Consumer Culture Essay

Consumer Culture Essay
Consumer culture is a fundamental part of many modern societies across the world, influencing a
wide a range of areas from politics to economics and identity. Consumption is viewed as
significantly powerful force in the economy and therefore understanding consumption and consumer
culture is a vitally important resource both for the benefit of the economy and the individual.
Consumer culture theory aims to understand the behaviours and attitudes of consumers from a
sociological perspective, as opposed the economic mindset in which consumer culture is usually
viewed. Consumer culture theory attempts this through understanding the relationships between
consumer actions, the marketplace, and cultural meanings (Arnould and Thompson, 2005). ... Show
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Individuals use possession to create and maintain identity, however the identity an individual creates
through consumption of goods can not always be controlled (Friedman, 2005). An obvious example
being clothing, an individual may purchase clothing that they believe makes them look fashionable
but the items could in fact cause other to perceive them as unfashionable and out of date.
The value of items is created by consumers through the meanings they attach to said items.
companies can try to influence the meanings attached to items but the overall meaning and value
attached to items is by the individual (McCracken, 1986). This also means that different items can
have different cultural value and meanings to different individuals. some items may have no external
value but have very significant value to an individual, for example family heirlooms or photos. this
personal value however does not transfer between individuals and while some items may hold
strong value for an individual the item itself is not a commodity that can be exchanged and retain its
value (Howard, 1999). gift exchange is an important aspect of consumer culture, gift exchange
involves the idea of reciprocity. In a gift economy gift exchange creates social bonds and
interdependence. gift giving creates a mutul obligation to return the gift and continue the cycle, a
poorly
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The Impact of Culture on Consumer Behavior
Running Head:The impact of Culture on consumer behavior
The impact of culture on consumer behavior
[Author]
[Institute]
[Instructor]
[Course]
Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 4 General cultural differences: 4 Culture other than
Own: 5 Own Culture: 5 Cultural differences in marketing and consumer behavior: 6 Consumption: 6
Motives for Consumption: 8 Implications of cultural differences on marketers: 8 Discussion: 8
Examples of behaviors: 9 Conclusion: 9 References: 11 Appendix 1: 12 Survey Form: 12
Abstract:
The role of culture and consumer behavior in shaping marketing strategies is explored in the
research. The research design includes a secondary literature review as well as primary research
using a survey sample size of 30 individuals. The research provides a significant account of the
factors influencing cultures, differences between UAE and UK culture. The motives of consumption
are also investigated through review of secondary literature and analysis of survey results. The
relevance of consumer behaviors with regards to strategy formulation for marketing is also
discussed. Finally it is concluded that corporations develop their marketing strategies according to
the cultures and target market attributes.
Introduction:
The culture plays a significant role in development of attitudes and behaviors for purchase and
consumption trends. The consumer market trends are chaining in emerging markets. China and
Middle East are

Tattoos And Consumer Culture
In recent days, the consumption of tattoos may be considered contradictory in its ability to make
someone be different and its potential symbolism of various subcultures allowing the consumer to fit
in. While many cultures around the world started using tattoos as a way to mark status, spiritual
devotion, bravery and protection, Western society began using tattoos as a symbol of criminality and
deviance. This perception of degeneracy has been argued to derive from European middle–class
ideas of evolutionary superiority of their "civilised" society versus other "savage" ones (1993, p.
10). With the rise of the "rock star" in the seventies, many subcultures began to use tattooing to defy
the dominant ideology of an ink–free body being society's attractive norm (Kosut 2013, p. 143;
Sternberg, 2017 a). In recent years, popular culture and incorporation altered mainstream
perceptions of tattoos and challenged the traditional ideologies connecting tattoos and deviance
(Kjeldgaard & Bengtsson 2005, p. 172). By exploring the development of tattoos in consumer
culture, this essay examines the contrasting beliefs regarding whether consumption practices are
sites of resistance to the dominant order or sites of conformity.
The history and social significance of tattoos is very complex, as stated by Karacaoglan (2012):
"Although the practice of tattooing has been in existence for millennia, tattoos have acquired
renewed and widespread currency in contemporary Western culture. Tattooing

Consumer Culture In The 1920s Essay
Without question, the 1920s "new era" was one of the eras in American history that made the most
progress, especially from immense business and industry contributions. These business and industry
contributions to America included the creation of automobiles, radios, house appliances, and much
more. Not only did these product contributions change America, but also efficiency improved within
the "new era" increasing the production of goods. Overall in this time period, the consumer culture
had a significant change with the development of mass production industries, welfare capitalism,
and government efforts to enforce prosperity abroad. One of the most acknowledged industries for
fueling the growth of the consumer culture was the automobile ... Show more content on
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These factors that occurred after World War I were why mass consumption was possible for the
consumer culture. The assembly lines improved efficiency and started mass production while
demand for these products rose dramatically. Even though the mass production industries brought in
thousands of jobs and kept unemployment low, the wealth that the industries brought in was not
distributed evenly. For example, wealth did not improve much for the employees whose jobs
required manual labor but the employees who worked in a higher position or "white–collar workers"
experienced greatly improved wages. Eventually, the "Dollar Decade" consumer culture had reached
its peak and soon the economy was reliant on the consumers in which the demand for products had
lacked. Companies were over producing products and soon company leaders such as Henry Ford
noticed that "'mass production requires mass consumption.'"(Roark, Pg.755), which could not be
met. Eventually, the average American's income could not keep up with the production and
industries lost business, resulting in the start of the Great Depression.(Roark, Pg.750, 753, 754,

Political Theater And Consumer Culture Essay
The most essential skill in political theater and a consumer culture is artifice. Basically means that
skill they used is artifice." Its an image–based culture communicates through narratives, pictures and
pseudo–drama." It's interesting because it explains how the political leaders and consumer of culture
have both in common of artifice. You need to master the art of entertainment and if not "who fail to
create a narrative or do not have one fashioned for them by their handlers are ignored." To begin,
with leaders internally talk about their last to get the crowd to know them a bit more, so they can see
how they would act upon anything important from their personal point of view. Political theater is
going to be handle of "propaganda to create

Consumer Culture in Modern Europe
Consumer Culture in Modern Europe Consumer Culture in Modern Europe Nazi Chic, Fashioning
Women in the Third Reich written by Irene Guenther's is one of the finest books of all time. This
book on fashion was written during National Socialist regime by the author. It is the first book
written in English that deals with German fashion during and after the World War one. Many
consider this book as a jewel for those who are interested in women and aesthetic politics during the
period of National Socialism. The topic of the book was not discussed openly in the public at the
time of its release but the author managed to give convincing facts on the importance of modern
fashion in the Nazi state by credibly arguing on its political and economic importance. "The book
tries to tell us about the failed attempt of Nazis to formulate female image for gender policies and to
prove their pride and success in the fashion industry of Europe so that they could establish its
control on the fashion industry and portray modernization of women in Germany which
unfortunately was not the case." The positive aspect of this book and the reason why people seem to
like reading it was because the author has supported her statement with appropriate proofs and
evidence. The author has written this book with ultimate devotion and in great depth from the First
World War to the Second World War by including and sighting confidential matters for some of her
chapters. It was a very informative and great

The Consumer Culture Final Project
Consumer Culture Final Project
This semester having to track all of my buying has been very helpful and eye opening. I was able to
break down all of my buying into 8 categories; clothes, food (groceries), food (restaurants),
entertainment, gas, gym, miscellaneous, and school. I was able to conclude that most of my
purchases were paid with a debit card with the exception of my school payments. Most of my
purchases were in store with the exception of a few purchases online. The majority of my purchases
were wants and not necessities, and after doing this project throughout the semester I have a lot of
unnecessary buying. This paper is a reflection of all of my buying.
This graph is a visual of the overall amount spent through the semester. Looking at the entire
semester I spent a total of $5,668. I spent $308 on clothes in store and online, $459 on food in the
grocery store, $562 on food in multiple restaurants and fast food, $1,049 on entertainment like my
vacation and movies, $340 on gas, $177 on the gym, $123 on miscellaneous items from CVS or 7
eleven, and $2,650 on school tuition. The overall amount surprised me because I did not even think I
earned this much in the semester. It makes me very uncomfortable because there is a lot of money
spent on unnecessary things. For example, I spent $562 on food from restaurants. This is so highly
unnecessary because I also spent $459 on groceries. The category where I spent the most money was
school tuition, which is expected.

Essay on American Consumer Culture
As a country, Americans love to shop. Whether in malls, grocery stores, on the Internet, or
elsewhere, the culture of buying is deeply ingrained in American culture. Fueled largely by
advertising and the current credit system, America's consumer culture is depleting our planet's finite
natural resources and polluting our environment. Consumerism has instilled in Americans an
artificial, ongoing, and insatiable desire for mass–produced and marketed products, and the money
with which to buy them, with little regard to their actual usefulness or necessity. This constant desire
to acquire more possessions is poisoning the planet, as it can never be sated and thus results in the
never–ending exploitation of the Earth's natural resources, and ... Show more content on
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One of his famous expressions is, "The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the opinions of the
masses is an important element in a democratic society. It is the intelligent minorities which need to
make use of propaganda continuously and systematically" ( ). The idea behind this statement has
been widely used ever since for commercial profits, through the manipulation of public opinion and
the power of mass marketing.
Consumerism often causes people to identify with a product or brand on a personal level. Certain
products have come to represent different levels of society, with swankier products like muscle cars
indicating high class and such products as generic "store brand" shampoo indicating low class.
People feel that they have relationships with their favorite brands and products and define
themselves by what they buy and own. The mass production of cheap products uses precious fossil
fuels at an alarming rate. This has an obvious negative impact on the environment.
In her biography of North Carolinian "mountain man" Eustace Conway, Elizabeth Gilbert explains
ways in which Conway rejects consumerism. He lives self–sufficiently off of his Appalachian
mountain land– making his own clothes, hunting and gathering his food, starting fires by rubbing
sticks together, bathing in icy streams, living in a

The Consumer Culture Of The 1920s
The 1920s was a decade filled with prosperity, chaos, and excitement. During the 1920s, many
ground breaking inventions were introduced, such as the Model T Ford, the radio, and the television.
The discoveries and cultural developments of the 1920s would go on to shape America for decades
to come. The 1920s was arguably one of the most important decades in American history, in regards
to the impact it had on American culture and way of life. Such an important decade should have a
nickname, thus the 1920s were called the "Roaring 20s." The decade of the 1920s is referred to as
"roaring" because it was a time of dramatic social change, as demonstrated by the birth of a
consumer society, the rise of a party culture, and the abandonment of long standing morals.
The 1920s are described as "roaring" because major social developments occurred during the 20s, as
shown by the creation of a consumer culture. The Great Gatsby depicts the consumer society when
Fitzgerald's fictional character Daisy Buchanan bawls, "'They're such beautiful shirts,' she sobbed,
her voice muffled in the thick folds. 'It makes me sad because I've never seen such–such beautiful
shirts before,'" (Fitzgerald 99). Fitzgerald's portrayal of the fictional character Daisy represents the
consumer culture of the 1920s; Americans were obsessed with materialistic wealth. Also, during the
1920s, the economic wealth of America increased by twofold, granting many American families
with a newfound disposable income.

Kardashian Consumer Culture Essay
The society in which people live today is, in large part, primarily engrossed in both the quantity and
quality of things in the average person's possession. This display of possessions is perpetuated
through our culture in every way seemingly possible, whether it be on television, reality shows,
magazines, movies, social media and more. Take the Kardashians, for example, as a source of
opulent wealth being exposed to society in a way that while may seem glorious and desirable, does
not equally coincide with their happiness with that same lifestyle. Several Kardashian's have
struggled with depression, body–image problems and more, likely as a result of living this flashy
lifestyle in front of the public eye. According to researchers, this two–way misconception that the
amount of items a person may possess equivalates to their self–worth, and internal value is a grand
problem in common day society. It is arguable that the two variables, materialistism and
unhappiness, directly correlate to one another and have been proven to do so in various experiments.
This derives from an unnatural process in which a human strays from a healthy path benefiting them
with wholesomeness and satisfaction, rather, and placing them on a path of authentic material
happiness that they believe defines their net–worth. The damaging ... Show more content on
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Consumer culture in the United States of America is a set list of values that are constantly reinforced
through media and are necessary in order to stabilize the economy as well as keep up with the ideas
of capitalism. In an effort to enforce consumer culture, the media has incorporated subliminal
messages referencing unhealthy habits of purchase, obsession with wealth, power, fame, and all
other things that will ultimately leave you empty, hoping for more to refill the void, and thus
repeating the very same cycle

Celebrities And Consumer Culture Of Citizens
Celebrities and consumers alike have evolved thoroughly throughout the years, which has led to
them overlapping quite exponentially. Personalities are interlinked majorly with consumers since
without the other; the other would cease to exist. This is evident as celebrities livelihood relies
completely upon the consumer culture of citizens, which is what makes them famous, and gives
them that celebrity role. Whilst this is apparent, the links involve
As stated by Graeme Turner in Understanding Celebrity, 'the contemporary celebrity will usually
have emerged from the sports or entertainment industries; they will be highly visible through the
media; and their private lives will attract greater public interest than their professional lives' which is
quite an accurate statement. A majority of the public believes that celebrities exist for the publics'
sake and combined with the statement 'without us they are nobody' it sort of correlates. But when
you think about the fact that these are people too with feelings, families and private lives, not so
much. The introduction of social media allowing everyday people to intrude on celebrities' lives also
breaks the barrier marginally. This allows for another level of interaction for personalities to reach
out to the public and therefore can have massive impacts on their stardom. The function of celebrity
is to be the 'super human'. In fashion industries enormous pressure is put on models to remain
'skinny and attractive'. This is where

The Effects of Religion and Culture on Consumer Behavior...
The Effects of Religion and Culture on Consumer Behavior
Religion and Culture play an important role in influencing consumer behaviour in relation to food
intake
"Human beings are not born with a set of behaviour, they have to learn it. What they learn is dictated
by the culture into which they are born or within which they grow up" – J Bareham (1995)
Culture makes us similar to some people but different to the vast majority. It is learnt as a person
grows up within society and can be either taught or imitated. Formal instruction comes from parents
but a person also learns by imitating peers and persons in the media. Culture compromises of many
aspects such as Language, Politics, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many similarities but yet many differences across all cultures and religions, for example
both Jews and Muslims must not eat Pork or consume Blood, but in contrast a Muslim may eat
shell–fish whereas a Jew cannot. Another contrast can be seen in the Hindu religion where orthodox
followers are forbidden to consume any meat at all.
"Having well considered the origin of flesh foods, and the cruelty of fettering and slaying corporeal
beings, let man entirely abstain from eating flesh." – The Manusmrti (5.49)
In the Hindu religion a strict Caste system is followed and dictates who a person can eat with, who
prepares a persons food, what sort of food is prepared for someone and who food can be accepted
from. However for Hindu followers living in a western society it is not always possible to adhere to.
For example pre–packed food or food from a canteen/restaurant would not be able to be purchased
as it might have been prepared by someone of a lower caste. This is a good example of religion has
to adapt to allow for the culture one lives in relation to food intake.
In China the staple diet remained relatively unchanged until as

Duggan Consumer Culture
With the continuing development of Internet technology, news has never been shared faster. It is
easy to access national and international news in seconds. Despite the fact that network news may
be losing some viewers, online articles and news sites are gaining more attraction. News and media
can have a significant impact on people's perceptions of different cultural issues, thus affecting
consumer culture. According to Bryant and Oliver (2009, p.9) "how a person feels about a particular
issue may be rooted in his or her personal experience of in the general culture or exposure to the
mass media". Throughout this essay I will analyse the language used in an online article from Mail
Online by Richard Littlejohn, titled "Duggan was a Gangster, not Nelson Mandela". I intend to show
how young black men are criminalised in the news media and how this affects black consumer
culture and perpetuates negative stereotypes. Despite the fact that the article focuses on issues in
London and the United Kingdom, I will focus this discussion on the United States, as this is where
racial profiling, criminalisation, and police violence is significantly ... Show more content on
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His language implies that the people supporting Duggan's family are dangerous, angry, and savage.
He calls them "aggressive hecklers" and states that when searching the internet for hate crimes, the
Met office needn't look further than a "few violent thugs [...] in the public gallery at the Royal
Courts of Justice". Littlejohn goes on to argue that Duggan has had a "well–documented criminal
career" and that he was a "gangster" that was intent on harming someone ("if he wasn't a gangster,
why was he carrying a gun on the day he died? [...] Perhaps he was going duck hunting on the River
Lea. Then again, perhaps not"). This language reflects what Smiley and Fakunle (2016, p.355) refer
to as "micro–insults and

The Rise of Consumer Culture Essay
Consumer culture has developed over the years for many different reasons such as the demise of the
social class and embourgeoisement which are both key factors in capitalism and has therefore led to
the argument that consumer society merely reflects the rise of capitalism which I plan to discuss
within this assignment. The origins of consumer culture have been discussed by Grant McCracken
(1998) who argues that there is minimal agreement in regards to the origins of consumer society.
McCracken took on the viewpoint that it would not be beneficial to look at a specific point in time
in which consumer culture arose but to primarily focus on patterns of changes within culture and
how these pattern of changes led to the reformation of society. ... Show more content on
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However the works of Neil Mckendrick (1982) led him to the viewpoint that consumer culture
began in eighteenth century England with the commercialization of fashion which led to a mass
change in people's taste. So according to McKendrick the sudden change in people's taste in relation
to fashion during the eighteenth century meant that terminology such as 'style' developed and
represented the shift in demand for items of clothing that was produced on a larger scale by new
technology within the textile industry and marketing to a mass audience through improvements in
printing technology which allowed and supported mass advertising to all members in society. The
third was the development of the department store. According to McCracken the Department store
changed the nature of purchasing activity because department stores essentially institutionalized
consumption and changed the way in how consumers were influenced and to how much influence
they were subjected to in relation to purchasing goods and services. From looking at the work of
McCracken and McKendrick it is clear that the development of the consumer society came from an
increase in the supply and demand mindset which is a key factor or element within a consumer
society. Also the change in meaning in relation to consumption is another example of the
development of the consumer culture because the term consumption was ignited through a new
sense of

Culture-Bound Consumer Behavior
Module 1 Exam 1. When selecting a UPL the Commander must take into consideration which of the
following qualifications? The commander appoints an officer or non–commisned officer ( e–5 r
above) on orders as the UPL 2. What are the side effects of THC? Short Term Memory Loss 3.
Rohypnol is known as a Date Rape Drug due to its association with which of the following behavior
patterns? Rape 4. Ethical reasoning is characterized by ______? Beliefs 5. How many perspectives
are used by leaders to think about an ethical problem to determine the most ethical choice? 3 6. Step
two of the seven step problem solving model which screening criteria solves the problem and is
considered legal and ethical? Facts 7. Rap ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
copies of the NCO creed, one per inductee s. 7a t. Who serves as the host of the NCO Induction
Ceremony? Battalion CSM u. 7b 8. Who has primary responsibility for foreign humanitarian
assistance (FHA)? Host nation v. 8 w. An example of a populace and Resources Control task is
_____. Monitoring all FHA operations for complance with applicable laws, agreements, treaties, and
contracts. x. Foreign Humanitarian assistance (FHA) operations share inherently complex operations
that require a significant amount of ______coordination. Interagency 9. All nation assistance
operations are usually coordinated with the _____ through the country team. The US ambassador y.
_____ are military operations that help stabilize or continue the operations of the governing body or
civil structure of foreign country. Civil Information Management z. The CMO staff provide the
commander with analysis of the civilian aspects of the environment with an evaluation tool know
as? ASCOPE {. Who is responsible for recommending functionl skills required to support stability
ops? CMO Staff 10. In the context of ASCOPE, ____ are organized groups that may or may not be
affiliated with government agencies? Civil organizations |. 10a }. In providing analysis for the
Commander, identifying the

Consumer Culture Of The 1950s Research Paper
The 1950s is described as the "'golden age' of capitalism," where a comfortable standard of living
became accessible to many new, middle–class Americans (991). According to Foner, "the official
poverty rate, 30 percent of all families in 1950, had declined to 22 percent a decade later"(991). The
poverty rate declined as more Americans entered white–collared jobs with increased wages.
Essentially, the "American standard of living" during the 1950s was characterized by the ability of
citizens to participate in the mass consumerist society; this was only possible through an increase in
income. Jack Straus, the chairman of the board of Macy's stated "'The consumer is the key to our
economy...The luxuries of today are the necessities of tomorrow'"(Foner 994). The American
economy was based off of consumers; "In a consumer culture, the measure of freedom ... Show
According to Foner, "By 1960, 80 percent of American families owned at least one car, and 14
percent had two or more, nearly all manufactured in the United States"(). Many families owned
automobiles, for it enabled long–distance vacationing and commuting to work, malls, etc. The
ability for people to travel farther distances through means other than trains and trolleys stimulated a
population shift from cities to suburbs. Approximately one third of Southern California, a mainly
suburban area, was "paved over with roads and parking lots," hence showing a transformation in
American landscape. Infrastructure had to accommodate for cars as they became central to
American life. Not only did the automobile alter the American landscape with a web of roads and
freeways, but it also led to "the construction of motels, drive–in movie theaters, and roadside eating
establishments"(). The automobile revolutionized America, as it allowed for individual mobility and
private choice–a symbol of

Impact Of Consumer Culture In The 1950s
During the 1950's art took a major turn in history from traditional styles depicting people and scenes
of everyday life to abstract thoughts and ideas that were transformed onto a canvas to express
emotions and ideals in society. People, events, and society have always impacted several styles of
art, but the consumer culture in the 1950's impacted art in a new completely unique way. Post WWII
society was more industrialized and more focused on developing and selling new products. The
postwar generation had more disposable income to spend on the latest and greatest products and the
market turned to advertisements in mass media to get their products out there to consumers. With
televisions and films increasing in popularity the market flooded these forms of media with catchy
flashy ads that showed favorable people like movie stars using products. With the increasing use of
mass media, the culture shifted to consumerism which effectively shifted art as well. Art was
directly impacted by the consumer culture because of society's use of advertisements, photographs,
and films which artists like Richard Hamilton and Andy Warhol used those elements in their own
works to portray the change of societal standards in a new modern style of art called pop art.
During the 1950's in people were concerned with the idea of consumerism which meant that society
was constantly looking for the next best product to come on the market. This idea comes from
people who are constantly buying more and

Advertising Appeals Within Cultures Based On Consumers...
DIFFERENTIATING ADVERTISEMENT APPEALS WITHIN CULTURES BASED ON
CONSUMERS VALUES
BY
RAJSHREE PANDA (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR I),
AMITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, AMITY UNIVERSITY
E.MAIL: rpanda@amity.edu
PH:9999130121
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to examine Impact of Advertisement Appeals within cultures based on
country characteristics and Schwartz values
Approach – This paper describes important to identify values which can be used as a communication
tool in advertisement to design appeals in accordance to the individualistic and collective cultures.
.Primary and Secondary data and various models are studied to identify them.
Findings – Results reflect that for a product to be communicated across cultures different
dimensions has to be taken care of because of huge cultural difference prevailing. Organizations
have to carefully examine these factors to successfully design advertising appeals for a product to be
adapted globally because of the cultural sensitivity attached to it.. Eventually, organizations would
have to create differentiation based on psychological attributes based on value dimensions.
Originality/value –. The paper can be helpful to Multinational organizations having employees of
multiple cultures wherein they can use this research to design their advertisement strategies
according to International clusters, based on Schwarz value dimensions
KEYWORDS: Individualistic cultures, Collective cultures, Schwartz values, advertising Appeals

How Holidays Affects Consumer Culture
Holidays have always been known to affect our consumer culture for many years, but how it all
began eludes many people and very few studies have been completed on it. Even though some say
that the subject is too broad to precisely identify how holidays, especially Christmas, directly affect
our market, I have found that people's values, expectations and rituals related to holidays can cause
an excessive amount of spending among our society. Most people are unaware that over the
centuries holidays have become such a profitable time of year for industries that they now starting to
promote gift ideas on an average of a month and a half ahead of actual holiday dates to meet
consumer demands. Religions influences on consumer's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In view of the fact that spirituality was very important to people in earlier days, merchant stands
soon started to be seen in the churches court yards due to the vast numbers of people who attended
worships services on a daily basis. Merchants and traders soon became a familiar figure around
churches especially during the holiday season when services were held more regularly and the
turnouts were larger which usually meant they had a better chance for a sale. The merchants offered
various products such as produce, meat, fabric, toys, and home made jewelry for all to see. In the
picture above a Melaka Christian churchyard is filled with merchants trying to sell their products.
Religious beliefs soon formed new values as the importance of gift giving became a 'tradition'
among religions. In most religions helping others who could not help themselves was already a
steadfast belief. As people's values of wanting to help and give to others started to intertwine with
the calendar holidays many people started to look for newer and better gift ideas for their loved ones
and soon strangers as well. Christian's predominantly could be found buying minuscule little gift
items, such as notebook paper, pencils, and ribbons, for the homeless children, their families and the
poorer community that could not provide for themselves during the holiday seasons. Along with
people's changing values of the holidays the public was now attending

Immigrant Women And American Consumer Culture
Immigrant women were susceptible to the American consumer culture as soon as they stepped foot
on American soil. One aspect of consumer culture some immigrant women partook in was the
consumption of silent pictures, which were accessible to immigrant women who could not speak
English. Silent pictures provided immigrant women with exposure to American culture without the
necessity for understanding the English language; in this scenario pictures were louder than words.
Immigrant women also benefited from silent pictures as being a guide for assimilation into
American culture, as films displayed the American way of life. However, the first generation, the
mothers would have been resistant to the movies because they did not come from the community or
the family; the only two entities the immigrant mother trusted. Elizabeth Ewen in "City Lights:
Immigrant women and the Rise of the Movies" states that for the second generation of immigrant
women, The price of admission to new culture was the negation of old–world notions of
womanhood; needs appeared for clothing, hairstyles, and makeup necessary to assume the external
appearance of an 'American,' for forms of economic and sexual independence away from maternal
authority. The second generation of immigrant women sought to assimilate into American society by
changing their appearance to fit with American culture. This made the second–generation immigrant
woman a consumer of the latest fashion trends that would help them blend

Middle-Class American Consumer Culture In The 1960's
The 1960s was a time when the consumer–based economy became customary in American culture.
Though apparent in previous decades, consumer culture matured during this time with middle–class
Americans generating more disposable income due to the post–war economic upturn. This
newfound wealth came channels for self–expression that allowed new opportunities that challenged
traditional American philosophies regarding sex and other social norms. What was once considered
taboo, could now be bought at a price. The commercialization of sex founded a new sexually
liberated America. When World War II ended America experienced a "baby boom". Americans were
quick to procreate. They felt the future held nothing but tranquility and prosperity. They were right.
Between 1945 and 1960, the gross national product more than doubled from $200 billion to more
than $500 billion1. This increase was due to government spending on projects such as the
construction of interstate highways and schools, the distribution of veterans' benefits and an increase
in military spending. Inflation and unemployment rates were low. Wages were high. Middle–class ...
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The expansion of the magazine industry in the post war years gave the American public easy access
to ideologies that were being presented in advertisements.3 Also in the post war years, cultural shifts
magnified longings for immediate gratification, with the middle–class becoming more open by a
leisure–oriented consumer ethos.4 Carrie Pitzulo, author of Bachelors and Bunnies: The Sexual
Politics of Playboy, states "with more disposable income and a diminishing sense of identity,
growing numbers of men looked to magazine's to confer an identity to guide them through the
expansive consumer market". These male–targeted publications presented an image that encouraged
men to reinvent

Bateman Consumer Culture
Harron further depicts her version of 1980's consumer culture by emphasizing the depth at which
materialism has invaded the minds of the all characters. The epitome of self–absorption is Bateman
himself, and foreboding quality when combined with his lack of morality and aggressive tendencies.
Harron makes use of narration in order to introduce Bateman to the audience, something she
employs at the very start of the movie. After detailing his morning routine Bateman narrates that
"there is an idea of a Patrick Bateman, some kind of abstraction, but there is no real me. Only an
entity, something illusory. And though I can hide my cold gaze, and you can shake my hand and feel
flesh gripping yours and maybe you can even sense our life styles are ... Show more content on
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It is through his narrations that the audience is shown the extent at which Belfort revels in his own
excessive debauchery. Towards the beginning of the film Belfort asserts that "money doesn't just
buy you a better life, better food, better cars, better pussy, it also makes you a better person. You can
give generously to the church or political party of your choice. You can save the fucking spotted
owls if you want. I always wanted to be rich"(Scorsese 4:20). Belfort's primary drive is to have more
material things in his possession, and this includes his wife and his children, because he believes
that it will make his life better and more fulfilling. But despite all of his debauchery, lies, and
manipulation that he executes in order to acquire more things, Jordan Belfort ultimately goes
unpunished. Sure, he spends a brief period of time in jail, but he ultimately never feels any
psychological remorse for his actions, in fact, in the last scene of the movie, he is teaching a
gathering of willing pupils how to become an amazing salesman like him(Scorsese 2:51:37). As one
writer comments, "he makes no efforts to explain or justify his actions. On the contrary, he trusts
that, vicariously at least, we are glad to participate in the deception and debauchery. 'I want them to
live like me,' he says of his savages, and for three hours, that includes us"(Rollert).

Topic Consecrating Consumer Culture
I don't think a real authentic community could ever be found on a virtual church site. According to
Chapter 6: The Internet and Christian and Muslim Communities, "The internet has become one of
the most important resources for information as well as misinformation, playing important roles as
both shaper and reflection of the world's culture."(Peterson, 124). A distraught person seeking
spiritual assistance online could receive false information about a religion and join a cult. The
chapter also stated that "...such websites are plentiful, but they tend to be static and infrequently
updated."(Peterson, 130) From my own experiences a church community is rarely static unlike
virtual churches.
Virtual churches lack deep personal connections. Religious ... Show more content on
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Does this make us sinners as a society and do people even think about this mixture between religion
and a profitable season during Christmas?
To answer your question, not everyone who celebrates Christmas are religious so most don't think
about the mixture. The reason for this because according to Chapter 2: Consecrating Consumer
Culture, "...producers often soften the religious content of the Christmas special by reading a
religious theme into secular material."(Thompson, 48). Most people don't care that Christmas is
becoming secular. I don't think that makes us "sinners" but perhaps slaves to secular materialism.
Every year consumers are pushed into the corner to buy because it's considered odd to not have a
"jolly" holiday filled with laughter and presents. Christmas is supposed to be the "best time of the
year". We've been conditioned (especially children) that good behavior equals gifts. People from
different economic backgrounds feel a lot of pressure to give their loved ones what they want.
According to Chapter 2: Consecrating Consumer Culture, "...Christmas specials create an
uncomfortable emotional state that can easily be comforted by shopping, by patronizing the
advertisers of the show that made the viewer uncomfortable in the first place." (Thompson, 49).
Despite the consumerism mess behind this religious holiday, it's a blessing in disguise

Clapp's Assessment Of American Consumer Culture
I think Clapp's assessment of American consumer culture are accurate and insightful. An
examination of history and our modern cultural trends reveals the validity of Clapp's assessment.
For example, in the nineteenth century pictographic and flashy advertising taught the consumerism
lifestyle to Americans and transformed America into a society of consumerism. "Consumers, in
short, were made, not born" (Clapp, 1996, p. 366). From the 1800s to the present day advertisers
continue to actively and aggressively sell a lifestyle with their product. [Modern consumerism is] a
fun–house world of ever–proliferating wants and exquisitely unsatisfied desire, consumption entails
most profoundly the cultivation of pleasure, the pursuit of novelty, and the ... Show more content on
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Kilbourne demonstrates three major main criticisms of advertising. First, advertising objectifies
people and objects for the purpose of sales. This critique promotes products as more important than
people and exploits human deeds and desires. Kilbourne offers ample evidence to support her first
criticism of advertising. For example, Kilbourne examines advertisement such as the Thule car–rack
– which humorously places more value on sports equipment been a child's life – is evidence of the
trend that advertising is "objectif[ing] people...trivializ[ing and exploiting] our most heartfelt
moments and relationships. Every emotion [,person, animal, and natural phenomenon] is used to sell
us something" (Kilbourne, 2006, 369). Second – according to Kilbourne – advertising promotes and
perpetuates the unnatural passion for products rather than personal relationship. "Advertising
corrupts relationships and then offers us products, both as solace and as substitutes for the intimate
human connection we all long for and need" (Kilbourne, 2006, 370). Within this concept,
advertising also commits 'cultural rape' by manipulating sacred symbols for their utilization as
emotional leverage in advertising. Third, advertisements damage the personality and structure of
culture. For example the Giwch'in tribe's traditional culture was almost erased by the introduction of
advertising through television. "As multinational chains replace local character, we end up in a
world in which everyone is Gapped and Starbucked...[Thus] rampant commercialism undermines
our physical and psychological health, our environments and our civic life, and creates a toxic
society" (Kilbourne, 2006, 371), which robs individuals of cultural and personal diversity. Based on
the evidence presented by Kilbourne, I strongly agree with all three of these

Consumerism: A Part Of American Consumer Culture
The American attitude has always been to work as long, and as hard as possible. Not everyone
agrees with this idea, but for those who do, why is that? Is it because that is what they were told? Is
it because they are truly passionate about what they do? Perhaps it is so they can just afford to buy
what is needed to live. However, what about those who work overtime just so they can afford the
luxuries like going on vacation, or buying a new phone? This need for luxuries dates back since
after the Civil War ("Consumerism," par 4). Another part of the American culture is shopping, in
fact shopping is now perceived as "a patriotic activity" ("Consumerism," par 1). This is what
consumer culture is, the push to buy what isn't a necessity. Whether or not consumer culture is a
positive influence is absolutely up for debate. On one hand it can have many positive impacts such
as creating an economy that has allowed countless companies to become extraordinarily rich and
influential. Also, this has created a culture aimed at working as hard as possible to gain success.
However, not everyone has seen these benefits. There are still people who, despite their efforts they
cannot afford the consumer culture lifestyle, and have become outcasts in society. In addition, if the
people were not enough, the environment has been impacted substantially by consumerism for an
exceedingly long time now, though this impact is still being debated. Today's economy is greatly
affected by incredibly

Consumer Culture Essay
Looking at consumer culture through the lens of sociology. *Seeing how consumer culture has
changed throughout the past few years. We will be discussing four different topics in depth; how
companies have been abusing this consumer culture, how consumer culture is dominating free time,
how consumer culture has shaped me throughout my life, and what activities might not be
associated with consumer culture. The first element on the table for discussion is how companies
have been abusing consumer culture. With his era of television becoming the centerpiece and every
family is home, we have more advertisements than ever. One huge way companies take advantage
of consumer culture is through these advertisements. A good example of this is washing ... Show
Looking around a store you can find many instances of this; pre–made meal made by malnourished
workers, flags of freedom stitch together by people in cages, or even formal attire sewn by people in
who wear nothing but rags. This consumer culture is brought together by greed and the Public's own
ignorance. Consumer culture has changed from logos being an indicator of how good their product
is to how good a person is depending on what companies they support. For instance in both of these
cases of consumer culture; a person who wears only Nike shoes might think of that company as an
outlet for freedom and comfort, while at the same time nike has hundreds are factories around the
world with people being underpaid and living in terrible conditions. The second question on our
agenda is how my free time is dominated by consumer culture. Personally I am somewhat of a
cheapskate, I've never really bought into the all those "As Seen On TV" products, and
advertisements have seldom played into my purchasing process. However I am in no way excluded
from this consumer culture, I am just as ingrained as everyone else. If I'm playing a mobile game
and an ad for another mobile game that I might have already heard about comes up, I take it as
incentive that I should look into this game. If I'm listening to one of my favorite podcasts and they
mention a movie in high regards, there's a good chance i'm going to watch that movie. If a video
game, movie, artist I really like comes out with a

American Consumer Culture
Consumer culture can be defined as a free enterprise in which its main focal point is on selling the
consumer goods while spending the consumer money. An individual's way of purchasing
merchandise that reflects their anatomy and appearance. Meanwhile media enables an easier
portrayal of consumer culture by exemplifying an America based on consumerism since the dawn of
the industrialization. Along comes conspicuous consumption, the act of purchasing the luxury
lifestyle to portray a euphoria of one's being. Many embellish this lifestyle to elicit a better view of
class. In American society, consumer culture has three major effects; the overspending of the
masses, America's overexposure to advertising, and the systemization of class caused by ... Show
With an ever growing rate of national debt, americans are making more decisions on their spending
rather than in their savings. According to Grayson Bell's article 'Overspending in America – The Sad
Truth' publishing statistics on the overspending truth of the american lifestyle shows that, 'The
average American spends $1.33 for every dollar spent'', which is devastating to the american
economical growth of the country. According to the usdebtclock.org, the US owes
$898,235,950,000+ in credit card loans, this is an ever growing debt that the american people have
caused by overspending. Many spend money to embellish a lifestyle that can't be afforded, hence
conspicuous consumption, yet without a strong discipline to control their temptation it has become a
finite between spending and savings. Forgetting the difference between the want and need can truly
affect how americans feel about overspending money. In Kathryn Buschman Vasel's article,'Why we
over Spend'' the reason behind an individual's failure to save money states that 'almost everyone will
overspend at one point in their life, but some feel like they deserve the same goods as their peers ––
and that's where the problem lies: not knowing the difference between wanting something, deserving
something, and being entitled to something'', many are oblivious about the obsession of spending on
the wants, so the poor decisions continue to arise with an America being now a consumer and not a

Consumerism And The Conformity Of Consumer Culture
The dominance of capitalist countries has facilitated the conformity of global civilization and
cultural environments resulting in an increase of consumer cultures (Sarmela, 1977; Chaney, 2004).
As capitalism experiences a natural and unavoidable expansion, consumers engage with consumer
culture creating invisible products such as social status, identity, cultures, and ethical relationships
(Sternberg, 2017). There are two sides to consumer culture that are the values held by society; those
who conform and those who rebel (Turow & McAllister, 2014). All participants of society align with
either submission or resistance to dominant ideas, values, and social structures. However, as a result
of continued progressive diversity and fragmentation, the distinction between submissive and
resistance are blurred. Nevertheless, those who resist and rebel are still participants of consumer
culture. Instead they instead form sub cultures in society with alternative beliefs, values and ideas
that challenge the mainstream (Chaney, 2004). In order to better understand the relationship between
consumption practice and the resistance of consumer culture, theories of reflexive project of self,
prosumers, lifestyle commodification, and incorporation will be analyzed in relation to the vegan
movement.
Prominent media scholar, John Fiske (1989), theorized numerous ways in which the consumption of
media and prevalent culture, even shopping itself, could be conceptualized as acts of resistance.
Resistance can be defined as the ways in which a subcultural style and activity works to challenge
the dominant social order (Southerton, 2011). Veganism is becoming an increasingly popular
lifestyle choice for health and environmental–conscious individuals and is viewed as a form of
resistance to mainstream consumption practices. The consumer develops their identity as someone
who does not use animal derived food or products of any kind such as; dairy, eggs, fur, leather,
feathers, or any goods involving animal testing (Lawrence, 1993). Veganism is an extended form of
vegetarianism, and though the term was defined in 1944, the concept of a plant based diet can be
traced back to ancient Indian and Eastern Mediterranean societies (Suddath,

The Irrational Consumer Culture Surrounding Education
In his book Why Teach?, Mark Edmundson constructs an argument about the paradoxical consumer
culture surrounding education. The Virginian professor takes a stance on the problems that he has
both experienced in his own classroom and observed on campuses, and he approaches each problem
in turn, making significant claims which are assigned appropriate blames. His essay, "Liberal Arts &
Lite Entertainment," originally published in 1997, is broken into six sections and begins with his
experience at his own university before branching out to all those across the country. Following this
is a deduction of student culture as well as professors. He gives hope to the idea of the acceptance
and praising of "genius" (as opposed to the alienation students endorse so well) towards the end of
his essay, narrowing his argument down to a more specific change that could possibly cause a
domino effect from individual students to universities across America. The scale of the situation is
much too large to be easily fixed, and it is clear that Edmundson's purpose in writing this essay is to
inform those who are engulfed in the academic world. More specifically, it seems, he targets
professors and higher–level students, and even possibly their parents. By singling out these people
and making the problem of consumer culture in universities known to those who care exponentially
about educating the youth, it is much more likely that Edmundson's argument will trickle down to
said youth in the process

The Effect Of Culture On Consumer Behaviour
In international market, understanding consumer needs and desired is extremely important to the
corporation in order to market their products and services properly into the market. Consumer
behaviour is a process in where individuals or groups select, buy, use and dispose of the products
and services to satisfy their needs and desires. The organisation simply cannot understand
consumption unless they consider its cultural context, as culture shows how people view leads to
their acceptance. Therefore, the effect of culture on consumer behaviour is powerful. This paper will
discuss in more details about that and further consider whether culture has the greatest influence on
consumer behaviour.
Culture has a complex concept that numerous of researchers talk about in different views. Cultures
is defined as a complex whole that includes of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by a member of the society (Hollensen, 2013). Culture
provides the important background of an individual that offer direction and guidance to its members
in all phases of life. Besides, Sojka and Tansuhaj describe culture as a dynamic set of socially
obtains the member of a particular society's behaviours, with the key element of language, artefacts,
belief and values (Sojka and Tansuhaj, 1995). There are three main characteristics of culture stated
on Hollensen's (2013) book: culture is learned, interrelated and shared. The tangible aspects of
culture

Consumer Culture In Pop Art
The pop movement established itself during the rapid multinational corporate American expansion
of the late 1950's to mid–1960's (Mamiya 1992, 14). Recognised for their study of subjects of
popular culture and incorporation of "commercial techniques." (Burton 2007, 113), Pop artists
embraced "the culture of the masses" (Wilson 2011, 3). Although the Pop artists remained critically
aware of the shortcomings within consumer culture their entanglement with the mentality and
techniques of the culture "...surely rendered any potential for critique futile and invalid." (Mamiya
1992, 158). This essay will explore the interplay between critique and celebration of consumer
culture within Pop Art and possible reasons for the diversity in reaction. This will be achieved
through the study of the influence of consumer culture on the Pop artists, the artists' response to this
emerging culture, as well as the positive and critical representations of consumer culture within their
work. The complex and contradictory relationship between consumer culture and pop artists will be
explored through Richard Hamilton's Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so
appealing? (1956), Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) and Tom Wesselmann's Great
American Nude #54 (1964).
To discuss the pop artist's relationship with consumer culture, we must first define consumer culture
in the first Pop age. The swift rate of twentieth–century technological advancements and
"...urbanisation..." in

Celebrity Culture : The Impact Of Celebrity Culture On...
Living in a technological era, we have access to the tabloids more than ever before. There are social
media platforms, magazines, online news sites, and movies screaming to be read and watched; and
they are covered with images of high profile celebrities. We are living in the century of media
innovation together with the development of celebrity culture.
When a life of parties, short–term relationships, drugs, and alcohol are leading celebrities like Miley
Cyrus, Justin Bieber and Lindsay Lohan to spiral out of control, you would think that their lifestyle
is far from the ideal. However, fans of these stars seem to disagree. Now, in an age where we have
more contact with celebrity gossip than ever before, we are faced with a question: what are the
effects that superstars have upon our society?
One of the most dramatic impacts of celebrity culture on consumer behaviour is the emphasis on
personal appearance and self–image. While some consumers may emulate the looks and style of
their icons, others simply feel pressured to look more muscular or glamorous to fit with the idealised
images of beauty in which they are bombarded with each day. From the full–figured beauties
depicted by Renaissance painters, to the hourglass figure prized by the Victorians, and from the
boyish physique of the 1920s flappers to the shapely curves of 1950s Hollywood stars, there have
always been changing fashions in body shape. In today's era of Twitter, Instagram, blogs, and
memes, the latest body

Consumer Culture And Economic Development Of Western Cultures
Consumer Culture is at the root of all social, political and economic development of western
cultures for the past three hundred years. Advertisements become a key role in creating ideological
messages and meanings. In a consumer culture and capitalist economy, advertisement becomes a
tool used by corporations to influence the minds of the buyer. When a company produces an ad or
commercial, their main objective is to get the viewers' attention in order to sell the product. Many
different methods are used to lure an audience in; tactics may include print or commercial ads, to
either inform or to target individuals into consuming goods. There have been constant debates
surrounding females in advertisements and the ways in which women are defined through their
constructed identities. Society plays a heavy hand in constructing individuals gender roles, and in
turn many of our identities. Women during the 1950s and onwards have been a byproduct in
advertising campaigns, their roles were limited and became repetitive overtime. A women's identity
was constructed towards the ability to maintain a household, women were only ever viewed as
housewives, through the multiple advertisements that conveyed images of what it meant to be a
'well rounded' caregiver, it became the only thing that was ever taught to them. Shirley Chisholm is
recognized for her famously outspoken quote, where she truthful states that; "Emotional, sexual, and
psychological stereotyping of females begins the

US Consumer Culture
While the US consumer culture has many different goods that encapsulate its uniqueness, nothing
quite represents the US than its trash. You are probably asking yourself at this point how a country's
waste can have any importance at all in its consumer culture. Waste is one output every company, no
matter its size, must be concerned with. With the ever present climate problems our society faces,
proper disposal of waste is a necessity. Luckily for companies in the US, they have found a way to
capitalize through strategic marketing and planned obsolescence. Yet, unfortunately for consumers,
they are often taken advantage of without knowledge of the occurrence. The true American view on
consumerism, where products are bought with a short–term ... Show more content on
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There are the manufacturers and corporations whose main concern largely is to profit. there are the
environmentalists who want to preserve the community and promote recycling to help diminish the
landfills. Then there are the consumers: some who buy what is cheap, and often created with
planned obsolescence in mind, some who buy with the environment in mind, but do little research to
ensure it is a wholesome company, and then there are those who to extensive research to make sure
they are hurting the environment as little as possible. Consumers have the opportunity to make
conscious decisions to help our environment, but the reality behind products is well–hidden and
needs to be brought to higher attention. Waste epitomizes the American consumer culture to
continuously buy new products, and not think about the harm it is causing the environment.
Recycling has evolved over time into a ploy to make consumers spend more money, and is causing
more harm to the environment by increasing the amount of packaging used over product. The
growing consumerist culture can be attributed to the increased "greenwashing" scheme. Is it morally
right for companies to increase their waste in order to make more

Influence Of American Culture On Consumers
In my opinion, I feel that consumers can get too much of a product. American culture of
consumerism appears to be quite addictive. Shopping can become a drug for some. For example,
with every new clearance rack at any given department store or buying multiple items because you
think there is a big savings when using coupons. Consumers become fueled with the need to fill a
void within their daily lives. In recent years I have notice the change of coupon use compared to
many years ago has become very addictive for some to the point that it is not saving money. Don't
get me wrong, I consider myself to be one who loves discounts and a good savings. I often hear
people say you can never have too much of one product especially if you purchased it

White Women In American Consumer Culture
From the 1890s to the 1920s women from all walks of life became participants in American
consumer culture. Whether this translated into the consumption of movies, clothing, beauty products
or household goods, women influenced and participated in the development of consumer culture in
America. Three distinct groups of women stand out in the development of consumer culture, these
include middle–class white women, immigrant women and the daughters of such and black women.
These three groups of women partook in the unique experience of what it meant to be participants in
American consumer culture and at the same time were susceptible to the issues of gender inequality,
objectification and racial discrimination. Before discussing the development ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Bernarr Macfadden's book titled The Power and Beauty of Superb Womanhood published in 1901
emphasized that if women partook in vigorous exercise, they could develop strength almost equal to
a man. The "New Woman" took this attitude to heart by engaging in cycling, playing tennis and
swimming; activities they did not partake in before. The Power and Beauty of Superb Womanhood
delineates a shift in American culture at the turn of the century; the creation of the New Woman and
her participation in the public sphere. Lois Rudnick, author of the book titled The New Woman
states that "Between 1890 and 1920 women writers and reformers made major contributions to
literature and the arts, as well as to social and political reforms." From the Victorian age culture of
the 1890s, to 1920, the year women were granted suffrage with the nineteenth amendment; the
"New Woman" emerged in literature, the arts and reform movements. The "New Woman" was a
consumer who was not guilty of partaking in leisure, self–indulgence and sensual pleasure. The
white middle–class woman was no longer restricted by the ideals of the Victorian woman, but rather
now enjoyed freedoms she did not have before. In the 1920s a radical woman had emerged in the
form of the flappers who wore her hair bobbed, heavy makeup, short dresses and danced jazz. The
flapper was a woman of the 1920s

Collectivism And Conformity Of Asian Consumer Culture
2. Research results
1) Chinese consumer psychology
Why Chinese like purchasing luxury? What do Chinese customers need? The research result on
consumer psychology can be concluded into three points: collectivism and conformity of Asian
consumer culture; identity recognition; gift giving culture.
i. Collectivism and Conformity of Asian consumer culture.
Conformity can be seen as one of the most apparent characters that exists in asian countries that are
influenced by collectivism. Compared with western consumers, Chinese customers prefer to follow
others' choices or suggestions, especially famous stars' styles. This is a kind of consumption idea
that led by group guide or social pressure, which makes individuals tend to coincide with the
majority. In this situation, many consumers tend to follow others instead of individual thinking when
making decisions. Normally, it appears that consumers would tend to choose stores that attract more
clients and select brands with high market share. For example, I found that in Dior Homme store,
the star styles are mentioned frequently by Chinese buyers. Besides, some famous star style, like the
tippet of Burberry are always out of stock thanks to Chinese purchase.
ii. Identity Recognition
There are two needs that motivate Chinese customers to buy luxury goods: Psychological need of
showing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gift giving culture and its inherent spirit represent a central position in the Chinese traditional
culture. Gift culture exists more than 5000 years, which has become the lot of people must have
homework (Zou 2014). In China, gifts present an important role in building relationships and asking
favors. A proper gift might influence the result of a problem solving. In some important festivals,
Chinese tend to buy expensive gifts, especially luxury goods for their bosses, colleagues and the
people who they want to establish good relationships with so that to get future career development
or to achieve their

Essay on The Effect of Consumer Culture on Education
The Effect of Consumer Culture on Education Consumer culture has without a doubt affected my
education. Education involves many things we value, and much of what we value has been bought.
Whether it be the calculators we use in math class or the texts we read in English, commodities are
helping teach us to do things. On another level however , consumer culture affects our personal
education in that we act and think differently than we might if our culture was less about that which
can be bought or sold. Much of this is due to the coverage of events presented by the Mass Media.
We watch people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can't be too shy because that is not desirable. Nor can you be too outspoken in class because
then you are classified in some way; after all if people hear what you have to say they can form an
opinion of you. So we search to find that happy medium displayed in the world we watch on our
television.
I agree with Edmundson to some degree. Yes, consumer culture definitely affects the way most of us
see ourselves and want to be seen by others. After all, "Enthusiasmâ€¦quickly looks absurd. The
form of character that's most appealing on TV is calmly self–interested though never greedy, attuned
to the conventions, and ironic." This definitely resembles the character that I personally find
desirable, and I imagine many other people feel the same way. But I believe there is a point when
people stop trying to conform to an image because it is too much work, but Edmundson concludes
that people are constantly . I am noticing this more now that I am in college. In high school it
seemed like more people were stuck between being "cool" and being unique, not sure themselves
which they wanted to be. Now it seems those who are "unique" by nature stop trying to be like the
normal and show their true colors. I imagine this is true in the class room as well. Though some
people may not talk a lot in the classroom, I believe that the professor need only to read their papers

Consumer Culture And Contemporary Childhood Agency
Sociologists have looked at consumption theories primarily through adult relationships of
production and consumption. By introducing children as consumers, it is opens up a wide range of
areas to study their influence on consumer culture. It is evident through the child's relationship with
their parents, money, identity, and social relations that children have a crucial role in consumption
patterns. New marketing and advertising techniques have been introduced accordingly, further
emerging the child consumer and their influence on the economy. The child's relationship with
technological devices opens them up to a world of advertisements and marketing ploys made just for
them. The idea of consumer culture and contemporary childhood agency have been interwoven and
then becomes questioned whether it is benefitical to children or not. This develops concern in many
parents as they feel as though they should be protecting their children from these influences. This
paper will address the issue of children as 'passive' or 'active' consumers and whether their
participation in consumerism is useful to them. The development of the child consumer begins with
the expecting mother as advertisers, marketers, designers and retailers look to capture the attention
of mothers to set their children up as consumers before they are even born. Expecting mothers are
bombarded with advertising and marketing schemes to start the child's consumption patterns. An
example of this being the gifts given

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