Executive Privilege In The United States Vs. Richard Nixon

Executive Privilege In The United States Vs. Richard Nixon
In the Supreme Court case United States vs. Richard Nixon there was a lot of controversy about
Nixon's executive privilege. Well, what is an executive privilege? It is known as the privilege, or
special right, claimed by the president in the executive branch of the US government, of withholding
information in the public interest. Although Presidents get special privileges, their rights are "not
absolute and must be balanced against other political interests"(United States vs. Nixon). Nixon
abused his right of Executive privilege when he helped his government officials break into the
Watergate complex. It was said that the Watergate affair relates to the re–election of Richard Nixon,
which later worked out in his favor because he won the election. Well how did this get to the courts?
With more than 5 people involved in the scandal, they broke into the Democratic National
Committee in Washington D.C. and wiretapped the phones in the building and also stole important
documents. The burglars discovered that the microphones weren't working so they broke in again to
try to get them and put new ones in, but got caught by a security guard who noticed that the door
locks were taped over. They didn't know for sure if President Nixon was involved until they found
copies of the White House's reelection ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The judges stated that " neither the doctrine of separation of powers, nor the generalized need for
confidentiality of high–level communications, without more, can sustain an absolute, unqualified,
presidential privilege"(United States v. Nixon/Oyez). The courts agreed that there is limited
executive privilege that a president can pursue in either military or diplomatic instances. Nixon
abused his executive privilege and has the right to obey the court with providing the tapes and
documents that the burglars stole in the break–in and must now face the consequences of his actions.
Nixon resigned not much longer after releasing the tapes to the
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American Constitution
PO 201 – American Constitution
Oct 15, 2012 1. The most general definition of politics would be the process by which values are
authoritatively allocated for a particular society. More specifically that allocation speaks to the
process where it is decided when, what, who, and how resources are distributed. Many would say
that politics is no more than the art of governing humanity through deception, and some would even
go as far as to say it is nothing more than conducting public affairs for private gain.
Government has numerous roles but four of the major areas are paramount. Manage the national
economy. It is the responsibility of the government to place checks and balances within the system
to make sure the economy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7. The Virginia Plan came from a Constitutional Congressional meeting that was originally planned
to revise the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia Plan was drafted by James Madison yet
presented by Edmund Randolph. The concept was a bicameral legislature consisting of two houses.
The lower house was to be elected by the popular majority, and the members of the upper house
elected by the lower house. Both houses had representatives based on the population of the
individual state (directly proportional,) and would create a strong central government with the states
playing a subordinate role. Interestingly enough the plan did include a judicial and executive branch.
8. There are many points that make the American Constitution such a special and unique document.
Five of the major points of consideration would be: Federalism, separation of power, built–in checks
and balances, popular sovereignty, and the Bill of Rights.
Federalism speaks to organizing government based on a geographical division of power. It keeps the
concept that the national government has final authority over all entities. But it still recognizes that
states have power within their borders over issues that are not defined on the national level.
Separation of power is a concept that seems elementary but many governments have missed this
necessary fact. The three branch organization of the US government has an

Executive Privilege Scandal Case Study
speechwriter, started using the suffix "gate" to describe scandals. More than 200 scandals have had
"gate" attached to them. This topic is important to my case because it changed the way people
looked at the presidents because they really didn't know what other president were capable of doing
the things that Nixon did. The American people started to see corruption in the highest form. The
supreme court was 100% correct in the decision they made on executive privilege. No one should
have so much power that the law does not matter for them. They shouldn't have more power than the
law. Executive Privilege is a constitutional principle that allows presidents and/or high level
executive branch officers to withhold information from the courts,

Reflection Paper
Afro–Am 151 has taught me a lot about my beliefs and the way the world operates. When I walked
into class on the first day, I wasn't sure what I was getting into. The only reason I enrolled in this
class was because it fulfilled my Ethnic Studies requirement. I was handed the syllabus and was told
that the class is a service learning course. As a freshman, I had no idea what that meant. Now, I
obviously know what this type of course entails. At first, I wasn't looking forward to doing the 25
hours at a placement site, but after I went and saw just how much they needed volunteers, I started
to enjoy it. It was a nice way to escape the bubble of campus. I didn't realize how trapped I felt
living on campus until I went to Packer Townhouses and saw a whole different side of Madison than
I was used to. Going to my placement site also allowed me to apply the concepts we learned in class
to the real world. It is much easier to understand a class and the topics we are taught when we have
real life scenarios to apply them to. Besides gaining a more in–depth understanding of course
concepts, I also learned more about myself. I found that there is much more to the world than I am
aware of. I was naïve about what happened in the world every day to people who aren't as lucky as
me. It is a much different world to people who aren't white and don't get the opportunity to attend
college or higher education. The key course concepts that I was able to see brought to life the most
are

Seperation of Powers and the Rule of Law Essay
'...If you maltreat a penguin in the London Zoo, you do not escape prosecution because you are the
Arch–Bishop of Canterbury.'
The rule of law broadly requires; that all are equal before the law , that the government is subject to
the law and must exercise its power according to the law, finally that 'there exist fundamental
individual liberties and minimum standards of justice, to which the law must conform' . The rule of
law is problematic to define but put simply it is not 'the rule of men' and is evident in societies with
functioning judiciaries and a clear separation of powers such as New Zealand. It is one of several
intrinsic attributes of our constitutional makeup and overall the Judiciary aid in 'ensure[ing] that the
rule of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the judiciary are intentionally straying into matters of governmental policy then they as unelected,
impartial adjudicators should only do so when cases arise that call for such action, potentially when
governmental action threatens the rule of law – a right afforded to them as a constitutional check on
governmental power. While the judiciary can be viewed as in a constant skirmish with the
Legislature and the Executive much of the judiciary's power to interoperate statutes liberally comes
from powers delegated to it by parliament .
Administrative Law (dealing with regulations) 'is essentially judge made law' and its outcomes are
neither predictable nor its case law concise. Therefore while public law offers substantial protections
against 'arbitrary power' of government it is not easily accessible to all. The courts have no power to
strike down legislation (parliamentary law is supreme ) yet their power to strike down regulations is
still only limited to acts ultra vires. The judiciary is an effective check on executive power (See
Fitzgerald v Muldoon 1976) but its checks on the Legislature are lacking; 'notorious' parliamentary
privilege show that the courts wish 'not to adjudicate matters determined within the walls of the

The Watergate Scandal Of America
The Watergate scandal was an event with many strong incidents in pre–scandal, present scandal, and
post–scandal. How could this scandal affect American politics? One event that is currently
happening right now because it's a result of the scandal and is affecting American politics is the loss
of trust in the government by the public. With conspiracy theories directed towards criminals and
Nixon running out of office, trust in the system was at an all–time low. Another effect of Watergate
is when the media increased its scrutiny of politics and politicians. Ever since the Watergate scandal,
the publishers of media have inflated and over exaggerated the news about Americas federal system
to try to be noticed or start a world controversy. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period, a presidential election was seemed essential because the Vietnam War was taking
place which led the US to a harsh political divide. The harsh methods used in this campaign were
actually known as "illegal espionage". This lead to Nixon's group who reelected the president to
steel "copies of top–secret documents and bugged the office's phones" (Watergate: The Break–In).
This break in was known as a third–rate burglary attempt. Their attempt failed and the committee
came back to the building a few days later to barge right back in, but this time getting caught before
things got out of hand.
This scandal was attempted to be covered up but did not work. President Richard Nixon thought to
himself, if the media found out about this, they would blow the situation way out of proportion and
take it further then needed (which they did when they found out). Nixon also thought that if any
American citizen found out about this scandal, they would lose trust in politics and never be able to
rely on the governmental system. So the people that attempted to break into the system were offered
money to keep quiet and not tell any true stories to the media. Nixon gave speeches and
presentations on how the staff were not the crime committers and that the people who did it were
unknown. His voters and coworkers grew suspicious so they did a mini, untracked investigation.
They found tape recordings of every conversation made in the Oval office; if people got ahold of
those

The Film of Nixon Essays
The Film of Nixon In an adventure though time, one of the great moments to look at is, the Nixon
era in American history. He was the president of the United States of America (U.S.A). He led the
U.S.A in cover ups, war, lies, and so much more. One of the best ways to see what he was like is the
movie of Nixon. It accurately covers most of the events in Nixon's life as president. This will
explain the movie, eight points from the movie that are unlawful and/or unconstitutional, how this
movie affected me, and what I think of the movie. Now without further due, Turn off your cell
phone, quite down, the movies about to begin. To start off the summary of the movie Nixon, does
not apologize for Nixon, and holds him accountable for the ... Show more content on
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"When you quit struggling, they've beaten you" (Nixon), his father says. And his mother speaking in
the Quaker tradition of thees and thous, seems always to hold him to a higher standard than he can
hope to reach. One theme throughout the film is Nixon's envy of Kennedy and Lincoln. He judges
his entire life in terms of his nemesis. He on Kennedy's 1960 campaign: "All my life he's been
sticking it to me. Now he steals from me" (Nixon). He is bitter at not being invited by Kennedy's
family to Kennedy's funeral, reflecting half–enviously: "If I'd been president, they never would have
killed me" (Nixon). He, alone at the end, speaking to the portrait of Kennedy: "When they look at
you, they see what they want to be. When they look at me, they see what they are" (Nixon). When
Nixon ponders a cover–up of the tapes, it is Haig who raises the possibility that backup copies might
surface. Notice the precision of his wording: "I know for a fact that it's possible that there was
another tape" (Nixon). Joan Allen as Pat Nixon, she emerges as strong–willed and clear–eyed, a
truth–teller who sees through Nixon's masks and evasions. She is sick of being a politician's wife.
She supplies the conscience. The first unlawful act in the movie is an over powerful branch. See, all
three of the branches of government (legislative, judicial, and the executive) are

The Social Construction of Whiteness and Race in America
The Social Construction of Whiteness and Race in America A comment was made in a blog post
early on in the year about whiteness in American that bugged me. It's a topic that came up a few
times throughout the semester in and outside of class. Granted, this topic is based on a single blog
post but a collection of comment and statements that were made on specific blogs and during class
sessions. This topic I fin extremely important mainly because I felt as though there was some
confusion around the topic being white. Understandably if you're white in America I think it's easy
to forget exactly how privileged you are. Nonetheless, it forced me to want to talk about white
privilege in America, explain the meaning of "paradox of privilege", ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Tim wise uses pronouns such as "we" and "our" many times in speeches. He uses these pronouns to
describe people in general. He is describing essentially every person. He is giving a message and
making a statement out to people all over the world when using the many pronouns that he does, by
fighting for a society in which those privileges will no longer exist and we will be able to stand on
our own two feet without the artificial crutch of racial advantage to prop us up. "We need to commit
to fighting for racial equity and challenging injustice at every turn, not only because it harms others,
but because it diminishes us as well (even as it pays dividends), and because it squanders the
promise of fairness and equity to which we claim to adhere as Americans."(Page 18 Paragraphs 18)
From this quote it is clear that Wise is not just singling one group of people out he is talking to
everyone (mainly Americans). "It is only when you step back, stop looking at the wires one by one,
microscopically, and take a macroscopic view of the whole cage, that you can see why the bird does
not go anywhere; and then you will see it in a moment. It will require no great subtlety of mental
powers. It is perfectly obvious that the bird is surrounded by a network of systematically related
barriers, no one of which would be the least hindrance to its flight, but which, by their relations to
each other, are as confining as the solid walls

A Brief Note On D2 And Computer Misuse Act
D3 – How to Improve Web Security.
Websites are exposed to the outside world and everything possible should be done to ensure that
they remain safe and enjoyable environments for the people who use them. Legally it is the
responsibility of the owners of the website to ensure that any information stored about customers is
protected and that the site is not used as a base for installing malicious software upon user's
computers or launch Denial of Service Attacks against other people's sites. To learn more about the
legal responsibilities you should read the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Computer Misuse Act
1990. Apart from the legal aspects of security there are also business aspects to it. An unsafe website
will not attract and keep customers.
Server–Side security.
Servers should be protected by strong firewalls and access to ports beyond standard HTTP and
HTTPS disabled. Do not expose your server's entry points more than you have to. Within the server
you should employ an intrusion detection system like Tripwire to catch attempts at hacking whilst
they are occurring.
Access to the contents of the webserver that is hosting your site should be protected with strong
authentication. It does not matter how strong the rest of your security measures are if your
webserver contains weak passwords and default accounts. The passwords chosen should be as long
as possible and contain special characters, such as the dollar sign, to make it difficult for hackers to
use brute force

Separation Of Powers Of Power
Jaspal Singh
WRI 1. Sec 32
Rebeca Antoine
September 25, 2014
Separation of Powers
Separation of Powers is a system in which power is divided between three branches of government.
These branches consist of Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judiciary (Supreme
Court). Each one of the branches is given a duty to fulfill. If one branch doesn't fulfill its duties, the
other branches can force that branch to fulfill it. There is another system that helps these branches of
government to check on each other and limit each other's powers. It is called Checks and Balances.
It helps each branch to limit the power of the other. Each branch has specific duties. The Legislative
branch is made to create or repeal laws. The Executive branch executes and enforces the law and the
Judiciary branch interprets the laws. The Separation of Powers prevents the power going to one
branch. The system prevents the abuse of the power given to each of the branches. The system was
used to limit the power of one branch for a reason, now it is used to make obstacles for bills that will
help the citizens of this country.
The Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances can be seen in action, when a new bill is getting
purposed, treaty is being made and when declaring the war against the foreign nation. When a bill
get purposed to become a law, it shows all three branches fulfilling their duties. The bill goes
through various phases before becoming a law. For instance, if Congress comes up

politicalscifinal Essay
Poli Sci Final
1. List and explain the four main features and functions of constitutions. Be sure to associate your
answers with specific models from countries explored in this course.
According to the teaching of this course, some constitutions features and functions are Theories of
government, humanity, society and God. When it comes down to it , constitutions are designed to
prevent the government from doing unethical things to others like illegal search and seizure and
unwarranted surveillance activities.
We all need protection from the government and ourselves in general. Constitutions that protect
citizens of all races and sexual orientation should be equal and constitutions should be enacted to
protect these rights and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some countries, such as United States, Brazil, India and nigeria link their bicameral systems to their
federal political structure. Bottom line is the bicameral systems can stop governments from making
laws and decisions that are not for the greater good.
Now with any good advantage, there must be disadvantages as well. When you are dealing with
human beings, money and power there is bound to be gridlock and other complications associated
with these procedures.
Although, it can also depend on how the two the two different houses can coexist. Take for instance
Brazil and United States. In Brazil, many political parties are in its legislature and will even switch
sides depending, to whereas the United States only has two parties. Great Britain still uses unelected
persons in the decision making process.
They can either have equal power or one will be superior to the other one. This is where checks and
balances does its best work. Legislature is divided to keep it from being able to hold all the power,
then lets not forget about the powers of Congress has on everything else. The Senate acts as a break
in regards to major changes to laws, which could be a good thing. The bicameral systems uphold
democracy and ride shotgun on the rules of law.
4. Does a strong bureaucracy strengthen or undermine democracy? Be sure to correlate your answer
using explicit illustrations from the countries studied

Nt1330 Unit 3 Essay
Ch 19
1. What changes does FTP make to an ASCII file when you download it in ASCII mode to a
windows machine from a Linux server? What changes are made when you download the file to a
Mac?
Unix, Linux, etc uses only a line feed at the end of each line. So transferring to a Window will add a
carriage return to each line.
New Mac's are Linux–based, transferring from a Linux to a Mac shouldn't change anything.
2. What happens if you transfer an executable program file in ASCII mode?
The file will be corrupted: Any bytes that match a NEWLINE will be altered, resulting in a program
that will not execute properly.
3. When would FTP be a better choice than SFTP?
When downloading public files
4. How would you prevent a local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9. After downloading a file, you find out that it doesn't match the MD5 checksum provided.
Downloading the file again gives the same incorrect checksum. What have you done wrong and how
would fix it?
It can be a few different things, maybe the file was corrupted. It could also be the site where you
downloaded it from. It could be the different settings you have set for SFTP were not allowing you
to download.
10. How would you configure vsftpd to run through xinetd, and what would be the main advantage
of this approach?
To configure vsftpd to run through xinetd, set listen=NO in
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, and create an xinetd configuration file for vsftpd in /etc/xinetd.d. This
configuration allows you to provide finer–grained access control to the server.
Ch. 26
1. How would you tell Apache that your content is in /usr/local/www?

What you want is the DocumentRoot and Directory directives in the Apache configuration file.
In your case these should be DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www" and
2. How would you instruct an Apache server to listen on Port 81 instead of Port 80?
In httpd.conf, change the directive
Listen 80 to
Listen 81
3. How would you enable Sam to publish Web pages from his ~/website directory directory but not
allow anyone else to publish to the web? You could just add an Alias and Directory directive to your
site
4. Apache must be started as root. Why?

How Did Richard Nixon Use Executive Privilege In Court
Richard Nixon was the United States 37th President during 1969 to 1974 where he ultimately
resigned from office due to the Watergate Scandal. During his presidency, June of 1972, five males
broke into the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex and attempted to steal top
secret files about the running Democratic parties for the upcoming election. The fourth attempt to
break–in (one previous break–in succeeding but not accomplishing the goal) had been planned by
Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy at the hand of the Committee to Reelect the President, Nixon's
campaign committee. Mitchell was the key approver for the break–in to take place. They were
unsuccessful due to the security guard working that night discovering many of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
is discussed that demonstrated the use of Executive Privilege in 1998. President Bill Clinton actually
used Executive Privilege 14 times during his Presidency. Clinton was the first President since Nixon
to be denied the right to use Executive Privilege for the Monica Lewinsky case. This case involved a
political scandal of sexual relations between President Clinton, age 49, and a White House intern,
age 22, Monica Lewinsky (CNN). Clinton stated on a speech shown on news channels across the
United States that he "did not have sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky" (CNN). Clinton used
Executive Privilege to hide the fact that Lewinsky was in his office having personal conversations
and to also hide that they were even in that type of personal relationship. On August 17, 1998,
President Clinton admitted to his "inappropriate relationship" with Ms. Lewinsky and

The Non Delegation Doctrine ( Administrative Law )
To start off, one must explain what a full Democracy entails. The Greek word meaning demo means
citizen while kratos means ruled, therefore, the full meaning of democracy is ruled by the citizen(s).
With that being said, a complete democracy would entail citizens directly voting on every piece of
legislation. When citizens can partly vote of legislation and/or they vote in representatives to
represent their interest, it is no longer a pure democracy but rather a democratic republic. A
bureaucracy is not consistent with a democratic republic in one regard: the citizen did not vote to
elect him/her into employment within the government. On the contrary, the citizens did have a right
to vote the representatives that chose to delegate tasks to an agency, which brings me to my next
point: the Non–Delegation Doctrine (Administrative Law book). The Non–Delegation Doctrine is a
strict ideological belief system that entails that elected officials cannot delegate powers to non–
elected officials, thereby making the creation any sort of bureaucratic agency not possible. In a 1928
Supreme Court case named "J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States" (Administrative Law
book)". The Supreme Court decided that elected officials cannot delegate power to an unelected
source unless they provide an intelligible principle to regulate by. Even with the Supreme Court
upholding the characteristics of the decision of the 1928 Supreme Court case, in an absolute, pure
Democracy, a bureaucratic agency

Theoretical Framework of the Study
As seen in the previous literature, much of the empirical research in the last twenty years has
focused on documenting the positive student outcomes associated with service–learning. Despite
this focus, only few studies have also explored the role individual characteristics play in
participation in such outcomes. Susan Jones (2002), for example, finds that the student's ability to
actively participate in all aspects of her/his service–learning experience depends on "the intersection
of the student's own background. . . , developmental readiness for such a learning experience, and
the privileging conditions that put a college student in a community service organization as a
volunteer in the first place" (p. 13). Accordingly, different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In her conceptualization of student resistance to service–learning through the critical developmental
lens, Jones also considers the critical whiteness theory. Frankenberg (1993) describes Whiteness as
multidimensional: "First, whiteness is a location of structural advantage, of race privilege. Second, it
is a 'standpoint' and place from which white people look at ourselves, at others, and at society. Third,
'whiteness' refers to a set of cultural practices that are usually unmarked and unnamed"(p. 1).
Although whiteness has intangible systems of oppression, inequality, and unearned advantage that
are not necessary seen, heard, or felt; they reproduce and support the idea that being white is the
ideal racial identity. Butin (2005) examines the dynamics of whiteness and the extent to which
student resistance "is conceptualized as occurring due to dominant students' rejection of the
exposure and analysis of these same hidden and/or explicit social, cultural, and academic structures
and practices of the school that privilege and sustains white, middle–class norms"(p. 117). As such,
addressing the dynamics of social inequalities through readings, classroom discussions, and
community service visits may confront students with their conditions of privilege, as well as with
new epistemologies that do not necessarily resonate with students' previous knowledge of the world.
These

The Separation Of Powers Is Unnecessary And Obsolete
I. The separation of powers is unnecessary and obsolete: Affirmative
The separation of powers is based on the assumptions that there would be a balance of power and an
equal distribution of information. Those assumptions are no longer valid. First, Congress' increasing
polarization has weakened that body and unbalanced the separation of powers. Its' newfound
inefficiencies create a power vacuum that must be filled. Second, globalization has had a
tremendous domestic impact. As foreign affairs and domestic policies increasingly come together,
the executive's information monopoly in foreign affairs affords it a decision–making advantage
Congress cannot match. Finally, a self–reinforcing cycle means the rise of a strong executive is all
but inevitable. The resolution should be affirmed, as its result would be more effective and more
informed decision–making. First, Congressional weakness and balkanization necessitates a strong
executive. The 112th Congress set a record. Passing just 561 bills, the 112th Congress proved to be
the "least productive Congress in history" passing less bills than any other since statistics started
being kept in 1947. Howell gives the likely reason why writing that "members of Congress can
check presidential influence not so much by organizing and mobilizing coalitions in opposition, but
rather by letting his proposals languish...as a consequence, congressional inaction, more often than
action, is occasionally the preferred response to White House

white privilege
White Privilege: Reflection Paper
Northeastern State University
Abstract
This paper is about my reflection of White Privilege in the United States. I got my information from
four resources. The first resource was the handout provided for this assignment; White Privilege:
Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, by Peggy McIntosh. The second resource was the website,
www.jstor.com. Access is provided via Northeastern State University as a resource for peer–
reviewed articles. Thirdly, the textbook, Cultural Diversity, by Jerry Diller was used as a resource.
The fourth resource is the most important, in my opinion. That resource is my mind. This is an
opinion/reflection paper; therefore the mind of the author is most ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although the minority, pregnant, uneducated people of the world could get all the free help they
applied for. Like I said, I do agree with helping those in true need of assistance. However, there are
too many people who are cradle to grave welfare recipients, and that just isn't right. Somewhere in
the system there needs to be a program in assisting those to get off of the system. According to
Peggy McIntosh, her reasons for feeling that whites have privileges were legitimate reason, like I
said, fifty or sixty years ago. For instance, "I can turn on the television or open to the front page of
the paper and see people of my race widely represented." (McIntosh) This is a true statement for all
races. The United States has done a good job at trying to display all races equally in public
broadcasting and publishing. She also says that if she was to move, her neighbors would more than
likely be pleasant with her. This also isn't true for white people. I lived in a predominately white
small town, and my neighbor legitimately hated my family. I never knew why, but she would do
things that were dangerous to my family. The only thing we could think of was because we were
Catholic. That's the only thing that was different about us. We even had African American neighbors
also, and this lady was nice to them. One time she even lit a match and threw it in a pile of mulch
that

Alexander Hamilton : A Influential And Recognized...
Antoine Malfroy–Camine
Politics 112b Midterm Essay
October 27, 2015
Alexander Hamilton was one of the most influential and recognized political figures who proposed
many ideas that contributed to the shaping of our American governmental system.
Hamilton has gone down in history as a Federalist, a strong believer in the importance of a strong
central governmental system and more power at the federal level and an opponent of the Articles of
Confederation. He was an active participant in the writing of the Federalist papers, which supported
the Constitution; to this day, it remains one of the most influential pieces of writing in terms of
constitutional interpretation. In these federalist papers, more specifically Federalist 70, Hamilton
proclaims that "energy in the executive" is a leading characteristic in the definition of good
government. Hamilton believed that a weakly executed government is another way of saying a
poorly executed government, and leads to a poor government overall. He claims that the government
needs energy in the executive in order to protect the nation against foreign attacks, to consistently
uphold the law, and to secure the rightful liberties against "assaults of ambition, of faction, and of
anarchy" (Federalist 70). Hamilton further states that the crucial ingredients to uphold such
presidential energy consist of unity, duration, adequate provision for support, and competent powers;
this consists of a long enough term for the executive to stabilize

Critical "Whiteness" in Education
Theoretical Framework of the Study
As seen in the previous literature, empirical research in the last twenty years reveals the positive
student outcomes associated to service–learning. However, as Susan Jones (2002) argues, student's
ability to actively participate in all aspects of their service–learning experience depends on "the
intersection of the student's own background. . . , developmental readiness for such a learning
experience, and the privileging conditions that put a college student in a community service
organization as a volunteer in the first place" (p. 13). Accordingly, different complexities may
emerge when students "engage with ill structured, complex social issues present in the community
service settings typically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frankenberg (1993) describes Whiteness as multidimensional: "First, whiteness is a location of
structural advantage, of race privilege. Second, it is a 'standpoint' and place from which white
people look at ourselves, at others, and at society. Third, 'whiteness' refers to a set of cultural
practices that are usually unmarked and unnamed"(p. 1). Although Whiteness has intangible systems
of oppression, inequality, and unearned advantage that are not necessary seen, heard, or felt;
nonetheless, they reproduce and support the idea of White as the ultimate form of racial identity.
Butin (2005) examines the dynamics of Whiteness, and the extent to which student resistance "is
conceptualized as occurring due to dominant students' rejection of the exposure and analysis of these
same hidden and/or explicit social, cultural, and academic structures and practices of the school that
privilege and sustains White, middle–class norms"(p. 117). As such, addressing the dynamics of
social problems through readings, classroom discussions, and community services visits may
confront students with their conditions of privilege, as well as with new epistemologies that do not
necessary resonate with students' previous knowledge of the world; therefore, students may feel
uncomfortable, uneasy and unwilling to discuss social issues.
Critical whiteness studies

Peggy McIntosh's White Privilege And Male Privilege Essay
Privileges are things that a person receives that gives them an advantage over most people
(Merriam–Webster). These are benefits that only certain people receive for being in a certain group
or discourse. Peggy McIntosh, director of the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women,
wrote "White Privilege and Male Privilege" and states "I think whites are carefully taught not to
recognize white privileges, as males are taught not to recognize male privilege" (605). She argues
that whites and males receive certain privileges, yet they do not even notice them. This shows that
different races and women are still put at a disadvantage, but the people who receive the benefits are
blind to the problem. Many people will argue that she is correct ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They also shelter it by keeping it a secret from their own so they never see it as an advantage.
Shannon Sullivan wrote the book "Revealing Whiteness: The Unconscious Habits of Racial
Privilege". She does agree with McIntosh that whites do in fact receive these hidden privileges. In
her book she wrote "Blithely wrapped up in a white world, white people often do not see their own
ignorance and cannot be faulted for not addressing it..." (18). Sullivan explains that white people do
not realize that they are receiving these certain benefits for just being white. They also can't fix this
problem until they realize that they are privileged. The privileges that they receive are mainly social
benefits, which probably why they are hard to see. McIntosh give an example by saying, "I can go
shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed" (607).
This is one of the many over looked privileges that people don't seem to notice. In the book "White
Teachers/Diverse Classrooms", written by Landsman, Julie, and Lewis, they also support this idea
by giving an example of this certain privilege not applying to a person of color, even to the president
of Brown University, Ruth Simmons. Simmons was "followed and question as she walk the aisles"
of a major department store (11). Despite the fact that she was president of Brown University, she
was stilled harassed at clothing store

Principles And Articles Of The United States Constitution
Principles and Articles of the United States Constitution
Self–Government The guideline where the people are the definitive wellspring of overseeing power
and choices are made focused around majority rules guidelines. For example we vote for our
government officials. This is important because citizens have a voice and that voice is heard through
voting (Patterson, 2013).
Division of Powers The rule utilized for the portion of power among the legislative, executive, and
the judicial branches that diagram the obligations of every branch. For example each branch is
responsible for their part of decision making. This is important because it prevents abuse of power
and freedom for all (Patterson, 2013).
Checks and Balances An arrangement of the government used to save an offset of power among the
three branches of government so no other branch can over–power the other two. For example each
branch can veto a bill any time they feel like it is unconstitutional. This is important because each
branch cannot over power the other (Patterson, 2013).
In the United States, the national government utilizes a framework called governing rules to
guarantee that the three extensions of government are working similarly and that no other branch
gets to be above the other two. The three brunches that are focused around the standard of
differentiated organizations offering force are the legislative, executive and judicial. Each one
extension has controls that it can use to check and

Push : Paradigm Complexities : Essay
Push: Paradigm Complexities 1 INTRODUCTION In Sapphire's (1997) novel Push, she emphasizes
an overall theme of surviving and overcoming adversities like identity, mental disability, and self–
image. The dynamics of the book focuses on Clarice Precious Jones, a maltreated and obese, African
American teenager who struggles with the repercussions of being physically, sexually, and
psychologically abused by her parents– mainly, getting impregnated by her father. Precious and her
first child by her father, whom she named Little Mongo, is used by her mother as a means of
survival to receive welfare checks. Aside from her abuse, Precious is forced to cook, clean and
attend to her non–ambulatory mom, Mary. Carl, her dad, continuously rapes her under the
assumption that she "likes it and dies for it" (Sapphire, 1997, p. 24), even though her body is
responding accordingly to its biological function. While she is raped, she is disembodied and copes
with her abuse by occupying her mind with thoughts of "changing bodies" (Sapphire, 1997, p. 24).
As an underprivileged African American residing in Harlem, she authenticates the embedded
societal value of being "light skinned, thereby treated right and loved by boyz" (Sapphire, 1997, p.
113). Her hardships and the realization of not fitting into that criteria, makes her wish that she wasn't
alive and entertains thoughts of suicide (Sapphire, 1997). The story unfolds when Precious is
suspended for being pregnant. Regardless of her commitment

Executive Privilege And Public Knowledge
Executive privilege assures that the president can have open and honest communication within the
Oval Office between his staff and advisors. It also ensures that those conversations are entitled to be
private. Executive privilege happens throughout various presidencies. The primary controversy of it
is whether or not the president has the right to use it in order to withhold information from Congress
or judicial proceedings. There is an ongoing discussion in regards to who really needs to know who
the president is meeting with and what the context of the conversation is, as well as where to draw
the line to distinguish what is private and what is public knowledge. Former President George W.
Bush invoked executive privilege six times ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second claim denied a congressional committee to view the Department of Justice's consultation
on Clinton's fundraising methods while he was president. This sparked controversy because it was
the first time a president used executive authority to prohibit Congress from seeing a previous action
taken by a former president while he was in office. The third claim Bush made was to alter "the
intent of the Presidential Records Act of 1978 in a way that made it harder for the public to get
access to the papers of past presidential administrations."
The fourth claim of executive privilege was the refusal to hand documents over to Congress
regarding the death of Pat Tillman. Pat Tillman's official cause of death was unconfirmed and
originally assumed he was killed my enemy fire. In the end, it was revealed that it was a friendly fire
incident that ended his life. President Bush refused to give the documents to Congress because he
said the documents associate with executive confidentiality interests.
The fifth executive privilege claim made by the Bush Administration was to protect and hinder Karl
Rove, Bush's senior advisor at the time, and other White House aids "...from testifying before
Congress about firing nine federal prosecutors, allegedly for partisan reasons." This ignited a lot of
protests, especially within Congress because it obviously hindered their investigation. The decision
to fire nine federal prosecutors was very controversial

Executive Privilege
Executive Privilege | | | | Virginia Commonwealth University November 14, 2012 | | In the past, the
power of executive privilege has been used by Presidents to conceal information that has to do with
foreign affairs and negotiations, military, national security issues as well as deliberations and policy
making that is done between the President and his top aides. This power is only used when Congress
asks the President or one of his top aides to produce all of the information pertaining to an event or
situation. If the President then feels that parts of this information needs to be kept secret to protect
the best interest of the public, or the other issues listed previously, then he will use executive
privilege in order ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to foreign affairs it is very important that the President has the ability to use
executive privilege. For instance, if the United States was making a treaty with another country, both
countries may have to give things up in order to come to an agreement, and everything considered
by both sides as well as everything agreed upon should not be made public for everyone, including
other countries to see. This is best stated in 1796 by George Washington after the House of
Representatives requested that he give them information concerning his instructions to the United
States Minister to Britain regarding the treaty negotiations between the United States and Britain.
Washington replied by saying: The nature of foreign negotiations requires caution, and their success
must often depend on secrecy; and even when brought to a conclusion a full disclosure of all the
measures, demands, or eventual concessions which may have been proposed or contemplated would
be extremely impolitic; for this might have a pernicious influence on future negotiations, or produce
immediate inconveniences, perhaps danger and mischief, in relation to other powers. The necessity
of such caution and secrecy was one cogent reason for vesting the power of making treaties in the
President...the boundaries fixed by the Constitution between the different departments should be
preserved, a just regard to the Constitution and to the duty of my office.., forbids a compliance with
your request."

Individuals In The Empire Of Oppression
1. All persons in The Empire of Oppression shall be treated equally in equal circumstances.
Discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, political opinion, race or sex or on any other
grounds whatsoever shall not be permitted. 2. Government shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
government for a redress of grievances.
3. Everyone shall have the right to leave the region.
4. All member citizens shall be equally eligible for appointment to public service. 5. Every member
citizen shall have an equal right to elect the members of the general representative bodies and to
stand for election as a member of those bodies, subject to the limitations and exceptions prescribed
by
Executive Government.
6. Everyone shall have the right to submit petitions in writing to the competent authorities.
7. Everyone shall have the right to profess freely his/her religion or belief, either individually or in
community with others, without prejudice to his/her responsibility under the law.
8. No one shall require prior permission to publish thoughts or opinions through the press, without
prejudice to the responsibility of every person under the law.
9. No one shall be required to submit thoughts or opinions for prior approval in order to disseminate
them by means other than those mentioned in the

Constitution
Facts This writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, raising a question of public
importance involving the interpretation of Articles 74 (pari materia to Article 163) and 156 of the
Constitution, has been referred to this six–judge Constitution Bench. On August 7th, 2014, President
Pranab Mukherjee issued a Presidential order removing Mizoram Governor Kamla Beniwal with
barely four months left of her tenure. Ms. Beniwal, who had crossed swords with PM Narendra
Modi as Gujarat governor, was only recently transferred to Mizoram. According to Ms. Beniwal, she
was transferred after a nudge from home secretary Anil Goswami to quit did not elicit the desired
response from her. The Government has stated that the decision to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is requested that these orders may be conveyed to the officer concerned under intimation to the
Government." By an order dated 15 December, 1969 the services of the appellant Ishwar Chand
Agarwal were terminated. The order was as follows: "On the recommendation of the High Court of
Punjab and Haryana, the Governor of Punjab is pleased to dispense with the services of Shri Ishwar
Chand Agarwal, P.C.S. (Judicial Branch), with immediate effect, under Rule 7(3) in Part D' of the
Punjab Civil Services (Judicial Branch) Rules, 1951, as amended from time to time". The appellants
contend that the Governor as the Constitutional or the formal head of the State can exercise powers
and functions of appointment and removal of members of the
Subordinate Judicial Service only personally. The State contends that the Governor exercises
powers of appointment and removal conferred on him by or under the Constitution like execute
powers of the State Government only on the aid and advice of his Council of Ministers and not
personally. The appellants rely on the decision of this Court in Sardari Lal v. union of India & Ors.
(1971)3 S.C.R. 461 where it has been held that where the President or the Governor, as the case may
be, if satisfied, makes an order under Article 311(2) proviso(c) that in the interest of thesecurity of
the State it is not expedient to hold an enquiry

Different Cultures, Beliefs And Costumes
I think it is very important to be aware of other cultures, beliefs and costumes because as a future
social worker, I should be able to give my support and services to clients as individuals. I think that
every individual is unique; thus, I will take the time to validate their thoughts, feelings and
experiences. Some individual's feelings and experiences are originated from racial differences issues
that are occurring. Therefore, being sensitive to a client's need to express his or her feelings about
this matter could go a long way.
Racial Difference Awareness and Transition I was six years old when I first realized that racial
differences exist. It was a year after I my parents decided to it would be best if my siblings and I
lived in Jordan with my mother. My parents wanted my siblings and me to learn the Arab culture
and the Islamic faith while we were still young. Prior to moving to Jordan, we lived in LaSalle,
Illinois where all my friends were Caucasian. I never noticed being different because everyone
around me was Caucasian, and no one pointed out that I was different at that time. Once we moved
to Jordan, I began to notice that children and adults looked different, dressed different and even
spoke an unfamiliar language.
Although, I was a Muslim Arab just like them, I felt out of place and different than everyone else. I
spoke English and very little Arabic, dressed in untraditional clothing, and I was unfamiliar with the
traditions and customs of the Jordanian

â€¢ How Did The Balance Of The Judicial Branch Change...
How did the balance of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches change
between 1789 and 1889? The executive branch grew stronger than the other branches after 1800.
The judicial branch was the strongest branch in 1789 to 1800. But it started to get weaker than the
executive branch. Though the judicial branch was the strongest branch from 1789 to 1800, it
gradually started to get weaker than the executive branch. During the Civil War and Reconstruction,
the legislative branch became stronger. Each branch had strong and weak period.
Though the executive branch was the weakest branch in 1789, it began to get stronger than the other
branches. The executive branch is crucial to the United States because the head of the branch is the
president. The executive branch's weakness was a problem in the United States (Levi, 1976). "The
expansion of governmental activity of the nation's life have caused an irreversible change in our
constitutional system" (Levi, 1976). The executive branch could not expand its own power because
the judiciary and the legislative branch's power was expanding. "One example of the change is ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To prevent anything bad, Lincoln did the best to establish a difference between the ordinary and the
extraordinary (Kleinerman, 2005).
Abraham Lincoln made three amendments during the reconstruction of the United States and the
power of congress made executive branch weak. Lincoln removed the system of slavery, gave
Blacks right to vote, and made voting rights of every immigrant. Abraham Lincoln established that
many law by the legislative branch. When Andrew Johnson became the president after Lincoln's
death, Johnson's attitude toward South was harsh. "Congress took reconstruction by its own hand "
(McKitrick, 1988).
The power of each branch was changed many times during 1789 to 1889. The Judiciary Act of 1801,
Whiskey Rebellion and so on made branches to change a

The Articles Of Confederation Essay
To have more power than what is normally allowed, would that not be similar to that of a dictator?
The issue of power in America goes all the way back to the creation of the Articles of
Confederation. As history shows, that system ended in a complete failure because of how scattered it
was on top of the power each state possessed. This was a huge problem for the country, so by March
4th, 1789, the United States Constitution went into effect and changed America forever. It addressed
most problems at the time that the founders knew about such as the balance of powers (Checks and
Balances), the right to bear arms, free speech, slavery, etc.... The fight between states and the federal
government from the creation of the Constitution till now have laid down the law and the public's
interests that are at stake. The Checks and Balances system gives each branch of the government
power to limit the other branches so that one can't exert its power over the others and be dominant.
Throughout American history, the Legislative and Executive branches have undergone the most
fluctuating change regarding how much power one possesses over the other. Fast forward to 2017
and the Separation of Powers, Executive privilege, and Executive authority are being challenged by
President Trump. It has come to the public's attention that President Trump has a secret Commission
(referred to as the PCRI) that was created to monitor and observe radical "Islamists" in the United
States. This set the public

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
There are both similarities and differences, when referring to checks and balances and separation of
powers. Both have to do with the Government. But separation of powers is a model of government
in which different parts of the government are in charge of different tasks; in the United States, these
parts are known as the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Checks and balances is a means of
trying to ensure that these three parts of government stay equal, and that one does not try to take
over another.
Separation of powers was first introduced as a government model in ancient Greece, and was used
largely in the Roman republic. Under this Government model, the state is divided into separate and
independent entities. The normal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Checks and balances does not separate the powers, rather it expands off of it. Checks and balances
gives each entity of government a different advantage over the other.
Some examples are:
1. The president can veto laws, but congress can overrule the veto with 2/3rd vote.
2. The president and congress could agree on a law, but the supreme court can rule it
unconstitutional.
3. Congress can pass laws, but the president has the option to veto them.
4. The president can appoint judges and other officials, but the senate must approve of them first.
There are many real life examples of checks and balances being used in the US. Take Andrew
Jackson for example. He vetoed over 20 bills after the civil war! Another one would be in 1936,
when the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and the AAA, which were 2 new deal programs passed
during the Roosevelt administration unconstitutional. After the civil war, congress also overrode
over 20 presidential votes!
There are no clear similarities and differences between separation of powers and checks and
balances, because checks and balances expand off of the idea of separation of powers. Checks and
balances relies on the idea of separation of powers,

Attorney Client Privilege
The interesting part of the two matters I will be addressing here is that an individual almost has to
know prior to a suit being filed that litigation may occur. Discussions and written matter, all
correspondence, emails and documents exchanged between parties should be prepared with a
thought to potential litigation. Attorney Client Privilege and the Work Product Doctrine are two
separate and distinct issues and should be treated within the legal world as separate disclosures.
Attorney Client Privilege, which originated in Roman and canon law, has evolved into a recognized
judicial doctrine and is necessary in order to provide clients with access to effective, well informed
counsel. In Upjohn Co. v US the Supreme Court the Court ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Prior to a corporation or its employees taking action, it usually requires an informed legal advice.
Legal direction may be either taken or dismissed; the point is that in order to provide an informed
decision counsel and its direct reports are provided with confidential information. Counsel reviews
the confidential information and provides an opinion on the issue. This opinion may or may not
support the legality of a matter and the company may or may not act because of the information
provided, however, the confidentiality of the initial information provided, the attorney's thought
process, as well as all reasoning associated with this process needed to be retained as confidential.
Particularly when a corporation has in–house counsel, counsel may wear two hats. Not only is the
counsel required to provide legal information, some with expert business sense, is asked to provide
operational and directional advice. Corporate counsel usually holds more than one title; (in addition
to those of General Counsel, Corporate Counsel, Associate Corporate Counsel, etc.) they may also
hold the title of an Officer of the company (e.g. Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President,
Vice President, Secretary, etc.) Counsel needs to be able to separate these titles to ensure that the
General Counsel's Work Product and

Nixon’s Use of Executive Privilege to Prevent...
In the summer of 1972, 5 burglars broke into the Watergate hotel where the democratic convention
was being held. The burglars were eventually captured and arrested, but one of the burglars
implicated then President of the United States of America, Richard Nixon, in the planning of the
break–in. After weeks of subpoenas from congress, demanding tapes that were used to record the
activities in the White House. It was then that Richard Nixon would irrevocably change America's
future by doing something that every president had done before him, he would use executive
privilege to block the investigation into the White House's role into the Watergate break–in. By
invoking executive privilege, Richard Nixon proved his guilt and permanently changed how
Americans viewed the president's use of executive privilege.
Of course, this was not the first time executive privilege had been invoked. In 1776, George
Washington used an offshoot version of executive privilege to withhold documents relating to a
failed military expedition. Although Washington did hand over the documents to Congress, it would
be forever noted that this would be the first example of executive privilege. Despite not actually
using it, it is still seen as the first use of executive privilege in American history.
In the beginning, it is assumed from George Washington's letter to Congress regarding executive
privilege that he intended executive privilege to be used for America's well–being and not for
personal gain.

The United States ' Presidency And Executive Privilege Essay
The United States' Presidency and Executive Privilege Throughout American history, after the
establishment of the U.S. Constitution, the validity of executive privilege has been questioned in
federal courts and among legal scholars on countless occasions. According to Merriam–Webster,
executive privilege entails, "exemption from legally enforced disclosure of communications within
the executive branch of government when such disclosure would adversely affect the functions and
decision–making processes of the executive branch" (Merriam–Webster). In other words, executive
privilege is the notion that the President is exempt from having to give evidence or disclose
information to congressional hearings or to judicial inquiries. Executive privilege also typically
includes immunity from legal disputes involving the presidency. Although not officially referred to
as "executive privilege" until Eisenhower's presidency, the first argument of executive privilege or
immunity took place during George Washington's presidency (The Constitution and Executive
Privilege). Claiming executive privilege has been a common occurrence throughout all U.S.
presidencies and continuing with President Obama. Those who argue against the legitimacy of
executive privilege use the reasoning that it is not constitutional because it is not explicitly
mentioned in the Constitution and interrupts the separation of powers. On the other hand, many
legal scholars assert that executive privilege is necessary for

Iran's Existing Institutions
The current, existing institutions set up in Iran would qualify this country as both consensual and
majoritarian. The Iranian executive branch is composed of a Supreme Leader elected by the
Assembly of Experts, a president and vice president, oversight bodies and a cabinet (World Fact
Book). The Supreme leader is appointed for life by the Assembly Experts, not through the people.
Iran also has a weak, unicameral Islamic legislative branch. It is also important to note that Iran does
not put a lot of its attention toward formalized political parties and interest groups. Iran is a mixture
of consensual and majoritarian government, but recent events and other governmental acts prove
otherwise. While most aspects in its written Constitution label Iran as consensual, the government
does not always act that way. With nearly seventy–seven million people in the country with ethnic
groups including Persian, Azeri, Kurd, Lur, Baloch, Arab, Turkmen and Turkic tribes, and others,
Iran should make the educated decision to move towards a more consensual government to better
represent their people and include minority representation (Iran). To make this transformation, the
Iranian government should make changes dealing with the election system, executive power sharing,
balance of power, political parties and federalism. The Iran election system is composed of a simple
majority, where 50 plus one votes is necessary for a candidate to win ("Iran's Electoral System...").
This type of election

Political Parties And Its Influence On The Political Party
Since the founding of our country and the government we live by, political parties have been
present. These parties have had many influences on our government from their formation. Some of
these influences that the parties have had were good, other were bad. Within our modern
government, parties, have become a major impact and have had much influence. These parties are
present to push their agendas and accomplish what they can through their influence on the
government. The affect that these parties have had on our government can be seen through their
influence on the three branches of government; the Executive branch, the Legislative branch, and
the Judicial Branch. Political parties have a massive influence on the Executive branch, or the
president. The two–party political system is the fore ground of our modern presidential elections.
This system determines the two major candidates that the country ultimately chooses from for the
presidency, either Republican or Democrat. As the American Government textbook states "the
political parties kept a tight control on the selection of a candidate" (Krutz 454). This excerpt from
the American Government textbook shows that the influence the party system has on the Executive
branch is so great that it goes as far as to choose the candidates that the country gets to vote for. The
party chooses the candidates for the presidential election by holding primary elections where
multiple people are put out for the states to vote, the

What Is A Controversial Issue Affecting Our Society
The topic Abortion is a controversial matter affecting our society. People feel as though there are pro
& cons of the procedures being done. Which cause all branches of the US Government to engage
action on the issue. The supreme court, Legislators,
Presidential is now ending the federal funding of abortions. Abortion rights causes arguments
amongst men and women who support and don't support it. Regardless of the bitterness in political
debate of abortion it can be overcome by compassion. The executive branch will vigorously defend
the law against any who would try to overturn it in the courts. However, the Judicial Branch
including Hillary feels as though women have the right to make their own decisions.
The judicial branch supports ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the case Roe v wade the constitution protects a pregnant woman's right to an abortion. States
introduced more than
400 measures restricting access to abortion. Meaning banning of clinics and then removal of those
access to doing abortion procedures. President Obama once stated that "We remain strongly
committed to the protection of women's health, including protecting a woman's access to safe,
affordable health care and her right to determine her own future, the President said", meaning he
was all for abortion. He agreed that safe abortion should be right not just on paper.
The legislation passed an abortion bill that permanently ban federal funding for abortions. The Hyde
amendment bans any federal funding from being used to provide abortions which is permanent.
Republicans will need eight Democrats in the chamber to support the Hyde Amendment. The
Amendment would not provide
Obamacare contributes with subsidies used to pay down the cost of insurance if the insurance plan
covers abortions. Obama care covered elective abortions.
This would end one of the benefits Obamacare. However, there is an exception for abortions for
incest, rape or to save the life of the mother. According

The Bill Of Rights Of The United States
The Bill of Rights was passed because concepts such as freedom of religion, speech, equal
treatment, and due process of law were deemed so important that, barring a Constitutional
Amendment, not even a majority should be allowed to change them. Rule of law is a principle under
which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are: publicly promulgated,
equally enforced, independently adjudicated, and consistent with international human rights
principles. The United States, as a democratic republic, derives ultimate authority and power from
the citizens and runs the government through elected officials. Our elected officials follow the same
rule of law as the people they govern, and it is the electorate's hope that the laws they enforce are
inevitably followed. However, this is not always the case, and during the thirty–seventh presidency
of the United States, the people's trust of our executive office was shaken by a corrupt Nixon
administration and its scandalous ways.
On June 17,1972, American politics changed forever, leaving many Americans questioning their
leaders and looking deeper into the presidency of their country. That Saturday morning, several
burglars were arrested inside the office of the Democratic National Committee inside the Watergate
building in Washington, D.C. These individuals were caught attempting to wiretap phones and steal
secret documents, all in connection to president Richard Nixon's reelection campaign. There are still

Executive Privilege and its Current Implications
Introduction: Executive Privilege and its Current Implications Since the late 18th century,
presidential claims of a right to maintain the confidentiality of information in response to legislative
demands have evolved significantly over the course of U.S. history. This right is regarded as
executive privilege, or "the right of the president and important executive branch members to
withhold information from Congress, the courts, and the public" (Rozell 323). As the federal
bureaucracy has grown to assume the responsibilities for managing and implementing public policy
in a wide variety of areas, it has experienced a steadily ascendant level of executive power.
Congress's ability to obtain information about the ways in which that power is exercised becomes
increasingly difficult as the Executive gains more authority. Key information regarding national
legislation and federal policy rests almost exclusively with the executive branch, and executive
officials have little to no incentive to disclose such information. Members of the executive branch,
including the president, will often withhold certain information from Congress, the courts, and the
public for the following reasons: to protect national security, to maintain an "openness" within the
executive branch, to preserve personal privacy exclusive of public gain, and to maintain the
confidentiality of criminal investigations (Collins). For these reasons, claims of executive privilege
are often highly controversial as they

Stewardship Theories Of Presidential Power
This chapter's first section starts off by talking about how the presidency is structured. It covers
everything from how the Framers first deciding on a single executive, to when term limits were set
in place, how the Electoral College works, what has been done about presidential succession and
disability, and lastly the process of impeachment. Moving on the next section covers the different
theories of presidential power; this includes the stewardship theory and the constitutional theory.
The difference between these two theories is the stewardship theory revolves around the idea that
executive power can be used for any actions or initiatives as long as they are not specifically
prohibited by the Constitution, constitution theory on the other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The next section covers how the president is able to appoint officials, federal judges, and
ambassadors thanks to Article II, Section 2. It also explains under what circumstances the president
can and cannot remove appointed officials without the consent of the Senate. Moving on the subject
of the presidential pardon is explained in detail. The interesting thing with the presidential pardon is
that while it does restore the person's innocent status, the acceptance of it is tantamount to an
admission of guilt in the first place. Besides this the president is also able to grant amnesties, which
grant a person an essential "blanket pardon," and are typically used in the military cases. The
following section goes over the concept of executive privilege, and one of the most controversial
times of its attempted use. Unfortunately, though many times in the past executive privilege has
been used for the good of the country, there have been times where this privilege was abused as
well. After this, presidential immunity is the next focused point to be reviewed in this

Executive Privilege In The United States Vs. Richard Nixon

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