cells can use for cellular processes. Cellular respiration
is a process that cells use to transfer energy from the organic molecules in food to be released into
ATP energy and carbon dioxide. The release of energy from organic molecules and precisely
glucose is an example of cellular respiration. Energy is essential for growth, repair, and movement
in living organisms. Cellular respiration allows the cells to use the energy from each glucose
molecule more efficiently in order to make as many ATP molecules as possible and produce high
levels of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas that is crucial to all living organisms on
this planet. Carbon dioxide production can be directly related to the energy production from
fermentation. It is these complex cellular processes that will be further examined in this research

The Effect of Glucose Concentration on Anaerobic...
THE EFFECT OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST
INTRODUCTION:
Yeast, also known as a saccharomyces cerevisiae, is single celled eukaryotic cells that are in the
kingdom fungi and are unicellular organisms which normally reproduce asexually by budding at a
very high rate. Scientists quite often decide to work with yeast because of its features fast growing
rate and the fact that yeast 's DNA can be easily manipulated. Some types of yeast can be found
naturally on plant or in the soil. Also it is worthwhile mentioning that yeast feeds on sugar very
well, and so that I decided to use glucose.
My independent variable will be the concentration of glucose solution. To make sure that that my
test will be fair, I will make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Temperature
Measured by a thermometer
C: Varies throughout the day, but each yeast solutions gets the same temperature
It is important to keep the temperature the same throughout the whole experiment because enzymes
might work faster or slower depending on the temperature.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Burette
Placing portions of different concentration of yeast solution separately in the apparatus
Count the amount of bubbles every 1 minute
To read the burette correctly it is important to remember that the lowest numbers start on top and go
up to the highest numbers at the bottom.
The curved surface at the top of the liquid level is called a MENISCUS.

METHOD:
Weigh four different amounts of glucose 1g,2g,3g,4g and 5g and place each amount into a conical
flask .
Add 100 ml of water to the conical flask and swirl until the glucose is fully dissolved.
Yeast has to be heated up before mixing it with

Glucose Concentation Experiment (Lab Report)
RESEARCH QUESTION
How does the glucose concentration effects the time taken for the potassium permanganate to
decolourise from purple to colourless ?
HYPOTHESIS
The higher the glucose concentration the shorter the time taken for the potassium permanganate to
decolourise from purple to colourless.
VARIABLES VARIABLE | UNITS | RANGE | METHOD FOR CONTROL | INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE–Concentration of glucose solution | % | 5%10%15%20%25%30% | Different glucose
concentration are tested | DEPENDENT VARIABLE–The time taken for the potassium
permanganate to decolourise from purple to colourless | second (s) | – | Measure the time taken for
the potassium permanganate solution to decolourise from purple to colourless by using stopwatch ...
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GRAPH 2 : Graph of rate of reduction of potassium permanganate against the concentration of
glucose
The graph showed the relationship between the rate of reduction and the different glucose
concentration.Based on the graph we can conclude that the relationship between the two things is
the positive correlation as when the glucose concentration increased,the rate of reduction also
increase.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The t–test The t–test is used when we want to decide whether there is
significant different or not between two sets of data.In this case,based on the experiment,we are
doing the t–test as we want to know whether there is a significant different or not between the
different concentration of glucose and the time taken for the potassium permanganate to decolourise
from purple to colourless.
Null hypothesis,H0
–There is no significant difference between the time taken for the potassium

A Brief Note On The Blood Glucose Concentration
In order to determine whether someone is diabetic, it is necessary to measure the person's ability to
handle a certain load of glucose, thus it is important that they have not eating anything that will
interfere with the results. Initially, a fasting glucose blood tested is performed. If an individual has
high resting blood glucose level, it indicates that their body is unable to produces insulin to regulate
normal level of blood glucose.
After administrating a small glucose dose, it takes approximately 2 hours for blood glucose levels to
return to normal, and much longer to end up in urine. Therefore, it is more accurate and quicker to
measure the blood glucose level blood
Figure 1 demonstrates that the blood glucose concentration is increasing and reaches its maximum
concentration in the first hour of ingesting the glucose load. This is representative of the amount of
time it takes for glucose to be absorbed and distributed around the body.
Figure 1 demonstrates that in the glucose rest group reaches it maximum blood glucose
concentration at 60 minutes, this time is representative of the amount of time it takes small intestine
to absorb and distribute it around to the body. However, in the glucose exercise group the maximum
glucose concentration occurs at 30 minute. This is due to the fact that glucose consumed is used
immediately by skeletal muscles, and more glucose is required to fulfil the energy requirements.
Therefore, glycogen is broken down to glucose which is

Glucose And Glycolysis Lab Report
The presence of glucose in the body of us and other animals is essential as it undergoes glycolysis to
produce essential energy–rich ATP which is vital to keep the muscles, neurons, red blood cells and
other energy–demanding cells operating. When an intake in food occurs, plasma glucose
concentrations increase which stimulates the release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas,
this causes an increase in glucose uptake by the cells and initiates glycogenesis, the process of
turning glucose into glycogen in the liver and the muscle cells ().
A high energy diet rich in complex carbohydrates would be broken down within the gastrointestinal
tract to smaller monomers of glucose which can then be diffused into the bloodstream using
facilitated glucose transporter protein which in turns raises the plasma glucose levels (). As the liver
is responsible for clearing the blood of unwanted molecules and ... Show more content on
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Muscle glycogen is used as an essential immediate supply of energy to the muscle cells, also under
anaerobic conditions when energy is required within the muscle cells and is also used for basic
bodily movement and a source of energy for the flight or fight response (). This is shown in figure
two as both high and low energy diets had similar stores of glycogen within the muscles to ensure
that the muscle can function when required.
A similar study in 2000 comparing muscle glycogen concentration in relating to finishing diet found
that at when feeding a high energy diet before slaughter, the cattle had a higher glycogen
concentration in their muscles than those that were fed a low–energy diet (). Our study showed
similar results, with a slight increase in glycogen concentration, although our data did not show a
large difference, with modification to the methods and sample size a similar result may be

Diabetic Person's Blood Glucose Level
Blood glucose is the amount of concentration of sugar in a person's blood stream. It is an energy
source for the body's cells, tissues and other body organs such as the brain, liver and intestines.
When a body is at rest a person's blood glucose can vary from low to high throughout the day. An
example of low levels, also known as hypoglycemia, is when a person wakes up. Whereas high
levels, also known as hyperglycemia, is an example of eating a carbohydrate meal. Depending on
health, people have different blood glucose level. A non–diabetic person's blood glucose is 4.4
millimol per Liter (mmol/L) – 5.5mmol/L while a diabetic person's blood glucose level is over 7.0
mmol/L.
When the body detects a high level of blood glucose the pancreas secretes

Sugars: Glucose And Fructose
The cause was to determine if all sugars in different items such as fruit, candy, and regular sugar are
the same sugar or not. The things tested in this experiment were an orange, Hershey bar, and regular
sugar. The purpose was chosen to figure out if the sugars that we eat in our food are all the same.
Research in the investigation showed that different sugars fall under 3 categories. Monosaccharide
is a simple sugar which contains one single ring. Glucose and Fructose are examples of a
monosaccharide. Disaccharide is a class of sugar which contains two monosaccharide residues.
Examples of disaccharide would be sucrose and maltose. The final is polysaccharide which is a
bunch of sugar molecules mixed together and a example of polysaccharides

Blood Glucose Viscosity Levels Of Non Diabetics And Diabetics
Blood Glucose Absorbance Levels of Non–Diabetics and Diabetics Over 120 Minutes After Food
Consumption
Alexis Lester
BSC 120–113
October 27, 2015
Dr. Welch
Abstract Individuals with diabetes are affected by elevated blood glucose levels in the bloodstream
due to inefficient glucose uptake by cells. Blood glucose levels are influenced by many things,
especially meals and their glucose content. Therefore, if diabetics cannot correctly regulate their
blood glucose levels, particularly after meals, then their readings will be higher than non–diabetic
levels. In the experiment, the absorbance of simulated blood glucose levels of both diabetic and
non–diabetic people in 120 minutes following a meal was measured using a spectrophotometer. The
blood glucose levels of diabetics were higher than that of non–diabetics throughout the entire course
of 120 minutes, including at peak levels occurring at 60 minutes. The cause of this was a greater
abundance of molecules in the highly concentrated diabetic solutions, which were ready to absorb
more light. This demonstrates the ineffectiveness of diabetic metabolic pathways for utilizing
glucose compared to that of non–diabetics. This research can be taken further to analyze how
different types of food influence blood glucose levels.
Introduction
Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease that affects many people of various ages, genders, and
ethnicities all over the world. Many factors contribute to the disease, including

Blood Glucose Research Paper
Blood glucose levels and their regulation can be influenced by alcohol (ethanol) consumption.
Although consuming alcohol can initially create a rise in blood glucose levels because of its
carbohydrate content, excessive alcohol consumption can cause blood glucose levels to drop to
dangerously low levels. When alcohol is consumed, it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream
from the stomach and intestines; and then travels to the liver to be metabolised. Liver cells contain
enzymes which metabolise the alcohol; they break down the alcohol into other chemicals which are
in turn broken down into water and carbon dioxide. These are then excreted from the body in the
urine and from the lungs. The liver can process only a certain amount of alcohol per ... Show more
However, if blood glucose levels rise too steeply, there can be an overproduction of insulin; which
lowers blood glucose levels excessively below the set point. Because alcohol is toxic and there is no
way to store alcohol in the body, it must be metabolised as quickly as possible. This means that the
liver must prioritise metabolising the alcohol over any other tasks; including regulating blood
glucose levels. Although the liver usually releases glucose into the bloodstream (from its stored
glycogen) when blood glucose levels fall below the set point; while there is alcohol in the blood it
has less capacity to do this. This results in hypoglycemia. Long–term consumption of large amounts
of alcohol damages the liver and can lead to liver disease, which interferes with many aspects of
metabolism including metabolism of glucose. In frequent drinkers the body can also become less
sensitive to insulin; meaning muscle, liver and fat cells will not respond effectively to insulin. This
can lead to long–term

Digestive Enzymes Convert Sucrose Into Glucose
I. Science Fair question How do digestive enzymes convert sucrose and lactose into glucose?
II. Background Research Do you enjoy eating smoothies packed full of berries and other tasty
fruits? This paper is going to discuss how digestive enzymes convert sucrose and lactose into
glucose. The following terms will be discussed: Sugar, Carbohydrates, Sucrose, and Glucose. Any
of a class of crystalline carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, or lactose, that dissolves in water
and has the characteristic of sweet taste (The American Heritage Student Science Dictionary327).
Sweet tasting sugar goes throughout your blood (Horn). Sugar helps you think, and makes you act
faster (Horn). There are many types of sugar including sweet rigid, no flavor, loosing, and crystal
sugar (Horn). When a person eats more than they can handle in there intestine, this leads to
abdominal pain this happens when the extra food is brought to the large intestine (Horn). One of the
many muscles in your body runs on energy which is called the strenuous muscle, the sugar is used
as energy (Horn). Any of a large class of organic compound that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, usually with twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
How Many Sugars Are in Your Smoothie?). The finish result that is known as a type of sugar syrup,
which is usually in use when baking (What is Invertase?). Invertase can be found in candies
containing a sugar that is liquefied sugar, similar to cherries (What is Invertase?). Insects like
honeybees are able to produce invertase but for sale only, that creates bigger amounts of the enzyme
that is cheaper during the time the yeast starts to grow in bigger amounts (What is Invertase?).
People who Bake called Bakers and companies may call inverted sugar syrup "invert syrup"
sometimes or even timeline (What Is

Glucose And Glucose Lab Report
To investigate blood glucose concentrations following food input. This was done by analysing blood
glucose concentration data from individuals ingesting various types of food following several hours
of fasting. To also examine glucose tolerance test in a clinical context and to further explain glucose
concentrations in the body. Results The students who continued fasting after the 12hr fasting period
has almost equal amounts of blood glucose concentrations (BGC), during the 90mins period, with
averages ranging from 4.3– 4.7 mmol/l. This was the negative control. The average BGC of students
who ate 100g white bread elevated after 60 minutes. Students who ingested 100g of lean chicken
after fasting, had a lower BGC than the white bread. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Molarity of glucose in Lucozade (M) = moles of glucose/ litres of solution (370ml = 0.37L) =
0.2498 / 0.37 = 0.6751M of glucose in Lucozade. 70% of 50kg = 35kg = 35L 0.6751M is in 0.37L
In 35L = 0.37 / 35 * 0.6751 = 0.00714 moles per litre. = 7.14mmoles per litre is the maximum
concentration of glucose that could be achieved assuming no glucose uptake into cells. Glucose
Tolerance Test From the graph, it can be concluded that student 4 is diabetic. After the
administration of a standard dose of glucose, this student seems to have a very similar plasma
glucose concentration (PGC) to that of a diabetic from the population average glucose tolerance test.
After 30 minutes, the plasma glucose concentration of student 4 seems to be higher than that of a
diabetic, as it's 14.2mmol/l, however it slowly decreases overtime but remains relatively high at 120
minutes. It is possible that student 1 has impaired glucose tolerance, as after 30 minutes of ingesting
the standard dose of glucose, the PGC is seen to be the highest amongst all individuals. However,
the PGC normalises after the sudden drop over time but there is still a likelihood of this person
developing diabetes, because of the initial abnormal plasma glucose concentration. Blood Glucose
Concentrations Possible metabolic fates of glucose absorbed from the gut Glucose is a
monosaccharide, which is the simplest form of sugars. It is absorbed by

Phenol Red Glucose Lab Report
Glucose
Phenol red glucose contains the phenol red, which is a pH indicator. E. cloacae showed the color
change from yellow to red, meaning the organism is positive, and it was able to ferment glucose. In
addition, for the phenol red glucose tubes contain a durham tube. E. cloacae produced a gas during
fermentation, therefore the bubble was trap in the Durham tube; therefore the result is positive
Sucrose
Phenol red sucrose contains a pH indicator, is used to determine whether the organism can use the
sucrose as a carbon source. E. cloacae showed the color change from yellow to red, meaning the
organism was positive, and it is able to ferment sucrose.
Lactose
Phenol red lactose contains a pH indicator, is used to determine whether the organism ... Show more
cloacae showed mixed acids fermentation when supplied glucose. The test used methyl red as a pH
indicator. When the methyl red was added the color faded, less clear, and yellowish, meaning it was
negative. In contrary, if the color stays red, meaning the result was negative. In this case, E. cloacae
were negative.
Voges–Proskauer
Voges–Proskauer determines whether E. cloacae utilizes 2,3–butanediol and produce acetoin. The
result was positive, which showed the top half of the tube had a reddish color after the addition of
the Barritt's A and Barritt's B
Hydrogen Sulfide
Kligler's Iron was a complex medium that contains phenol red and testing the fermentation of
lactose and glucose. It also contained iron, the breakdown of the amino acid cysteine will produce
hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and pyruvic acid. When the result was positive it will have a black
button. However, E. cloacae had a negative result, with no black button
Simmon's Citrate
Simmon's citrate tests E. cloacae ability to utilize citrate as a carbon source. When the medium turns
blue, the organism is positive. If the media stay green, the organism was negative. Therefore, E.
cloacae were citrate positive.

Effect Of Sucrose Concentration On Glucose
glucose. Fructose is a known ketose sugar, meaning it contain a ketone functional group. Three
hydroxyl groups are reacted with H+ and lost from the ring to give the furfural derivative, which can
then proceed to react with resorcinol to produce the red complex. Glucose was not expected to yield
a positive test, however it may give a faint pink colour upon continuous boiling due to the aldose
being converted to a ketose (Chhabra 2014d, 23) . In the experiment the solution remained clear
suggesting that the was not boiled enough to produce the faint pink colour.
A modified Barfoed's test was done on 4 compounds; sucrose, glucose, maltose and fructose. This
test is used to distinguish between monosaccharides and disaccharides. Monosaccharides ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lipids will form a solution in the alcohol when dissolved called an emulsion. Lipids are soluble in
alcohol and and will dissolve to form a solution. When this solution I added to water globules of
lipids will form at the surface. From the results obtain the white opalescent appearance which was
opaque suggest that the globules were very small and gave a positive result.
The Biuret test, was used on albumin, urea and a blank. The Biuret reagent consist of sodium
hydroxide, hydrated copper sulphate and potassium sodium tatrate. The positive result for this test a
violet–purple complex formation by which the darker the colour is indicative of a more dipeptide
bonds. The albumin forms a complex of the cupric ions and dipeptide bonds to give the deep purple
colour which evolved. The urea, when heated also reacts similarly with the cupric ions, however it
also gives off a strong odour due to ammonia gas being evolved. (Lakehead University 1998,

Blood Glucose Levels
Blood Glucose Levels–
Purpose of Homeostatic System–
Homeostasis refers to the ability of the body being able to seek and maintain a constant condition of
equilibrium or stability within their internal environment when it must deal with external changes
(fluctuations in their environment.) External influences may include exposure to extreme
environmental conditions, disease or infection. Internal influences may include genetic conditions or
metabolic disorders.
Components of The System–
The stimulus, receptor, control centre, effector and variable are all key components of the
Homeostatic System.
High Blood Glucose Levels–
The stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment in particular for high
blood glucose levels this may be when person consumes a carbohydrate rich meal, therefore the
blood glucose level will rise. The variable is the amount of glucose in blood (>5mM) The set point
is the target value of the controlled variable ie. The optimum amount of glucose in blood where cells
will work optimally and the best conditions for the chemical reactions inside cell eg. Making ATP
(respiration.) The Pancreas which is known as the receptor will then detect a change in the internal
or external environment, this occurs in the Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. The control centre
which is also the pancreas will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Skipping a meal, therefor the blood glucose levels fall below normal ( while being bathed in
glucose. Cells that are starving for glucose start to burn fat, and produce breakdown products from
fat called ketones. Protein is also burned for fuel. This results in wasting of fat and muscle.
Uncontrolled elevated blood glucose eventually results in damage to the blood vessels and can lead
to coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, kidney damage and persistent

How Does Fatty Acid Contribute To The Production Of Glucose
An individual engaged in vigorous exercise demands much more energy than a sedentary individual.
The supplied energy during a 100 meter sprint or a marathon run comes at a cost, which is the
production of ATP (Hill et al.). At the beginning of exercise the body relies on the glycogen stores in
muscle that aids in ATP production. Eventually, glucose levels in muscles begin to decrease as the
activity continues, it's also thought that insufficient glucose causes tiredness (Hill et al.) . Glucose
must be provided continuously in order to satisfy one's energy demands. Consequently, glucose is
delivered by blood to the muscles. Fatty acids also contribute to the process of generating energy
when glucose levels are low, which are broken down to

Experiment: Transforming Sucrose Into Glucose
Transforming Sucrose into Glucose
My question is can you transform natural sucrose into glucose as you would unnatural sucrose? My
variables. The independent variables are the bananas and apples, will the natural sugar affect the
process. The dependent variable, will the "glucose" resemble the unnatural glucose. My hypothesis
is that no, the natural sugar will not transform into glucose the way unnatural sugar.
The materials used for the project are 9 cups of sugar, ⅓ cup citric acid, 4 cups of waters. My
procedure for the project was I boiled 9 cups of sugar, and 2 cups of water, after 15 minutes I put
half of the sugar water in one pot and the other half in another pot. In one pot I added ⅓ cup of citric
acid into it, transforming it

How Does Glucose Affects The Body
Glucose is an important fuel for our bodies. Blood glucose levels are normally in a certain range.
Our body has a system that regulates how much glucose circulates in our blood stream. It is centered
on a hormone called insulin, which is released from the pancreas. Insulin speeds up the transfer of
glucose throughout the body where it is used to fuel energy. In Type 1 Diabetes the body does not
allow the pancreas to produce insulin. Previously, type 1 diabetes was used to be referred to as
juvenile diabetes and is usually diagnosed in children and young teenagers (Leelarathna, Guzder,
Muralidhara, & Lewis Evans, 2011). Type 1 diabetes is usually caused when there is a fault in the
producing cells, called Pancreatic Beta Cells. Faults to the

Glucose And Yeast Essay
My hypothesis was that cellular respiration and CO2 production will be higher for yeast cells grown
in glucose than glycerol. The experimental data supported my hypothesis regarding carbon sources
because the respiration rate and CO2 production was lower for glycerol than glucose. Yeast cells are
able to use the energy from glucose directly, whereas yeast cells must go through a significant
amount of work, before being able to harness the glycerol's energy, therefore the cellular respiration
and CO2 production should be higher for glucose than glycerol, which was what the data revealed.
From the data, that our group collected, the apparent optimum carbon source for S. cerevisiae
growth was sucrose. This was not what I expected to see because sucrose (a disaccharide), requires
more work to be done to it before it can enter glycolysis, such as the glycosidic bond between the
glucose and fructose being broken down, whereas glucose can immediately enter glycolysis. From
Table 2, using the data from the entire class, the average respiration rate for glucose was higher than
sucrose, and from Figure 2, the standard deviation reveals that, the numbers calculated for glucose,
varied more than the numbers for sucrose, and that in general, ... Show more content on
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Table 2 revealed that the average respiration rate of glucose was the highest, followed by sucrose,
water, lactose, and glycerol. Water does not have any carbon source for yeast to feed on, but it
produced the third highest amount of carbon dioxide. From Table 2, the standard deviation revealed
that glucose had an extremely high standard deviation, indicating that results were more varied,
while water, lactose, and glycerol all had a significantly lower standard

Diabetes : How Your Body Handles Glucose
What is diabetes you might ask? It's a lifelong disease that affects how your body handles glucose, a
kind of sugar, in your blood. It means the blood sugar or blood glucose is too high. If your body
doesn't make enough insulin, or insulin doesn't work the way it should, glucose can't get into your
cells. Instead, glucose stays in your blood. Glucose comes from the food you eat. Your blood carries
glucose to all the cells in your body. These cells use glucose for energy. Insulin is a hormone made
by the pancreas. Insulin enters the blood and is what is important to open the body cells so glucose
can enter it.
There are two types of diabetes. The first one is seen in infants, little kids and teenagers, while type
2 diabetes is seen in older adults, but now days it's seen even in little children. Some symptoms may
include increasing your hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, areas of darkened skin, and increased of
thirst. Type one diabetes means your pancreas isn't making insulin anymore. So therefore, people
with type one diabetes must take insulin. In type two diabetes, your body doesn't use insulin the way
it should and usually begins with insulin resistance. The body's cells no longer use insulin the way it
should. Eventually your pancreas can't make enough insulin anymore. Type two diabetes is the most
common form of diabetes. Treatment for type two diabetes includes healthy eating, exercise, oral
medications and sometimes insulin. Currently, there is no cure for

Chemistry: Glucose and Sports Drinks
Determination of Sugars in Sports Drinks: A Spectrophotometric Analysis
By: Crystle Culling Student Number: 2686923 Class: Tuesday 12pm (odd weeks)
Page | 1
1015MSC Lab Report
Crystle Culling 2686923
Abstract
The concentration of sugars in two well–known sports drinks, Powerade and Gatorade, were
determined by monitoring an enzyme–catalysed reaction sequence involving the appearance of
NADPH. Sucrose and glucose concentrations were calculated from the concentration of NADPH
formed by the reaction of glucose–6–phosphate and NADP+. Spectrophotometric absorbance
readings were taken at 340nm, this is because NADPH absorbs strongly at this wavelength, whilst
NADP+ does not (1015MSC, 2010). The concentration of glucose and sucrose in ... Show more
Absorbance of NADPH at 340nm
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Concentration (mM) y = 0.1897x R2 = 0.99
Calculations
To calculate the concentration of the sucrose and glucose after the first reaction, and the final
concentration of glucose of the samples of Powerade and Gatorade, the Beer–Lambert equation was
used.
Absorbance Difference
Beer – Lambert Equation: A = εcl
A = Absorbance difference  = Molar extinction coefficient C = Concentration L = Path length
Page | 4
1015MSC Lab Report

Crystle Culling 2686923
The molar extinction coefficient () was determined from the gradient of the line of best fit. Path
length was neglected from the calculations as it was equal to 1cm. As the samples were prepared
with a 1:100 dilution factor, this was included in the calculations (DF=100).
Sucrose plus Glucose Calculations (from Table 1 and Figure 1) Powerade Dilute = 0.36 / 0.1505
=2.39 mM/L C = Dilute x DF = 2.39 x 100 = 239 mM/L = 0.239 M/L Gatorade Dilute = 0.39 /

Glucose And Yeast Lab Report
Table 1 shows the amount of carbon dioxide produced when different substrates were fermented
with yeast after 10 minutes. Starch produced the least amount of CO2 after 10 minutes with a total
of 0.867 mL. Glucose, the control, produced 9.27 mL of CO2, but it was still behind fructose and
Splenda which both produced 10 mL of CO2 by the end of the 10 minutes.
A more detailed overlook of the experiment is demonstrated in Figure 1. The figure depicts a
positive trend between the substrates and the amount of carbon dioxide produced over time. It also
shows that starch produced the least amount of CO2 from the rest of the substrates and was more at
a plateau compared to the other three substrates. Starch only had a 0.3 mL increase from the 1–
minute

How Much Glucose Is In Your Food Research
I. Science Fair Question How much glucose is in your food?
II. Background Research Do you ever wonder how much sugar is in your food? This research is
going to talk about the sugar contained in your food. Terms that will be discussed in this paper
include sucrose, carbohydrates, glucose, and enzymes. Sucrose is a crystalline sugar having the
formula C12 H22 O11, found in many plants, especially sugarcane, sugar beets, and sugar marbles
(American Heritage: Student Science Dictionary 331). Sucrose is a type of sugar that is extracted
from sugar cane, normally used for baking goods. It is like table sugar that is broken in pieces to
become glucose. When carbohydrates and sucrose are broken down in food and will form glucose,
the level in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It secretes insulin and produces enzymes needed for digestion, which are secreted into the gut or
small intestine (American Heritage: Student Science Dictionary 253). There is one hormone in the
pancreas (How Sweet is it! Measuring Glucose in Your Food). A pancreas is located directly behind
the abdomen. The average pancreas is about 6–10 inches (Medical News Today). A hormone is a
substance produced in one part of the body, especially in an endocrine gland, that has an effect on
another part of the body, which it is usually carried in the blood stream. Hormones regularly many
biological processes, including growth and metabolism (American Heritage: Student Science
Dictionary 169). Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that acts to regulate the amount of
sugar in the blood by causing cells especially liver and muscle cells, to absorb glucose from the
blood stream (American Heritage: Student Science Dictionary 182). It helps breaking down
carbohydrates in the body. It is made of many beta cells that after responses when blood sugar rises
(Medical News Today). Insulin helps the liver absorb glucose just in case the body needs energy
when stressed or exercising (Ray). This hormone helps the level of glucose in the blood stream
(How Sweet is it! Measuring Glucose in Your

Case Study Of D-Glucose
2.– Product:
The product or products to be imported and commercialized are, almost entirely, energy recovery
products (glucose, dextrose, etc.).
Dextrose Monohydrate or what is the same, D–Glucose is its main component. Its presentation and
format are varied.
Dextrose monohydrate or D–glucose monohydrate, is a commercial form of hydrated dextrose,
whose chemical form is exactly equal to dextrose plus a water molecule.
According to the CODEX rules for sugars, dextrose monohydrate is defined as purified and
crystallized D–glucose containing a water molecule of crystallization, with a D–glucose content of
not less than 99,5% m/m over its dry weight and a total solids content of not less than 90.0% m/m.
It is an excellent source of energy that can be added to different foods ... Show more content on
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We intend to distribute the product at a national level (Spanish island territories included, together
with the Spanish African cities of Ceuta and Melilla) in a first phase, aiming, in the middle term, to
extend the distribution to Portugal and the rest of Europe.
The sector of focus to which our product is directed mainly are diabetics. Their current number in
Spain exceeds 5,300,000. That is more than 14% of the Spanish population, although 6% still have
not been diagnosed. Within this large number there are two large groups, Type 1 and Type 2
diabetics, but all of them are possible clients and/or consumers of glucose, to help them recover
from hypoglycemia (episodes of low blood glucose).
Diabetics are informed, first in the hospitals and health centers where they are treated, besides
private medical offices of different centers. But where we really come in is in consultations at a
private level in the different media on

The Effect Of Fructose On The Rate Of Glucose
Introduction
Fructose–1, 6–bisphosphate is a key regulatory step in gluconeogenesis, as well as many other
intracellular metabolic pathways . During, gluconeogenesis there is an important process in which
there is a conversion of glucose to pyruvate which is known as glycolysis. This process will require
three irreversible steps that have a very high negative free energy that is in the forward reaction. So,
in order to have a conversion from pyruvate into glucose, the pathway will require the use of
enzymes, which will allow the bypassing of these irreversible steps. One of the enzymes that is used
in this process is called Fructose 1, 6–bisphosphatase (Kelley, 2006). This step is a very important
step in gluconeogenesis, being that it needs to have fructose bisphosphatase to catalyze the
conversion of fructose–1, 6–bisphosphate into fructose 6–phospahate, and inorganic phosphate, that
without it can block the pathway. Its activity is high regulated by the levels of Adenosine
Monophosphate, fructose 2, 6–bisphosphate and also citrate (Kelley, 2006). When deficiencies are
present in this pathway and devoid of this conversion, glycerol into glucose, it will lead to fasting
hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and other physiological conditions. This enzyme is highly active
within the liver and the intestines. Therefore, when the liver glycogen stores are no longer available,
the physical properties of the body will fight for its homeostasis (Eren, 2013) by converting a three

A Blood Bag With Two Pipettefuls Of Glucose And Starch...
In part I, a dialysis bag with two pipettefuls of glucose and starch solution was mixed. The bag was
placed in a beaker of tap water and I2KI solution for 30 minutes. The contents of the bag and the
beaker were placed in test tubes and tested through Benedict's Test for the presence of aldoses –
both test tubes tested positive. What was happening when the dialysis bag was in the beaker? The
dialysis bag's material acted as an artificial "membrane", exercising selective permeability (allowing
certain membranes to pass in and out of the bag). Originally, the bag contained starch and glucose,
whereas the beaker contained water and I2KI solution (starch indicator). The concentration of
glucose was higher in the bag than outside the bag, thus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I2KI's concentration was higher outside the bag than in the bag, so I2KI diffused down its
concentration gradient, from an area of greater I2KI concentration to an area of "lower" I2KI
concentration. This is shown through the color of the dialysis bag after being placed in the beaker
for 30 minutes. Originally, the dialysis bag with glucose and starch was a clear color, but when the
I2KI solution diffused into the bag, the solution turned black because I2KI turns a solution black
when the presence of starch is detected.
In part II of the lab, potato slices (of approximately the same mass) were placed in cups of varying
sucrose concentrations. All seven cups contained approximately 50 mL of sucrose (0.0M to 0.6M, in
0.1M increments). After the potato slices were incubated for about 24 hours, they were removed,
blotted dry, and weighed. A graph was created by the effect of sucrose concentration on the
percentage change of mass of the potato slices.
The graph/data shows that as the concentration of sucrose increases, the percentage of change of
mass decreases – an inverse relationship. For example, when the potato slices were placed in the
0.0M sucrose solution (pure water), the change in percentage mass was 29.94%; the mass increased
by 0.53 grams. The solution was pure water, thus a higher concentration of

Glucose Concentration In Coke And Gatorade Lab Report
This experiment was performed to determine the glucose concentration in selected drinks, Coke and
Gatorade. Absorbance readings were measured providing us with values to then calculate the
glucose concentration, these values were then compared with theoretical values. Results that were
obtained from the experiment fell short of the theoretical values which resulted from human error.
Enzymes are biological molecules which act in aim to increase the rate of chemical reactions,
achieved by lowering the activation rate for the enzyme to react with substrates to produce one of
more products. Using a multi–step enzymatic reaction, we will be able to determine the
concentration of glucose in both coke and Gatorade (Laboratory Manuel 2017) which will be done
using a spectrophotometer. This is a method measuring both how much of a chemical substance is
absorbed and the intensity of the light passing through the sample solution. (Vo, K. (2015). This also
measures the concentration of NADPH which is a co–enzyme assisting the reaction which followed
by spectrophotometry rely on different absorbance forms either oxidised or reduced,
NAD+/NADH/NADP+/NADPH. NADPH responds well to a wavelength of 340nm and the glucose
concentration will be determined by a certain reaction sequence linking to the appearance of
NADPH. (Laboratory Manuel 2017)
The experiment aimed to establish the concentration of glucose in two sugar beverages, this is
where it is expected for coke to contain much higher

The Effect Of Glucose On The Formation Of Furanoid...
Glucose D–glucopyranose or, more commonly, D–glucose is an aldohexose, a reducing sugar and a
component of sucrose, lactose, cellulose, and starch; the latter is typically used as the primary
material for the commercial production of glucose via enzymatic hydrolysis (de Wit et al. 1993).
Glucose is the primary component for the manufacture of alkyl polyglucosides, D–glucitol, gluconic
acid, and high fructose corn syrup; in fact, D–glucose can undergo a fermentation process to
produce L–ascorbic acid, from D–glucitol, as well as polyesters, polyurethanes, and alkyd and
melamine resins. Moreover, D–glucose can form pyranoid, furnaoid, and acyclic tautomers
(Lichtenthaler and Peters 2004). This tautomeric form must be fixed to help facilitate subsequent
reactions such for the formation of furanoid diacetonide, acyclic dithio–acetal, pyranoid structures,
in glucosidic forms, and glucal or hydroxyglucal esters. Furthermore, an acetylacetone reaction with
D–glucose, with intercession from ZnCl¬¬2, forms highly substituted furan derivatives. Since only
the first two D–glucose carbons participate in the furan formation, a hydrophilic tetrahydroxybutyl
side chain also forms, which can be oxidized to yield a selection of furanic building blocks. In
comparison, D–glucose can react with pentane–2,4–dione, in a moderately basic environment, to
cause carbon addition, followed by a retroaldol style elimination of acetate. Considering that this
reaction uses simple reagents in an

Explain The Homeostasis Of Glucose In Humans
In this report I will explain the Homeostasis of Glucose in humans. Glucose is the sugar in a
human's blood, hence it is most commonly referred to as 'blood sugar'. Humans need to maintain
stable blood glucose levels to stay healthy, as if blood sugar levels rise too high, it can cause serious
and possibly life threatening illness. Abnormal blood sugar levels can lead to serious short term
problems like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis. The purpose of blood glucose
homeostasis is to maintain an effective and safe level of blood glucose in the body, despite any
internal or external factors that may change – Blood glucose in the body is the main energy source,
and is used by most cells in the body, this energy powers many ... Show more content on
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⅕ of a pint of blood).
So what is a negative feedback system? This is a process that senses changes in the body, and
activates mechanisms that reverse the changes that occur due to external factors, with its aim to
restore conditions back to normal levels as quickly as it can. Negative feedback systems are crucial
in Homeostasis of Glucose levels in the human body to enable the maintenance of constant internal
body conditions. Disruptions to homeostasis can be potentially life–threatening. Constant blood
glucose levels are essential to keeping cells and the body and its functions healthy.
So what can affect Glucose levels in the human body? Things that can increase blood glucose levels
are glucose absorbed through the small intestine (eating), and the production of new glucose
molecules from liver cells. Things that decrease blood glucose levels are the transport of glucose to
cells (energy used or stored) and the loss of glucose in urine (this happens in people with

Glucose and Marks
Biological Molecules Revision Questions
1. Maltose and sucrose are disaccharide sugars in which a bond joins two monosaccharide
molecules. Sucrose is formed by the formation of a bond between carbon 1 of a glucose molecule
and carbon 2 of a fructose molecule.
(i) Name the bond that joins the two molecules to form a disaccharide.
.........................................................................................................................
[1] (ii) Complete the diagram below to show what happens when the glucose and fructose molecules
join together.
[2]
[Total 3 marks]
2. Glucose:
is a carbohydrate is a hexose (six–carbon sugar) has the formula C6H12O6 has a six–membered
ring structure. The diagram below ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(i) Describe the molecular structure of glycogen.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
[4]
(ii) Name the type of chemical reaction that takes place during the formation of glycogen.
.........................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total 5 marks]
8. In the search for new biofuels, research has been done into the digestion of wood waste by fungi.
The cellulase enzymes produced by the fungi break cellulose into sugars. These sugars

Why Does An Enzyme Convert Sucrose Into Glucose
I. Science Fair Question How does an enzyme convert sucrose into glucose and how we digest
glucose from different foods?
II. Background Research The idea of this project is to test drinks and foods by dipping a urinalysis
test strip into them and see how much sugar is in each drink and food. This project will measure two
sugars, glucose and sucrose in different foods. It can help prove that too much sugar is not healthy
and how our bodies digest them. The important terms that will be discussed in this paper are
glucose, sucrose, fructose, sugar, and diabetes. Sugar is any class of crystalline carbohydrates such
as sucrose, glucose, or lactose, that dissolve in water and have a characteristic sweet taste (The
American Heritage Student Science Dictionary 331). When foods or drinks are sweet it is most of
the time from sugar. There are many different types of sugars which are called carbohydrates
(chemical compounds that only have carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and mostly made by different
plants). Sucrose is a different name for sugar (Sucrose and Glucose and Fructose, Oh My!
Uncovering Sugar in your Food). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sugar, starches, and cellulose are all carbohydrates (The American Heritage Student Science
Dictionary 57). Carbohydrates are just a fancier way of saying "sugar". It's called an organic
compound because it is made up of one long chain of carbon atoms. They provide living things with
energy and can act as substances that are used for structure. When multiple carbohydrates combine
they change to polysaccharide. They may also be very large or very small molecules

The Effect Of Glucose On Food And Chemistry
Morgan Thiel
General Chemistry
National Chemistry
10/20/14
Glucose Introduction: What influence does Glucose have within food and chemistry itself? We all
know that Glucose itself is a simple monosaccharide that we normally call Sugar, however what
does it all really cover within the basis of food? So let's get down to the bottom of this and discover
what role Glucose plays within the chemistry of food.
Background: Glucose, which is also called D–glucose or Dextrose is a monosaccharide within one
of the carbohydrate groups known as simple sugars. Originally based off of the Greek word,
"glukus", which is translated to the word, "Sugar," Glucose is found the most in fruits and honey. Its
molecular formula is C6H12O6 and is the most common simple sugar regulated in the blood of
animals. Glucose was first discovered within raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas
Marggraf. Since glucose is a core necessity of many living creatures, a basic understanding of its
chemical makeup and structure contributed immensely to the growth of organic chemistry.
Search Findings: All forms of glucose are void of color and soluble in water, acetic acid, and several
other solvents. They are only semi soluble in methanol and ethanol. Glucose is the main source of
energy in cell function comes primarily from carbohydrates which then break down into simple
sugars, and the regulation of metabolism. It is one of the three monosaccharides

Glucose In Bloodstream

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