The Cycle Of Drugs And Alcohol Abuse

The Cycle Of Drugs And Alcohol Abuse
As the numbers grow of students who abuse drugs and alcohol, so does the poverty rate. The
poverty rate in our rural community only creates a vicious cycle that has to be broken. There are
many ideas that could render the debilitating effects of drug and alcohol abuse, sadly they have not
been implemented. One solution that stands out in my mind is education. School aged children need
to be heavily educated on the cycle of drug and alcohol abuse. Many students have witnessed this
cycle, but they need a way out and through education that can be achieved. Students not only need
to see school as a safe place, but also as a place where they can earn a diploma and learn life skills
that will lead them in the right direction.
Classes should
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Cycle Of Domestic Violence Essay
According to the NCADV (2015), which is also known as the National Coalition Against Domestic
Violence, domestic violence is defined as the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual
assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control
perpetrated against one partner to another. One of the most recognizable types of domestic violence
is physical violence. This type of violence can cause damage ranging from minor to critical injuries.
Although we can see physical abuse in domestic violence, there are also types of abuse we can't see
from just looking at someone. Domestic violence isn't limited to one person, ethnicity, religion,
social, or economic level, it can happen to anyone. The National Domestic Violence Hotline has
listed facts and statistics about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Belittling, yelling, intimidating and isolation are all ways emotional abuse is practiced. According to
Melinda Smith, M.A. and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. at Help Guide (2016) there is a cycle of domestic
violence. The cycle starts out as: abuse, guilt, excuses, "normal" behavior, fantasy and planning, and
the set–up. When it comes to this cycle, it's never ending. Each step within the cycle feeds the fire.
Abuse starts off by belittling, humiliation and embarrassment. Guilt follows by blaming the victim
for the violent act. The excuses part of the cycle comes in when the abuser realizes what they have
done, and try to make excuses about why they did it. Soon after comes "normal" behavior. This is
merely an act, this step is used to make the victim feel comfortable again and make it seem like they
have changed. The fantasizing part of the cycle just allows the abuser to think ahead of the harm
they will cause. Lastly, the abuser puts the plan into action. Knowing the cycles, signs, and facts
about domestic violence can protect all of us in the long run. It's beneficial to us

Lene Walker's Cycle
In 1979, psychologist Lenore Walker discovered that the majority of abusive relationships follow a
similar pattern that cycles itself. This cycle could happen over any period of time but will almost
always repeat itself a multitude of times. Lenore Walker's cycle is not the exact same for all abusive
relationships, some are much worse, but many share the same three stages which are tension
building, incident, and honeymoon/calm. All three stages are fueled by constant denial from the
victim. The cycle of domestic violence is a traumatic psychological sequence that millions of people
of many different cultures and nationalities are tragically stuck in.
To understand the cycle of domestic abuse, one must understand what constitutes and is considered
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated previously, the victim might believe that the abuser will change for the better or they stick
it out for the honeymoon/calm phase. However, there are many other motivators for a victim to stay
in an abusive relationship. Victims in abusive relationships could have had a very tumultuous and
abusive childhood therefore abuse is what they are familiar with and as humans we seek out what is
familiar to us. Even if a victim is able and willing to escape an abusive relationship, things do not
always begin to get immediately better. As stated before, the abuser wants to control and have power
over the victim. So if the victim leaves, the abuser experiences a loss of power. This causes a
majority of the abusers to begin stalking, harassing, and threatening the victim as a ploy to regain
their previously held power over them. Once the victim has broken out of their abusive relationship
their lives can actually be more at risk than when they were in the relationship due to the drastic
measures that abusers may take to regain their loss of power over the victim. As stated by
Injuryprevention.bmj.com, an international peer–reviewed journal for health professionals and
others in injury prevention, one fifth of homicide victims with restraining orders are murdered
within two days of obtaining the order and one third are murdered within the first month.
Embarrassment is another key motivator for victims, especially males, to stay in an abusive
relationship. The victim does not want to admit that they are being abused by their significant other
for fear of seeming weak to their family and friends. It is very hard for men to admit that they are
being abused by women as women are supposed to be stereotypically weaker than them. For those
in same–sex abusive relationships, the victim's family and friends might not be aware that they

Sexual Abuse Awareness : Breaking The Cycle
Sexual Abuse Awareness: Breaking the Cycle
Sexual abuse awareness is a topic for all families and all walks of life to have at an early age for
prevention and detection. Most sex abuse begins at an early age and many children do not know that
they have been the victims of abuse they may, just sense something does not feel right. Despite the
intentional preying on ones' youth as to prevent detection of the abuse, once a child reaches a certain
age the feeling or indication of inappropriate touch transcends. It is the responsibility of parents,
family, health care providers, and the community to protect and promote awareness to break the
silent, but life altering cycle of abuse. However, many struggle with the introduction of such an
unthinkable, but real problem, what age is the right age for awareness. Could love, affection, and
protection, during ones' childhood be the key to break the cycle of abuse.
Sexual Child Abuse
What is it child sexual abuse, it is the physical, verbal maltreatment or sexual molestation of a child.
This form of abuse can be directed towards the innocence's of both male and female children.
The effects of child abuse are agreed upon by experts that child abuse is a global issue that presents
with life–long emotional, physical and developmental scares and even death. This issue needs
further systemic review and research to aid in prevention strategies that can be best implemented in
the detection and reporting of abuse. "According to the World

Purpose Of Advertising In Advertising
Advertisements come in all shapes and forms; billboards, commercials, signs, prints...etc. Yet, they
all have one thing in common: to spread a message. The sole purpose of an advertisement is to not
only inform their target audience, but to make their audience carry out an action. These actions can
range from buying a specific product, eating healthier, or helping those in need. The advertisements
i've chosen are print ads. Both ads share the same purpose; the prevention of animal and domestic
abuse. These two images focus on the rhetorical device pathos; the term pathos is defined as
emotion. Though, different, the two images are highly effective in sending their message: report
animal and domestic abuse. Through imagery, color schemes, and key phrases; which inform the
audience and hopefully prevent the situation.
In some cases, advertisements like to rely solely on imagery to spread their message. The first image
on top depicts a german shepherd. The german shepherd relatively looks young as if it's a view
months old. Additionally, the german shepherd is looking off into the distance almost as if it's in
high alert. This is because whenever we imagine a german shepherd, we automatically assume:
guard dog. German shepherds are well known for their unconditional loyalty, intelligence, and
protection. Which is why this ad personally makes me feel safe and protected. By including the
german shepherd looking off into the distance, fuels the sense of tranquility and

Cycle Of Violence In Families
Violence in families happens all across the United States. A family member who abuses other
members of the family causes family violence. The person who causes the violence, known as the
perpetrator or abuser, does it to take control and dominate over their victims. They may evoke
physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect or economic abuse. The victims endure the
abuse that is being done to them and is unable to escape because the perpetrator is controlling every
aspect of their life.
Those that are affected are usually children, intimate partners or older adults. These victims of abuse
are usually unable to fight back which causes them to be vulnerable to the abuser. Child abuse is
usually caused by the parents who neglect or physically abuse the child. Women who are in a
relationship may have experienced some type of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Older adults are greatly at risk for abuse if they have some kind of memory or physical impairment.
Older adults may experience neglect, physical or psychological abuse from their caretakers (Halter,
2014). The perpetrator uses any type of force to keep control over their victims, which allows him to
feel dominant in the relationship.
There are three stages to the "cycle of violence" that repeats its self and gets much more intense with
each repeat of the cycle. These stages are tension building stage, acute battering stage and
honeymoon stage (Halter, 2014). In the tension building stage, the perpetrator is usually on edge and
may inflict some harm to the victim. In this stage, the victim constantly feels as if they are "walking
on eggshells"

The Body Image And The Cycle Of Self-Abuse
The body image we have and the cycle of self–abuse is absolutely ridiculous.
Let's think about it...
...As teenagers we look in the mirror and long for smaller breasts, bigger breasts, to be skinner or
bigger. To have less acne, less freckles or more freckles. Better hair, better bodies, better skin and
probably better parents.
...As young adults we set off to experience life and world, we lose weight, put on weight and
perhaps we are a little more accepting of ourselves, but we are still unsure and we really don't love
ourselves.
...As we move into our 20's most of us spend an entire decide thinking we are fat and constantly
dieting and trying to lose weight.
...As we move into our 30's we start to realise that how we looked in our 20's was

Domestic Violence: The Cycle Of Abuse On Women
One forth[3] of women undergo domestic violence. National Resource Center on Domestic Violence
(NRCDV) statistic shows that almost 60% of young females in the world have encountered
maltreatment. Women who "have been hit, shoved, or slapped" are 62%. 33% of women have
"choked or strangled." 11% of women refer to the bad[4] injuries to forecast male who abuse 11% of
females will seriously hurt or kill 11% of females. Two in every eight American females undergo
severe different type of violence which is typically physical violence from their partner. [1]
[5]
The Cycle of Abuse
According to TED talk, [2] abusers always make a[6] illusion to catch captors' preys[7] eyes at the
very beginning step. For example, Leslie ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children might hear, see or even encounter domestic violence. Some babies who are still in mothers'
arms might implicated[12] into violence, probably will "experience the aftermath, and sense the
tension" in the build–up to the maltreatment. Kids will nearly be subjected to emotional abuse of the
mother in the mold of accusations and threats made by controller[13] in the presence as well as the
physical maltreatment often found in abusive relationship[14]. If above situation always exist, where
the wife is being abused, kids are pretty possible to be abused by themselves. Most children who
experience or watch the abuses of kids' mothers likely prove important behavioral and/or emotional
problems including [5] "psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, fears, stuttering, sleep disruption,
excessive crying and problems at school."
Male abusers were abused during childhood reach seventy–three percent. According to national
sample[15] of children and youth, [6] 60 percent of children who are 17 years old or even younger
have been either directly or indirectly experienced violence. [7] Children's Exposure to Violence
claims that 41% of kids were physically harassed before 2011; More than one–half of kids had been
encountered during lifetime; children who underwent abuses within previous year are 14%; six
percent of children admit that they have been met sexual harassment over past

Cycle Of Abuse By Jean Farley
Jean Farley. Session1. Writing Assessment
Farley. Session 1. Journal
It was November, 2007. A phone call that my daughter was in the principal's office in the fetus
position hiding under the desk. That day started a long road of healing for our family. Our children
suffered with PTSD due to the abuse they received from their bus driver. I was experiencing
overwhelming emotions I couldn't shut down. I entered therapy to process trauma from my past that
was being triggered by attuning and caring for my traumatized children. I had vowed to break the
cycle of abuse from my family of origin and now my children had been abused. I stepped into a
recovery program at my church. I began to lead groups to support woman struggling with their
sexual abuse

Family Dysfunction: Breaking The Cycle Of Family
Every family has their own individual problems that they deal with; no family is perfect. Children
go through abuse, witness their parents abuse alcohol and drugs, and experience abandonment
causing them not to feel loved. Unfortunately for the child, experiencing these things puts them
more at risk for repeating the cycle, and going down the same path that their parents did. The focus
of this literature review is to determine how the cycle of family dysfunction can be broken. As I
searched for supporting articles the articles that stuck out to me were the ones that dealt with the
causes of family dysfunction and the ways to help break the cycle of family dysfunction.
The problem of family dysfunction and how to break the cycle is definitely ... Show more content on
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"Primary Prevention of Parenting Dysfunction in High–risk Cases." Am.J.Orthopsychiatry 63.4
(1993): 582–88. Web.
Kupenda, Angela M. "The State as Batterer: Learning from Family Law to Address America's
Family–like Racial Dysfunction." University of Florida Journal of Law & Public Policy, 20.1
(2009): 33–64. Web.
This article discusses specifically child abuse that leads to generational abuse. It says "Studies have
shown over and over again that children who grow up being violently beaten by their caregivers
repeat the abusive behavior toward their own children".
Sanford, Tim. "8 Steps to Break a Cycle of Family Dysfunction." 8 Steps to Break a Cycle of
Family Dysfunction. N.p., 9 May 2014. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.
This article provides eight ways to be able to help break family dysfunction. It gives out specific
statistics from different studies such as "Boys who witness domestic violence in their own home are
three times more likely to become batterers" and "One's dysfunctional personal behavior becomes a
model or example to the next generation, and the cycle can be repeated over and over again". These
statistics are meant to make the readers more aware that what parents do directly affects and trickles
down to the

Cycle Of Child Abuse Essay
The cycle of abuse is a deadly disease that is hard to cure. Children who grow up in a violent house
who are physically or sexually abused are more likely to then become abusive to their own children
when they are adults. Abuse is a problem that reaches all ends of the earth. Stopping the cycle is
hard, and abuse is no tradition any family wants to have. The cycle of abuse is studied by many, and
researcher Coates (2010) explains the trauma of childhood abuse. The trauma that comes with being
physically or sexually abused as a child has an immense impact on the children's behavior, social
skills, their thinking, and even physical function (392). Studies conducted by Coates suggest that
child abuse effect the brain in ways that no one would even imagine. Child abuse specifically alters
the limbic system, which contains the amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and the corpus
callosum (394). To better comprehend the significance of these discoveries, learning how the brain
reacts, especially when faced with threat, is quite obligatory. The frontal lobes in the cortex are
accountable for learning and problem solving (395). Happenings are recorded in the prefrontal
cortex to expand the volume of learning. When children feel they are being threatened, the steadfast
territories of the limbic system are triggered before the more time consuming prefrontal cortex has a
chance to evaluate any stimulus (395). Therefore, due to the constant feelings of threat in abused
children,

The Violence Of Domestic Violence
Cycle of Violence in Domestic Violence
As stated by the Executive Office of Public Safety and Security, "domestic violence is defined as a
pattern of coercive and controlling behaviors and tactics used by one person over another (by or to
any household member) to gain power and control. This may include verbal abuse, financial abuse,
emotional, sexual, and physical abuse." (The Official Website of the Executive Office of Public
Safety and Security.)
Domestic abuse frequently becomes more often and dangerous over time.
After researching
Lenore E. Walker, Executive Director of the Domestic Violence Institute, studied, researched and
interviewed hundreds of women victims of domestic violence and came to the conclusion that many
violent relationships follow a similar pattern. In 1979, Walker developed a social cycle theory cycle
that explains the behaviors involved in a domestic abuse. This cycle developed by her, could take
days months or years to develop, it is different for each relationship and not all follow the pattern,
and not all necessarily lead to physical abuse.
The Cycle of abuse developed by L. E. Walker includes the following 3 phases:
Tension building –Tension builds over common domestic, daily problems. Verbal abuse begins. The
abused person tries to help the situation by pleasing the abuser, giving in or avoiding the situation,
what do not stop the violence. The tension continues, reaches a "boiling point" and the abuse begins.
Acute battering or acting out–

Case Study Of Joe's Cycle Of Child Abuse
Joe was raised by a physically abusive father who abused him throughout his childhood. With this
factor in Joe's life, a cycle of violence has been developed where he now abuses his own children
and shows heavy jealousy when his wife, Mary, tries to breastfeed their six month old son. Mary
grew up with an insecure mother and she has taken this trait and incorporated it into her adult and
married life. Despite being warned by those around her that Joe needs help, she carries on the
relationship with Joe possibly because of her insecurity. She may be of the persuasion that she will
not be able to find another husband especially since her mother told her that 'men cannot love' and
this is her second marriage. She may be afraid to leave or get

Cycle Of Child Abuse
Child abuse is the physical maltreatment of a child. There are several types of child abuse. Child
abuse is not acceptable in any form. Child neglect is a major social problem. Child abuse is reported
about every 10 seconds. Many people believe that child abuse happens with strangers, but it mostly
occurs in the family. Child abuse occurs within a cycle of violence. This cycle continues from adult
to child & so on. The types of abuse are, physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. The most
common type of abuse is emotional abuse. Physical abuse is any intentional injury done to a child. It
does not have to cause pain, leave a mark, or bruise to be physical abuse. Physical abuse includes
spanking, biting, slapping, strangling, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some indicators may require careful observation. A child may have fear of going home. Injuries that
are unexplained, changes in sleeping, eating, behavior or school attendance are signs of child abuse.
A change in sleep is cause the child is often scared, anxious, depressed, withdrawn, & may become
more aggressive. A change in eating occurs because of the stress, fear, & anxiety, which can lead to
a gain in weight or a loss. Sleep changes occur, causing the child to have more nightmares & leads
to being more tired or fatigue. Behavior signs are when a child starts taking high–risk activities &
drug usage or alcohol consumption. This behavior may also lead to the child carrying a weapon.
Inappropriate behavior, then regular or an increase in sexual language than other children is also a
sign. In most cases where abuse occurs, the caregiver may have been neglected or abused as a child.
Caregivers who suffer from low self–esteem feel that they need to have control of other people.
Some signs of child abuse are not shown but violence is more obvious then

The Color Purple Cycle Of Abuse Essay
What is the cycle of abuse one might ask? The book The Color Purple by Alice Walker is suggesting
that the cycle of abuse is a terrible thing,which needs to be recognized by all parties involved to find
the escape route. She gives us the reason why and how a person becomes so attached to their past
and how they withdraw from the reality of society. She explains that it is not only the abusers fault
but the abused for not standing up and realizing it's the abuser's fault. There is a ' cycle of abuse'
suffered by Celie in Alice Walker's novel, which involves abuse, relationship and struggles.
From the beginning of the book, Walker clearly explains that you don't just happen to become an
abuser, there is always a reason. In Celie's case there is, but she does not realize it until the end of
the book. ''He picked up a rock and laid it on my head. The blood run all down my breasts''( Walker
12). The question was, is she going to fight back? From the start of the novel Celie had been slapped
hit and put down by her step father and Albert, her husband. '' He beats me ... Show more content on
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Abuse is like a circle you don't just become an abuser there is always something behind it, in Celie's
case, it was her step father and Albert abusing her throughout the novel, Celie couldn't escape the
cycle because there were factors in her life that held her back. Celie was always blaming herself for
the abuse Albert and her stepfather put upon her. If only she was to tell Albert and her stepfather that
what he was doing was wrong, maybe there would have been a relationship in the end of the novel
The Color Purple. Celie, Albert, and Celie's step father were the reasons for his entrapment, he
needed someone to tell and show him what he was doing was wrong to escape, which in the end he
could have if he had therapy, and could

Domestic Violence: The Cycle Of Domestic Abuse
Domestic Abuse
Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person
against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Domestic violence occurs
when the abuser believes that abuse is an entitlement, acceptable, justified, or unlikely to be
reported. It may produce intergenerational cycles of abuse in children and other family members,
who may feel that such violence is acceptable or condoned.
Very few people recognize themselves as abusers or victims because they may consider their
experience as family conflicts that got out of control. In abusive relationships, there may be a cycle
of abuse during which tensions rise and an act of violence is committed, followed by a period ...
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Some people feel loved if they aren't getting abused. Why do people feel that way? Some people
feel bored in the relationship, wanting more attention from their mate, then you also have some
people that are broken.
There are some people since they was a little child grew up watched their parent being abused, so
they think that it's the right thing to do and that it's love. A lot of times people blame their behavior
on something else, like drugs and alcohol. Drinking does affect abuse, but may be not how you
would think for some people who've never experienced an abusive relationship, it's hard to imagine
why someone would stay. The truth is there's lots of reasons why people don't "just leave" including
that the break up is often the most dangerous time.
Break up are most dangerous because ending an unhealthy or abusive relationship is not like ending
a healthy one. The person abusive partner may not accept the break up or respect the person
boundaries. They may try to control you through guilt trips, threats or insults. It may be very
difficult to have a peaceful or mutual breakup with an abusive

Does Child Victimization Correlate To Crimes Committed In...
Introduction
As children, we are all disciplined, but some children receive more than just discipline; some are
maltreated, abused, and are neglected. The need for child abuse prevention is noted as young victims
do not necessarily cope well with their abuse and most never get over their assault. As part of the
community, we should be seeking ways and looking into methods that can assist in the
psychological well–being in children of abuse. This would mean that we must know when and at
which stage of their life did these instances occur and whether it causes the start of a criminal
lifestyle.
Child maltreatment, is a major social problem that includes both child abuse and neglect. According
to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "over a million children are victims of
maltreatment annually. Over half a million children suffer serious injuries, and about 1500 children
die, making child maltreatment the leading cause of deaths from injuries in children over a year
old." (Violence Prevention, 2016) In addition to this appalling information, child abuse is thought to
have many harmful long–term consequences. In this proposal, the research question I would be
investigating is: 'Does child victimization correlate to crimes committed in women as adults?"
The potential significance of this study is for us to develop our understanding to the prevention
according to the factors which cause the onset of criminality in women. This is relevant for our
public agencies,

What Is Albert's Relationship In The Color Purple
Relationships a person has had in the past can affect the relationships a person will form in the
future. If someone is betrayed in the past they may find it hard to trust people in the future. In The
Color Purple by Alice Walker, Albert's relationship with his father affects the relationship Albert
forms with his son in a cycle of abuse from father to son. Throughout the book, readers learn that
Albert's father has always been very controlling towards him. His father forbids him to marry Shug
and expects Albert to obey. Albert does obey and instead has two unsatisfying, abusive marriages.
Albert is forced to comply with what his father decides. As this part of their relationship is shown, it
is not hard to jump to the conclusion that Albert's father is physically abusive as well as Albert had
to learn to beat children and wives for their resistance to him from someone. The abusive
relationship Albert has with his father affects the relationship Albert forms with his son. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Harpo gets older, he wants to marry Sofia. Albert forbids Harpo to marry Sofia just like his
father forbid him to marry Shug. Albert tries to have the same control over Harpo that his father has
over him. Later in the book, Albert puts the idea that Harpo isn't man enough to control his wife into
his head–almost manipulating him to beat Sofia. Once Harpo does beat Sofia, their relationship
sours and she eventually ends up leaving. The relationship Albert has with his father influences his
relationship to his

Child Abuse and Social Work
Lauren Szymanski
Socialwork 200
November 28, 2010
Child Abuse
Child abuse is horrible and it affects everyone in one way or another. Before 1963, there were no
laws to protect the kids from abuse but thanks to social workers and other judicial people, there were
laws passed (Pfohl). This paper is going to explain why it is so important for social workers to
protect kids by talking about this history of abuse and why social workers need to be around. It will
also discuss what social workers do today to prevent kids from being hurt. Social workers are useful
in just about every aspect of life but in my opinion this is one of the more important jobs of a social
worker because your protecting those of the future. Abuse isn't just ... Show more content on
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The last thing social workers do is to provide parents looking to adopt with kids. Social workers
work with future adoptive parents and after they are adopted to see if they would fit in the home or
if they are transitioning correctly and to make sure these parents are fit to raise kids. These are just a
few things social workers are doing to help kids.
I think that we are doing a great job at protecting kids to the best of our abilities. The only thing I
would change is making it more aware to everyone the effects of abuse and why they should report
abuse the minute they suspect it. There are some who suspect abuse and don't say anything and that
can be very detrimental to a child. We need to as a society step up and do as much as humanly
possible to tackle child abuse. We need to stop the cycle of abuse so hopefully it will cycle its way
out of our society. Which if it cycles its way out then we will hopefully see a future with minimal to
no abuse. I mean I cant honestly say that we can get rid of abuse all together but we can try to get it
down to such a small percentage that people will talk about it like it never happens anymore. At the
same time we need to make sure that the parents of these abused children are not allowed to abuse
them anymore.
This is child abuse in nut shell. The abuse is horrible and it is so detrimental

The Rejection-Abuse Cycle
Psychology Domestic abuse often follows a certain pattern and that pattern is an infinite vicious
cycle. There are two types of abuse cycle. The name given for the first one this merciless cycle is
"The Rejection–Abuse Cycle"(Brown, James, Taylor, 2010, p.280–307), which can be related to
social norms. The pattern is separated into four steps; (1) rejection, (2) threat to self, (3) defence
against threat, (4) abuse. Rejection happens when the man becomes aware of his partner is rejecting
him. Therefore, it triggers the man's previous experience of being rejected. After feeling rejected, the
man will sense a threat to his ego, evoking shame because social norms does not allow men to be
rejected by a woman (threat against self). To protect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PTSD is generally separated into four types; intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in
thinking and mood, and changes in physical and emotional reactions. First, intrusive memories
happens when the woman relives the traumatic event. On a long term effect, women will be scared
to get into a relationship or are afraid because they do not want the abuse to happen again. Second,
avoidance is when the woman does not want to go back to places or do activities they did with their
abuser because it reminds them of the abuse. On a long term effect, women will prefer to stay home,
but that will only lead to depression and having suicidal thoughts. Third, is when women get out of
the abuse relationship, they will have a negative thought about the world and people around them,
they will lose faith in people, so they will choose to stay home and avoid contact. Finally, they will
suffer from lack of sleep or be easily frightened because their emotions are very delicate. All these
symptoms lead back to depression and suicidal thoughts until someone can stop the vicious

Domestic Violence Is A Widespread Social Problem Affecting...
Domestic violence is a widespread social problem affecting women, men, and children. This
phenomenon cuts across cultures and social strata, increasing the likelihood for psychological and
emotional issues for the victim and family members. Waldman, Finzi–Dottan, and Weintraub (2013,
p. 57) affirm from their findings, "Abused women are not a homogenous group, and the repeated
traumatic events throughout their lives may result in formation of insecure attachment patterns and
PTSD which consequently, may impact their perceived parenting." In other words, domestic abuse
victims may suffer long–term consequences, which can ultimately affect their parenting as well. It is
concerning when children are exposed to domestic violence because of the potential disruptions in
psychosocial development and the increased chances that they too will become perpetrators of
violence. Litrownik, Newton, Hunter, English, and Everson (2013, p.60) concluded from their
research findings "that while studying the relative exposure to community versus family violence, it
was found that family violence was more likely to be associated with child problems." The Couunsel
r of Sexual Aassault and Domestic Violence (CSADV) provides services throughout the Woodbury
County region in Iowa to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. This agency is a non–
profit agency that is dependent on government funding and grants. Because of the recent cuts in
state and federal spending, the CSADV is struggling

Vicious Cycle Of Animal Abuse
The Earth never wavers in support of its inhabitants no matter how those habitants degrade and
destroy it. Humans take from the Earth whatever they want and are mostly neglectful in returning
any compensation. This vicious cycle of damage (such as food source and freshwater depletion) will
continue if the current rate at which people are being born does not begin to slow down, and if the
existing masses do not begin to realize that they have askewed the notions of necessity and
indulgence; materialism is not the dominant source of happiness in life. People have become so
ignorant of this that they have taught themselves that they deserve a joyful life at the expense of
nature. The Earth cannot continue to be stripped of its finite amount ... Show more content on
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This has caused farming companies to find faster ways of raising livestock and the animals take the
abuse of these techniques. Animals are being kept in tightly confined spaces, crowded together to
the point where they cannot move. Chickens are confined to tiny wire cages where they are feed so
much that they grow too fast and break their legs under their own weight. Pigs and cows are held in
large pens filled so full with their feces that they contract many diseases, and die horrible deaths.
Also, many of the people who regulate all of these horrible conditions take their own frustrations out
on the animals, or they take pleasure in causing pain onto these defenseless creatures. Even with the
need for more meat, animals should not have to suffer the ignorance of humans; humanity should be
smart enough to find more humane methods of raising animals. Also, because land is essential for
survival, more of it is being taken away from wildlife, ensuring the destruction of many different
species. Already, many different species are endangered, but people and companies are not
rectifying this. Instead, "people have taken away habitat for plants and animals, sucked up their
water, and surround them with pollution" (Biologicaldiversity.org 1). For example, the florida
panther population has plummeted as the state's population has almost doubled The Earth depends
on biodiversity to survive, but humans, because of their unfaltering desire for luxury, are setting
themselves up for destruction. However, it is not just the elimination of land that is causing this, but
also overfishing, and overhunting. The bluefish tuna has been severely overfished to the point where
one, single fish sold for $396,000 (biologicaldiversity.org). Fisheries have to have "a catch reduction
of 20–50 percent is needed to make global fisheries sustainable" but it is not

Chapter 11: The Cycle Of Abuse
11
The Cycle of Abuse.
What is the cycle of abuse?
The cycle of abuse is a social theory that has been developed in order to try and explain the patterns
of behaviors that tend to occur in an abusive relationship.
Every relationship and situation is different of course, but usually the cycle of abuse remains at least
somewhat consistent. Sometimes abuse seems to come out of nowhere. Everything is going
smoothly and then something happens and the cycle starts.
Below we are going to go over the four stages in the cycle of abuse. Once you're well–armed and
ready to take action, the cycle can be broken. The cycle is the same for both teens and adults.
1. Tension Builds – During this phase the stress of daily life adds up. Common misunderstandings ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Incident – This is typically the explosive situation. This can be physical violence, emotional
terrorism, intimidation, and many other things. Sometimes a repeat victim will instigate this part of
the cycle in the hopes of "getting it over with" or lessening the potential injury. It's important to
note, no matter how the abuse starts, the victim is not to blame.
3. Forgive & Forget – During this part of the cycle of abuse the abuser will often apologize, reassure
the victim that it "won't happen again", and become compliant and remorseful. This can also
manifest in both the victim and abuser ignoring the incident all together. Many times the victim is
humiliated and confused, and may wrongly feel responsible for the abuse. The abuser will use this
time to deflect attention from the situation, make sure law enforcement does not get involved, and
other scenarios that work towards the their own benefit.
4. The Calm before the Storm – Some people might call this the "honeymoon period". During this
time, the relationship can seemingly get back on track. Sometimes counseling is involved, or
therapy. The abuser will often be more attentive and "caring" in order to "prove" the abuse will not
last. However, this cycle feeds directly back into the tension building. This can be hard to spot
before a repeat incident

A Summary Of Breaking The Cycle Of Alcohol Abuse
Alcoholism is a disease that not only affects the health and well–being of the alcoholic, but also
everyone close to that person. Some people can control their drinking, but sadly, others cannot.
Breaking the cycle of alcohol abuse can be difficult, and in many instances, almost impossible.
However, FDA–approved medication for alcohol abuse can be used in conjunction with counseling
and 12–step programs with effective results. What follows is a summary of some of the medications
used to combat alcohol use disorder.
Antabuse
Antabuse has been available for over 50 years, making it the oldest drug of its kind on the market. It
works by affecting the body's ability to absorb alcohol. This allows the build–up of acetaldehyde
which means that

Child Abuse Cycle
Ending the Cycle of Child Abuse
Social welfare defined by Charles Zastrow in his book "Introduction to Social Work and Social
Welfare" is "a nations system of programs, benefits and services that help meet those social,
economic, educational and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society." Wow,
does this definition of social welfare get blown to pieces when I begin to think about Dave Pelzer in
the book "A Child Called It." This book is a sad, disturbing, disgraceful, exciting and encouraging
story all centered around one little boy's dysfunctional childhood. When asked to identify eight
systems that failed poor Dave Pelzer, I just wonder and ask who didn't fail this boy. Society as a
whole ignored the idea of child abuse, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once reports are made they are assessed on whether it is a criminal offense needing to be
investigated by law enforcement or if it is non–criminal and needs to be investigated by child
protective services in house. If it is deemed that it is not a criminal case it is sent out to one of the
one hundred and fourteen county offices to begin a process that can take up to forty–five days to
conclude an answer. But who is to say that these cases cannot go from non–criminal to criminal in
those forty–five days? According to the article Caseloads, "CWLA recommends that workers
investigating allegations of abuse and neglect carry at most 12 active cases per month (Caseloads).
Workers carrying ongoing in–home protective services cases should carry no more than 15–17
families, while those providing intensive family preservation services should serve between 2 and 6
families at a given time" but with the numbers reported by the dss fiscal report, there is no way that
child protective workers are not understaffed and overloaded case wise (Fiscal Year 2017 Annual
Report). In order to end the cycle of child abuse we must allocate enough funding to hire the
adequate amount of caseworkers to thoroughly investigate and educate each family. The two go
hand in hand in overcoming this

Lenore Walker Cycle
One may wonder why some individuals remain in the cycle of domestic violence even after
instances of abuse. Should it not be easy for an individual to leave a partner who is inflicting pain
and stress on him or her? Lenore Walker's (1979) model for the cycle of domestic violence explores
the phases of domestic violence, the different types of abuse, and how these various phases
contribute to the continuation of the cycle. Domestic violence is often diagnosed by obvious signs of
physical abuse; however there are other unnoticeable patterns that one may not be able to
immediately observe with the naked eye. Furthermore, domestic violence affects not only those who
directly experience the abuse, but also those who are witnessing it, such as children (Behind Closed
Doors, n.d.; Black, Sussman, & Unger, 2010). It is important to recognize the the less obvious
markers of intimate partner violence in order to break these patterns and work towards ending the
cycles of transgenerational violence. In the model for cycle of domestic violence developed by
Lenore Walker (1979), there are three phases in the cycle of abuse: tension building phase, acute
battering phase, and the "honeymoon" phase. The tension building phase typically involves verbal
abuse and conflict over matters such as finance and family (Walker, 1979). This first phase
eventually leads to the battering phase, where physical abuse begins. Part of the reason why
individuals who experience domestic violence do not

Pecola Cycle Of Abuse
In addition, of all characters, Pecola has been most damaged by her circumstances in life, beginning
with having a family incapable of normal expressions of love and protection. Nearly every event in
her life leaves her a victim, "Although their poverty was traditional and stultifying, it was not
unique. Their ugliness was unique" (Morrison 53 ). The novel examines what influences led to her
fate and what influences kept her from being helped. She believes she deserves the abuse and
neglect she experiences at home based on her self–perceived ugliness. This fact leads to Pecola's
desire for blue eyes, as she believes blue eyes would change the way others see her, allowing her to
transcend horrible situation at home and in the community. Furthermore, Pecola is repeatedly teased
and abused. She is teased at school, gets punched in the face and junior attacks her with cat. "A
group of boys was circling and holding at bay a victim, Pecola Breedlove" (Morrison 80). Her father
rapes her. When she is raped by her own father, all hope flies out ... Show more content on
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When we catch colds, they shake their heads in disgust at our lack of consideration " (Morrison 10).
There is certainly injustice in the way the children in the novel are treated. At the start of the novel,
Claudia is chastised by her mother as being "the biggest fool in this town" for getting sick.
(Morrison 10). Claudia asks the question that is central to the anger, frustration, and pain that results
from the black community's outdoorness from society: "what made people look at them and say,
"Awwww", but not for me?" (Morrison

Effects Of Abuse On The Victims Of The United States
More than 24 million people of the United States of America are victims of relationship abuse in a
given year. Women are not the only sufferers because it happens to men too.
Stoprelationshipabuse.org defines relationship abuse as "a pattern of abusive and coercive behaviors
used to maintain power and control over a former or current intimate partner." Sources say that it
can stem from childhood experiences or caused by alcohol. Facts and myths cloud the subject and
create misinterpretations on the causes. Either of these can create detrimental effects to the victims.
Abuse is a choice that can be influenced by outside factors. Relationship abuse is broken down into
many categories. Some areas like emotional or physical abuse are more typical than economic or
academic abuse. An abuser can prevent a victim from going to class or work just because he or she
does not care for the people the victim is around at that certain place. Due to this, more than sixty
percent of relationship abuse happens at home or private places; as a result, the perpetrator would
not want outsiders to blame him or her. Men and women can both be the offender or the victim.
Statistics show that one in four women are abused and one in seven men are abused. A majority of
society believes men are the abusers and women are the victims; however, that just is not the case.
The victims that seek help are typically women because men can let their pride get in the way. Men
will view seeking help as not having

Abuse and Heredity
Abuse and Heredity Research question: Is child abuse hereditary?
There are many types of abuse such as alcohol abuse, drug abuse, domestic abuse just to name a few
but of all the types of abuse there is one type of abuse that is probably one of the easiest to pass
down and that is child abuse. Child abuse is easy to pass down because we look to what we know
when were not certain what to do. The term for passing down child abuse is known as
intergenerational abuse. There are four methods of child abuse and they are physical, sexual,
neglect, and emotional abuse (Baltes, Smelser, Pg 1672). In the study of a sixteen year old mother
who had been abused her whole life, it was found that the mother resorted to spanking her five
month old ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capaldi and Pears studies show that abuse is found in low socioeconomical environments and also
with relatively young parents (2001, pg 1442). Bensley says one process of intergenerational abuse
is the normative beliefs regarding appropriate parenting behaviors, which she describes as believing
that certain abusive behavior are normal ( Bensley, Ruggles, Simmons, Harris, Williams, Putvin,
Allen, 2003, pg 1323). Which supports the idea that an abusive parent justifies abuse as a legitimate
punishment ( Bensley, Ruggles, Simmons, Harris, Williams, Putvin, Allen, 2003, pg 1331). Graur
identifies 3 different cause of child abuse and neglect, the first cause is called the "economic theory"
which says economic depression or socioemotional difficulties cause rejection behaviors on the part
of the parent (1996, p.55–56). The second cause is called the ecological theory which says any
disorder affecting society will also affect the family (1996, p. 56). The third and final cause of
neglect found by Graur is called the personality theory which states that traits such as low self
esteem, sadness, and previous experiences affect the way a parent acts towards a child (1996, p.56).
In the article titled Child abuse there are 4 main cause of child abuse identified, the first has to do
with life history and personality meaning their own experiences as a

Cycle Of Abuse
The Girl Who Gets Abused: In The Bluest Eye
In Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye the author displays the impact of cycle of abuse towards innocent
females such as Pecola Breedlove. Much time the abusers create a pattern of abuse and therefor a lot
times there close to the victim as in they know the victim either they could be a dad, grandparent,
mom or even a cousin. Pecola Breedlove is the main character of this novel. Once the abuser attacks
then the person who gets attacked, may even become the victimizer. The purpose of this essay is to
examine the theme of cycle of abuse in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye though a shadow complex
framework regarding physical, mental and emotional abuse.
In The Bluest Eye the cycle of abuse has been repeating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Breedlove and Cholly and it can damage a young girls mind. Pauline over looks Pecola to show
another young girl love in the Frazier family. Pauline lets this little white child call her Polly were
Pecola has to call her Mrs. Breedlove. she has different skin tone that could start to effect Pecola's
mental state. She could think its because of her skin color that's why she don't get no love or
affection. In the novel Pauline works for this rich family and she admires them and wants to live
similar to them. So much that she regrets Pecola because not only her skin color she sees her as ugly
but if she didn't have her then maybe her life could have been different and not meeting Cholly.
When Claudia and Frieda meet Pecola at Mrs. Breedlove's job they go inside to this big clean pretty
house and Pauline tells the girls don't touch anything. Well they see this fabulous good looking pie
and course drop it over these clean floors and when Mrs. Breedlove comes back and sees the mess
she says "Crazy fool . . . my floor, mess . . . look what you... work . . . get on out . . . now that . . .
crazy . . . my floor, my floor . . . my floor" (Morrison 109). But as Pecola is leaving she hears Mrs.
Breedlove tell the little girl in the pink dress "Hush, baby, hush. Come here. Oh, Lord, look at your
dress. Don't cry no more. Polly will change it." (Morrison 109). Mentally how another girl being
able to call your "mom" Polly and you

Violence: The Double Whammy Effect
Violence: The Double Whammy Effect
Introduction______________________________________________________
Statement Of The Problem/Context I have been intwined in the cycle of violence since a very young
age.
Unfortunately the cycle of violence has lived up to it's name. As a child not only was I
physically and emotionally abused, I also witnessed my parents abusive marriage.
Choosing to repress the events, believing that if they weren't brought up they couldn't
hurt, allowed the cycle to continue. In hopes of escaping the violence I married and
started a family of my own, only for the marriage to become abusive. I was physically,
emotionally, and sexually abused;consequently, my children witnessed a significant
amount of the violence. My children at times were abused for defending me. I knew
deep inside the abuse was not okay, but abuse was all I knew. The cycle had come full
circle. In the recent years I have broken the vicious cycle in which we have been
intwined; however, it has left me with a need to understand the compound effect of child
abuse and exposure to domestic violence on children.
Oliva 2
Purpose and Thesis I believe that the abuse children experience and are exposed to not only have
physical, psychological,

The House On Mango Street Analysis
Women within the novel and society face an inferior status by men and fall into a cruel cycle of
abuse, but with the help of others the cycle of abuse and poverty and status of inferiority can break.
The House on Mango Street takes place some time in the 1980's. While not long ago, women during
that time face domination by men and most struggle to fight back, which can still be seen today.
Most women become bounded to the house, afraid to leave. Young girls however have the pleasure
of going to school and most, but not all have the opportunity to play around. Although one should
keep in mind that, most women in the novel who face abuse are Latino. In Latino culture, women
are seen as possessions and therefore dependent on their man. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, Rafaela from the vignette Rafaela Who Drinks Coconut & Papaya Juice on Tuesday
faces isolation due to her husband, "On Tuesdays Rafaela's husband comes home late because that's
the night he plays dominoes. And then Rafaela, who is still young but getting old from leaning out
the window so much, gets locked indoors because her husband is afraid Rafaela will runaway....who
drinks and drinks coconut and papaya juice on Tuesdays and wishes there were sweeter drinks, not
bitter like an empty room, but sweet sweet like the island...And always there is someone offering
sweeter drinks, someone promising to keep on a silver string" (80). While to most young girls who
face abuse from their fathers believe marrying and running way can break the cycle of abuse, when
in fact it may even continue it. Rafaela's husband binds her to the bitter empty room for days on end,
a form of mental abuse due to the isolation. Cisneros specific reference to Rapunzel relates back to
Esperanza's statement about storybooks and movies, how fantasies seem better than reality.
Overall, women struggle to find common ground with men and end up a step below them, "a
woman's place is sleeping so she can wake up early with the tortilla star.....Two trains and a bus,
because she doesn't want to spend her whole life in a factory or behind a rolling pin. Is a good girl ,
my friend studies all night and sees the mice, the ones her

Breaking The Cycle Of Child Abuse
Breaking the Cycle of Child Abuse
Alyssa Salcido
4 November 2015
Childhood and Adolescent Development 3303
Dr. Gallik
According to Pecora, Sanders, Wilson, English, Puckett & Rudlang–Perman (2014), "Every year in
the USA, about 695,000 unique children are confirmed as victims of child maltreatment (US
Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau 2011) (p. 321). Such startling
statistics suggest that child abuse is not just a public health issue; it is an epidemic. However,
research reveals that prevention is possible through a collaborative effort made by parents, schools,
the government, social services, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These classes often provide necessary social, emotional, or financial support that will aid in coping
with the stress and difficulties of having children. In addition, as cited by Pecora, Sanders, Wilson,
English, Puckett & Rudlang–Perman (2014), programs need to "influence deeply ingrained
caregiver cultural norms or values that may contribute to child maltreatment." (Rodríguez, et al.
2011) (p. 326). Another way to reduce the potential for abuse is for parents or caregivers to actually
apply these skills in real life. For example, a parent can use the skills learned in classes or programs
to manage their anger or learn how to be a more nurturing parent to their child. However, it is
important to note that continued effort on the part of the caregiver is a must in order to prevent child
abuse. On the other hand, there are many parents who are not at risk for abusing their children. And
these parents believe that education is essential to its prevention. Parents can educate their children
by teaching them the difference between right and wrong touch and the significance of body
ownership. Additionally, and also just as important, parents can teach their children how to say no to
a potential abuser. This dramatically decreases the chance that the child will targeted for abuse.
Lastly, parents can teach their children about the importance of disclosing abuse to a trusted adult
such as a school employee or counselor. ("National Committee to

Domestic Violence Women
About 20 people in the United States are physically abused by their partner every minute, that
means that more than 10 million people are physically abused each year in the United States. Many
people think that women are the only victims of domestic violence, but men can be victims of
domestic violence as well, it is just less common. Domestic violence can occur within any ethnic
background, age, gender, and economic stand. Domestic violence cases are becoming more common
all around the world. But, we usually hear about those cases when it is too late. The victims are
afraid to speak up or ask for help, not only because of the physically abuse, but also the emotional,
mental, and verbal abuse they receive. The abuser wants to show the

Cycle Of Child Abuse
These statistic only shows the reported cases, there are still many unreported cases and children
suffering from child abuse in silence. This is because many people choose to turn a blind eye and
also refrain from getting involve in reducing the number of child abuse cases even though most
people know that child abuse still exist.
Abused child survivors will step into adulthood one day. If the mental scars were not treated when
young, it will cause many issues in the long run. For instance, an untreated abuse child might repeat
the cycle of what they experience during their childhood and in the end, creating an endless cycle of
child abuse. Therefore, the purpose of this is to remind people that child abuse is still happening and
its rate is increasing. Government and society must take this issue seriously and put it as a one of the
"top priorities". Informing and teaching the public to recognize and know what to do when suspect
or know of a child abuse case that is happening around their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
and his team (2012) , it is found that physical child abuse might due to a few external factors such as
financial constrain, family crisis, disobedient of child, surroundings of home, conflict with
neighbours , mental illness and alcoholism. In their experiment, they found out that most of the time
why physical child abuse occur is due to family constrains followed by family crisis and disobedient
child. The lowest factor contributing to physical child abuse is the influence of alcohol. The reason
why financial problem is the highest contribution towards physical child abuse is that because of the
increasing stress level to support the whole family experienced by the parents. Therefore some
might release their frustration to their children. Both family crisis and disobedient child also
contributes to the increasing stress level of the parents and therefore some parents end up expressing
their frustrations toward their children in the wrong

Strategies and Working Practices Used to Minimise Abuse Essay
P5= Describe strategies and working practices used to minimise abuse. In this assignment i will be
describing different strategies and working practices used in different health and social care settings
to minimise abuse. Looking at different characteristics of abuse is the fundamental part in trying to
minimise abuse. There are different types of strategies i will be describing the following six: Written
and Oral Communications
Anti–Discriminatory Practices
Use of IT
Strategies
Needs Assessment
Personal Centred practices Care planning Cycle
Needs assessment: The needs assessment relates to an individual's care and personal needs, the
assessment centres on the activity for daily living and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It involves in monitoring care and reviews from the service user in confidence to reduce the
potential of harm. To enable that the care given to the individual in the right way the care worker
should monitor the care given and keep other members of staff informed about any changes which
will help minimise abuse in the care setting.
This is an example of the care planning cycle >>>>>
The care plan cycle is started off with the plan, the care worker then identifies the aims and goals.
After a needs assessment is complete whilst they review it, they would also monitor the service user
regarding if their aims and goals are met, the cycle is broken the care worker has to take a look at
what went wrong and when it went wrong. Written and oral communication:
Communication between professions and service users help minimise abuse, as written and oral
communications reduce abuse it helps improve the bond between the service user and the care
worker. Reports made should be kept and information from service users should be dealt with in
confidence, because if the information of the service user is under covered it could mean that they
will be facing abuse. For example; if the service user is receiving abuse from a person but they are

hearing impaired and can only communicate using sign language, then it will be best if the care
worker knew how to talk in sign language as the service user may only feel

Kanal Cycle Of Abuse
There is connectivity among demographics of abused people. Abuse of a child and elderly person
appear to be similar. It would also appear that those who abuse choose those who are easily
manipulated or who are easy to physically control. Kanal (2011) establishes that the elderly are in a
very venerable position, what makes this type of abuse problematic is that abuse takes place by the
hand of trusted caregivers, nursing homes, and even family members. The author also suggests that
the "cycle of abuse" theory is also common. In this instance, the children of abusers find justice in
abusing the parent or guardian in later years as a form of payback (p. 195). On the other side of the
abuse spectrum is domestic violence. This is an interesting

What Is Nature Or Nurture Essay
"It's Nurture, Not Nature" A question that many psychologists ponder is "What determines your
personality and behavior: nature or nurture?" There have been countless studies and experiments
that attempt to prove one side or the other. From twin studies to evidence of breaking the cycle of
abuse, it can be seen that personality and behavior are due to nurture, not nature. A prime example
that personality and behavioral patterns are based on nature is alcoholism and drug abuse. Popular
belief is that if your parent is an alcoholic or drug addict, you will become an addict too. Yes, people
who are the children of alcoholics "are at [an] increased risk" of using drugs or abusing alcohol
along with "behavioral and emotional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study showed that "a personal abuse history was not significantly associated with either child
abuse potential or dysfunctional disciplinary style" (Rodriguez and Tucker 252). If dysfunctional
parenting styles and abuse were genetic; the cycle of abuse would never end. This study proves the
cycle of abuse can be broken and you have the power to control your behavior. It is also evident
through tin studies that nurture determines personality and behavioral patterns. In most twin studies
testing personality and behavioral differences, the twins are not raised in the same environment. In
this study, monozygotic twins who are "identical in gender, age, and genetic makeup" who also live
in the same home are used (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 300). They will be testing the effortful
control of each twin. This means they will be testing a "regulative dimension of temperament, which
is associated with later internalizing and externalizing problems" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang
300). 585 pairs of monozygotic twins, "from 11 to 18 years [old]" were used in this study (Guo,
Chen, Li, Yang and Zhang 301). The parents involved in the study were asked to assess their
children's "capacity to voluntarily regulate behavior and attention" using "a scale ranging from 1
(almost always untrue) through 5 (almost always true)" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The
children would then rate their mothers as "nurturance–involved parenting, harsh–inconsistent
parenting, maternal warmth, and hostility" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The study
revealed that nurture "was associated with adolescents' effortful control" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and
Zhang 305). Researchers determined "that negative maternal parenting (harsh–inconsistent) and
maternal negative expressivity (hostility) were linked to lower levels of effortful control, whereas
positive maternal parenting (nurturance–involvement) and maternal expression of positive emotion
(warmth) were

Intergenerational Cycle Of Violence Theory Essay
The Intergenerational Cycle of Violence Theory as it relates to Child Abuse
The intergenerational cycle of violence theory in the context of child abuse and neglect suggests that
abused or neglected children are significantly more likely to repeat their offender's actions, or
exhibit criminal behavior later in their lives. The potential pervasiveness of this issue is why it is
important. If violent behavior can be transmitted from generation to generation through a familial
setting, then there are three main variables to the problem: the increased percentage likeliness an
abuse victim later becomes an offender, the average number of children born into a violent family,
and the criminal justice's ability to intervene to prevent this transmission. The seriousness of this
issue can either be negligible or a widespread health issue depending on the variables.
The National Institute of Justice conducted a study that followed a set of child abuse victims and a
control group of non–victims through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A sexual abuse victim for example, may later become involved in prostitution or substance abuse
(Karmen, 2013, p. 234). Prostitution and substance abuse are usually nonviolent crimes that would
not specifically fit into cycle of violence theory. However, an abuse victim that later becomes a
criminal of the nonviolent variety can still be viewed as an example of intergenerational cycle of
criminality. The victim is still more likely than the average person to become a problem for law
enforcement, even if the problem is nonviolent in nature. In this sense, physical abuse victims
cannot be given a vast amount of attention and resources, while victims of the other forms of child
abuse are simply ignored just because they are not as likely to become violent

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