Molecular

4. PCRPCR::
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNARandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA ((RAPDRAPD.(.(
Sequence – tagged sitesSequence – tagged sites ((STSSTS.(.(
Amplified Fragment Length PolymorphicAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphic ((AFLPAFLP.(.(

5. Sequence – tagged sitesSequence – tagged sites ((STSSTS:(:(
OlsonOlson19891989RAPDRAPDRFLPRFLP
TalbertTalbert et alet al, 1994, 1994BlakeBlake et alet al, 1996, 1996..

6. ‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬STSSTS‫ن‬‫ن‬RAPDRAPD:‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬:‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬
RAPDRAPD STSSTS
Target DNATarget DNA
primerprimer
markermarker primersprimers

7. 222020bpbp.(.(
RAPDRAPD::
11Co-dominantCo-dominant
AAAAAaAaRAPDRAPDdominantdominant
11DNADNA
22

8. STSSTS
(Sequence – tagged sites)(Sequence – tagged sites)
CAPsCAPs ISSRsISSRsSCARsSCARsMicrosatellitesMicrosatellites
oror
Simple Sequence RepeatsSimple Sequence Repeats
1- Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats1- Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats
(SSR) / STMs / SSRPs(SSR) / STMs / SSRPs
3- Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs)3- Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs)
primerprimer (((16 – 24 bp(16 – 24 bp
4- Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPs)4- Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPs)
Restriction enzymeRestriction enzyme
2- Inter – Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs)2- Inter – Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs)

9. 11--Simple Sequence Repeats or MicrosatellitesSimple Sequence Repeats or Microsatellites ((SSRSSR(:(:
1 2 3 41 2 3 4
ATC ATC ATC ATCATC ATC ATC ATC
Primer 2Primer 2Primer 1Primer 1
SSRSSR22––33
SSR primerSSR primer::
Primer name Right primer Left primer
Xgwm311-2A CTA CGT GCA CCA CCA TTT TG TCA CGT GGA AGA CGC TCC

11. SSRSSR::
11DNADNA..
22Highly polymorphicHighly polymorphic..
33
SSRSSR::
11primerprimer..
22
44

12. 22--Inter – Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRsInter – Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs((::
microsatellitemicrosatellite
Intermicrosatellite SequencesIntermicrosatellite Sequences..
primerprimermicrosatellitemicrosatellite
primerprimerRAPDRAPD
primerprimer..
ISSR primerISSR primer::
Primer namePrimer name Nucleotide sequenceNucleotide sequence
AD1AD1 ((GA)9CGA)9C

14. ISSRISSR::
11DNADNA..
22--
33microsatellitemicrosatellite..
ISSRISSR::
11
22polyacrylamide gelpolyacrylamide gel

15. 33--Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARsSequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs((::
SCAR markerSCAR markerRAPDRAPD..
primerprimer (( (16 – 24 bp(16 – 24 bpRAPD markerRAPD marker..
11RAPDRAPDmarkermarker
22markermarker
33DNADNAvictorvictor
44primerprimer ((16 – 24 bp16 – 24 bpDNADNA..
55PCRPCRDNADNARAPDRAPD
primerprimer

17. SCARSCAR::
11primerprimer..
22primerprimer
SCARSCAR::
11primerprimer..
22DNADNA..

18. 44--Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPsCleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPs((::
Restriction EnzymesRestriction Enzymesprimerprimer
DNADNA

19. Amplified Fragment Length PolymorphicAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphic ((AFLPAFLP:(:(
VosVos et alet al, 1995, 1995
Template DNATemplate DNA

20. DNADNA100100
::
(1)(1)DNADNA Large amounts of DNA requiredLarge amounts of DNA required..
))22Complicated methodologyComplicated methodology..

21. SRAPSRAPTRAPTRAP