Children With High Functioning Autism

Children With High Functioning Autism
ABSTRACT
Prior research exists which validates the risk of decreased emotional well–being in adults with
autism. As a result, it becomes vitally important to identify factors that may contribute to this
problem in order to provide increased supports and services to combat the issues. This quantitative
comparative study sought to determine whether or not anxiety and/or depression (emotional well–
being) of young adults with high–functioning autism is impacted by the possession or lack of a
transition plan prior to their leaving high school, by comparing t–scores from the Beck Anxiety
Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition. A sample of 32 (N = 32) young adults
with high–functioning autism ages 18 to 25 participated in the ... Show more content on
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my chair, Dr. Barry Last, committee member, Dr.
Elizabeth Lozano, and the program chair, Dr. Akin Merino, for your support and allowing me the
opportunity to reach this goal, despite having taken what was probably the longest road possible.
Thank you to Debra Muzikar: You were the one who used your voice to help keep my project
moving forward, and for this I will be forever grateful! Autism Society of the Inland Empire, Beth
Burt, and Theresa McFarland: Thank you for accepting me and helping with candidate recruitment.
Finally, "my humans," thank you to those who have supported me along this path. Thank you to my
editor, Dr. Sabrina Rood, who cheered me up at times when I thought there was no end to this tunnel
and who helped turn my somewhat confusing words into sentences that read cohesively. Finally,
thank you to Susanna Romig for helping me turn my data into beautiful visual aids.
DEDICATION
This research endeavor is dedicated to family, heroes, and my Rock.
Family: My daughter, Kadyence Genevieve, who allowed Mommy to share her with friends and
family while designing and implementing this project. My mother, Marlene, who has been
supportive throughout this entire process.
Heroes: Those who have positively impacted my life, both personally and professionally.
Also those who bravely approach the world with a "different, not less" outlook every day, my fellow
humans with
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism
"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex
disorders of brain development." Those with autism may have a number of developmental
difficulties such as problems with social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and
repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong
consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of
autism, and how you can help those with the disorder.
Annually in the U.K., the support is between 3.1–3.4 billions Euros. Almost fifty percent of that
goes towards special education, parental productivity and respite care is about fifteen percent, and
ten percent after medical. Prevalence rates have gone up ten to seventeen percent in recent years.
Autism is one of the fastest growing developmental disorders in the United States. It usually costs
families up to $60,000 a year on average. Girls are five times less likely than boys to have autism.
One out of 42 boys and one out of 189 girls are born with autism. Autism affects one in sixty–eight
kids. It is characterized by social interaction difficulties. Severity varies across three core areas.
Practitioners call autism a spectrum. On one end of it there is those who cannot function in society
due to the impairments of the disorder. Then there are those who are at the other end who seem
quirky and can have independent and successful lives. The level of

Young Girl With High Functioning Autism That Has Issues...
Jennifer Mendyk
EDU221–01IN
November 30, 2016
Abstract
This case discusses a 4 year–old girl with high functioning autism that has issues with her emotions
and effective communication. For my research, I used observations of the child, interviews with
significant people in her life, like her parents and teacher among others, books and the internet. The
child can function in an inclusive classroom with the proper guidance and instruction.
Introduction
I did a case study on a 4 year–old girl with high functioning autism named "Sabrina Smith". She has
difficulty communicating with her family and peers and often becomes very emotional caused by
certain triggers. My research came from observing Sabrina in her preschool classroom several times
throughout this case study. I also interviewed her parents and her teacher concerning her
developmental, educational and family history. I spoke with and interviewed a parent of a typically
developing child and also the child's autism in–home specialist. The Center of Disease Control
supplied my research with information concerning causes, symptoms, treatments and, up–to–date
news and information about childhood autism. WebMD was another source I used on the internet to
research characteristics and general information. The books, ASD: A complete Guide to
understanding Autism and our class textbook were also rich with pertinent information about ASD
for my research and knowledge.
The treatment for Sabrina's autism is in–home therapy to help

High-Functioning Autism through Rain Man Essay
High–Functioning Autism through Rain Man
A man and his brother walk down the terminal in an airport. They engage in a heated argument over
whether they should board an airplane for Los Angeles. The older brother complains about taking an
airplane and fears for his life, telling his brother about the crashes that every airline has had. The
younger brother becomes annoyed and tells him that every airline has crashed at one point or
another. To this, the older brother exclaims, "Qantas never crashed." Upset at his obstinacy and
refusing to fly to Australia just to travel to Los Angeles, the younger brother attempts to pull the
older. He responds in the only way he knows–by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Etiology and History of Diagnosis
Autism has undergone significant definition changes in the past. The term was first used in 1912 by
the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler from the Greek word for self–autos–in his description of
patients with "schizophrenic thinking divorced from both logic and reality" (Rorvik 249). However,
an established set of guidelines for diagnosis would not be established until 1943, when Leo Kanner,
a German émigré to the United States, wrote "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Content", a
landmark essay in which he "described eleven children who, from infancy, had seemed to cut off
from their parents...[and] existed in their own, often impenetrable world" (Pollak 250). The common
features that he noticed in those eleven children were "(1) a social impairment characterized by an
aloofness and lack of reciprocity; (2) a failure to communicate manifested by muteness, echolalia [a
condition of repeating others rather than responding to them], or an inability to get intonations right;
and (3) repetitious, stereotyped behavior, like rocking and twiddling in small children and the
preoccupation with, say, railroad schedules in older ones" (Pollak 250). Though Kanner suspected a
neurological fault, he could not find proof and suggested initially that autism might have been
psychogenic. His initial findings convinced him that nearly all of the parents of autistic children
were highly intelligent,

Asperger 's Syndrome Among Other Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Asperger's Syndrome among other Autistic Spectrum Disorders The autism spectrum disorder is
neurobehavioral deterioration that involves language developmental disorder combined with low
social interaction skills and repetitive behaviors. The severity of the disorder varies from mild,
moderate, and severe, and the diagnosis tends to be changeable according to several factors such as
the severity and the kind of therapy that the child received during early years. There is an increased
prevalence of the disorder among children within the last decade. "More recent estimates range from
about 30 in 10,000 to one in 68.refrences to an autism epidemic appear to have originated in a 2002
California legislative report suggesting a 273% increase ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Pervasive Developmental Disorder, which many experts argue to change the name to High–
Functioning Autism, and Asperger's syndrome are similar to the point that it is hard to distinguish
between the two of them. In this research, I will elaborate on the Asperger's syndrome in terms of
diagnosis, therapy and how to distinguish the Asperger's among the other disorders. Asperger's was
first recognized by Hans Asperger in 1944 and Leo Kanner in 1943 as a developmental disorder;
however, it was reintroduced again in 1981 "since Wing's (1981) introduced to Hans Asperger's
seminal work of 1944, and since inclusion of the disorder as a diagnostic category in Diagnostic and
statistical Mantel disorders–Fourth Edition "(Myles 130). Asperger's syndrome diagnosis rely on the
following criteria: 1– "Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior" (Khouzam et al.
186) such as being fully attracted to one pattern of activities, and having difficulties of changing
these rigid models of behavior and interests. 2– Imperfections in social interactions such as
difficulties in making friends and low understanding of non–verbal communications.3– Appearance
of any other important developmental delays, such as occupational defects. The Asperger's
syndrome differentiates in developing appropriate language; "Cognitive development and age
appropriate self–help skills and adaptive behavior are not clinically significantly delayed" (Khozam
et al.187). In

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Autism Essay
Introduction Autism is very frustrating when compared to a lot of diseases for the simple fact that it
is so confounding as far as its appearance. As a neurological disease, there are so many different
kinds of it, and there is so much that goes into the arrival of the disease. Some forms of autism
feature sufferers that have an innate talent for a given skill, and others simply act as if they're
comatose. Among all afflictions that exist, few are as frustrating as autism. There are varying forms
of the neurological disease, with each individual variation there are respective differences. There are
forms of autism where a sufferer has higher mental capacity, whereas others may possess an innate
expertise with arithmetic. Aside from just autism, symptoms caused by Asperger's syndrome are
also very common, as it 's a neurological disorder that creates a lot of the same problems. While
there are times where the person can have a lot of great traits, other times, they act like a little kid.
Autism is very similar in a lot of ways to someone cognitively being stuck in a child's mind while
the rest of the body continues to mature. Aside from the mental and neurological issues, there are
other physical deformities and manifestations of the disease that can also arise.
In our body, the most integral part that controls virtually everything is the brain. Because this part of
the body is so critical, it goes through a lot of physical and developmental changes as life goes

Formal Diagnostic Analysis
Classification of mental disorders keeps improving and changing over time with the goal of
providing more accurate diagnosis and proper intervention. As guides for clinician, the formal
Diagnostic Statistical Manual has categorical description of a variety of illnesses that are classified
based on symptoms (Kite, Gullifer & Tyson, 2012). Recently, the new version of the DSM raises
many controversies since it suggests merging Asperger syndrome into the category of autism
disorder to reduce confusion and therefore eliminating their differentiation. Their common diagnosis
would now include early delayed linguistic and cognitive development which is only the case for
autism but not for Asperger. For some researchers this slight difference create ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The disorder may manifest differently but they presumably have the same biological basis (Frith,
2004). Beside the genetic argument, the outcome of high functioning autism adult is almost
indistinguishable to individual with Asperger to the point that it is difficult to view them separately.
High functioning autism in adulthood without delay in language development is similar to adult who
previously diagnosed with autism and delayed language development. A study analyzing neuro–
anatomic structure of the brain finds out that autism and Asperger could be cause by abnormalities
in mini–columnar organization and suggests that they may share similar biological pattern
regardless the intelligence. Individuals suffering from autism or Asperger have smaller mini–
columns in brain and more dispersed cells than normal functioning individuals. Given this clinical
overlap between the two disorders, it is difficult to tell them apart. Studies support their genetic and
neurobiological similarities (Frith,

Problem Based Evaluation Paper
1. Derosier, M. E., Swick, D. C., Davis, N. O., Mcmillen, J. S., & Matthews, R. (2011). The efficacy
of a social skills group intervention for improving social behaviors in children with high functioning
autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1033–43.
doi:http://0–dx.doi.org.iii– server.ualr.edu/10.1007/s10803–010–1128–2
2. In this study, the researchers were comparing two groups of children with high– functioning
autism that received interventions. The treatment group participated in an intervention that was a
modification of another treatment designed to improve social skills but had been adapted for
children with high functioning autism. The control group received the original treatment. The
researchers believed that the group receiving treatment with the adapted program would have a
better grasp of taught skills than did the control group. As was hypothesized the results indicated
that the children in the treatment group (and their families) had better outcomes than the control
group. (Derosier, Swick, Davis, Mcmillen & Matthews, 2011)
3. This research is problem–based evaluation research. It is problem–based ... Show more content on
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In this study, researchers addressed control issues in their study by establishing two groups of
children with high functioning autism, one for treatment and one for control. The two groups were
very similar in demographics. The control group was used to distinguish the effects of the treatment
from other factors that could have contributed to the results. To control for the effects of participants
who completed pre measures but not post measures (because of attrition) and variability in
measurement when the same parent did not fill out post measures that filled out pre measures these
participants were not included in the relevant study measures. Analysis was run to determine the
effects of data that were excluded (chi–square, t–tests) and was not found to be significant.
(Derosier et al.,

Children With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
III. Efficacy of an Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High–
Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Citation
Roux, C., Dion, E., Barrette, A., Dupéré, V., & Fuchs, D. (2015). Efficacy of an Intervention to
Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High–Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Remedial & Special Education, 36(3), 131–142. doi: 10.1177/0741932514533998
Authority of Source Catherine Roux and Eric Dion have both earned a PhD and Anne Barrette
earned a Bachelor of Science from Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada. Véronique Dupéré
has a PhD from University de Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Douglas Fuchs earned a PhD from
Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN.
Summary The number of students with high–functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is
growing, but they do not qualify for special education because they do not meet the criteria for
intellectual disability. Thus, they are learning in the context of the regular education classroom
where content is often learned by reading from texts. However, because of their having ASD,
regardless of the fact that they are high–functioning, it is difficult for them to understand what they
have read. Furthermore, well–known research–based interventions for students with high–
functioning ASD have focused on basic verbal communication and reading skills. While these skills
are important, more advanced cognitive skills are necessary to gain comprehension. "The central
coherence theory

Essay On The Movie Rain Man
Abstract This paper will show how in the movie Rain Man, an adult man acts with high functioning
autism. How great certain skills are that make him appear as if he has supermen abilities, while also
showing the need for adult supervision for other events that unfold in the movie. While sourcing
several references what autism is, its characteristics and how to treat it at an early age to get the best
functional outcome as an adult. Along with some of dangers that's face people with autism from the
world around them and my own personal reflections on interacting with people with autism. Rain
Man Autism is an interesting diagnosis specially when first encountered it with a young child
screaming cause they enjoying the sound ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to the social communication deficits, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder requires
the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities" (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 69). A common disorder associated with autism is Obsessive
compulsive disorder(OCD). People with OCD have to do things at certain way each time and with
Raymond, he has a ritualist way of doing certain things (Kearny & Trull, 2015). Raymond fits the
bill to a tee, that he is a high functioning Autistic adult that has some unique skills and interesting
inclinations. A big question that has been raised, is autism a result of biological or environmental
influences? People have been debating this for the better part of the last two decades. There was
even a debate in one of classes in collage on how people get autism. An article from the National
Center for Biotechnology Information states its nature and you are born with these unique
tendencies (Strathearn, 2009). As an Occupational Therapy Assistant(OTA) that works with children
with this disorder I have to agree it is nature. A great example from work is two brother, they have
great parents who did all the right things when it came to having them but both of them have a
diagnosis of autism. They are really cool boys one of them even has a great aptitude to draw really
great portraits of his classmates during his free time. Based on the article mentioned earlier and my
open personal

Special Needs: Parenting a Child with High Functioning...
Running head: SPECIAL NEEDS: PARENTING A CHILD Special Needs: Parenting a Child with
High Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome San Jose State University Introduction Parents
who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) should define their parenting technique
more so than parents of neurotypical children. Children with ASD have many different needs. For
example, an ASD child has great difficulties with their social skills; this deficiency causes them not
to have meaningful social interactions. Their interests are narrow, and it dominates the child's life
(Volkmar & Klin, 2000, as cited in Sansosti & Powell–Smith, 2006). Asperger's syndrome or high
functioning autistic children are under a special category. The ... Show more content on
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Gray (2003) states that even among dual income couples, women still do the housework and take
care of the children. With the added special needs child it put more pressure and stress on the
women. They are the ones that make and take the child to medical appointments, social class, and
talk to the school officials when there is a need. Unfortunately, the women will give up their career
in order to manage the family. At the same time they are starting a new career, to become a better
advocate and how to gain more knowledge about their child's disability. This type of stress on the
couple often ends in divorce. The divorce rates in these families are over 80% in the United States
(Center for Disease Control, 2002, as cited in Sansosti & Powell–Smith, 2006). T. Atwood (personal
communication, October 14, 2006) "...it is not the child's disability that handicaps and disintegrates
families; it is the way they react to it and to each other" (Dickman & Gordon, 1985 as cited by
Atwood). Binger (2006) states those teaching and guiding children is perhaps the greatest concern
that parents have and they want to do their best to teach behaviors, values and beliefs. Parents need
to be assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. They should be more supportive rather than punitive
(Eastin, Greenber, & Hofschire, 2006). Limitations and areas for further investigation Cashin (2004)

A Special House Rules That Have Created And Abided By...
Every family either biological or not, has unwritten rules that have created and abided by
households. The author Jodi Picoult dealt with a special house rules of Jacob's family that have a
teenager, a little bit different with normal children. This novel has quite interesting plot that the each
characters around the Jacob narrate a different view and thought about their life connected with
Jacob by the case. Also it was very impressive that the author delivered the difficulty which the
family suffer from many inner and outer factors realistically. It seems that she has deep
understanding about emotional conflict not only the life of the autism and the family who has an
autism. The author led me to the center of circumstance and make me be there with the characters.
He was born in a normal family. His father was an engineer and now lives in Silicon Valley with
new family which means he is smart and normal. Although the father supports them financially, he
is emotionally and physically absent from the family because he left them when they need him
most. After the father's leaving, Jacob had diagnosed as an Asperger's syndrome which is showing
high functioning autism and it changed her life a lot. She confessed that she had a friend and was in
a community before Jacob. Her role as a mother has been overwhelming enough for two son but she
devoted her whole life for her sons especially Jacob. I wondered what hope or expectation made her
strong and keep the family

High-Functioning Autism (HFA)
High–functioning autism (HFA) is an informal term used to describe individuals with autism who
have an IQ of or greater than 80 as well as the ability to speak, read, and write. This term can also be
used to describe people with autism who are not cognitively challenged. Caution should be taken
when using this label as IQ tests of individuals with autism do not always give an accurate result.
Although children with high–functioning autism have an average or above average IQ, they most
often have a difficult time with social interaction. This is due to an inability to predict others'
reactions as well as the inability to understand/perceive the intent or emotional wants and needs of
others around them. For this reason, many individuals with

Educating Students With High Functioning Autism Spectrum...
Literature Review: Dipeolu, Storlie, and Johnson (2014) focus on strategies for school counselors in
assisting students with disabilities, more specifically students with High–functioning Autism
Spectrum Disorder (HASD) in their transition process. These counselors are not as prepared to work
with the unique transition path of HASD students in comparison to their typical peers. The purpose
of this article is to build awareness and understanding of the struggles the HASD students face and
provide the school counselors with strategies to assist these students in their transition beyond high
school. Dipeolu, Storlie, and Johnson use a model of eleven essential elements for a successful
transition:
1. Applicable legislation: Understanding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The student could be living away from home, now in the real world or college setting and there are
specific rules/norms they will have to follow that they have never worried about before.
3. Reasonable accommodations: HASD students have the right to accommodations in both college
and work setting, however these accommodations must be appropriate to your disability and
environment, such as extended time on assessments. These accommodation standards can be
confusing for many and they may request unreasonable things such as altering attendance, group
projects, or even presentation assignments.
4. College Classroom Expectations: It is the counselors responsibility to prepare the HASD students
of college standards/expectations. High school and college are very different in class size, workload,
and classroom format. The students must be flexible in moving in and out of formal class setting
and be able to tell the difference. Knowing when it is appropriate to be moving and when to be
sitting in your desk and raising a hand to speak. HASD students must learn to pick up on social cues
to interact and work along side their peers.
5. Learning style: Understanding ones learning style is so essential for your academic success, and it
is even more important for HASD students. These students will be experiencing new teaching
techniques everyday, and they need to use their strengths as learners to adapt and work with their
professors and lesson plans.

Persuasive Essay On What Is Autism Forever
Autism Forever
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism is a neurodevelopment mental diagnosis presented from
early childhood. The expression spectrum is viewed by the level of functioning and skills that's
occurs in individuals with this diagnosis. (www.autismspeaks.org). Those who are high on the
spectrum can sometimes function on their own with little assistance and there are the low
functioning who require more assistance or hands on. Autism is categorized by challenges with
socialization, repetitive conducts of behavior, impaired speech and verbal and nonverbal
communication. Autism is characterized by numerous things such as difficulty in communicating
and forming relationships with other people.
Autism is determined before the age of two years. At two years old, a child should be able to
understand two–step directions, can point to multiple body parts, identify different objects and begin
to engage in play. (www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ctearly/milestones/milestones–18month.html) Children
who have autism starts to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no cure for Autism. But there are therapies and early interventions that are designed to
significantly increase daily life functioning. Furthermost health care professionals come to an
understanding that the earlier the intervention is the greater chance of the individual living a
successful life. Parents, who have children with Autism, often put their child in an early behavioral
and educational program; these programs have been very prosperous. In these programs
psychotherapists uses extremely organized and precise intense sessions to help children to become
more advanced in areas they are lacking which includes socialization interaction and appropriate
language skills. Families, who have loved ones with Autism, often seek counseling to find ways to
manage with living with a child with this disability. The counseling teaches the family how to
demonstrate to the child how to continue to live a normal life on daily

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects a group of complex disorders of brain
development. Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social
interactions, social communication and an unusually restricted range of behaviors and interest
(David R. Simmons, 2009). It seems that autism is a new condition because most of research about
this condition has occurred since the 1980. However, Autism has been around for a much longer
time than that, people just didn't know about it.
One of the first documented reference about autism was made by Jean–Marc–Gaspard Itard. He was
a French Physician that start his studies about autism with a little boy called Victor. This boy
presented a number of signs of autism and has lived his whole childhood alone in France in 1797.
(Mcguinness) Jean– Marc–Gaspard Itard treated him with a behavioral program designed to aid him
form social attachments and to induce speech via imitation.
In 1908, the word of autism was created by Paul Eugen Bleuler. He was a Swiss psychiatrist that
focuses his studies on symptoms of schizophrenia. The word autism comes from the Greek word
autos meaning "self". He believed that autism was "the childhood of schizophrenia" (Jerome Blake
& H Eugene Hoyme, 2013).
In 1944, Hans Asperger submitted his thesis about autism. The name of his thesis is "Autistic
psychopathy in childhood" and it was about four kids with a pattern of actions he named "autistic
psychopathy".

Building Team Work And Fast Problem Solving Skills
X is the answer from the previous problem which acts at the starting number for the next problem. If
I simply write all the numbers then all the students would have to do is simply solve the last
problem. The goal of this is, is to build team work and fast problem solving skills. The objective of
this game is to have one person start the first problem using the car, once they complete the problem
they will hand the car off to the next person where they complete the second problem and so on.
Whichever group can gives me the correct final answer the fastest is the winner. By having this
activity in place, my student with ADD will be focused on the road because they would be
anticipating their turn and my student with High Functioning Autism ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This game is intending for on your toes fast critical thinking and I have to make sure my students
are ready to effectively answer these question. Both my student will struggle in different ways. My
student with High Functioning Autism should have no problem understanding this lesson and the
actual content of this lesson, it is during this game where he/she would find the most difficult. My
student with ADD will struggle with eh actually lesson, but be focused during the intense fast paced
game. Which means, the key in giving my lesson is to do it in very short increments. If I give my
students a 15 minutes lesson on subtracting, I am going to lose my ADD students within 7–10
minutes. I believe that if I give my lesson in small, 5 minute increments, that I will be able to have
that student on board with the rest of the class. Not only is this beneficial for my students but my
other students would usually get antsy in their desks as well, especially at the early elementary level.
On the IRIS website, a teacher used what they call probes. Probes are essentially tests where the
students will have a beginning and end of the year, but in this case I am giving them just one,
instead of one at the beginning and the end of the year. I am doing this because this type of
standards, needs to be learned before the end of the school year. With mastery measurement, I am
making sure that every student has at least 75% of the questions answered

Autism Spectrum Disorder And Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder, more commonly known as Autism, is a prevalent developmental
disorder that has grown to a major extent recently in the United States, UK, Japan and Europe as
well (Landrigan 219). According to an article written in 2014 by Chris Bateman, 1 in every 50
children aged 6–17 in the United States are diagnosed with autism, compared to decades ago where
it wasn't nearly anywhere close to that (Bateman 1). As autism continues to grow, it is important that
we learn about the different aspects, the classification, different therapies and the disorder itself so
we understand how to interact better with people who have the disorder. Because Autism hasn't
always been around, the history of it is pretty short. The word autism itself has a mini history of it's
own. Autism derives from the Latin word, autismus, where a Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, used
the word to describe early symptoms of schizophrenia in 1910. Autismus comes from a Greek word
called "autos". In the Greek language, autos means one's self, which alludes to someone removing
themselves from a social situation, and being isolated (Vatanoglu–Lutz 427). A removal of one's self
from social interactions and the desire to be alone are characteristics of autism, so it makes sense
where the word originates from. Bleuler viewed the symptoms of autism as early signs of the
disease schizophrenia, but Leo Kanner had different thoughts. Kanner, a psychiatrist and physician,
had suspicions and clues as to

Students With High Functioning Autism And Asperger 's...
The process of students learning chemistry in incredibly well investigated, from how they learn and
perform in the laboratory, to how they teach general chemistry as a whole, but there is something
missing. There is no current research investigating how students with high–functioning autism and
Asperger 's syndrome learn chemistry. This is relevant due to the significant increase in students
with HFA/AS that are enrolling and attending college9. A more in–depth understanding of how
these students learn chemistry will benefit professors who have students with these disabilities.
Autism is classified as a complex disorder which is characterized by difficulties in social
interactions, verbal and nonverbal communications, as well as being associated with intellectual
disabilities10. Previously, there were many subtypes of autism, ranging from childhood
disintegrative disorder to pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified, but is now
lumped under the umbrella term of Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD. This paper will primarily
focus on two portions of the autism spectrum, high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's
syndrome, and their relation to learning general chemistry.
There are distinct differences between HFA/Asperger 's syndrome and classical autism. One of the
key differences is that those with HFA/AS have IQs that fall within the normal to superior range,
whereas those with classical autism belong to the IQ range of below average to average5. Those
with

Essay on Asperger?s Syndrome
Asperger's Syndrome
Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be
diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is
especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel
guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for
their child's disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosed with
Asperger's syndrome since it is a neurological disorder. This particular syndrome is not widely
recognized by the general public. Since Asperger's Syndrome is not widely recognized by the
general public, the public sometimes may not understand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A failure to develop peer relationships. A failure to spontaneously seek and share enjoyment, interest
or achievement with others. Also a lack of social or emotional reciprocity, to exchange with others.
Another area affected is behavior they may have restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of
behavior, interests, and activities, as Manifested by at least one of the following: (1) encompassing
preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either
in intensity or focus, (2) unable to change or stick to nonfunctional routines or rituals. (3) repetitive
motor mannerisms and (4) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects. Also Asperger's has no
clinically significant delay in language, cognitive development, or in adaptive behavior.
There is still uncertainty in diagnosing someone with Asperger because of the similarities in high
functioning autism and Asperger. According to Attwood (1998) there can be two stages to
identifying Asperger. The first stage is to use a rating scale that involves both parents and teachers.
There are two new rating scales one developed in Sweden and the other was developed in Australia
(Attwood 1998). The second stage is to have a diagnostic assessment done by an experienced
clinician in the behaviors and abilities of children with developmental disorders, using established
criteria that gives a clear

Asperger's Syndrome Essay
Asperger's Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you
have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become
overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome.
Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that
they are responsible for their child's disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child
being diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome since it is a neurological disorder. This particular
syndrome is not widely recognized by the general public. Since Asperger's Syndrome is not widely
recognized by the general public, the public sometimes may not ... Show more content on
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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–IV of the American Psychiatric Association
(citied in Klin & Volkmar, 1995) the definition of Asperger Syndrome there is a qualitative
impairment in social interaction. There should be at least two of the following impairments in social
interaction: a marked impairment in multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, facial
expressions, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction. A failure to develop peer
relationships. A failure to spontaneously seek and share enjoyment, interest or achievement with
others. Also a lack of social or emotional reciprocity, to exchange with others. Another area affected
is behavior they may have restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and
activities, as Manifested by at least one of the following: (1) encompassing preoccupation with one
or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus,
(2) unable to change or stick to nonfunctional routines or rituals. (3) repetitive motor mannerisms
and (4) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects. Also Asperger's has no clinically significant
delay in language, cognitive development, or in adaptive behavior. There is still uncertainty in
diagnosing someone with Asperger because of the similarities in high functioning autism and
Asperger. According to Attwood (1998) there can be two stages to

The Effects Of Autism On A Cheerleading Team
Advancing in the Aspie World
I bet you've seen at least one before. You know, those articles on the news about someone with
autism, doing something amazing that any typical person would never envision them doing. Getting
elected homecoming king, being on a cheerleading team, or carrying out an act of kindness that
even non–autistic people wouldn't ever consider are just some of the things that I've seen. Though
these are spectacular self–esteem lifters for these individuals, warm and fuzzy stories for the public
and excellent publicity for wherever they occur, many often forget that autism is a spectrum
condition, and functioning levels vary, from wheelchair bound individuals to those in society whose
names everyone recognizes. There are autistic individuals on both ends of the spectrum. Those on
the lower end exhibit some of the behaviors associated with "classical autism," like jitters and
cognitive impairment. While others, like myself, are on the other end, still "autistic," but can mask
mild symptoms quite well, and function in society though wearing labels of "odd" or "quirky" with
high functioning autism, and some are in the middle. No matter which form of autism an individual
has, life is different for that person in more ways than one, both beneficial and challenging. I myself
have a form of high functioning autism known as Asperger's Syndrome. Asperger's Syndrome, or
AS for short, was discovered in the early 20th century by a physician for whom it's named, who

Mason was not unlike many children in that according to...
Mason was not unlike many children in that according to the most recent Center for Disease Control
(CDC) reports, one in every sixty–eight children is on the autism spectrum. This is a 30% increase
from the findings reported two years ago of one in every eight–eight children. The current study also
reports that the proportion of boys with autism (1 in 42) is significantly higher that girls (1 in 189)
(10 Things to Know About New Autism Data. 2014). Changes in the DSM–V that incorporated
Asperger syndrome (AS), autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive
developmental disorders not otherwise specified into the new umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum
disorder have changed the view of autism and people on the autism ... Show more content on
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2014). With the recent release of the DSM–V, these have all been combined under one diagnosis of
autism spectrum disorder and are differentiated through the use of numerical scales to describe
severity of effect. Primary diagnostic tests used are the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder,
Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale (GADS). The
Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder is the only checklist or rating scale designed to evaluate
children with either low or high functioning autism spectrum disorder. The Childhood Autism
Rating Scale or CARS is used because it has the best psychometric support for children with low
functioning autism when compared with other autism rating scales. The Gilliam Asperger's Disorder
Scale or GADS is used because it is the only scale for high functioning autistic children in the age
range of early childhood to adolescence (Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S., Murray, M., et al. 2009).
Through the use of these diagnostic tools to determine the evidence of a PDD and its severity of
symptomatic characteristics, a subject can be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and
classified into severity of autism.
The variance in severity on the autism spectrum can be seen through a comparison of a high and a
low

Autism : A Child With Autism
A Child with Autism
By Shawn Wirth
Arkansas State University Beebe Autism is not a disease, or a reaction; it is a developmental
neurobiological differences in brain function. People with autism have difficulty with
communication and interaction with others. The symptoms of autism may range from total lack of
communication with others to difficulty in understanding others' feelings. Since there is such a
range of symptoms it is now called Autism Spectrum Disorder(Disabled world 2008)
Literature Review High functioning autism (HFA) is at one end of the spectrum. Signs and
symptoms are less severe than with other forms of autism. In fact, Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and
high functioning autism (HFA) are often referred to as the same diagnosis. As of right now they are
two different diagnosis but there is a debate as to if it is necessary. In the future they may be
combined as one diagnosis. Individuals with AS or HFA have average or above average intelligence
but may struggle with the social interactions and communication. "Persons with autism may exhibit
repeated body movements (hand flapping, rocking), unusual responses to people or attachments to
objects and resistance to changes in routines. Individuals may also experience sensitivities in the
five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste." (Disabled World 2008). Some people with high
function autism or Asperger's Syndrome demonstrate the ability to remember dates, maps, phone
numbers or other factual

Social Aspects Of Autism
Autism is mostly defined by and impairment in speech/communication. It is made of other other
things, but it mostly is that. It comes in a scale, or spectrum, called the autism spectrum and consists
of high functioning and low functioning, with more complications. Most of the statements are
common generalizations, and don't mean that autism isn't autism without these qualities.
The most important part is how it affects social aspects. Often, talk with short sentences and phrases
instead of full sentences, or can't even talk at all (1/3 people), no matter how smart they are
(remember, high functioning and low functioning)! They don't know eye contact (In my experience,
it led to arguments), and are often repetitive in their speech.

Asperger Syndrome: Implications and Intervention
Asperger Syndrome: Implications and Interventions Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a condition
characterized by developmental delays most notable in social contexts. AS is most commonly
identified by obsessive and repetitive behaviors and unawareness of nonverbal communication.
Both Asperger syndrome and autism are forms of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). It is
important to note the distinctions between the two PDD's. We do not see impairment of adaptive
skills, cognitive development, or language delay in those affected by Aspergers as we do in
individuals with autism (Carpenter, Spratt, & Macias, 2013). Autism effects around 13 per 10,000
people, and Asperger disorder is seen in only 3 out of 10,000 (Fombonne, 2004). The regions of the
brain that are affected with autism include left hemispheric impairment whereas the right
hemispherical portion is correlated with Asperger's. Equally important is the differentiation of
Aspergers syndrome and High Functioning Autism. Unlike HFA, there is little language delay. The
researcher will delve into regions of the brain associated with characteristic behaviors of the
disorder and address additional neural contributors. While Asperger syndrome is multifactorial,
genes are most influential and have a heritability of 80% (Lichtenstein et al 2010). A specific gene
has not yet been identified for the disorder, and is thought to be a result of many genetic mutations
combined (El–Fishawy 2010). Inherited genes make us vulnerable to the

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general
terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development." Those with autism may have a
number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and
repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong
consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of
autism, and how you can help those with autism.
Annually in the U.K., the support is between 3.1–3.4 billions Euros. Almost fifty percent of that is
towards special education, for parental productivity and respite care is about fifteen percent, and for
medical is ten percent.
One out of forty–two boys and one out of 189 girls, are born with autism. Autism affects one in
sixty–eight kids. Prevalence rates have gone up ten to seventeen percent in recent years. Autism is
one of the fastest growing developmental disorders in the United States. It usually costs families up
to $60,000 a year on average. Girls are five times less likely than boys to have autism. It is
characterized by social interaction difficulties. Severity varies across three core areas.
Practitioners call autism a spectrum. One end of it there is those who cannot function in society due
to the impairments of the disorder. Then there are those who are at the other end, they seem quirky
and can have independent and successful lives. The level of

Living with Aspergers
Many children today unknowingly face the disorder known as Aspergers. Their traits can affect their
social, mental, and behavioral aspects of life. Because of this, peers might classify them as weird
simply because they do not act the same way, causing a decline in self confidence. Diagnosis can
tremendously help to jumpstart treatment in this area. Despite lack of knowledge about Aspergers, a
disorder closely related to autism, it is very much its own; not only in the way it is diagnosed, but
also in its characteristics. Hans Aspergers first described Aspergers syndrome by studying boys with
Autistic tendencies, but normal language development and intelligence. In 1944, Aspergers Disorder
was officially included in the American Psychiatric Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; listed
separately from autism (Asperger's Syndrome, p.1). Although there is no specific "cause" of
Aspergers, scientists believe it could be a genetic factor since it has been shown to run in families.
Also, boys appear to have been shown to have the disorder more frequently than girls (A.D.A.M.,
p.1). Contradicting this, girls may in fact have the same rates, but their characteristics are dismissed
as shyness.
Early diagnosis is crucial to the recovery and success to a child with Aspergers. It starts with an
assessment by a medical professional as soon as possible and should be immediate if the child has
self– harming behavior, odd speech, or is unresponsive (Asperger's Syndrome, p. 2). No

Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition By Schopler
Amanda Hafker
Personality.
Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition by Schopler, Eric; Van Bourgondien, Mary E.;
Wellman, G. Janette; Love, Steven R. Published by Western Psychological Services, 625 Alaska
Ave., Torrance, CA, 90503–5124. The test is geared for ages 2 through 5 but can be administered to
older individuals if their estimated IQ is below 79. The test is administered in a group and takes 5–
10 minutes. The 2012 price data estimates $158 per complete test kit including 25 Standard Version
rating booklets, 25 High–Functioning rating booklets, 25 Questionnaires for Parents or Caregivers,
and manual; $37 per 25 Standard Version rating booklets; $37 per 25 High–Functioning rating
booklets; $26 per 25 Questionnaires for Parents or Caregivers; $74 per manual.
The first review of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition was authored by KORESSA
KUTSICK MALCOLM, School Psychologist, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind,
Staunton, VA. The second edition of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was developed for use a
wider array of health care professionals as well as to establish general characteristics of children
with autism who exhibit higher intellectual ability. They also made slight changes to the format of
the rating book. The test comes in three forms; The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second
Edition–Standard Version, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–High–Functioning
Version and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term encompassing a wide range of conditions and
severities of ability – from severe, entirely non–communicative cases, to what is often referred to as
High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Asperger Syndrome (AS). Psychiatrist and professor Leo
Kanner was the first to coin the label 'Autism ', in his descriptions of a group of children he was
working with, all of whom showed similar characteristics and difficulties in their social, emotional
and cognitive functioning. From egotistical tendencies and communication issues, to the inability to
relate to others, and a variety of evident behavioural problems, Kanner recognised these common
attributes as somehow linked, and was the first prominent figure who worked to identify these links.
This original application of the label 'Autism ' was derived from the greek word autós, meaning 'self
', and relates to one of the most prominent characteristics of Autistic behaviour – an almost complete
disinterest in social interaction with others (Kanner, 1943). The term Autism was expanded to
Autism Spectrum Disorder in order to accurately acknowledge the differing degrees of severity and
the range of manifestations often linked to Autism. This term is now used to describe a complex and
varied selection of social, behavioural and intellectual disorders, from Kanner 's Autism (sometimes
referred to as 'classic ' Autism), to Asperger 's Syndrome, to Pervasive Developmental

The Social Skills Of Children With Asd Is Direct Instruction
Direct Instruction
Another strategy that I would use to increase the social skills of children with ASD is direct
instruction. In this approach, the focus should be on "task analysis", a process in which social skills
are divided into sub–steps and are taught gradually (Welton, Vakil, & Carasea, 2004). Some tools
that might be useful for teachers to enhance social interactions are role–modeling games and puppet
theatre in natural environment settings instead of a special education classroom (Welton, Vakil, &
Carasea, 2004). From my experience, as supportive personnel for a student with ASD, I have seen
that role–modeling games and puppet theatre in classroom had positive impact on student's social
development and interactions. As Allen and Schwartz (2001) suggested, classroom can be one of the
environments that allow social learning activities to happen daily (as cited in Welton, Vakil, &
Carasea, 2004).
Visual Script Interventions
Additionally, as I read about visual scripts I thought that this intervention might also enhance the
social skills of students with ASD. "Visual scripts are written and pictorial examples of phrases or
sentences children with disabilities can use to cue themselves regarding appropriate topics of
conversation or other verbal interactions" (Ganz, 2007, p.54). To understand and implement this
strategy, teachers should keep in mind the basic steps that Ganz (2007) presented. Specifically,
teachers should base the choice of target activity on

Autism Self Management
This Scholarly Article Supports children with autism spectrum disorders in the general education
classrooms. This article addresses the acts of self– management as a proactive strategy for
increasing the task engagement and compliant behavior of high–functioning students with autism.
The author of this article discusses the reasoning for self–management, outlines the steps for
developing an intervention plan, and presents a case study to illustrate implementation of a self–
management procedures on children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The increase in the amounts of children with autism spectrum disorders in school has created a
critical need to design an effective practices and behavioral support in classrooms ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Use of modeling, practice, and performance feedback is critical in training students to self–
manage their behaviors (Cole et al., 2000; Koegel et al., 1995). After the target behaviors and goals
are identified, and the data recording form or checklist developed, teachers demonstrate the self–
management process for students by modeling the procedure and asking students to observe while
the teacher simulates a classroom scenario. Encourage students to role–play both desired and
undesired behaviors at various times during practice and to accurately self–observe and record their
own behaviors. This gives the student a chance to see how they act and how the are able to change
the way they act in different school themed scenarios. Step 6: Introducing the self–management
plan.Once reliability with the self–monitoring procedure is established, students rate their behavior
on the self–recording sheet at the specified time interval in the natural setting. Step seven: Meet
with the student to determine whether the behavioral goals were accomplished. The teacher will
Hold a brief conference with the student each day to determine whether the behavioral goal was met
or not and compare teacher and

Summary Of The Relationship Between Autism And Schizophrenia
Autism and schizophrenia are discrete neurodevelopmental disorderd that share various
interpersonal and cognitive deficits. The symptoms of autism first show up during the early life
while schizophrenic side effects do not regularly appear until adolesence at the most punctual.
Efforts have been made to describe the pattern of cognitive function in both schizophrenia and
autism disorder, and certain resemlances have become obvious, for example, deficits in conceptual
reasoning and the more complex of memory and language. The current study gave a correlation of
cognitive functioning between the two disorders. The autistic sample comprised of all well
diagnosed individuals that have high functioning autism.Furthermore, the schizophrenic sample

The Is The Most Bubbly And Happy Child
How does it feel to know that your little brother, who you adore in every way possible, has
something "wrong" with him? Something you cannot fix and neither can medicines or doctors. That
he has this disorder that has an unknown cause. But you do know that he 'll be different from all of
the other children, that school will always be a difficult task for him, and maybe he 'll be alone
because he won 't have any friends. All of these thoughts and more came to my head when I heard
the news that my brother has Autism. Ayden is the most bubbly and happy child. Even though he
was young I could tell something was different about him. As he started going to daycare it was
more apparent. Mrs. Valerie, who ran the daycare, first mentioned Ayden ... Show more content on
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It goes on to say that there are different degrees of this disorder; some children are nonverbal or
verbal, they have difficulties in social interactions, and behaviors that are repetitive. I observed my
brother, hoping and praying that this wasn 't true, but in the back of my mind I knew everything was
about to change. By this point we were all sure, my parents and I, that he had Autism. As we walk
into the doctor's office, I feel my mom grip my hand tighter with every step. I gave her a hug, trying
to comfort her. While waiting for the doctor my anticipation grew, I was listening intently for
Ayden's name to be called. "Ayden Ledet?" said the doctor. We all stood up in unison. The
nervousness must have been beaming off of us, because she had to assure us everything would be
alright. Prior to this appointment Dr. Lacie went to Ayden's school to observe him in his classroom
among his peers. Once we sat down, she started asking a series of questions about Ayden. I ended up
tuning out the adults and started playing with Ayden on the floor. After what seemed like forever,
she informed us with a diagnosis.
"Ayden has high functioning Autism. That means he is verbal, but does lack the social skills the
average four year old should possess..." I was in shock! I could not wrap my head around the
thought of my little brother having something "wrong" with him, but I did know that I would love
him always.
As

Asperger?s Syndrome and Instructional Intervention Essay
Asperger's Syndrome and Instructional Intervention
Asperger's Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disability first identified in 1944 by Dr.
Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician. However, since his paper was written in German and
published during World War II, his findings were not well known in the United States and in other
non–German speaking countries. In 1981, Dr. Lorna Wing, a British researcher, brought AS to the
attention of the English–speaking world. In addition to summarizing Asperger's findings, she also
pointed out the similarities between AS and autism, raising the question: Are they the same disorder
or two separate ones (Ozonoff, Dawson, & McPartland, 2002)? It was not until 1994 ... Show
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Many children with Asperger's are first diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). They may have problems with social interactions, but their main difficulties are
inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is not until the inappropriate social behavior becomes a
greater concern that they are diagnosed with Asperger's (Watkins, 2000).
Children with AS often have behavioral and emotional problems connected to their deficient social
skills. These often involve feelings of stress or loss of control (Myles & Simpson, 2002) and
these behaviors can range from simply annoying to highly disruptive behaviors (Safran et al., 2003).
In order to help students with AS, interventions must be used that target improving social
understanding rather than trying to change certain behaviors in certain situations. Improving the
social understanding can be addressed by teaching appropriate social skills. These social skills may
include problem solving, conversation skills, anger control, identifying and managing feelings,
dealing with stress, and organizational skills. A school psychologist may assist by providing direct
social skill instructions to the student and training parents and teachers in strategies to use. Some of
these strategies include social stories, comic strip conversations, and social autopsies. In addition,
teaching students the "hidden curriculum" or "unwritten rules of conduct" are important parts of
social skills teaching

Pragmatics Of Individuals With Autism Essay
Pragmatics in Individuals with Autism
Introduction
Children with autism struggle with pragmatics, or social interactions. Pragmatics extend past simply
providing social closeness, it also enables social etiquette. Issues of pragmatics can be etiologically
tied to issues with expressive or receptive language skills. Social interaction skills and
communication skills that are functional to the individual necessitate an intervention approach that
treats individuals holistically. The intervention techniques need to treat an array of separate and
discrete behaviors. There are different approaches to addressing these behaviors including Applied
Behavioral Analysis or Gentle Therapy while having an emphasis on family–centered care.
Literature Review
Applied Behavioral Analysis
Applied Behavioral Analysis uses behavior plans which use reinforces for target behaviors, or time
out or restraint to reduce behaviors. These behavior plans may be limited in their utility because of
three important factors: (1) they often assume a certain level of cognitive function that may not be
present: (2) they often ignore comorbid psychiatric or neurological conditions: and (3) they often
employ data collection procedures that are far too demanding for staff to implement (Polirstok,
Dana, Buono, Mongelli, & Trubia, 2003). When recording the data of the implemented plan takes
more time and conscientious effort than the implementation of the plan itself, it is not effective. The
focus should be

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism
There are multiple ways to heal and multiple benefits that come out of healing. One of those healing
methods is Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been shown to help many people of all age groups, a
specific group being children with autism. It helps benefit children with autism by improving their
communication and social skills. Just simply listening to music calms and puts the brain at ease.
Music Therapy is beneficial to this specific group because though they may have deficits socially,
they show none when it comes to musical affect. This form of therapy allows autistic children to
improve those social skills in a fun and engaging way. Autism is a mental condition, present from
early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other
people and in using language and abstract concepts ("Autism" Def). It's a disability that affects a
person's communication skills and/or changes in behavior. Autism is usually diagnosed before three
years of age and has a lifelong persistence. The causes of this disorder is unclear and there is
currently no cure for it. There are two core characteristics of autism. The first being a deficiency in
social communication and social interaction. The second is a restricted, repetitive patterns of
behaviors, interests, and activities. Clinical features of autism include walking on tiptoes, lack of
eye contact, extreme dislike of certain foods or sounds, poor communication skills, repetitive
behaviors, and

High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
The journal article Enhanced Decision Making and Risk Avoidance in High–Functioning Autism
Spectrum Disorder (South et al., 2014) that is being reviewed is an experiment with High–
Functioning autistic individuals and nerurotypical individuals inquiring if there is a difference in the
behavior when making decisions if there is a risk involved. The researchers begin by explaining
their supporting information in conducting this experiment. They reference previous written
material that explains the impairments that individuals with Autism have in their neurocognitive
processes, including the social and typical behaviors that occur during a normal day. The
researchers' hypothesis going into the experiment was that the due to the impairments ... Show more
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The control group (CON) consisted of 56 neurotypicals in which 14 of them were females, whereas
the ASD group only had 3 females. All participants were given the same IQ test in which the mean
for the ASD group was ~110 and the CON group was ~114. There were seven participants though
that had to be excluded from the experiment due to an error in the SCR data. The researchers used
the IGT when conducting this experiment since it is a method to analyze a participants decision
when provided rewards, punishments and confusion. The IGT was given to each participant using a
computer. Prior to starting each participant read the instructions of the game, and proceeded to
perform a trial game to become accustomed to the task. During the task decks are identified as A
(overall loss), B (overall loss), C (overall gain), and D (overall gain). Decks A & B are identified as
decks that have large and immediate gains but can be unpredictable. Then followed by a high loss
and lead to loss at the end of the deck. Decks C & D have smaller immediate gains and losses, but at
the end of the deck there is a gain. The researchers calculated the learning of the participants over a
period of five blocks of 20 trials. They evaluated the overall performance as well as gain–stay and
loss–shift strategies that each participant selected when they made a decision based off each deck.
The SCR data

How Does Autism Affect The Functioning Of The Brain
Autism
Autism is a developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. This is
the result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. If you don't pay close
attention to your child, you won't notice it. If you attend to your child the way that a real parent
should, then you will notice that something is not right. If you catch it early on, you can do some
intense therapy that will attend to your child the right way. Depending on how severe the illness is
your child will go two to three times a week. There is a therapist that will accommodate you and
come to your child's school if needed.
Autism is a disease where no one knows where it derived from. Autism is a fancy word of ... Show
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Children with this disease have social interaction problems. They are not able to participate in daily
routines. Autistic children have unusual responses and interests like using objects inappropriately;
have repetitive behaviors and unusual sensory responses.
Some common effects of autism include mishaps of cognitive disorders as well as seizures and other
slow development of the brain. The symptoms of seizure are disorders are quite varied. They can
range from brief episodes where the child seems to "tune out" to much more obvious convulsions
where the child falls to the ground, loses consciousness, and has alternating periods of muscle
contraction and relaxation (Volkmar and Wiesner 28). A number of other neurological problems are
observed in autism. Some children with autism have delays in the development of hand dominance
later than typically developing children (Volkmar and Wiesner 28). Not every child has every
problem.
Autism is a disease, not a disability. According to Jepson and Johnson, Autism is an environmental
illness (42). Autistic children improved when foods containing gluten and casein were removed.
Gluten is a protein found in wheat barley, rye, and oats. Casein is a protein from cow's milk. It is
recommended that parents should try an elimination diet of casein and gluten for about a month to
see if it improved symptoms. There other highly allergic foods parents should attempt to eradicate
from their

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